Discriminating Pathogens from Commensals at Mucosal Surfaces

Mucosal Immunology: Fourth Edition

Volumn 1-2, Issue , 2015, Pages 975-984

  Aymeric, Laetitia ^a,b   Sansonetti, Philippe ^a,b  

^a INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

^b Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie   (France)

Author keywords

Commensals; Epithelium; Health; Inflammation; Microbes; Pathogens; Tolerance

Indexed keywords

EID: 84939489720     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-415847-4.00050-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (68)

1. Abreu M.T., et al. Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2001, 167(3):1609-1616.
2. Ahrens S., et al. F-actin is an evolutionarily conserved damage-associated molecular pattern recognized by DNGR-1, a receptor for dead cells. Immunity 2012, 36(4):635-645.
3. Arbibe L., et al. An injected bacterial effector targets chromatin access for transcription factor NF-kappaB to alter transcription of host genes involved in immune responses. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8(1):47-56.
4. Atarashi K., et al. ATP drives lamina propria T(H)17 cell differentiation. Nature 2008, 455(7214):808-812.
5. Ayabe T., et al. Secretion of microbicidal alpha-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria. Nat. Immunol. 2000, 1(2):113-118.
6. Bouskra D., et al. Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis. Nature 2008, 456(7221):507-510.
7. Brandl K., et al. MyD88-mediated signals induce the bactericidal lectin RegIII gamma and protect mice against intestinal Listeria monocytogenes infection. J. Exp. Med. 2007, 204(8):1891-1900.
8. Brown S.L., et al. Myd88-dependent positioning of Ptgs2-expressing stromal cells maintains colonic epithelial proliferation during injury. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117(1):258-269.
9. Cash H.L., et al. Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2006, 313(5790):1126-1130.
10. Cossart P., Sansonetti P.J. Bacterial invasion: the paradigms of enteroinvasive pathogens. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2004, 304(5668):242-248.
11. Depaolo R.W., et al. Toll-like receptor 6 drives differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells and contributes to LcrV-mediated plague pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 2008, 4(4):350-361.
12. Egger B., et al. Mice lacking transforming growth factor alpha have an increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate-induced colitis. Gastroenterology 1997, 113(3):825-832.
13. Fagarasan S., et al. Adaptive immune regulation in the gut: T cell-dependent and T cell-independent IgA synthesis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2010, 28:243-273.
14. Franchi L., Munoz-Planillo R., Nunez G. Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes. Nat. Immunol. 2012, 13(4):325-332.
15. Furrie E., et al. Toll-like receptors-2, -3 and -4 expression patterns on human colon and their regulation by mucosal-associated bacteria. Immunology 2005, 115(4):565-574.
16. Gaboriau-Routhiau V., et al. The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T cell responses. Immunity 2009, 31(4):677-689.
17. Gewirtz A.T., et al. Cutting edge: bacterial flagellin activates basolaterally expressed TLR5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2001, 167(4):1882-1885.
18. Girardin S.E., et al. CARD4/Nod1 mediates NF-kappaB and JNK activation by invasive Shigella flexneri. EMBO Rep. 2001, 2(8):736-742.
19. Grassl G.A., et al. Activation of NF-kappaB and IL-8 by Yersinia enterocolitica invasin protein is conferred by engagement of Rac1 and MAP kinase cascades. Cell. Microbiol. 2003, 5(12):957-971.
20. Gurcel L., et al. Caspase-1 activation of lipid metabolic pathways in response to bacterial pore-forming toxins promotes cell survival. Cell 2006, 126(6):1135-1145.
21. Guttman J.A., Finlay B.B. Tight junctions as targets of infectious agents. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2009, 1788(4):832-841.
22. Hall J.A., et al. Commensal DNA limits regulatory T cell conversion and is a natural adjuvant of intestinal immune responses. Immunity 2008, 29(4):637-649.
23. He B., et al. Intestinal bacteria trigger T cell-independent immunoglobulin A(2) class switching by inducing epithelial-cell secretion of the cytokine APRIL. Immunity 2007, 26(6):812-826.
24. Hedlund M., et al. Role of the ceramide-signaling pathway in cytokine responses to P-fimbriated Escherichia coli. J. Exp. Med. 1996, 183(3):1037-1044.
25. Hobert M.E., et al. Cdc42 and Rac1 regulate late events in Salmonella typhimurium-induced interleukin-8 secretion from polarized epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277(52):51025-51032.
26. Hooper L.V., et al. Angiogenins: a new class of microbicidal proteins involved in innate immunity. Nat. Immunol. 2003, 4(3):269-273.
27. Hornef M.W., et al. Intracellular recognition of lipopolysaccharide by toll-like receptor 4 in intestinal epithelial cells. J. Exp. Med. 2003, 198(8):1225-1235.
28. Im E., et al. Elevated lipopolysaccharide in the colon evokes intestinal inflammation, aggravated in immune modulator-impaired mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2012, 303(4):G490-G497.
29. Ivanov I.I., et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell 2009, 139(3):485-498.
30. Iwai H., et al. A bacterial effector targets Mad2L2, an APC inhibitor, to modulate host cell cycling. Cell 2007, 130(4):611-623.
31. John C.M., et al. Lack of lipid A pyrophosphorylation and functional lptA reduces inflammation by Neisseria commensals. Infect. Immun. 2012, 80(11):4014-4026.
32. Kelly D., et al. Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-gamma and RelA. Nat. Immunol. 2004, 5(1):104-112.
33. Kim J.M., et al. Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin induces cyclooxygenase-2 and fluid secretion in intestinal epithelial cells through NF-kappaB activation. Eur. J. Immunol. 2006, 36(9):2446-2456.
34. Kobayashi K.S., et al. Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2005, 307(5710):731-734.
35. Kobayashi M., et al. Toll-like receptor-dependent production of IL-12p40 causes chronic enterocolitis in myeloid cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 111(9):1297-1308.
36. Krachler A.M., Woolery A.R., Orth K. Manipulation of kinase signaling by bacterial pathogens. J. Cell Biol. 2011, 195(7):1083-1092.
37. Kusu T., et al. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 7 controls Th17 cell responses through regulation of luminal ATP in the small intestine. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2013, 190(2):774-783.
38. Lathrop S.K., et al. Peripheral education of the immune system by colonic commensal microbiota. Nature 2011, 478(7368):250-254.
39. Lee J., et al. Maintenance of colonic homeostasis by distinctive apical TLR9 signalling in intestinal epithelial cells. Nat. Cell Biol. 2006, 8(12):1327-1336.
40. Macpherson A.J., Uhr T. Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2004, 303(5664):1662-1665.
41. Macpherson A.J., et al. A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2000, 288(5474):2222-2226.
42. Maslowski K.M., et al. Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature 2009, 461(7268):1282-1286.
43. McGuckin M.A., et al. Mucin dynamics and enteric pathogens. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2011, 9(4):265-278.
44. Mennigen R., et al. Probiotic mixture VSL#3 protects the epithelial barrier by maintaining tight junction protein expression and preventing apoptosis in a murine model of colitis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2009, 296(5):G1140-G1149.
45. Nenci A., et al. Epithelial NEMO links innate immunity to chronic intestinal inflammation. Nature 2007, 446(7135):557-561.
46. Otte J.-M., Cario E., Podolsky D.K. Mechanisms of cross hyporesponsiveness to Toll-like receptor bacterial ligands in intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2004, 126(4):1054-1070.
47. Piccinini A.M., Midwood K.S. Endogenous control of immunity against infection: tenascin-C regulates TLR4-mediated inflammation via microRNA-155. Cell Rep. 2012, 2(4):914-926.
48. Pull S.L., et al. Activated macrophages are an adaptive element of the colonic epithelial progenitor niche necessary for regenerative responses to injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102(1):99-104.
49. Rakoff-Nahoum S., et al. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 2004, 118:229-241.
50. Reife R.A., et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide lipid A heterogeneity: differential activities of tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A structures on E-selectin expression and TLR4 recognition. Cell Microbiol. 2006, 8(5):857-868.
51. Rose W.A., Sakamoto K., Leifer C.A. TLR9 is important for protection against intestinal damage and for intestinal repair. Sci. Rep. 2012, 2:574.
52. Round J.L., et al. The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2011, 332(6032):974-977.
53. Sanos S.L., et al. RORgammat and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22-producing NKp46+ cells. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10(1):83-91.
54. Schotte P., et al. Targeting Rac1 by the Yersinia effector protein YopE inhibits caspase-1-mediated maturation and release of interleukin-1beta. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279(24):25134-25142.
55. Sellon R.K., et al. Resident enteric bacteria are necessary for development of spontaneous colitis and immune system activation in interleukin-10-deficient mice. Infect. Immun. 1998, 66(11):5224-5231.
56. Shifrin D.A.J., et al. Enterocyte microvillus-derived vesicles detoxify bacterial products and regulate epithelial-microbial interactions. Curr. Biol. 2012, 22(7):627-631.
57. Sokol H., et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105(43):16731-16736.
58. Sonnenberg G.F., et al. Innate lymphoid cells promote anatomical containment of lymphoid-resident commensal bacteria. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2012, 336(6086):1321-1325.
59. Strauch U.G., et al. Influence of intestinal bacteria on induction of regulatory T cells: lessons from a transfer model of colitis. Gut 2005, 54(11):1546-1552.
60. Swanson P.A., et al. Enteric commensal bacteria potentiate epithelial restitution via reactive oxygen species-mediated inactivation of focal adhesion kinase phosphatases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011, 108(21):8803-8808.
61. Tezuka H., et al. Regulation of IgA production by naturally occurring TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells. Nature 2007, 448(7156):929-933.
62. Tien M.-T., et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of Lactobacillus casei on Shigella-infected human intestinal epithelial cells. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2006, 176(2):1228-1237.
63. Uematsu S., et al. Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5. Nat. Immunol. 2008, 9(7):769-776.
64. Viala J., et al. Nod1 responds to peptidoglycan delivered by the Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island. Nat. Immunol. 2004, 5(11):1166-1174.
65. Wang J., et al. Ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 promotes tolerance to lipopolysaccharide in enterocytes. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. 1950) 2009, 183(2):1384-1392.
66. Xiao H., et al. The toll-interleukin-1 receptor member SIGIRR regulates colonic epithelial homeostasis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Immunity 2007, 26(4):461-475.
67. Xu W., et al. Epithelial cells trigger frontline immunoglobulin class switching through a pathway regulated by the inhibitor SLPI. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8(3):294-303.
68. Yao Y., Levings M.K., Steiner T.S. ATP conditions intestinal epithelial cells to an inflammatory state that promotes components of DC maturation. Eur. J. Immunol. 2012, 42(12):3310-3321.