What Counts as a Developmental Sequence? Exemplar-Based L2 Learning of English Questions

Language Learning

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 33-62

  Eskildsen, Søren W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

English question formation; Exemplar based learning; Longitudinal research; Second language acquisition; Usage based linguistics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84938355983     PISSN: 00238333     EISSN: 14679922     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/lang.12090     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Achard, M. (2007). Usage-based semantics: Meaning and distribution of three French "breaking" verbs. In M. Nenonen & S. Niemi (Eds.), Collocations and idioms 1: Papers from the First Nordic Conference on Syntactic Freezes, Joensuu, May 19-20 (pp. 1-13). Joensuu, Finland: Joensuu University Press.
2. Brandt, S., Verhagen, A., Lieven, E., & Tomasello, M. (2011). German children's productivity with simple transitive and complement-clause constructions: Testing the effects of frequency and variability. Cognitive Linguistics, 22, 325-357.
3. Brouwer, C. E. (2003). Word searches in NS-NNS interaction: Opportunities for learning? Modern Language Journal, 87, 534-545.
4. Cancino, H., Rosansky, E. J., & Schumann, J. H. (1978). The acquisition of English negatives and interrogatives by native Spanish speakers. In E. M. Hatch (Ed.), Second language acquisition: A book of readings (pp. 207-230). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
5. Cazden, C. B., Cancino, H., Rosansky, E., & Schumann, J. (1975). Second language acquisition sequences in children, adolescents and adults. Final report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
6. Croft, W., & Cruse, A. (2004). Cognitive linguistics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
7. Dabrowska, E., & Lieven, E. (2005). Towards a lexically specific grammar of children's question constructions. Cognitive Linguistics, 16, 437-474.
8. Ellis, N. C. (2002). Frequency effects in language processing-a review with implications for theories of implicit and explicit language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24, 143-188.
9. Ellis, N. C., & Cadierno, T. (2009). Constructing a second language: Introduction to the special section. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 7, 111-139.
10. Ellis, N. C., & Collins, L. (2009). Input and second language acquisition: The roles of frequency, form, and function. Modern Language Journal, 93, 329-335.
11. Ellis, N. C., O'Donnell, M. B., & Römer, U. (2013). Usage-based language: Investigating the latent structures that underpin acquisition. Language Learning, 63(Supp. 1), 25-51.
12. Ellis, N. C., & Ferreira-Junior, F. (2009a). Construction learning as a function of frequency, frequency distribution, and function. Modern Language Journal, 93, 370-385.
13. Ellis, N. C., & Ferreira-Junior, F. (2009b). Constructions and their acquisition: Islands and the distinctiveness of their occupancy. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 7, 187-220.
14. Eskildsen, S. W. (2009). Constructing another language-Usage-based linguistics in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 30, 335-357.
15. Eskildsen, S. W. (2011). The L2 inventory in action: Conversation analysis and usage-based linguistics in SLA. In G. Pallotti & J. Wagner (Eds.), L2 learning as social practice: Conversation-analytic perspectives (pp. 337-373). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
16. Eskildsen, S. W. (2012). Negation constructions at work. Language Learning, 62, 335-372.
17. Eskildsen, S. W. (2014). What's new? A usage-based classroom study of linguistic routines and creativity in L2 learning. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 52, 1-30.
18. Eskildsen, S. W. (forthcoming). Usage-based L2 learning: The construction of linguistic and interactional resources in a L2. New York: Routledge.
19. Eskildsen, S. W., & Cadierno, T. (2007). Are recurring multi-word expressions really syntactic freezes? Second language acquisition from the perspective of usage-based linguistics. In M. Nenonen & S. Niemi (Eds.), Collocations and idioms 1: Papers from the First Nordic Conference on Syntactic Freezes, Joensuu, May 19-20 (pp. 86-99). Joensuu, Finland: Joensuu University Press.
20. Eskildsen, S. W., Cadierno, T., & Li, P. (forthcoming). On the development of motion in four learners of English L2. In T. Cadierno & S. W. Eskildsen (Eds.), Usage-based approaches to L2 learning. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.
21. Eskildsen, S. W., & Wagner, J. (2013). Recurring and shared gestures in the L2 classroom: Resources for teaching and learning. European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1, 139-161.
22. Eskildsen, S. W., & Wagner, J. (2015). Embodied L2 construction learning. Language Learning, 65.
23. Felix, S. W. (1981). The effect of formal instruction on second language acquisition. Language Learning, 31, 87-112.
24. Goldberg, A. (2003). Constructions: A new theoretical approach to language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 219-224.
25. Hakuta, K. (1974). Prefabricated patterns and the emergence of structure in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 24, 287-297.
26. Huebner, T. (1981). Creative construction and the case of the misguided pattern. In J. C. Fisher, M. A. Clark, & J. Schachter (Eds.), On TESOL '80. Building bridges: Research and practice in teaching English as a second language. Selected papers from the Annual Convention of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (pp. 101-110). Washington, DC: TESOL.
27. Krashen, S. D., & Scarcella, R. (1978). On routines and patterns in language acquisition and performance. Language Learning, 28, 283-300.
28. Langacker, R. (1987). Foundations of cognitive grammar (Volume 1: Theoretical prerequisites). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
29. Li, P. (2014). On the development of second language learners' English motion constructions: A longitudinal usage-based classroom investigation. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Denmark.
30. Li, P., Eskildsen, S. W., & Cadierno, T. (2014). Tracing an L2 learner's motion constructions over time-A usage-based classroom investigation. Modern Language Journal, 98, 612-628.
31. Lieven, E. (2010). Input and first language acquisition: Evaluating the role of frequency. Lingua, 120, 2546-2556.
32. Lieven, E., Salomo, D., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Two-year-old children's production of multiword utterances: A usage-based analysis. Cognitive Linguistics, 20, 481-508.
33. Mackey, A. (1999). Input, interaction and second language development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21, 557-587.
34. MacWhinney, B. (1975). Pragmatic patterns in child syntax. Stanford Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, 10, 153-165.
35. MacWhinney, B. (1982). Basic syntactic processes. In S. Kuczaj (Ed.), Language development (Vol 1: Syntax and semantics; pp. 73-136). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. McDonough, K. (2005). Identifying the impact of negative feedback and learners' responses on ESL question development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 79-103.
37. McDonough, K., & Mackey, A. (2008). Syntactic priming and ESL question development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 30, 31-47.
38. Meisel, J., Clahsen, H., & Pienemann, M. (1981). On determining developmental stages in natural second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 3, 109-135.
39. Mellow, J. D. (2006). The emergence of second language syntax: A case study of the acquisition of relative clauses. Applied Linguistics, 27, 645-670.
40. Myles, F., Hooper, J., & Mitchell, R. (1998). Rote or rule? Exploring the role of formulaic language in classroom foreign language learning. Language Learning, 48, 323-363.
41. Nattinger, J. P., & DeCarrico, J. S. (1992). Lexical phrases and language teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
42. Pawley, A., & Syder, F. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. In J. C. Richards & R. W. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 191-226). London: Longman.
43. Perdue, C. (Ed.). (1993). Adult language acquisition: Crosslinguistic perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
44. Philp, J. (2003). Constraints on "noticing the gap." Nonnative speakers' noticing of recasts in NS-NNS interaction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 25, 99-126.
45. Pienemann, M., Johnston, M., & Brindley, G. (1988). Constructing an acquisition based procedure for second language assessment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 10, 217-243.
46. Reder, S. (2005). The "Lab School." Focus on Basics, 8(A). Available at http://www.ncsall.net/fileadmin/resources/fob/2005/fob_8a.pdf
47. Reder, S., Harris, K. A., & Setzler, K. (2003). A multimedia adult learner corpus. TESOL Quarterly, 37, 546-557.
48. Roehr-Brackin, K. (2014). Explicit knowledge and processes from a usage-based perspective: The developmental trajectory of an instructed L2 learner. Language Learning, 64, 771-808.
49. Spada, N., & Lightbown, P. (1993). Instruction and the development of questions in the L2 classroom. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15, 205-224.
50. Stivers, T. (2010). An overview of the question-response system in American English conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 42, 2772-2781.
51. Tomasello, M. (1992). First verbs: A case study of early grammatical development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
52. Tomasello, M. (2000). First steps toward a usage-based theory of language acquisition. Cognitive Linguistics, 11, 61-82.
53. Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
54. van Lier, L. (2000). From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 246-260). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
55. Weinert, R. (1995). The role of formulaic language in second language acquisition: A review. Applied Linguistics, 16, 180-205.
56. Wood, D. (2002). Formulaic language in acquisition and production: Implications for teaching. TESL Canada Journal, 20, 1-15.
57. Wong-Fillmore, L. (1976). The second time around: Cognitive and social strategies in second language acquisition. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, CA.
58. Yuldashev, A., Fernandez, J., & Thorne, S. L. (2013). Second language learners' contiguous and discontiguous multi-word unit use over time. Modern Language Journal, 97(S1), 31-45.