Individual differences in common factors of emotional traits and executive functions predict functional connectivity of the amygdala

NeuroImage

Volumn 120, Issue , 2015, Pages 154-163

  Rohr, C S ^a,b   Dreyer, F R ^a,c   Aderka, I M ^d   Margulies, D S ^a,b   Frisch, S ^e   Villringer, A ^a,b   Okon Singer, H ^a,b,d  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN COGNITIVE AND BRAIN SCIENCES   (Germany)

^b HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^e UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FRANKFURT   (Germany)

Author keywords

Amygdala; Emotional traits; Executive functions; Prefrontal cortex; Principal component analysis; Resting state fMRI

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BRAIN REGION; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; EMOTION ASSESSMENT; EMOTIONALITY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MENTAL TASK; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; NORMAL HUMAN; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REWARD; SELF EVALUATION; STATISTICAL PARAMETERS; STRIATE CORTEX; THALAMUS; AMYGDALA; CONNECTOME; EMOTION; INDIVIDUALITY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSIOLOGY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PROCEDURES; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AMYGDALA; CONNECTOME; EMOTIONS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SELF-ASSESSMENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84938236837     PISSN: 10538119     EISSN: 10959572     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.049     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Adelstein J.S., Shehzad Z., Mennes M., Deyoung C.G., Zuo X.N., Kelly C., Margulies D.S., Bloomfield A., Gray J.R., Castellanos F.X., Milham M.P. Personality is reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional architecture. PLoS One 2011, 6:e27633.
2. Aghajani M., Veer I.M., van Tol M.J., Aleman A., van Buchem M.A., Veltman D.J., Rombouts S.A.R.B., van der Wee N.J. Neuroticism and extraversion are associated with amygdala resting-state functional connectivity. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2014, 14:836-848.
3. Alvarez J.A., Emory E. Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychol. Rev. 2006, 16:17-42.
4. Anand A., Li Y., Wang Y., Lowe M.J., Dzemidzic M. Resting state corticolimbic connectivity abnormalities in unmedicated bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 2009, 171:189-198.
5. Anderson I.M., Haddad P.M., Scott J. Bipolar disorder. Br. Med. J. 2012, 345.
6. Anticevic A., Repovs G., Krystal J.H., Barch D.M. A broken filter: prefrontal functional connectivity abnormalities in schizophrenia during working memory interference. Schizophr. Res. 2012, 141:8-14.
7. Arend I., Henik A., Okon-Singer H. Dissociating emotion and attention functions in the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. Neuropsychology 2015, 29:191-196.
8. Aycicegi A., Dinn W.M., Harris C.L., Erkmen H. Neuropsychological function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of comorbid conditions on task performance. Eur. Psychiatry 2003, 18:241-248.
9. Badre D., Wagner A.D. Frontal lobe mechanisms that resolve proactive interference. Cereb. Cortex 2005, 15:2003-2012.
10. Bäumler G. Farbe-Wort-Interferenztest FWIT 1985, Hogrefe, Göttingen, Germany.
11. Biswal B.B., Mennes M., Zuo X.N., Gohel S., Kelly C., Smith S.M., Beckmann C.F., Adelstein J.S., Buckner R.L., Colcombe S., Dogonowski A.M., Ernst M., Fair D., Hampson M., Hoptman M.J., Hyde J.S., Kiviniemi V.J., Kotter R., Li S.J., Lin C.P., Lowe M.J., Mackay C., Madden D.J., Madsen K.H., Margulies D.S., Mayberg H.S., McMahon K., Monk C.S., Mostofsky S.H., Nagel B.J., Pekar J.J., Peltier S.J., Petersen S.E., Riedl V., Rombouts S.A.R.B., Rypma B., Schlaggar B.L., Schmidt S., Seidler R.D., Siegle G.J., Sorg C., Teng G.J., Veijola J., Villringer A., Walter M., Wang L.H., Weng X.C., Whitfield-Gabrieli S., Williamson P., Windischberger C., Zang Y.F., Zhang H.Y., Castellanos F.X., Milham M.P. Toward discovery science of human brain function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2010, 107:4734-4739.
12. Borkenau P., Ostendorf F. NEO-Fünf-Faktoren Inventar (NEO-FFI) nach Costa und McCrae 1993, 5. Hogrefe, Göttingen.
13. Cerullo M.A., Fleck D.E., Eliassen J.C., Smith M.S., DelBello M.P., Adler C.M., Strakowski S.M. A longitudinal functional connectivity analysis of the amygdala in bipolar I disorder across mood states. Bipolar Disord. 2012, 14:175-184.
14. Chepenik L.G., Raffo M., Hampson M., Lacadie C., Wang F., Jones M.M., Pittman B., Skudlarski P., Blumberg H.P. Functional connectivity between ventral prefrontal cortex and amygdala at low frequency in the resting state in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 2010, 182:207-210.
15. Chow T.W. Personality in frontal lobe disorders. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2000, 2:446-451.
16. Cohen N., Daches S., Mor N., Henik A. Inhibition of negative content-a shared process in rumination and reappraisal. Front. Psychol. 2014, 5.
17. Cohen N., Mor N., Henik A. Linking executive control and emotional response: a training procedure to reduce rumination. Clin. Psychol. Sci. 2014, 10.1177/2167702614530114.
18. Coombs G., Loggia M.L., Greve D.N., Holt D.J. Amygdala perfusion is predicted by its functional connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and negative affect. PLoS One 2014, 9.
19. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-factor Inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional Manual 1992, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.
20. Cox R.W. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput. Biomed. Res. 1996, 29:162-173.
21. Cox C.L., Uddin L.Q., Di Martino A., Castellanos F.X., Milham M.P., Kelly C. The balance between feeling and knowing: affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional dynamics. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2012, 7:727-737.
22. Craig A.D. How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2002, 3:655-666.
23. Davis M. Neurobiology of fear responses: the role of the amygdala. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1997, 9:382-402.
24. Depue R.A., Collins P.F. Neurobiology of the structure of personality: dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behav. Brain Sci. 1999, 22:491-+.
25. Dodhia S., Hosanagar A., Fitzgerald D.A., Labuschagne I., Wood A.G., Nathan P.J., Phan K.L. Modulation of resting-state amygdala-frontal functional connectivity by oxytocin in generalized social anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014, 39:2061-2069.
26. Favre P., Baciu M., Pichat C., Bougerol T., Polosan M. fMRI evidence for abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in euthymic bipolar patients. J. Affect. Disord. 2014, 165:182-189.
27. Flehmig H.C., Steinborn M., Langner R., Westhoff K. Neuroticism and the mental noise hypothesis: relationships to lapses of attention and slips of action in everyday life. Psychol. Sci. 2007, 49(4):343-360.
28. Forbes C.E., Poore J.C., Krueger F., Barbey A.K., Solomon J., Grafman J. The role of executive function and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the expression of neuroticism and conscientiousness. Soc. Neurosci. 2014, 9:139-151.
29. Forster S., Nunez Elizalde A.O., Castle E., Bishop S.J. Unraveling the anxious mind: anxiety, worry, and frontal engagement in sustained attention versus off-task processing. Cereb. Cortex 2013, 25(3):609-618.
30. Fox E. Processing emotional facial expressions: the role of anxiety and awareness. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2002, 2:52-63.
31. Franke G.H. SCL-90-R. Die Symptom-Checkliste von Derogatis-Deutsche Version 2002, Beltz, Göttingen, Germany.
32. Gabbay V., Ely B.A., Li Q.Y., Bangaru S.D., Panzer A.M., Alonso C.M., Castellanos F.X., Milham M.P. Striatum-based circuitry of adolescent depression and anhedonia. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2013, 52:628-641.
33. Gallagher M., Holland P.C. The amygdala complex-multiple roles in associative learning and attention. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1994, 91:11771-11776.
34. Golkar A., Johansson E., Kasahara M., Osika W., Perski A., Savic I. The influence of work-related chronic stress on the regulation of emotion and on functional connectivity in the brain. PLoS One 2014, 9.
35. Gottlich M., Kramer U.M., Kordon A., Hohagen F., Zurowski B. Decreased limbic and increased fronto-parietal connectivity in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2014, 35:5617-5632.
36. Gross J.J. Emotion regulation in adulthood: timing is everything. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2001, 10:214-219.
37. Gross J.J., John O.P. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2003, 85:348-362.
38. Horn J. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 1965, 30(2):179-185.
39. Inzlicht M., Bartholow B.D., Hirsh J.B. Emotional foundations of cognitive control. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2015, 19:126-132.
40. Iordan A.D., Dolcos S., Dolcos F. Neural signatures of the response to emotional distraction: a review of evidence from brain imaging investigations. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2013, 7.
41. John O.P., Gross J.J. Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. J. Pers. 2004, 72:1301-1333.
42. Johnstone T., van Reekum C.M., Urry H.L., Kalin N.H., Davidson R.J. Failure to regulate: counterproductive recruitment of top-down prefrontal-subcortical circuitry in major depression. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:8877-8884.
43. Kanske P., Heissler J., Schonfelder S., Bongers A., Wessa M. How to regulate emotion? Neural networks for reappraisal and distraction. Cereb. Cortex 2011, 21:1379-1388.
44. Keutmann M.K., Fitzgerald D.A., Phan K.L., Klumpp H. Cognitive behavioral therapy normalizes prefrontal-amygdala resting state functional connectivity in social anxiety disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2014, 75:226S-226S.
45. Kim M.J., Gee D.G., Loucks R.A., Davis F.C., Whalen P.J. Anxiety dissociates dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity with the amygdala at rest. Cereb. Cortex 2011, 21:1667-1673.
46. Krebs R.M., Boehler C.N., Woldorff M.G. The influence of reward associations on conflict processing in the Stroop task. Cognition 2010, 117:341-347.
47. Krebs R.M., Boehler C.N., Egner T., Woldorff M.G. The neural underpinnings of how reward associations can both guide and misguide attention. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:9752-9759.
48. Krohne H.W., Egloff B., Kohlmann C.W., Tausch A. Investigations with a German version of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). Diagnostica 1996, 42:139-156.
49. Laux L., Glanzmann P., Schaffner P. STAI. State-Trait-Angstinventar 1981, Beltz, Weinheim, Germany.
50. LeDoux J.E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2000, 23:155-184.
51. Liang P.P., Wang Z.Q., Yang Y.H., Jia X.Q., Li K.C. Functional disconnection and compensation in mild cognitive impairment: evidence from DLPFC connectivity using resting-state fMRI. PLoS One 2011, 6.
52. Lieberman M.D. Introversion and working memory: central executive differences. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2000, 28:479-486.
53. Loewenstern J., You X.Z., Gordon E., Stollstorff M., Joseph D., Vaidya C.J. Resting-state amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity mediates association between serotonin transporter genotype and anxiety. Biol. Psychiatry 2014, 75:191S-191S.
54. Long J.Y., Huang X.Q., Liao Y., Hu X.Y., Hu J.M., Lui S., Zhang R., Li Y.Q., Gong Q.Y. Prediction of post-earthquake depressive and anxiety symptoms: a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4.
55. Luciana M., Depue R.A., Arbisi P., Leon A. Facilitation of working memory in humans by a D2-dopamine receptor agonist. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 1992, 4:58-68.
56. Lui S., Wu Q.Z., Qiu L.H., Yang X., Kuang W.H., Chan R.C.K., Huang X.Q., Kemp G.J., Mechelli A., Gong Q.Y. Resting-state functional connectivity in treatment-resistant depression. Am. J. Psychiatr. 2011, 168:642-648.
57. Marsh H.W., Nagengast B., Morin A.J.S. Measurement invariance of big-five factors over the life span: ESEM tests of gender, age, plasticity, maturity, and la dolce vita effects. Dev. Psychol. 2013, 49:1194-1218.
58. Mecklin C.J., Mundfrom D.J. A Monte Carlo comparison of the Type I and Type II error rates of tests of multivariate normality. J. Stat. Comput. Simul. 2005, 75:93-107.
59. Melcher T., Born C., Gruber O. How negative affect influences neural control processes underlying the resolution of cognitive interference: an event-related fMRI study. Neurosci. Res. 2011, 70:415-427.
60. Mullin B.C., Perlman S.B., Versace A., de Almeida J.R.C., LaBarbara E.J., Klein C., Ladouceur C.D., Phillips M.L. An fMRI study of attentional control in the context of emotional distracters in euthymic adults with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 2012, 201:196-205.
61. Murphy K., Birn R.M., Handwerker D.A., Jones T.B., Bandettini P.A. The impact of global signal regression on resting state correlations: are anti-correlated networks introduced?. NeuroImage 2009, 44:893-905.
62. Niemann H., Sturm W., Thöne-Otto A.I.T., Willmes K. California Verbal Learning Test-Deutschsprachige Adaptation 2008, Pearson Assessment, Germany.
63. Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1991, 100:569-582.
64. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Morrow J. A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1991, 61:115-121.
65. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Stice E., Wade E., Bohon C. Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2007, 116:198-207.
66. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Wisco B.E., Lyubomirsky S. Rethinking rumination. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2008, 3:400-424.
67. Ochsner K., McRae K., Gross J., Gabrieli J. Exploring the neural bases of emotion regulation: comparing the effects of cognitive reappraisal and working memory load. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2002, 152-153.
68. Ochsner K.N., Bunge S.A., Gross J.J., Gabrieli J.D.E. Rethinking feelings: an fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2002, 14:1215-1229.
69. Ochsner K.N., Ray R.D., Cooper J.C., Robertson E.R., Chopra S., Gabrieli J.D.E., Gross J.J. For better or for worse: neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion. NeuroImage 2004, 23:483-499.
70. Ochsner K.N., Silvers J.A., Buhle J.T. Functional imaging studies of emotion regulation: a synthetic review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion. Year Cogn. Neurosci. 2012, 1251:E1-E24.
71. Okon-Singer H., Tzelgov J., Henik A. Distinguishing between automaticity and attention in the processing of emotionally significant stimuli. Emotion 2007, 7:147-157.
72. Okon-Singer H., Lichtenstein-Vidne L., Cohen N. Dynamic modulation of emotional processing. Biol. Psychol. 2013, 92:480-491.
73. Okon-Singer H., Hendler T., Pessoa L., Shackman A.J. The neurobiology of emotion-cognition interactions: fundamental questions and strategies for future research. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2015, 9.
74. Ousdal O.T., Andreassen O.A., Server A., Jensen J. Increased amygdala and visual cortex activity and functional connectivity towards stimulus novelty is associated with state anxiety. PLoS One 2014, 9.
75. Owens M., Koster E., Derakshan N. Improved attention control in dysphoria through cognitive efficiency. Psychophysiology 2013, 50:297-307.
76. Pavot W., Diener E., Fujita F. Extroversion and happiness. Personal. Individ. Differ. 1990, 11:1299-1306.
77. Pessoa L. How do emotion and motivation direct executive control?. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2009, 13:160-166.
78. Pessoa L., Kastner S., Ungerleider L.G. Attentional control of the processing of neutral and emotional stimuli. Cogn. Brain Res. 2002, 15:31-45.
79. Pessoa L., McKenna M., Gutierrez E., Ungerleider L.G. Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99:11458-11463.
80. Pessoa L., Padmala S., Morland T. Fate of unattended fearful faces in the amygdala is determined by both attentional resources and cognitive modulation. NeuroImage 2005, 28:249-255.
81. Peters J., Miedl S.F., Buchel C. Elevated functional connectivity in a striatal-amygdala circuit in pathological gamblers. PLoS One 2013, 8.
82. Postle B.R., D'Esposito M. Spatial working memory activity of the caudate nucleus is sensitive to frame of reference. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2003, 3:133-144.
83. Pourtois G., Schettino A., Vuilleumier P. Brain mechanisms for emotional influences on perception and attention: what is magic and what is not. Biol. Psychol. 2013, 92:492-512.
84. Radua J., Mataix-Cols D. Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 2009, 195:393-402.
85. Radua J., van den Heuvel O.A., Surguladze S., Mataix-Cols D. Meta-analytical comparison of voxel-based morphometry studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder vs other anxiety disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2010, 67:701-711.
86. Rammsayer T.H. Extraversion and dopamine individual differences in response to changes in dopaminergic activity as a possible biological basis of extraversion. Eur. Psychol. 1998, 3:37-50.
87. Ray R.D., Zald D.H. Anatomical insights into the interaction of emotion and cognition in the prefrontal cortex. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2012, 36:479-501.
88. Reitan R.M. Trail Making Test: Manual for Administration and Scoring 1992, Reitan Neuropsychology Laboratory, South Tucson: AZ.
89. Rohr C.S., Okon-Singer H., Craddock R.C., Villringer A., Margulies D.S. Affect and the brain's functional organization: a resting-state connectivity approach. PLoS One 2013, 8:e68015.
90. Roy A.K., Shehzad Z., Margulies D.S., Kelly A.M., Uddin L.Q., Gotimer K., Biswal B.B., Castellanos F.X., Milham M.P. Functional connectivity of the human amygdala using resting state fMRI. NeuroImage 2009, 45:614-626.
91. Rush J., Hofer S.M. Differences in within- and between-person factor structure of positive and negative affect: analysis of two intensive measurement studies using multilevel structural equation modeling. Psychol. Assess. 2014, 26:462-473.
92. Saad Z.S., Gotts S.J., Murphy K., Chen G., Jo H.J., Martin A., Cox R.W. Trouble at rest: how correlation patterns and group differences become distorted after global signal regression. Brain Connect. 2012, 2:25-32.
93. Sabatinelli D., Fortune E.E., Li Q., Siddiqui A., Krafft C., Oliver W.T., Beck S., Jeffries J. Emotional perception: meta-analyses of face and natural scene processing. NeuroImage 2011, 54:2524-2533.
94. Sakai Y., Narumoto J., Nishida S., Nakamae T., Yamada K., Nishimura T., Fukui K. Corticostriatal functional connectivity in non-medicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur. Psychiatry 2011, 26:463-469.
95. Schulz P., Schlotz W. Das Trierer Inventar zur Erfassung von chronischem Streß (TICS): skalenkonstruktion, teststatistische Überprüfung und Validierung der Skala Arbeitsüberlastung. Diagnostica 1999, 45:8-19.
96. Shin N.Y., Lee T.Y., Kim E., Kwon J.S. Cognitive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Med. 2014, 44:1121-1130.
97. Smillie L.D., Cooper A.J., Wilt J., Revelle W. Do extraverts get more bang for the buck? Refining the affective-reactivity hypothesis of extraversion. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2012, 103:306-326.
98. Smith S.M., Jenkinson M., Woolrich M.W., Beckmann C.F., Behrens T.E.J., Johansen-Berg H., Bannister P.R., De Luca M., Drobnjak I., Flitney D.E., Niazy R.K., Saunders J., Vickers J., Zhang Y.Y., De Stefano N., Brady J.M., Matthews P.M. Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. NeuroImage 2004, 23:S208-S219.
99. Spielberger C.D., Gorsuch R., Lushene R. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Manual 1970, Consulting Psychological Press, Palo Alto, CA.
100. Stroop J.R. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 1935, 18:643-662.
101. Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. Using Multivariate Statistics 2007, 646. Pearson Allyn & Bacon, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 5th ed.
102. Tang Y., Kong L., Wu F., Womer F., Jiang W., Cao Y., Ren L., Wang J., Fan G., Blumberg H.P., Xu K., Wang F. Decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the left ventral prefrontal cortex in treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychol. Med. 2013, 43:1921-1927.
103. Tellegen A., Watson D., Clark L.A. On the dimensional and hierarchical structure of affect. Psychol. Sci. 1999, 10:297-303.
104. Tombaugh T.N. Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2004, 19:203-214.
105. Unsworth N., Miller J.D., Lakey C.E., Young D.L., Meeks J.T., Campbell W.K., Goodie A.S. Exploring the relations among executive functions, fluid intelligence, and personality. J. Individ. Differ. 2009, 30:194-200.
106. Urry H.L., van Reekum C.M., Johnstone T., Kalin N.H., Thurow M.E., Schaefer H.S., Jackson C.A., Frye C.J., Greischar L.L., Alexander A.L., Davidson R.J. Amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex are inversely coupled during regulation of negative affect and predict the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion among older adults. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:4415-4425.
107. Urry H.L., van Reekum C.M., Johnstone T., Davidson R.J. Individual differences in some (but not all) medial prefrontal regions reflect cognitive demand while regulating unpleasant emotion. NeuroImage 2009, 47:852-863.
108. Villablanca J.R. Why do we have a caudate nucleus?. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars.) 2010, 70:95-105.
109. Watson D., Clark L.A., Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1988, 54:1063-1070.
110. Watson D., Wiese D., Vaidya J., Tellegen A. The two general activation systems of affect: structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1999, 76:820-838.
111. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligenztest für Erwachsene 2006, Harcourt Test, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
112. Wisco B.E., Nolen-Hoeksema S. Ruminative response style. Risk Factors in Depression 2008, 221-236.
113. Xie C.M., Goveas J., Wu Z.L., Li W.J., Chen G.Y., Franczak M., Antuono P.G., Jones J.L., Zhang Z.J., Li S.J. Neural basis of the association between depressive symptoms and memory deficits in nondemented subjects: resting-state fMRI study. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2012, 33:1352-1363.
114. Yoon K.L., Maltby J., Joormann J. A pathway from neuroticism to depression: examining the role of emotion regulation. Anxiety Stress Coping 2013, 26:558-572.