Identification of circadian gene variants in bipolar disorder in Latino populations

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 186, Issue , 2015, Pages 367-375

  Gonzalez, Robert ^a   Gonzalez, Suzanne ^a   Villa, Erika ^a   Ramirez, Mercedes ^a   Zavala, Juan ^a   Armas, Regina ^b   Contreras, Javier ^c   Dassori, Albana ^d,e   Leach, Robin J ^d   Flores, Deborah ^f   Jerez, Alvaro ^g   Raventós, Henriette ^c   Ontiveros, Alfonso ^h   Nicolini, Humberto ⁱ   Escamilla, Michael ^a  

^a Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA   (Costa Rica)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^e SOUTH TEXAS VETERANS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^f UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^g Centro Internacional de Trastornos Afectivos y de la Conducta Adictiva   (Guatemala)

^h Instituto de Informacion de Investigacion en Salud Mental   (Mexico)

ⁱ Grupo de Estudios Médicos y Familiares Carracci S C   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Like; Bipolar disorder; Casein Kinase 1 Epsilon; Circadian; Family based association test; Latino

Indexed keywords

CASEIN KINASE IDELTA; CASEIN KINASE IEPSILON; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ARNTL; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CLOCK; ARNTL PROTEIN, HUMAN; CLOCK PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAMILY; FEMALE; GENE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HAPLOTYPE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PEDIGREE; PHENOTYPE; POPULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; GENETICS;

ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CASEIN KINASE IEPSILON; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CLOCK PROTEINS; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; MALE; PEDIGREE; PHENOTYPE; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE;

EID: 84939126602     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: 15732517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.014     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. K. Ackermann, R. Plomp, O. Lao, B. Middleton, V.L. Revell, D.J. Skene, and M. Kayser Effect of sleep deprivation on rhythms of clock gene expression and melatonin in humans Chronobiol. Int. 30 2013 901 909
2. M. Akashi, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Yoshino, and E. Nishida Control of intracellular dynamics of mammalian period proteins by casein kinase I epsilon (CKIepsilon) and CKIdelta in cultured cells Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 2002 1693 1703
3. S.N. Archer, A.U. Viola, V. Kyriakopoulou, M. von Schantz, and D.J. Dijk Inter-individual differences in habitual sleep timing and entrained phase of endogenous circadian rhythms of BMAL1, PER2 and PER3 mRNA in human leukocytes Sleep 31 2008 608 617
4. B. Arts, N. Jabben, L. Krabbendam, and J. van Os Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives Psychol. Med. 38 2008 771 785
5. J.C. Barrett, B. Fry, J. Maller, and M.J. Daly Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps Bioinformatics 21 2005 263 265
6. M.M. Bellet, M.P. Vawter, B.G. Bunney, W.E. Bunney, and P. Sassone-Corsi Ketamine influences CLOCK:BMAL1 function leading to altered circadian gene expression PloS One 6 2011 e23982
7. F. Benedetti, A. Bernasconi, C. Lorenzi, A. Pontiggia, A. Serretti, C. Colombo, and E. Smeraldi A single nucleotide polymorphism in glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta promoter gene influences onset of illness in patients affected by bipolar disorder Neurosci. Lett. 355 2004 37 40
8. F. Benedetti, R. Riccaboni, C. Locatelli, S. Poletti, S. Dallaspezia, and C. Colombo Rapid treatment response of suicidal symptoms to lithium, sleep deprivation, and light therapy (chronotherapeutics) in drug-resistant bipolar depression J. Clin. Psychiatry 75 2014 133 140
9. F. Benedetti, A. Serretti, C. Colombo, B. Barbini, C. Lorenzi, E. Campori, and E. Smeraldi Influence of CLOCK gene polymorphism on circadian mood fluctuation and illness recurrence in bipolar depression Am. J. Med. Genet. B: Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 123 2003 23 26
10. F. Benedetti, A. Serretti, C. Colombo, C. Lorenzi, V. Tubazio, and E. Smeraldi A glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta promoter gene single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with age at onset and response to total sleep deprivation in bipolar depression Neurosci. Lett. 368 2004 123 126
11. F. Benedetti, A. Serretti, A. Pontiggia, A. Bernasconi, C. Lorenzi, C. Colombo, and E. Smeraldi Long-term response to lithium salts in bipolar illness is influenced by the glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta-50 T/C SNP Neurosci. Lett. 376 2005 51 55
12. E. Bora, M. Yucel, and C. Pantelis Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives J. Affect. Disord. 113 2009 1 20
13. C.D. Bryant, C.C. Parker, L. Zhou, C. Olker, R.Y. Chandrasekaran, T.T. Wager, V.J. Bolivar, A.S. Loudon, M.H. Vitaterna, F.W. Turek, and A.A. Palmer Csnk1e is a genetic regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids Neuropsychopharmacology 37 2012 1026 1035
14. B.G. Bunney, and W.E. Bunney Mechanisms of rapid antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation therapy: clock genes and circadian rhythms Biol. Psychiatry 73 2013 1164 1171
15. B.G. Bunney, J.Z. Li, D.M. Walsh, R. Stein, M.P. Vawter, P. Cartagena, J.D. Barchas, A.F. Schatzberg, R.M. Myers, S.J. Watson, H. Akil, and W.E. Bunney Circadian dysregulation of clock genes: clues to rapid treatments in major depressive disorder Mol. Psychiatry 20 2015 48 55
16. F. Camacho, M. Cilio, Y. Guo, D.M. Virshup, K. Patel, O. Khorkova, S. Styren, B. Morse, Z. Yao, and G.A. Keesler Human casein kinase Idelta phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2 FEBS Lett. 489 2001 159 165
17. R. Campos-Sanchez, H. Raventos, and R. Barrantes Ancestry informative markers clarify the regional admixture variation in the costa rican population Hum. Biol. 85 2013 721 740
18. F. Cassidy, and B.J. Carroll Seasonal variation of mixed and pure episodes of bipolar disorder J. Affect. Disord. 68 2002 25 31
19. N. Craddock, and P. Sklar Genetics of bipolar disorder Lancet 381 2013 1654 1662
20. M.P. Dmitrzak-Weglarz, J.M. Pawlak, M. Maciukiewicz, J. Moczko, M. Wilkosc, A. Leszczynska-Rodziewicz, D. Zaremba, and J. Hauser Clock gene variants differentiate mood disorders Mol. Biol. Rep. 42 2014 277 288
21. D.L. Dries Genetic ancestry, population admixture, and the genetic epidemiology of complex disease Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 2 2009 540 543
22. C.A. Dudley, C. Erbel-Sieler, S.J. Estill, M. Reick, P. Franken, S. Pitts, and S.L. McKnight Altered patterns of sleep and behavioral adaptability in NPAS2-deficient mice Science 301 2003 379 383
23. I. Edery Circadian rhythms in a nutshell Physiol. Genom. 3 2000 59 74
24. A. Fagiolini, E. Frank, J.A. Scott, S. Turkin, and D.J. Kupfer Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians Bipolar Disord. 7 2005 424 430
25. M.L. Freedman, D. Reich, K.L. Penney, G.J. McDonald, A.A. Mignault, N. Patterson, S.B. Gabriel, E.J. Topol, J.W. Smoller, C.N. Pato, M.T. Pato, T.L. Petryshen, L.N. Kolonel, E.S. Lander, P. Sklar, B. Henderson, J.N. Hirschhorn, and D. Altshuler Assessing the impact of population stratification on genetic association studies Nat. Genet. 36 2004 388 393
26. S.B. Gabriel, S.F. Schaffner, H. Nguyen, J.M. Moore, J. Roy, B. Blumenstiel, J. Higgins, M. DeFelice, A. Lochner, M. Faggart, S.N. Liu-Cordero, C. Rotimi, A. Adeyemo, R. Cooper, R. Ward, E.S. Lander, M.J. Daly, and D. Altshuler The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome Science 296 2002 2225 2229
27. D.C. Glahn, L. Almasy, M. Barguil, E. Hare, J.M. Peralta, J.W. Kent Jr., A. Dassori, J. Contreras, A. Pacheco, N. Lanzagorta, H. Nicolini, H. Raventos, and M.A. Escamilla Neurocognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder identified in multiplex multigenerational families Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 67 2010 168 177
28. P. Gomez-Abellan, J.J. Hernandez-Morante, J.A. Lujan, J.A. Madrid, and M. Garaulet Clock genes are implicated in the human metabolic syndrome Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 32 2008 121 128
29. R. Gonzalez The relationship between bipolar disorder and biological rhythms J. Clin. Psychiatry 75 2014 e323 e331
30. S. Gonzalez, C. Camarillo, M. Rodriguez, M. Ramirez, J. Zavala, S. Contreras, R. Armas, J. Contreras, A. Dassori, L. Almasy, D. Flores, A. Jerez, H. Raventós, A. Ontiveros, H. Nicolini, and M. Escamilla A Genome-wide Linkage Scan of Bipolar Disorder in Latino Families Identifies Susceptibility Loci at 8q24 and 14q32 Am. J. Med. Genet. B: Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 165B 2014 479 491
31. S. Gonzalez, C. Xu, M. Ramirez, J. Zavala, R. Armas, S.A. Contreras, J. Contreras, A. Dassori, R.J. Leach, D. Flores, A. Jerez, H. Raventos, A. Ontiveros, H. Nicolini, and M. Escamilla Suggestive evidence for association between L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene haplotypes and bipolar disorder in Latinos: a family-based association study Bipolar Disord. 15 2013 206 214
32. R. Hakkarainen, C. Johansson, T. Kieseppa, T. Partonen, M. Koskenvuo, J. Kaprio, and J. Lonnqvist Seasonal changes, sleep length and circadian preference among twins with bipolar disorder BMC Psychiatry 3 2003 6
33. E.D. Herzog, J.S. Takahashi, and G.D. Block Clock controls circadian period in isolated suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons Nat. Neurosci. 1 1998 708 713
34. S. Horvath, X. Xu, and N.M. Laird The family based association test method: strategies for studying general genotype-phenotype associations Eur. J. Hum. Genet.: EJHG 9 2001 301 306
35. S. Horvath, X. Xu, S.L. Lake, E.K. Silverman, S.T. Weiss, and N.M. Laird Family-based tests for associating haplotypes with general phenotype data: application to asthma genetics Genet. Epidemiol. 26 2004 61 69
36. M. Ishikawa, K. Mizukami, M. Iwakiri, and T. Asada Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis of Dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, relative molecular mass 32,000 (DARPP-32) in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 31 2007 1177 1181
37. A.S. Johansson, J. Brask, B. Owe-Larsson, J. Hetta, and G.B. Lundkvist Valproic acid phase shifts the rhythmic expression of Period2::Luciferase J. Biol. Rhythm. 26 2011 541 551
38. G.A. Keesler, F. Camacho, Y. Guo, D. Virshup, C. Mondadori, and Z. Yao Phosphorylation and destabilization of human period I clock protein by human casein kinase I epsilon Neuroreport 11 2000 951 955
39. D.J. Kennaway, T.J. Varcoe, A. Voultsios, and M.J. Boden Global loss of bmal1 expression alters adipose tissue hormones, gene expression and glucose metabolism PLoS One 8 2013 e65255
40. T. Kieseppa, T. Partonen, J. Haukka, J. Kaprio, and J. Lonnqvist High concordance of bipolar I disorder in a nationwide sample of twins Am. J. Psychiatry 161 2004 1814 1821
41. T. Kishi, T. Kitajima, M. Ikeda, Y. Yamanouchi, Y. Kinoshita, K. Kawashima, T. Okochi, N. Ozaki, and N. Iwata Association analysis of nuclear receptor Rev-erb alpha gene (NR1D1) with mood disorders in the Japanese population Neurosci. Res. 62 2008 211 215
42. D.F. Kripke, C.M. Nievergelt, E. Joo, T. Shekhtman, and J.R. Kelsoe Circadian polymorphisms associated with affective disorders J. Circadian Rhythm. 7 2009 2
43. E.W. Lamont, D.L. Coutu, N. Cermakian, and D.B. Boivin Circadian rhythms and clock genes in psychotic disorders Isr. J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci. 47 2010 27 35
44. C. Lange, D. DeMeo, E.K. Silverman, S.T. Weiss, and N.M. Laird PBAT: tools for family-based association studies Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74 2004 367 369
45. C. Lee, J.P. Etchegaray, F.R. Cagampang, A.S. Loudon, and S.M. Reppert Posttranslational mechanisms regulate the mammalian circadian clock Cell 107 2001 855 867
46. J. Lee, M.S. Kim, R. Li, V.Y. Liu, L. Fu, D.D. Moore, K. Ma, and V.K. Yechoor Loss of Bmal1 leads to uncoupling and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in beta-cells Islets 3 2011 381 388
47. K.Y. Lee, J.Y. Song, S.H. Kim, S.C. Kim, E.J. Joo, Y.M. Ahn, and Y.S. Kim Association between CLOCK 3111T/C and preferred circadian phase in Korean patients with bipolar disorder Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 34 2010 1196 1201
48. F.R. Levin, and G. Hennessy Bipolar disorder and substance abuse Biol. Psychiatry 56 2004 738 748
49. O. Levran, D. Londono, K. O'Hara, D.A. Nielsen, E. Peles, J. Rotrosen, P. Casadonte, S. Linzy, M. Randesi, J. Ott, M. Adelson, and M.J. Kreek Genetic susceptibility to heroin addiction: a candidate gene association study Genes Brain Behav. 7 2008 720 729
50. D. Li, S. Herrera, N. Bubula, E. Nikitina, A.A. Palmer, D.A. Hanck, J.A. Loweth, and P. Vezina Casein kinase 1 enables nucleus accumbens amphetamine-induced locomotion by regulating AMPA receptor phosphorylation J. Neurochem. 118 2011 237 247
51. X. Li, G.N. Bijur, and R.S. Jope Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, mood stabilizers, and neuroprotection Bipolar Disord. 4 2002 137 144
52. P. Linkowski, M. Kerkhofs, A. Van Onderbergen, P. Hubain, G. Copinschi, M. L'Hermite-Baleriaux, R. Leclercq, M. Brasseur, J. Mendlewicz, and E. Van Cauter The 24-hour profiles of cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion in mania Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 51 1994 616 624
53. P. Linkowski, J. Mendlewicz, R. Leclercq, M. Brasseur, P. Hubain, J. Golstein, G. Copinschi, and E. Van Cauter The 24-hour profile of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol in major depressive illness J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 61 1985 429 438
54. P. Linkowski, E. Van Cauter, R. Leclercq, D. Desmedt, M. Brasseur, J. Golstein, G. Copinschi, and J. Mendlewicz ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone 24-hour profiles in major depressive illness Acta Psychiatr. Belg. 85 1985 615 623
55. A.C. Liu, W.G. Lewis, and S.A. Kay Mammalian circadian signaling networks and therapeutic targets Nat. Chem. Biol. 3 2007 630 639
56. P.L. Lowrey, K. Shimomura, M.P. Antoch, S. Yamazaki, P.D. Zemenides, M.R. Ralph, M. Menaker, and J.S. Takahashi Positional syntenic cloning and functional characterization of the mammalian circadian mutation tau Science 288 2000 483 492
57. M. Maciukiewicz, M. Dmitrzak-Weglarz, J. Pawlak, A. Leszczynska-Rodziewicz, D. Zaremba, M. Skibinska, and J. Hauser Analysis of genetic association and epistasis interactions between circadian clock genes and symptom dimensions of bipolar affective disorder Chronobiol. Int. 31 2014 770 778
58. H.A. Mansour, M.E. Talkowski, J. Wood, K.V. Chowdari, L. McClain, K. Prasad, D. Montrose, A. Fagiolini, E.S. Friedman, M.H. Allen, C.L. Bowden, J. Calabrese, R.S. El-Mallakh, M. Escamilla, S.V. Faraone, M.D. Fossey, L. Gyulai, J.M. Loftis, P. Hauser, T.A. Ketter, L.B. Marangell, D.J. Miklowitz, A.A. Nierenberg, J. Patel, G.S. Sachs, P. Sklar, J.W. Smoller, N. Laird, M. Keshavan, M.E. Thase, D. Axelson, B. Birmaher, D. Lewis, T. Monk, E. Frank, D.J. Kupfer, B. Devlin, and V.L. Nimgaonkar Association study of 21 circadian genes with bipolar I disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia Bipolar Disord. 11 2009 701 710
59. H.A. Mansour, J. Wood, T. Logue, K.V. Chowdari, M. Dayal, D.J. Kupfer, T.H. Monk, B. Devlin, and V.L. Nimgaonkar Association study of eight circadian genes with bipolar I disorder, schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia Genes Brain Behav. 5 2006 150 157
60. C.L. McGrath, S.J. Glatt, P. Sklar, H. Le-Niculescu, R. Kuczenski, A.E. Doyle, J. Biederman, E. Mick, S.V. Faraone, A.B. Niculescu, and M.T. Tsuang Evidence for genetic association of RORB with bipolar disorder BMC Psychiatry 9 2009 70
61. C.S. Moller-Levet, S.N. Archer, G. Bucca, E.E. Laing, A. Slak, R. Kabiljo, J.C. Lo, N. Santhi, M. von Schantz, C.P. Smith, and D.J. Dijk Effects of insufficient sleep on circadian rhythmicity and expression amplitude of the human blood transcriptome Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 2013 E1132 E1141
62. C.M. Nievergelt, D.F. Kripke, T.B. Barrett, E. Burg, R.A. Remick, A.D. Sadovnick, S.L. McElroy, P.E. Keck Jr., N.J. Schork, and J.R. Kelsoe Suggestive evidence for association of the circadian genes PERIOD3 and ARNTL with bipolar disorder Am. J. Med. Genet. B: Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 141 2006 234 241
63. J.I. Nurnberger Jr., S. Adkins, D.K. Lahiri, A. Mayeda, K. Hu, A. Lewy, A. Miller, E.S. Bowman, M.J. Miller, L. Rau, C. Smiley, and D. Davis-Singh Melatonin suppression by light in euthymic bipolar and unipolar patients Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 57 2000 572 579
64. M.A. Oquendo, G. Canino, T. Lehner, and J. Licinio Genetic repositories for the study of major psychiatric conditions: what do we know about ethnic minorities' genetic vulnerability? Mol. Psychiatry 15 2010 970 975
65. T.M. Osland, J. Ferno, B. Havik, I. Heuch, P. Ruoff, O.D. Laerum, and V.M. Steen Lithium differentially affects clock gene expression in serum-shocked NIH-3T3 cells J. Psychopharmacol. 25 2011 924 933
66. Q.S. Padiath, D. Paranjpe, S. Jain, and V.K. Sharma Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta as a likely target for the action of lithium on circadian clocks Chronobiol. Int. 21 2004 43 55
67. T. Partonen, and J. Lonnqvist Seasonal variation in bipolar disorder Br. J. Psychiatry 169 1996 641 646
68. S. Perreau-Lenz, V. Vengeliene, H.R. Noori, E.V. Merlo-Pich, M.A. Corsi, C. Corti, and R. Spanagel Inhibition of the casein-kinase-1-epsilon/delta/prevents relapse-like alcohol drinking Neuropsychopharmacology 37 2012 2121 2131
69. B.S. Pickard, A. Christoforou, P.A. Thomson, A. Fawkes, K.L. Evans, S.W. Morris, D.J. Porteous, D.H. Blackwood, and W.J. Muir Interacting haplotypes at the NPAS3 locus alter risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Mol. Psychiatry 14 2008 874 884
70. M.R. Ralph, R.G. Foster, F.C. Davis, and M. Menaker Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period Science 247 1990 975 978
71. M. Reick, J.A. Garcia, C. Dudley, and S.L. McKnight NPAS2: an analog of clock operative in the mammalian forebrain Science 293 2001 506 509
72. S.M. Reppert, and D.R. Weaver Coordination of circadian timing in mammals Nature 418 2002 935 941
73. K. Roybal, D. Theobold, A. Graham, J.A. DiNieri, S.J. Russo, V. Krishnan, S. Chakravarty, J. Peevey, N. Oehrlein, S. Birnbaum, M.H. Vitaterna, P. Orsulak, J.S. Takahashi, E.J. Nestler, W.A. Carlezon Jr., and C.A. McClung Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of CLOCK Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 2007 6406 6411
74. R.D. Rudic, P. McNamara, A.M. Curtis, R.C. Boston, S. Panda, J.B. Hogenesch, and G.A. Fitzgerald BMAL1 and CLOCK, two essential components of the circadian clock, are involved in glucose homeostasis PLoS Biol. 2 2004 e377
75. C. Saini, S.A. Brown, and C. Dibner Human peripheral clocks: applications for studying circadian phenotypes in physiology and pathophysiology Front. Neurol. 6 2015 95
76. P. Salvatore, S. Ghidini, G. Zita, C. De Panfilis, S. Lambertino, C. Maggini, and R.J. Baldessarini Circadian activity rhythm abnormalities in ill and recovered bipolar I disorder patients Bipolar Disord. 10 2008 256 265
77. A. Schlosser, J.T. Vanselow, and A. Kramer Mapping of phosphorylation sites by a multi-protease approach with specific phosphopeptide enrichment and NanoLC-MS/MS analysis Anal. Chem. 77 2005 5243 5250
78. A. Serretti, F. Benedetti, L. Mandelli, C. Lorenzi, A. Pirovano, C. Colombo, and E. Smeraldi Genetic dissection of psychopathological symptoms: insomnia in mood disorders and CLOCK gene polymorphism Am. J. Med. Genet. B: Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 121 2003 35 38
79. A. Serretti, C. Cusin, F. Benedetti, L. Mandelli, A. Pirovano, R. Zanardi, C. Colombo, and E. Smeraldi Insomnia improvement during antidepressant treatment and CLOCK gene polymorphism Am. J. Med. Genet. B: Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 137 2005 36 39
80. G. Severino, M. Manchia, P. Contu, A. Squassina, S. Lampus, R. Ardau, C. Chillotti, and M. Del Zompo Association study in a Sardinian sample between bipolar disorder and the nuclear receptor REV-ERBalpha gene, a critical component of the circadian clock system Bipolar Disord. 11 2009 215 220
81. Ennis, Sharon R., Riós-Vargas, Merarys, N.G., Albert, 2011. The Hispanic Population: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs. In: Commerce, U.S.D.o. (Ed.). U.S. CENSUS BUREAU, Economics and Statistics Administration
82. J. Shi, J.K. Wittke-Thompson, J.A. Badner, E. Hattori, J.B. Potash, V.L. Willour, F.J. McMahon, E.S. Gershon, and C. Liu Clock genes may influence bipolar disorder susceptibility and dysfunctional circadian rhythm Am. J. Med. Genet. B: Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 147B 2008 1047 1055
83. S. Shimba, T. Ogawa, S. Hitosugi, Y. Ichihashi, Y. Nakadaira, M. Kobayashi, M. Tezuka, Y. Kosuge, K. Ishige, Y. Ito, K. Komiyama, Y. Okamatsu-Ogura, K. Kimura, and M. Saito Deficient of a clock gene, brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1), induces dyslipidemia and ectopic fat formation PloS One 6 2011 e25231
84. K. Shin, A. Schaffer, A.J. Levitt, and M.H. Boyle Seasonality in a community sample of bipolar, unipolar and control subjects J. Affect. Disord. 86 2005 19 25
85. T. Silverstone, S. Romans, N. Hunt, and H. McPherson Is there a seasonal pattern of relapse in bipolar affective disorders? A dual northern and southern hemisphere cohort study Br. J. Psychiatry 167 1995 58 60
86. V. Soria, E. Martinez-Amoros, G. Escaramis, J. Valero, R. Perez-Egea, C. Garcia, A. Gutierrez-Zotes, D. Puigdemont, M. Bayes, J.M. Crespo, L. Martorell, E. Vilella, A. Labad, J. Vallejo, V. Perez, J.M. Menchon, X. Estivill, M. Gratacos, and M. Urretavizcaya Differential association of circadian genes with mood disorders: CRY1 and NPAS2 are associated with unipolar major depression and CLOCK and VIP with bipolar disorder Neuropsychopharmacol.: Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol. 35 2010 1279 1289
87. A. Szczepankiewicz, M. Skibinska, J. Hauser, A. Slopien, A. Leszczynska-Rodziewicz, P. Kapelski, M. Dmitrzak-Weglarz, P.M. Czerski, and J.K. Rybakowski Association analysis of the GSK-3beta T-50C gene polymorphism with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Neuropsychobiology 53 2006 51 56
88. C. Thompson, D. Stinson, M. Fernandez, J. Fine, and G. Isaacs A comparison of normal, bipolar and seasonal affective disorder subjects using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire J. Affect. Disord. 14 1988 257 264
89. C.L. Thompson, J.P. Wisor, C.K. Lee, S.D. Pathak, D. Gerashchenko, K.A. Smith, S.R. Fischer, C.L. Kuan, S.M. Sunkin, L.L. Ng, C. Lau, M. Hawrylycz, A.R. Jones, T.S. Kilduff, and E.S. Lein Molecular and anatomical signatures of sleep deprivation in the mouse brain Front. Neurosci. 4 2010 165
90. K.L. Toh, C.R. Jones, Y. He, E.J. Eide, W.A. Hinz, D.M. Virshup, L.J. Ptacek, and Y.H. Fu An hPer2 phosphorylation site mutation in familial advanced sleep phase syndrome Science 291 2001 1040 1043
91. K. Vanselow, and A. Kramer Role of phosphorylation in the mammalian circadian clock Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 72 2007 167 176
92. K. Vanselow, J.T. Vanselow, P.O. Westermark, S. Reischl, B. Maier, T. Korte, A. Herrmann, H. Herzel, A. Schlosser, and A. Kramer Differential effects of PER2 phosphorylation: molecular basis for the human familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS) Genes Dev. 20 2006 2660 2672
93. J. Veenstra-VanderWeele, A. Qaadir, A.A. Palmer, E.H. Cook Jr., and H. de Wit Association between the casein kinase 1 epsilon gene region and subjective response to d-amphetamine Neuropsychopharmacology 31 2006 1056 1063
94. T.A. Wehr, G. Muscettola, and F.K. Goodwin Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol circadian rhythm. Early timing (phase-advance) in manic-depressives compared with normal subjects Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 37 1980 257 263
95. J.P. Wisor, B.F. O'Hara, A. Terao, C.P. Selby, T.S. Kilduff, A. Sancar, D.M. Edgar, and P. Franken A role for cryptochromes in sleep regulation BMC Neurosci. 3 2002 20
96. J.P. Wisor, R.K. Pasumarthi, D. Gerashchenko, C.L. Thompson, S. Pathak, A. Sancar, P. Franken, E.S. Lein, and T.S. Kilduff Sleep deprivation effects on circadian clock gene expression in the cerebral cortex parallel electroencephalographic differences among mouse strains J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci. 28 2008 7193 7201
97. J. Wood, B. Birmaher, D. Axelson, M. Ehmann, C. Kalas, K. Monk, S. Turkin, D.J. Kupfer, D. Brent, T.H. Monk, and V.L. Nimgainkar Replicable differences in preferred circadian phase between bipolar disorder patients and control individuals Psychiatry Res. 166 2009 201 209
98. S. Yang, H.P. Van Dongen, K. Wang, W. Berrettini, and M. Bucan Assessment of circadian function in fibroblasts of patients with bipolar disorder Mol. Psychiatry 14 2009 143 155
99. M.E. Young, R.A. Brewer, R.A. Peliciari-Garcia, H.E. Collins, L. He, T.L. Birky, B.W. Peden, E.G. Thompson, B.J. Ammons, M.S. Bray, J.C. Chatham, A.R. Wende, Q. Yang, C.W. Chow, T.A. Martino, and K.L. Gamble Cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 plays critical roles in metabolism, signaling, and maintenance of contractile function of the heart J. Biol. Rhythm. 29 2014 257 276