메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 462-473

Differences in within- and between-person factor structure of positive and negative affect: Analysis of two intensive measurement studies using multilevel structural equation modeling

Author keywords

Affect; Emotion; Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis; Multilevel structural equation modeling; PANAS; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; EMOTION; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL DISEASE; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT SCHEDULE; STRESS; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING; VALIDATION STUDY; AFFECT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; MOOD DISORDERS; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY; STUDENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84901850201     PISSN: 10403590     EISSN: 1939134X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0035666     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (71)

References (52)
  • 2
    • 0038544246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiating anxiety and depression in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder
    • doi:10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.184
    • Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Diefenbach, G. J., Stanley, M. A., Averill, P. M., & Swann, A. C. (2003). Differentiating anxiety and depression in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 15, 184-192. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.184.
    • (2003) Psychological Assessment , vol.15 , pp. 184-192
    • Beck, J.G.1    Novy, D.M.2    Diefenbach, G.J.3    Stanley, M.A.4    Averill, P.M.5    Swann, A.C.6
  • 5
    • 0033093971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity
    • doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165
    • Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54, 165-181. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165.
    • (1999) American Psychologist , vol.54 , pp. 165-181
    • Carstensen, L.L.1    Isaacowitz, D.M.2    Charles, S.T.3
  • 6
    • 0006784985 scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
    • Cattell, R. B. (1950). Personality. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1950) Personality
    • Cattell, R.B.1
  • 8
    • 5044250427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample
    • doi:10.1348/0144665031752934
    • Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 245-265. doi:10.1348/0144665031752934.
    • (2004) British Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 245-265
    • Crawford, J.R.1    Henry, J.D.2
  • 9
    • 21444442656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A confirmatory factor analysis of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) with a youth sample
    • Crocker, P. R. E. (1997). A confirmatory factor analysis of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) with a youth sample. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19, 91-97.
    • (1997) Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 91-97
    • Crocker, P.R.E.1
  • 10
    • 78650976175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disaggregation of within-person and between-person effects in longitudinal models of change
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100356
    • Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2011). The disaggregation of within-person and between-person effects in longitudinal models of change. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 583-619. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100356.
    • (2011) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 583-619
    • Curran, P.J.1    Bauer, D.J.2
  • 11
    • 0021530020 scopus 로고
    • The independence of positive and negative affect
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105
    • Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1105-1117. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 1105-1117
    • Diener, E.1    Emmons, R.A.2
  • 13
    • 84856595457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mediational model of perfectionistic automatic thoughts and psychosomatic symptoms: The roles of negative affect and daily hassles
    • doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.09.010
    • Flett, G. L., Molnar, D. S., Nepon, T., & Hewitt, P. L. (2012). A mediational model of perfectionistic automatic thoughts and psychosomatic symptoms: The roles of negative affect and daily hassles. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 565-570. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.09.010.
    • (2012) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.52 , pp. 565-570
    • Flett, G.L.1    Molnar, D.S.2    Nepon, T.3    Hewitt, P.L.4
  • 14
    • 33750988760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative affective states in a performance-related setting: Testing the factorial structure of the PANAS across two samples of French-Canadian participants
    • doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22.4.240
    • Gaudreau, P., Sanchez, X., & Blondin, J.-P. (2006). Positive and negative affective states in a performance-related setting: Testing the factorial structure of the PANAS across two samples of French-Canadian participants. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22, 240-249. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22.4.240.
    • (2006) European Journal of Psychological Assessment , vol.22 , pp. 240-249
    • Gaudreau, P.1    Sanchez, X.2    Blondin, J.-P.3
  • 15
    • 84897951819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability estimation in a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework
    • Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0032138.
    • Geldhof, G. J., Preacher, K. J., & Zyphur, M. J. (2013). Reliability estimation in a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework. Psychological Methods. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0032138.
    • (2013) Psychological Methods
    • Geldhof, G.J.1    Preacher, K.J.2    Zyphur, M.J.3
  • 16
    • 0027616286 scopus 로고
    • Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.1029
    • Green, D. P., Goldman, S. L., & Salovey, P. (1993). Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1029-1041. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.1029.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 1029-1041
    • Green, D.P.1    Goldman, S.L.2    Salovey, P.3
  • 17
    • 0347873846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In what sense are positive and negative affect independent? A reply to Tellegen, Watson, and Clark
    • doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00158
    • Green, D. P., & Salovey, P. (1999). In what sense are positive and negative affect independent? A reply to Tellegen, Watson, and Clark. Psychological Science, 10, 304-306. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00158.
    • (1999) Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 304-306
    • Green, D.P.1    Salovey, P.2
  • 18
    • 32344448892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and depression
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938
    • Hammen, C. (2005). Stress and depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 293-319. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938.
    • (2005) Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 293-319
    • Hammen, C.1
  • 19
    • 75149188855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persons as contexts: Evaluating between-person and within-person effects in longitudinal analysis
    • doi:10.1080/15427600902911189
    • Hoffman, L., & Stawski, R. S. (2009). Persons as contexts: Evaluating between-person and within-person effects in longitudinal analysis. Research in Human Development, 6, 97-120. doi:10.1080/15427600902911189.
    • (2009) Research in Human Development , vol.6 , pp. 97-120
    • Hoffman, L.1    Stawski, R.S.2
  • 20
    • 47949122447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative affect and health functioning indicators among older adults with chronic illnesses
    • doi:10.1080/01612840802182938
    • Hu, J., & Gruber, K. J. (2008). Positive and negative affect and health functioning indicators among older adults with chronic illnesses. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29, 895-911. doi:10.1080/01612840802182938.
    • (2008) Issues in Mental Health Nursing , vol.29 , pp. 895-911
    • Hu, J.1    Gruber, K.J.2
  • 21
    • 67650706330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutoffcriteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
    • doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
    • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoffcriteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
    • (1999) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.6 , pp. 1-55
    • Hu, L.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 22
    • 0028022975 scopus 로고
    • Integration of positive and negative affectivity and cognitive content-specificity: Improved discrimination of anxious and depressive symptoms
    • doi:10.1037/0021-843X.103.3.544
    • Jolly, J. B., Dyck, M. J., Kramer, T. A., & Wherry, J. N. (1994). Integration of positive and negative affectivity and cognitive content-specificity: Improved discrimination of anxious and depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 544-552. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.103.3.544.
    • (1994) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.103 , pp. 544-552
    • Jolly, J.B.1    Dyck, M.J.2    Kramer, T.A.3    Wherry, J.N.4
  • 23
    • 0026697263 scopus 로고
    • Assessing subjective well-being in the old-old: The PANAS as a measure of orthogonal dimensions of positive and negative affect
    • doi:10.1177/0164027592142001
    • Kercher, K. (1992). Assessing subjective well-being in the old-old: The PANAS as a measure of orthogonal dimensions of positive and negative affect. Research on Aging, 14, 131-168. doi:10.1177/0164027592142001.
    • (1992) Research on Aging , vol.14 , pp. 131-168
    • Kercher, K.1
  • 24
    • 84874739637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in how trait emotional intelligence predicts life satisfaction: The role of affect balance versus social support in India and Germany
    • doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9315-1
    • Koydemir, S., Simsek, Ö. F., Schütz, A., & Tipandjan, A. (2013). Differences in how trait emotional intelligence predicts life satisfaction: The role of affect balance versus social support in India and Germany. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 51-66. doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9315-1.
    • (2013) Journal of Happiness Studies , vol.14 , pp. 51-66
    • Koydemir, S.1    Simsek, Ö.F.2    Schütz, A.3    Tipandjan, A.4
  • 25
    • 79952580595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PANAS structure revisited: On the validity of a bifactor model in community and forensic samples
    • doi:10.1037/a0021400
    • Leue, A., & Beauducel, A. (2011). The PANAS structure revisited: On the validity of a bifactor model in community and forensic samples. Psychological Assessment, 23, 215-225. doi:10.1037/a0021400.
    • (2011) Psychological Assessment , vol.23 , pp. 215-225
    • Leue, A.1    Beauducel, A.2
  • 26
    • 84873708893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience and affect balance as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction
    • doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.010
    • Liu, Y., Wang, Z., & Lü, W. (2013). Resilience and affect balance as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 850-855. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.010.
    • (2013) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.54 , pp. 850-855
    • Liu, Y.1    Wang, Z.2    Lü, W.3
  • 27
    • 48449087653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multilevel latent covariate model: A new, more reliable approach to group-level effects in contextual studies
    • doi:10.1037/a0012869
    • Lüdtke, O., Marsh, H. W., Robitzsch, A., Trautwein, U., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2008). The multilevel latent covariate model: A new, more reliable approach to group-level effects in contextual studies. Psychological Methods, 13, 203-229. doi:10.1037/a0012869.
    • (2008) Psychological Methods , vol.13 , pp. 203-229
    • Lüdtke, O.1    Marsh, H.W.2    Robitzsch, A.3    Trautwein, U.4    Asparouhov, T.5    Muthén, B.6
  • 28
    • 77951656763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doubly-latent models of school contextual effects: Integrating multilevel and structural equation approaches to control measurement and sampling error
    • doi:10.1080/00273170903333665
    • Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Robitzsch, A., Trautwein, U., Asparouhov, T., Muthén, B., & Nagengast, B. (2009). Doubly-latent models of school contextual effects: Integrating multilevel and structural equation approaches to control measurement and sampling error. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 44, 764-802. doi:10.1080/00273170903333665.
    • (2009) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.44 , pp. 764-802
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Lüdtke, O.2    Robitzsch, A.3    Trautwein, U.4    Asparouhov, T.5    Muthén, B.6    Nagengast, B.7
  • 29
    • 79751534430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling trait and state variation using multilevel factor analysis with PANAS daily diary data
    • doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.003
    • Merz, E. L., & Roesch, S. C. (2011). Modeling trait and state variation using multilevel factor analysis with PANAS daily diary data. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 2-9. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.003.
    • (2011) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.45 , pp. 2-9
    • Merz, E.L.1    Roesch, S.C.2
  • 30
    • 84988141818 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel factor analysis of class and student achievement components
    • doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1991.tb00363.x
    • Muthén, B. O. (1991). Multilevel factor analysis of class and student achievement components. Journal of Educational Measurement, 28, 338-354. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1991.tb00363.x.
    • (1991) Journal of Educational Measurement , vol.28 , pp. 338-354
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 31
  • 32
    • 34249929779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of physical activity in the acute treatment of bipolar disorder: A pilot study
    • doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.014
    • Ng, F., Dodd, S., & Berk, M. (2007). The effects of physical activity in the acute treatment of bipolar disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 101, 259-262. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.014.
    • (2007) Journal of Affective Disorders , vol.101 , pp. 259-262
    • Ng, F.1    Dodd, S.2    Berk, M.3
  • 34
    • 77956838713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation
    • doi:10.1037/a0020141
    • Preacher, K. J., Zyphur, M. J., & Zhang, Z. (2010). A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation. Psychological Methods, 15, 209-233. doi:10.1037/a0020141.
    • (2010) Psychological Methods , vol.15 , pp. 209-233
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Zyphur, M.J.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 35
    • 84859584761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling individual differences in within-person variation of negative and positive affect in a mixed effects location scale model using BUGS/JAGS
    • doi:10.1080/00273171.2012.658328
    • Rast, P., Hofer, S. M., & Sparks, C. (2012). Modeling individual differences in within-person variation of negative and positive affect in a mixed effects location scale model using BUGS/JAGS. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47, 177-200. doi:10.1080/00273171.2012.658328.
    • (2012) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.47 , pp. 177-200
    • Rast, P.1    Hofer, S.M.2    Sparks, C.3
  • 37
    • 84873019824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions
    • doi:10.1037/a0029315
    • Rhemtulla, M., Brosseau-Liard, P. é., & Savalei, V. (2012). When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17, 354-373. doi:10.1037/a0029315.
    • (2012) Psychological Methods , vol.17 , pp. 354-373
    • Rhemtulla, M.1    Brosseau-Liard, P.é.2    Savalei, V.3
  • 38
    • 75149190969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraindividual variability in positive and negative affect over 45 days: Do older adults fluctuate less than young adults?
    • doi:10.1037/a0016276
    • Röcke, C., Li, S.-C., & Smith, J. (2009). Intraindividual variability in positive and negative affect over 45 days: Do older adults fluctuate less than young adults? Psychology and Aging, 24, 863-878. doi:10.1037/a0016276.
    • (2009) Psychology and Aging , vol.24 , pp. 863-878
    • Röcke, C.1    Li, S.-C.2    Smith, J.3
  • 40
    • 75149180051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraindividual change and variability in daily stress processes: Findings from two measurement-burst diary studies
    • doi:10.1037/a0017925
    • Sliwinski, M. J., Almeida, D. M., Smyth, J., & Stawski, R. S. (2009). Intraindividual change and variability in daily stress processes: Findings from two measurement-burst diary studies. Psychology and Aging, 24, 828-840. doi:10.1037/a0017925.
    • (2009) Psychology and Aging , vol.24 , pp. 828-840
    • Sliwinski, M.J.1    Almeida, D.M.2    Smyth, J.3    Stawski, R.S.4
  • 42
    • 43049100398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reported exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stressors: The roles of adult age and global perceived stress
    • Stawski, R. S., Sliwinski, M. J., Almeida, D. M., & Smyth, J. M. (2008). Reported exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stressors: The roles of adult age and global perceived stress. Psychology and Aging, 23, 52-61.
    • (2008) Psychology and Aging , vol.23 , pp. 52-61
    • Stawski, R.S.1    Sliwinski, M.J.2    Almeida, D.M.3    Smyth, J.M.4
  • 43
    • 0038401327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factorial and construct validity of the Italian Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
    • doi:10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.131
    • Terraciano, A., McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2003). Factorial and construct validity of the Italian Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19, 131-141. doi:10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.131.
    • (2003) European Journal of Psychological Assessment , vol.19 , pp. 131-141
    • Terraciano, A.1    McCrae, R.R.2    Costa, P.T.3
  • 44
    • 84993699097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The internal structure of positive and negative affect: A confirmatory factor analysis of the PANAS
    • doi:10.1177/0013164409344522
    • Tuccitto, D. E., Giacobbi, P. R., Jr., & Leite, W. L. (2010). The internal structure of positive and negative affect: A confirmatory factor analysis of the PANAS. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70, 125-141. doi:10.1177/0013164409344522.
    • (2010) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.70 , pp. 125-141
    • Tuccitto, D.E.1    Giacobbi Jr., P.R.2    Leite, W.L.3
  • 45
    • 18744387233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cooccurrence of emotions in daily life: A multilevel approach
    • doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.05.006
    • Vansteelandt, K., Van Mechelen, I., & Nezlek, J. B. (2005). The cooccurrence of emotions in daily life: A multilevel approach. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 325-335. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.05.006.
    • (2005) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.39 , pp. 325-335
    • Vansteelandt, K.1    Van Mechelen, I.2    Nezlek, J.B.3
  • 46
    • 0024064837 scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders
    • doi:10.1037/0021-843X.97.3.346
    • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346-353. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.97.3.346.
    • (1988) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.97 , pp. 346-353
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2    Carey, G.3
  • 47
    • 0024023344 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
    • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 1063-1070
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2    Tellegen, A.3
  • 48
    • 0022115623 scopus 로고
    • Toward a consensual structure of mood
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219
    • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219.
    • (1985) Psychological Bulletin , vol.98 , pp. 219-235
    • Watson, D.1    Tellegen, A.2
  • 49
    • 84864887207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A time-lagged momentary assessment study of daily life physical activity and affect
    • doi:10.1037/a0025688
    • Wichers, M., Peeters, F., Rutten, B. P. F., Jacobs, N., Derom, C., Thiery, E., van Os, J. (2012). A time-lagged momentary assessment study of daily life physical activity and affect. Health Psychology, 31, 135-144. doi:10.1037/a0025688.
    • (2012) Health Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 135-144
    • Wichers, M.1    Peeters, F.2    Rutten, B.P.F.3    Jacobs, N.4    Derom, C.5    Thiery, E.6    van Os, J.7
  • 50
    • 33745799273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borderline personality features: Instability of self-esteem and affect
    • doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.6.668
    • Zeigler-Hill, V., & Abraham, J. (2006). Borderline personality features: Instability of self-esteem and affect. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 668-687. doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.6.668.
    • (2006) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 668-687
    • Zeigler-Hill, V.1    Abraham, J.2
  • 51
    • 58149405668 scopus 로고
    • The structure of mood change: An idiographic/nomothetic analysis
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.111
    • Zevon, M. A., & Tellegen, A. (1982). The structure of mood change: An idiographic/nomothetic analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 111-122. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.111.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 111-122
    • Zevon, M.A.1    Tellegen, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.