Philosophy of race meets population genetics

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C :Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences

Volumn 52, Issue , 2015, Pages 46-55

  Spencer, Quayshawn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological racial realism; Population genetics; Population structure; Race

Indexed keywords

ANCESTRY GROUP; GENETIC VARIATION; GENETICS; HUMAN; PHILOSOPHY; POPULATION GENETICS;

CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; GENETIC VARIATION; GENETICS, POPULATION; HUMANS; PHILOSOPHY;

EID: 84938414718     PISSN: 13698486     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Alcoff L.M. Visible identities: Race, gender, and the self 2006, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
2. Andreasen R.O. Anew perspective on the race debate. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 1998, 49(2):199-225.
3. Andreasen R.O. The cladistic race concept: a defense. Biology and Philosophy 2004, 425-442.
4. Appiah K.A. Race, culture, identity, misunderstood connections. Color conscious 1996, 30-105. Princeton University Press, Princeton. A. Gutmann, K.A. Appiah (Eds.).
5. Bamshad M., Wooding S., Watkins W., Ostler C., Batzer M., Jorde L. Human population genetic structure and inference of group membership. American Journal of Human Genetics 2003, 72:578-589.
6. Bastos-Rodriguez L., Pimenta J., Pena S. The genetic structure of human populations studied through short insertion-deletion. Annals of Human Genetics 2006, 70:658-665.
7. Beleza S., Campos J., Lopes J., Araújo I.I., Almada A.H., e Silva A.C., et al. The admixture structure and genetic variation of the archipelago of cape verde and its implications for admixture mapping studies. PLoS One 2012, 7(11):1-12. e51103.
8. Blum L. I'm not a racist but...: The moral quandary of race 2002, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
9. Boxill B. Why we should not think of ourselves as divided by race. Racism in mind 2004, 209-224. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. M.L. Pataki (Ed.).
10. Bryc K., Velez C., Karafet T., Moreno-Estrada A., Reynolds A., Auton A., et al. Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture among hispanic/latino populations. Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences 2010, 107:8954-8961.
11. Burchard E., Ziv E., Coyle N., Gomez S., Tang H., Karter A., et al. The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. The New England Journal of Medicine 2003, 348(12):1170-1175.
12. Cavalli-Sforza L. The human genome diversity project: past, present, and future. Nature Genetics 2005, 6:333-340.
13. Cavalli-Sforza L., Feldman M. The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution. Nature Genetics 2003, 33:266-275.
14. Cavalli-Sforza L., Menozzi P., Piazza A. The history and geography of human genes 1994, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
15. Citrin J., Levy M., Van Houweling R. Americans fill out president Obama's census form: What is his race?. Social Science Quarterly 2014, 10.1111/ssqu.12105.
16. Compton E., Bentley M., Ennis S., Rastogi S. 2010 census race and hispanic origin alternative questionnaire experiment 2013, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
17. Conrad D., Jakobsson M., Coop G., Wen X., Wall J., Rosenberg N., et al. Aworldwide survey of haplotype variation and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nature Genetics 2006, 38(11):1251-1260.
18. Corlett J.A. Race, racism, and reparations 2003, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
19. Feldman M., Lewontin R. Race, ancestry, and medicine. Revisiting race in a genomic age 2008, 89-101. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. S.L.B.A. Koenig (Ed.).
20. Friedlaender J., Friedlaender F., Reed F., Kidd K., Kidd J., Chambers G., et al. The genetic structure of pacific islanders. PLoS Genetics 2008, 4(1):173-190.
21. Gannett L. The biological reification of race. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 2004, 55(2):323-345.
22. Gates H.L. Black in Latin America 2011, NYU Press, New York.
23. Glasgow J. Atheory of race 2009, Routledge, New York.
24. Glasgow J., Shulman J., Covarrubias E. The ordinary conception of race in the United States and its relation to racial attitudes: a new approach. Journal of Cognition and Culture 2009, 9:15-38.
25. Graves J.L. The race myth: Why we pretend race exists in America 2004, Penguin, New York.
26. Guo G., Fu Y., Lee H., Cai T., Harris K., Li Y. Genetic bio-ancestry and social construction of racial classification in social surveys in the contemporary United States. Demography 2014, 51(1):141-172.
27. Hardimon M. The ordinary concept of race. The Journal of Philosophy 2003, C(9):437-455.
28. Hardimon M. The idea of a scientific concept of race. Journal of Philosophical Research 2012, 37:249-282.
29. Hardimon M. Race concepts in medicine. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2013, 38:6-31.
30. Hartl D., Clark A. Principles of population genetics: Fourth edition 2007, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
31. Haslanger S. Resisting reality 2012, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
32. Hixson L., Hepler B., Kim M. The native hawaiian and other Pacific islander population: 2010, 2010 census briefs 2012, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, D.C.
33. Hochman A. Against the new racial naturalism. The Journal of Philosophy 2013, CX(6):331-351.
34. Hochman A. Unnaturalised racial naturalism. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2014, 46:79-87.
35. Jablonski N., Chaplin G. The evolution of human skin coloration. Journal of Human Evolution 2000, 39:57-106.
36. Jablonski N., Chaplin G. Human skin pigmentation as an adaptation to UV radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010, 107(2):8962-8968.
37. Jakobsson M., Scholz S., Scheet P., Gibbs J., VanLiere J., Fung H., et al. Genotype, haplotype and copy-number variation in worldwide human populations. Nature 2008, 451(7181):998-1003.
38. Kalinowski S. The computer program structure does not reliably identify the main genetic clusters within species: simulations and implications for human population structure. Heredity 2011, 106:625-632.
39. Kaplan J. When socially determined categories make biological realities: understanding black/white health disparities in the U.S. The Monist 2010, 93(2):281-297.
40. Kaplan J., Winther R. Prisoners of abstraction? The theory and measure of genetic variation, and the very concept of "Race". Biological Theory 2013, 7(1):401-412.
41. Kaplan J., Winther R. Realism, antirealism, and conventionalism about race. Philosophy of Science 2014, 81(5):1039-1052.
42. Kendig C. Race as a physiosocial phenomenon. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 2011, 33(2):191-221.
43. Kenny E., Timpson N., Sikora M., Yee M., Moreno-Estrada A., Eng C., et al. Melanesian blond hair is caused by an amino acid change in TYRP1. Science 2012, 336:554.
44. Kim S., Gignoux C., Wall J., Lum-Jones A., Wang H., Haiman C., et al. Population genetic structure and origin of native hawaiians in the multiethnic cohort study. PLoS One 2011, 7(11):1-10. e47881.
45. Kitcher P. Race, ethnicity, biology, culture. Racism: Key concepts in critical theory 1999, 87-117. Humanity Books, Amherst. L. Harris (Ed.).
46. Lewontin R. The apportionment of human diversity. Evolutionary Biology 1972, 6:381-398.
47. Li J., Absher D., Tang H., Southwick A., Casto A., Ramachandran S., et al. Worldwide human relationships inferred from genome-wide patterns of variation. Science 2008, 319:1100-1104.
48. Maglo K. The case against biological realism about race: from darwin to the post-genomic era. Perspectives on Science 2011, 19(4):361-390.
49. Mallon R. 'Race': normative, not metaphysical or semantic. Ethics 2006, 116:525-551.
50. McEvoy B., Lind J., Wang E.T., Moyzis R.K., Visscher P.M., van Holst Pellekaan S.M., et al. Whole-genome genetic diversity in a sample of australians with deep aboriginal ancestry. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2010, 87:297-305.
51. Mills C. Blackness visible: Essays on philosophy and race 1998, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
52. Millstein R. The concepts of population and metapopulation in evolutionary biology and ecology. Evolution since darwin: The first 150 years 2010, 61-86. Sinauer, Sunderland. M. Bell, D. Futuyma, W. Eanes, J. Levinton (Eds.).
53. Millstein R. Thinking about populations and races in time. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2015, 52:5-11.
54. Morning A. The nature of race: How scientists think and teach about human difference 2011, The University of California Press, Berkeley.
55. Mosley A. Negritude, nationalism, and nativism: racists or racialists?. Racism: Key concepts in critical theory 1999, 74-86. Humanity Books, Amherst. L. Harris (Ed.).
56. Outlaw L. Toward a critical theory of race. Anatomy of racism 1990, 58-82. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. D. Goldberg (Ed.).
57. Outlaw L. On race and philosophy 1996, Routledge, London.
58. Pemberton T., DeGiorgio M., Rosenberg N. Population structure in a comprehensive genomic data set on human microsatellite variation. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics 2013, 3(5):891-907.
59. Perry J. Reference and reflexivity 2001, CSLI Publications, Stanford.
60. Pritchard J., Stephens M., Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 2000, 155:945-959.
61. Ramachandran S., Rosenberg N., Zhivotovsky L.A., Feldman M. Robustness of the inference of human population structure: a comparison of X-chromosomal and autosomal microsatellites. Human Genomics 2004, 1(2):87-97.
62. Rastogi S., Johnson T., Hoeffel E., Drewery M. The black population: 2010, 2010 census briefs 2011, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
63. Risch N., Burchard E., Ziv E., Tang H. Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease. Genome Biology 2002, 1-12.
64. Roberts D. Fatal invention: How science, politics, and big business re-create race in the twenty-first century 2011, The New Press, New York.
65. Rosenberg N. Apopulation-genetic perspective on the similarities and differences among worldwide human populations. Human Biology 2011, 83(6):659-684.
66. Rosenberg N., Mahajan S., Ramachandran S., Zhao C., Pritchard J.K., Feldman M. Clines, clusters, and the effect of study design on the inference of human population structure. PLoS Genetics 2005, 1(6):660-671.
67. Rosenberg N., Pritchard J., Weber J.L., Cann H.M., Kidd K.K., Zhivotovsky L.A., et al. Genetic structure of human populations. Science 2002, 298(5602):2381-2385.
68. Sarich V., Miele F. Race: The reality of human differences 2004, Westview Press, Boulder.
69. Serre D., Pääbo S. Evidence for gradients of human genetic diversity within and among continents. Genome Research 2004, 14:1679-1685.
70. Sesardic N. Confusions about race: a new installment. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2013, 44(3):287-293.
71. Spencer Q. What 'biological racial realism' should mean. Philosophical Studies 2012, 159(2):181-204.
72. Spencer Q. Aradical solution to the race problem. Philosophy of Science 2014, 81(5):1025-1038.
73. Stubblefield A. Ethics along the color line 2005, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
74. Sundstrom R. Race as a human kind. Philosophy & Social Criticism 2002, 91-115.
75. Tang H., Peng J., Wang P., Risch N. Estimation of individual admixture: analytical and study design considerations. Genetic Epidemiology 2005, 28:289-301.
76. Tang H., Quertermous T., Rodriguez B., Kardia S.L.R., Zhu X., Brown A., et al. Genetic structure, self-identified race/ethnicity, and confounding in case-control association studies. American Journal of Human Genetics 2005, 76(2):268-275.
77. Taylor P. Race: A philosophical introduction, second edition 2013, Polity Press, Cambridge.
78. Templeton A.R. Biological races in humans. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2013, 44(3):262-271.
79. Tishkoff S., Kidd K. Implications of biogeography of human populations for 'race' and medicine. Nature Genetics 2004, 36(11):S21-S27.
80. Tishkoff S., Reed F., Friedlaender F.R., Ehret C., Ranciaro A., Froment A., et al. The genetic structure and history of africans and african americans. Science 2009, 324:1035-1044.
81. USCB. American community survey & puerto rico community survey 2010 code lists 2010, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
82. Wang S., Lewis C., Jakobsson M., Ramachandran S., Ray N., Bedoya G., et al. Genetic variation and population structure in native americans. PLoS Genetics 2007, 3(11):2049-2067. e185.
83. Weiss K., Long J. Non-darwinian estimation: my ancestors, my genes' ancestors. Genome Research 2009, 19:703-710.
84. Winther R. The genetic reification of "Race"? A story of two mathematical methods. Critical Philosophy of Race 2014, 2(2):204-223.
85. Winther R., Giordano R., Edge M., Nielsen R. The mind, the lab, and the field: three kinds of populations in scientific practice. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2015, 52:12-21.
86. Xing J., Watkins W., Shlien A., Walker E., Huff C., Witherspoon D., et al. Toward a more uniform sampling of human genetic diversity: a survey of worldwide populations by high-density genotyping. Genomics 2010, 96(4):199-210.
87. Zack N. Race and mixed race 1993, Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
88. Zack N. Race and philosophical meaning. APA Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience 1994, 94(1):14-20.
89. Zack N. Philosophy of science and race 2002, Routledge, New York.
90. Zadeh L. Fuzzy sets. Information and Control 1965, 8:338-353.
91. Zhivotovsky L., Rosenberg N., Feldman M. Features of evolution and expansion of modern humans, inferred from genomewide microsatellite markers. American Journal of Human Genetics 2003, 72:1171-1186.
92. Zimmermann H. Fuzzy set theory and its applications: Fourth edition 2012, Springer, New Delhi.