Adapting free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) to local contexts in REDD+: Lessons from three experiments in Vietnam

Forests

Volumn 6, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 2405-2423

  Pham, Thuy Thu ^a   Castella, Jean Christophe ^b   Lestrelin, Guillaume ^b   Mertz, Ole ^c   Le, Dung Ngoc ^a   Moeliono, Moira ^d   Nguyen, Tan Quang ^e   Vu, Hien Thi ^f   Nguyen, Tien Dinh ^g  

^a Center for International Forestry Research   (Viet Nam)

^b French Research Institute for Development (IRD)   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^d CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH   (Indonesia)

^e The Center for People and Forests   (Viet Nam)

^f Cau Giay Agriculture Bank Block   (Viet Nam)

^g VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE   (Viet Nam)

Author keywords

Citizen rights; Empowerment; FPIC; Participation; REDD+; Vietnam

Indexed keywords

CARBON; DEFORESTATION; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; LAWS AND LEGISLATION;

CITIZEN RIGHTS; EMPOWERMENT; FPIC; PARTICIPATION; REDD; VIET NAM;

FORESTRY;

DEMOCRACY; EMPOWERMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY POLICY; HUMAN RIGHTS; STRATEGIC APPROACH;

EMISSION; FORESTS; VIETNAM;

VIET NAM;

EID: 84938574338     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19994907     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/f6072405     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Caney, S. Climate change, human rights and moral thresholds. In Human rights and Climate Change; Humphreys, S., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2010; pp. 69-91.
2. Roth-Arriaza, N. "First, do no harm": Human rights and efforts to combat climate change. Ga. J. Int. Comp. Law 2010, 38, 593-612.
3. Mustalahti, I.; Rakotonarivo, O.S. REDD+ and empowered deliberative democracy: Learning from Tanzania. World Dev. 2010, 59, 199-211.
4. Phelps, J.; Webb, L.E.; Agrawal, A. Does REDD+ threaten to recentralize forest governance? Science 2010, 328, 312-313.
5. Jagger, P.; Lawlor, K.; Brockhaus, M.; Gebara, M.F.; Sonwa, D.; Resosudarmo, I.A.P. REDD+ safeguards in national policy discourse and pilot projects. In Analysing REDD+: Challenges and Choices; Angelsen, A., Brockhaus, M., Sunderlin, W.D., Verchot, L.V., Eds.; Center for International Forestry Research: Bogor, Indonesia, 2012.
6. Ribot, J.; Larson, A.M. Reducing REDD risks: Affirmative policy on an uneven playing field. Int. J. Commons. 2012, 6, 233-254.
7. McDermott, C.L.; Coad, L.; Helfgott, A.; Schroeder, H. Operationalizing social safeguards in REDD+: Actors, interests and ideas. Environ. Sci. Policy 2012, 21, 63-72.
8. Humphreys, S. Introduction: Human rights and climate change. In Human Rights and Climate Change; Humphreys, S., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2010; pp. 1-134.
9. Angelsen, A.; Brockhaus, M.; Sunderlin, W.D.; Verchot, L.V. Analysing REDD+: Challenges and Choices; Center for International Forestry Research: Bogor, Indonesia, 2012.
10. Lyster, R. REDD+, transparency, participation and resource rights: The role of law. Environ. Sci. Policy 2011, 14, 118-126.
11. Mertz, O.; Müller, D.; Sikor, T.; Hett, C.; Heinimann, A.; Castella, J.C.; Lestrelin, G.; Ryan, C.M.; Reay, D.S.; Schmidt-Vogt, D.; et al. The forgotten D: Challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+. Geogr. Tidsskr. 2012, 112, 63-76.
12. UN Secretary General. Road Map towards the Implementation of the United Nations Millenium Declaration; UN Doc. A/56/326; UN Secretary General: New York, NY, USA, 2001.
13. Ward, T. The Right to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent: Indigenous Peoples' Participation Rights within International Law. Available online: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol10/iss2/2 (accessed on 31 May 2015).
14. Own, R.J.; Kemp, D. "Free prior and informed consent", social complexity and the mining industry: Establishing a knowledge base. Resour. Policy 2014, 41, 91-100.
15. UN-REDD. Guidelines on Free, Prior and Informed Consent; UN-REDD Programme: Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
16. United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII). Report on the Seventh Session; UN Doc. E/2008/43.E/C.19/2008/13; UNPFII: New York, NY, USA, 2005.
17. RECOFTC (The Center for People and Forests). Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in REDD+. 2012. Available online: http://www.recoftc.org/site/resources/FPIC-in-REDD-/(accessed on 31 May 2014).
18. Baker, S. Why the IFC's free, prior, and informed consent policy does not matter (yet) to indigenous communities affected by development projects. Wis. Int. Law J. 2012, 3, 668-705.
19. Anderson, P. Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in REDD+: Principles and Approaches for Policy and Project Management; The Center for People and Forests: Bangkok, Thailand, 2011.
20. Esteves, M.A.; Franks, D.; Vanclay, F. Social impact assessment: The state of the art. IAPA 2012, 30, 34-42.
21. Colchester, M.; Ferrari, M.F. Making FPIC Work: Challenges and Prospects for Indigenous Peoples; FPIC Working Papers; Forest Peoples Programme: Moreton-in-Marsh, UK, 2007.
22. Hanna, P.; Vanclay, F. Human rights, indigenous peoples and the concept of free, prior and informed consent. IAPA 2013, 31, 146-157.
23. Inman, D.; Smis, S.; Cambou, D. We will remain idle no more: The shortcomings of Canada's "Duty to Consult" Indigenous Peoples. GoJIL 2013, 1, 251-285.
24. Motoc, A. Standard-Setting: Legal Commentary on the Concept of Free, Prior and Informed Consent. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Session of the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-22 July 2005.
25. UN-REDD. FPIC for REDD+ in the Asia Pacific Region: Lessons Learned, Challenges and Recommendations; UN-REDD Programme: Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
26. World Bank. OP 4.10-Indigenous Peoples. 2005. Available online: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTOPMANUAL/0, contentMDK:20553653~menuPK:4564185~pagePK:64709096~piPK:64709108~theSitePK:502184,00.html (accessed on 31 May 2015).
27. Mahanty, S.; McDermott, C.L. How does "Free, Prior and Informed Consent" (FPIC) impact social equity? Lessons from mining and forestry and their implications for REDD+. Land Use Policy 2013, 31, 406-416.
28. Szablowski, D. Operationalizing free, prior, and informed consent in the extractive industry sector? Examining the challenges of a negotiated model of justice. Rev. Can. études Dév. 2010, 30, 111-130.
29. Rodríguez-Garavito, R.C. Ethnicity.gov: Global governance, indigenous peoples, and the right to prior consultation in social minefields. Ind. J. Glob. Leg. Stud. 2011, 18, 263-305.
30. Doyle, G. Indigenous peoples and the Millennium Development Goals: "Sacrificial lambs" or equal beneficiaries? Int. J. Hum. Rights 2009, 13, 44-47.
31. Thompson, M.C.; Baruah, M.; Carr, E.R. Seeing REDD+ as a project of environmental governance. Environ. Sci. Policy 2011, 14, 100-110.
32. Forrester, J.M.; Hicks, K.; Kuylenstierna, J.C.I.; Simon, J.; Snell, C.J.; Chadwick, M.; Schwela, D.H.; Emberson, L.D. Governance of Air Quality and Stakeholder Engagement. In Governing the Air: Science-Policy-Citizens Dynamics in International Environmental Governance; Lidskog, R., Sudqvist, G., Eds.; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2011.
33. Nijar, G.S. Traditional Knowledge Systems, International Law and National Challenges: Marginalization or Emancipation? Eur. J. Int. Law 2013, 24, 1205-1221.
34. Engle, L.K. On Fragile Architecture: The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Human Rights [Symposium: The Human Dimension of International Cultural Heritage Law]. Eur. J. Int. Law 2011, 22, 141-163.
35. Barelli, M. Shaping Indigenous Self-Determination: Promising or Unsatisfactory Solutions? Int. Community Law Rev. 2011, 13, 413-436.
36. Cowan, A. UNDRIP and the intervention: Indigenous self-determination, participation, and racial discrimination in the northern territory of Australia. Pac. Rim Law Policy J. 2013, 22, 247-310.
37. ClientEarth; World Resources Institute. Lessons from International and Regional Instruments; A Submission to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice (SBSTA); ClientEarth: London, UK; World Resources Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
38. Savaresi, A. REDD+ and Human Rights: Addressing Synergies between International Regimes. Ecol. Soc. 2013, 18, doi:10.5751/ES-05549-180305.
39. UN-REDD Programme and Vietnam Administration of Forestry (VNFOREST). Guidelines on Application of FPIC in REDD+ Preparation and Implementation in Vietnam; UN-REDD Program: Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014.
40. Nhan Dan Newspaper. Human Rights for the Development of Ethnic Minority Groups. Nhan Dan Newspaper: 2013. Available online: http://www.nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/binh-luan-phe-phan/item/21890602-nhan-quyen-vi-su-phat-trien-cua-cac-dan-toc-thieu-so.html (accessed on 31 May 2015).
41. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA). The Indigenous World: Vietnam. 2012. Available online: http://www.iwgia.org/images/stories/sections/regions/asia/documents/IW2012/vietnam_iw_2012.pdf (accessed on 31 May 2015).
42. Frehner, W. Hintergrundinformationen zu Vietnam (Background Information in Vietnam). 2007. Available online: http://www.kas.de/proj/home/home/72/1/index.html (accessed on 31 May 2015).
43. Ha, K.N. Vietnam Revisited-Demokratisierung, Nationale Identität und Adoleszente Arbeitsmigration (Vietnam Revisited-Democratization, National Identity and Adolescent Labor Migration); Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin: Berlin, Germany, 2005.
44. Nguyen, H.T.N. The Roles of Civil Society Organizations in Enhancing Grassroots Democracy in Vietnam; International Institute of Social Studies: The Hague, The Netherlands, 2012.
45. Pham, T.T.; DiGregorio, M.; Carmenta, R.; Brockhaus, M.; Le, N.D. The REDD+ policy arena in Vietnam: Participation of policy actors. Ecol. Soc. 2014, 19, doi:10.5751/ES-06389-190222.
46. Aschhoff, N. What Role Can Local NGOs Play to Support Grassroots Democracy in Vietnam? The Example of the Vietnamese NGO CRP. 2008. Available online: http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_14689-544-2-30.pdf (accessed on 31 May 2015).
47. Norlund, I.; Dang, N.B.; Bach, T.S.; Chu, D.; Dang, N.Q.; Do, B.D.; Nguyen, M.C.; Tang, T.C.; Vu, C.M. The Emerging Civil Society: An Initial Assessment of Civil Society in Vietnam; CIVICUS Civil Society Index Shortened Assessment Tool CSI-SAT Vietnam; Civicus Civil Society Index Shorterned Assessment; Vietnam Institute of Development Studies; UNDP Vietnam; SNV Vietnam; CIVICUS Civil Society Index; Vietnam Institute of Development Studies: Hanoi, Vietnam, 2006.
48. Duong, M.N. Grassroots Democracy in Vietnamese Communes; Research Paper; The Centre for Democratic Institutions; Research School of Social Sciences; Australian National University: Canberra, Australia, 2004.
49. Wischermann, J. Ein Land Zwischen Sozialismus und Kapitalismus-Wohin Steuert Vietnam (A Country between Socialism and Capitalism-Where Controls Vietnam?); Deutsch-Vietnamesische Gesellschaft: Berlin, Germany, 1994.
50. Nguyen, H.H.; Hoang, M.H. Improvenments of grassroot democracy implementation to ensure human rights in Vietnam. Soc. Scie. Inf. Rev. 2012, 6, 35-43.
51. Bourgoin, J.; Castella, J.C.; Hett, C.; Lestrelin, G.; Heinimann, A. Engaging local communities in low emissions land use planning: A case study in Laos. Ecol. Soc. 2013, 18, doi:10.5751/ES-05362-180209.
52. Nguyen, Q.T.; Luong, T.T.; Nguyen, T.H.V.; K'Tip. Evaluation and Verification of the Free, Prior and Informed Consent Process under the UN-REDD Programme in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam; The Center for People and Forests: Bangkok, Thailand, 2010.
53. Nerlich, B.N.; Koteyko, N.; Brown, B. Theory and language of climate change communication. WIRES Clim. Chang. 2010, 1, 97-110.
54. Shackley, S.; Wynne, B. Global warming potentials: Ambiguity or precision as an aid to policy? Clim. Res. 1997, 8, 89-106.
55. Thaler, R.; Sunsteen, C. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness; Yale University Press: New Haven, CN, USA, 2008.
56. Keen, M.; Brown, V.A.; Dyball, R. Social Learning in Environmental Management: Towards a Sustainable Future; Earthscan: London, UK, 2005.
57. Reed, M.S.; Evely, A.C.; Cundill, G.; Fazey, I.; Glass, J.; Laing, A.; Stringer, L.C. What is social learning? Ecol. Soc. 2010, 15, 1.
58. Boyle, T. Application of free prior informed consent in the UN-REDD Programme: Experiences from Vietnam. In Proceedings of the UN-REDD FPIC Workshop, Arusha, Tanzania, 24-27 January 2011.
59. Gebara, M.F. Importance of local participation in achieving equity in benefit-sharing mechanisms for REDD+: A case study from the Juma Sustainable Development Reserve. IJC 2013, 7, 473-497.
60. Griffiths, T. Seeing "REDD"? Forests, Climate Change Mitigation and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities; Forest Peoples Programme: Moreton-in-Marsh, UK, 2008.
61. Peskett, L.; Huberman, D.; Bowen-Jones, E.; Edwards, G.; Brown, J. Making REDD Work for the Poor. Prepared on Behalf of the Poverty Environment Partnership; Overseas Development Institute: London, UK, 2008.
62. Lawlor, K.; Madeira, E.M.; Blockhus, J.; Ganz, D.J. Community Participation and Benefits in REDD+: A Review of Initial Outcomes and Lessons. Forests 2013, 4, 296-318.
63. Hajek, F.; Scriven, J.; Castro, A.; Ventresca, M.J. Regime Building for REDD+: Evidence on Anatomy and Proximate Outcomes from a Cluster of Local Initiatives in South-Eastern Peru. Environ. Sci. Policy 2011, 14, 201-215.
64. Campese, J.; Sunderland, T.; Greiber, T.; Oviedo, G. Rights-Based Approaches: Exploring Issues and Opportunities for Conservation; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): Bogor, Indonesia, 2009.