Against the new racial naturalism

Journal of Philosophy

Volumn 110, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 331-351

  Hochman, Adam ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886911805     PISSN: 0022362X     EISSN: 19398549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5840/jphil2013110625     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. The UNESCO Statements had this effect despite the fact that they rejected racist science, but not the concept of race, which was reconceptualized in population genetic terms. For both the 1950 and 1951 statements, see The Race Concept: Results of an Inquiry (Paris: UNESCO, 1952).
2. Richard Lewontin, "The Apportionment of Human Diversity", in Theodosius Dobzhansky, Max K. Hecht, and William C. Steere, eds., Evolutionary Biology, Volume 6 (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972), pp. 381-98.
3. Jeffry B. Mitton, "Genetic Differentiation of Races of Man as Judged by Single-Locus and Multilocus Analyses", The American Naturalist, CXI, 978(March-April 1977):203-12.
4. A W. F. Edwards, "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy", Bioessays, XXV, 8(August 2003):798-801.
5. This was pointed out by Neven Sesardic in his "Race: A Social Destruction of a Biological Concept", Biology and Philosophy, XXV, 2(March 2010):143-62.
6. Noah A. Rosenberg et al., "Genetic Structure of Human Populations", Science, CCXCVIII, 5602(Dec. 20, 2002):2381-85.
7. Henry Harpending, review of Taboo: Why Black Athletes Dominate Sports and Why We're Afraid to Talk About It
8. by Jon Entine, Population and Environment, XXII, 1(September 2000):83-89.
9. Robin O. Andreasen, "The Cladistic Race Concept: A Defense", Biology and Philosophy, XIX, 3(June 2004):425-42.
10. Philip Kitcher, "Race, Ethnicity, Biology, Culture", in Leonard Harris, ed., Racism (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1999), pp. 87-117. Kitcher now rejects this account of race in favor of a pragmatist approach.
11. See his "Does 'Race' Have a Future?" Philosophy and Public Affairs, XXXV, 4(Autumn 2007):293-317.
12. Massimo Pigliucci and Jonathan Kaplan, "On the Concept of Biological Race and Its Applicability to Humans", Philosophy of Science, LXX, 5(December 2003):1161-72.
13. Coined by Ian Hacking in "Why Race Still Matters", Dædalus, CXXXIV, 1(Winter 2005):102-16.
14. Edward O. Wilson and William L. Brown, Jr., "The Subspecies Concept and Its Taxonomic Application", Systematic Zoology, II, 3(September 1953):97-111, at p. 100.
15. Robert M. Zink, "The Role of Subspecies in Obscuring Avian Biological Diversity and Misleading Conservation Policy", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, CCLXXI, 1539(Mar. 22, 2004):561-64, at p. 561.
16. See, for example, Kevin de Queiroz and David A Good, "Phenetic Clustering in Biology: A Critique", The Quarterly Review of Biology, LXXII, 1(March 1997):3-30.
17. Daniel G. Mulcahy, "Phylogeography and Species Boundaries of the Western North American Nightsnake (Hypsiglena Torquata): Revisiting the Subspecies Concept", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, XLVI, 3(March 2008):1095-115, at p. 1095.
18. Guido Barbujani, "Human Races: Classifying People vs Understanding Diversity", Current Genomics, VI, 4(June 2005):215-26, at p. 215.
19. Lisa Gannett, "Questions Asked and Unasked: How by Worrying Less about the 'Really Real' Philosophers of Science Might Better Contribute to Debates about Genetics and Race", Synthese, CLXXVII, 3(December 2010):363-85, at p. 375.
20. Kitcher, "Does 'Race' Have a Future?" p. 299.
21. See Stephen Ousley, Richard Jantz, and Donna Freid, "Understanding Race and Human Variation: Why Forensic Anthropologists Are Good at Identifying Race", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, CXXXIX, 1(May 2009):68-76.
22. See Barbujani et al., "An Apportionment of Human DNA Diversity", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, XCIV, 9(April 1997):4516-19;
23. L. B. Jorde et al., "The Distribution of Human Genetic Diversity: A Comparison of Mitochondrial, Autosomal, and Y-Chromosome Data", The American Journal of Human Genetics, LXVI, 3(March 2000):979-88;
24. See Neil Risch et al., "Categorization of Humans in Biomedical Research: Genes, Race and Disease", Genome Biology, iii, 7(2002):1-12, at p. 3.
25. See Barbujani, "Human Races: Classifying People vs Understanding Diversity."
26. See Sewall Wright, Evolution and the Genetics of Populations, Volume 4: Variability within and among Natural Populations (Chicago: University Press, 1984);
27. Alan R. Templeton, "Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective", American Anthropologist, C, 3(September 1998):632-50;
28. Rick A. Kittles and Kenneth M. Weiss, "Race, Ancestry, and Genes: Implications for Defining Disease Risk", Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, IV, 1(September 2003):33-67.
29. Jonathan K. Pritchard, Matthew Stephens, and Peter Donnelly, "Inference of Population Structure Using Multilocus Genotype Data", Genetics, CLV, 2(June 2000):945-59.
30. See also Jorde and Stephen P. Wooding, "Genetic Variation, Classification and 'Race'", Nature Genetics, XXXVI, 11 S (November 2004): S28-S33.
31. See Rosenberg et al., "Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure", PLoS Genetics, I, 6(December 2005):660-71;
32. Lori J. Lawson Handley et al., "Going the Distance: Human Population Genetics in a Clinal World", TRENDS in Genetics, XXIII, 9(September 2007):432-39.
33. Kitcher, "Does 'Race' Have a Future?" for arguments against this view.
34. Rosenberg et al., "Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure", p. 669.
35. Armand Marie Leroi, "A Family Tree in Every Gene", Journal of Genetics, LXXXIV, 1(April 2005):3-6, at p. 4.
36. David Serre and Svante Pääbo, "Evidence for Gradients of Human Genetic Diversity Within and Among Continents", Genome Research, XIV, 9(September 2004):1679-85.
37. See Sarah A. Tishkoff and Scott M. Williams, "Genetic Analysis of African Populations: Human Evolution and Complex Disease", Nature Reviews Genetics, III, 8(August 2002):611-21.
38. Ning Yu et al., "Larger Genetic Differences Within Africans Than Between Africans and Eurasians", Genetics, CLXI, 1(May 2002):269-74.
39. Tishkoff et al., "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans", Science, CCCXXIV, 5930(May 22, 2009):1035-44.
40. Hua Tang et al., "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies", The American Journal of Human Genetics, LXXVI, 2(February 2005):268-75.
41. Robert S. Schwartz, "Racial Profiling in Medical Research", New England Journal of Medicine, CCCXLIV, 18(May 3, 2001):1392-93.
42. For a detailed response to Sesardic's attempt to revive naturalism see Adam Hochman, "Racial Discrimination: How Not to Do It", Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, XLIV, 3(Aug. 3, 2013):278-86.