Outcomes for extremely premature infants

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Volumn 120, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1337-1351

  Glass, Hannah C ^a   Costarino, Andrew T ^b,c   Stayer, Stephen A ^d   Brett, Claire M ^e   Cladis, Franklyn ^f   Davis, Peter J ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NEMOURS ALFRED I DUPONT HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN   (United States)

^d TEXAS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; ERYTHROPOIETIN; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; MELATONIN; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; NOVEL ERYTHROPOIESIS STIMULATING PROTEIN; STEROID; TOPIRAMATE; XENON;

ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BLINDNESS; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD HEALTH; COGNITIVE DEFECT; FOLLOW UP; GESTATIONAL AGE; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; HUMAN; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE; LUNG DYSPLASIA; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEUROIMAGING; NONHUMAN; OXYGEN SATURATION; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PREMATURE LABOR; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA; SOCIAL PROBLEM; SURVIVAL; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; INFANT MORTALITY; MALE; NEWBORN; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; PERINATAL MORTALITY; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT MORTALITY; INFANT, EXTREMELY PREMATURE; INFANT, NEWBORN; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL; INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL; MALE; PATIENT DISCHARGE; PERINATAL MORTALITY; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84937874933     PISSN: 00032999     EISSN: 15267598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000705     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. World Health Organization Preterm birth fact sheet No 363. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/. Accessed March 17, 2015
2. World Health Organization; March of Dimes; The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health; Save the Children. Born too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth 2012 Geneva World Health Organization
3. Saigal S, Doyle LW, An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood. Lancet 2008 371 261 9
4. Hamilton BE, Hoyert DL, Martin JA, Strobino DM, Guyer B, Annual summary of vital statistics: 2010-2011. Pediatrics 2013 131 548 58
5. Engle WA, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn Age terminology during the perinatal period. Pediatrics 2004 114 1362 4
6. Spong CY, Defining "term" pregnancy: recommendations from the Defining "Term" Pregnancy Workgroup. JAMA 2013 309 2445 6
7. Olsen IE, Groveman SA, Lawson ML, Clark RH, Zemel BS, New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data. Pediatrics 2010 125 e214 24
8. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJ, Curtin SC, Matthews TJ, Births: final data for 2013. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2015 64 1 65
9. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ, Births: preliminary data 2012. National Vital Statistics 2013 1 19
10. Gregory GA, Kitterman JA, Phibbs RH, Tooley WH, Hamilton WK, Treatment of the idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressure. N Engl J Med 1971 284 1333 40
11. Hirata T, Epcar JT, Walsh A, Mednick J, Harris M, McGinnis MS, Sehring S, Papedo G, Survival and outcome of infants 501 to 750 gm: A six-year experience. J Pediatr 1983 102 741 8
12. Hirata T, Epcar JT, Walsh A, Mednick J, Harris M, McGinnis MS, Sehring S, Papedo G, Outcomes at school age after postnatal dexamethasone therapy for lung disease of prematurity. N Engl J Med 2004 350 1304 13
13. O'Shea TM, Washburn LK, Nixon PA, Goldstein DJ, Follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone to decrease the duration of ventilator dependency in very low birth weight infants: neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4 to 11 years of age. Pediatrics 2007 120 594 602
14. Kersbergen KJ, de Vries LS, van Kooij BJ, Isgum I, Rademaker KJ, van Bel F, Huppi PS, Dubois J, Groenendaal F, Benders MJ, Hydrocortisone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and brain volumes in preterm infants. J Pediatr 2013 163 666 71 e1
15. Vaucher YE, Peralta-Carcelen M, Finer NN, Carlo WA, Gantz MG, Walsh MC, Laptook AR, Yoder BA, Faix RG, Das A, Schibler K, Rich W, Newman NS, Vohr BR, Yolton K, Heyne RJ, Wilson-Costello DE, Evans PW, Goldstein RF, Acarregui MJ, Adams-Chapman I, Pappas A, Hintz SR, Poindexter B, Dusick AM, McGowan EC, Ehrenkranz RA, Bodnar A, Bauer CR, Fuller J, O'Shea TM, Myers GJ, Higgins RD, SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network Neurodevelopmental outcomes in the early CPAP and pulse oximetry trial. N Engl J Med 2012 367 2495 504
16. Schmidt B, Whyte RK, Asztalos EV, Moddemann D, Poets C, Rabi Y, Solimano A, Roberts RS, Canadian Oxygen Trial (COT) Group Effects of targeting higher vs lower arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in extremely preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013 309 2111 20
17. Stenson BJ, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Darlow BA, Simes J, Juszczak E, Askie L, Battin M, Bowler U, Broadbent R, Cairns P, Davis PG, Deshpande S, Donoghoe M, Doyle L, Fleck BW, Ghadge A, Hague W, Halliday HL, Hewson M, King A, Kirby A, Marlow N, Meyer M, Morley C, Simmer K, Tin W, Wardle SP, Brocklehurst P, Oxygen saturation and outcomes in preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2013 368 2094 104
18. Darlow BA, Marschner SL, Donoghoe M, Battin MR, Broadbent RS, Elder MJ, Hewson MP, Meyer MP, Ghadge A, Graham P, McNeill NJ, Kuschel CA, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Benefits Of Oxygen Saturation Targeting-New Zealand (BOOST-NZ) Collaborative Group Randomized controlled trial of oxygen saturation targets in very preterm infants: two year outcomes. J Pediatr 2014 165 30 35.e2
19. Schmidt B, Whyte RK, Roberts RS, Trade-off between lower or higher oxygen saturations for extremely preterm infants: the first benefits of oxygen saturation targeting (BOOST) II trial reports its primary outcome. J Pediatr 2014 165 6 8
20. Vento M, Oxygen supplementation in the neonatal period: changing the paradigm. Neonatology 2014 105 323 31
21. Hack M, Horbar JD, Malloy MH, Tyson JE, Wright E, Wright L, Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network. Pediatrics 1991 87 587 97
22. Hack M, Friedman H, Fanaroff AA, Outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1996 98 931 7
23. The Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group Outcome at 2 years of children 23-27 weeks' gestation born in Victoria in 1991-92. J Paediatr Child Health 1997 33 161 5
24. Tin W, Wariyar U, Hey E, Changing prognosis for babies of less than 28 weeks' gestation in the north of England between 1983 and 1994. Northern Neonatal Network. BMJ 1997 314 107 11
25. Sutton L, Bajuk B, Population-based study of infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation in New South Wales, Australia, in 1992-3. New South Wales Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Study Group. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1999 13 288 301
26. Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Vohr BR, Poole WK, Higgins RD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Changes in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age among infants of less than 25 weeks' gestational age born in 1993-1999. Pediatrics 2005 115 1645 51
27. Draper ES, Manktelow B, Field DJ, James D, Prediction of survival for preterm births by weight and gestational age: retrospective population based study. BMJ 1999 319 1093 7
28. Kamper J, Feilberg Jørgensen N, Jonsbo F, Pedersen-Bjergaard L, Pryds O, Danish ETFOL Study Group The Danish national study in infants with extremely low gestational age and birthweight (the ETFOL study): respiratory morbidity and outcome. Acta Paediatr 2004 93 225 32
29. Håkansson S, Farooqi A, Holmgren PA, Serenius F, Högberg U, Proactive management promotes outcome in extremely preterm infants: A population-based comparison of two perinatal management strategies. Pediatrics 2004 114 58 64
30. Wood NS, Marlow N, Costeloe K, Gibson AT, Wilkinson AR, Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth. EPICure Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000 343 378 84
31. den Ouden AL, Anthony S, Death rates in very preterm babies. Tijdschr Kindergeneeskd 2000 68 241 6
32. Tommiska V, Heinonen K, Lehtonen L, Renlund M, Saarela T, Tammela O, Virtanen M, Fellman V, No improvement in outcome of nationwide extremely low birth weight infant populations between 1996-1997 and 1999-2000. Pediatrics 2007 119 29 36
33. Doyle LW, Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group Neonatal intensive care at borderline viability-is it worth it? Early Hum Dev 2004 80 103 13
34. Larroque B, Bréart G, Kaminski M, Dehan M, André M, Burguet A, Grandjean H, Ledésert B, Lévêque C, Maillard F, Matis J, Rozé JC, Truffert P, Epipage study group Survival of very preterm infants: Epipage, a population based cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004 89 F139 44
35. Vanhaesebrouck P, Allegaert K, Bottu J, Debauche C, Devlieger H, Docx M, François A, Haumont D, Lombet J, Rigo J, Smets K, Vanherreweghe I, Van Overmeire B, Van Reempts P, Extremely Preterm Infants in Belgium Study Group The EPIBEL study: outcomes to discharge from hospital for extremely preterm infants in Belgium. Pediatrics 2004 114 663 75
36. Markestad T, Kaaresen PI, Rønnestad A, Reigstad H, Lossius K, Medbø S, Zanussi G, Engelund IE, Skjaerven R, Irgens LM, Norwegian Extreme Prematurity Study Group Early death, morbidity, and need of treatment among extremely premature infants. Pediatrics 2005 115 1289 98
37. Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Wilson-Costello DE, Das A, Bell EF, Vohr BR, Higgins RD, NICHD Neonatal Research Network Early-childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes are not improving for infants born at <25 weeks' gestational age. Pediatrics 2011 127 62 70
38. Kutz P, Horsch S, Kühn L, Roll C, Single-centre vs. population-based outcome data of extremely preterm infants at the limits of viability. Acta Paediatr 2009 98 1451 5
39. Mercier CE, Dunn MS, Ferrelli KR, Howard DB, Soll RF, Vermont Oxford Network ELBW Infant Follow-Up Study Group Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants from the Vermont Oxford network: 1998-2003. Neonatology 2010 97 329 38
40. Serenius F, Källén K, Blennow M, Ewald U, Fellman V, Holmström G, Lindberg E, Lundqvist P, Maršál K, Norman M, Olhager E, Stigson L, Stjernqvist K, Vollmer B, Strömberg B, EXPRESS Group Neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm infants at 2.5 years after active perinatal care in Sweden. JAMA 2013 309 1810 20
41. Ishii N, Kono Y, Yonemoto N, Kusuda S, Fujimura M, Neonatal Research Network, Japan Outcomes of infants born at 22 and 23 weeks' gestation. Pediatrics 2013 132 62 71
42. Doyle LW, Roberts G, Anderson PJ, Outcomes at age 2 years of infants < 28 weeks' gestational age born in Victoria in 2005. J Pediatr 2010 156 49 53 e1
43. Delobel-Ayoub M, Kaminski M, Marret S, Burguet A, Marchand L, N'Guyen S, Matis J, Thiriez G, Fresson J, Arnaud C, Poher M, Larroque B, EPIPAGE Study Group Behavioral outcome at 3 years of age in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE study. Pediatrics 2006 117 1996 2005
44. Marlow N, Wolke D, Bracewell MA, Samara M, EPICure Study Group Neurologic and developmental disability at six years of age after extremely preterm birth. N Engl J Med 2005 352 9 19
45. Eichenwald EC, Stark AR, Management and outcomes of very low birth weight. N Engl J Med 2008 358 1700 11
46. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, Hale EC, Newman NS, Schibler K, Carlo WA, Kennedy KA, Poindexter BB, Finer NN, Ehrenkranz RA, Duara S, Sánchez PJ, O'Shea TM, Goldberg RN, Van Meurs KP, Faix RG, Phelps DL, Frantz ID 3rd, Watterberg KL, Saha S, Das A, Higgins RD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2010 126 443 56
47. Abitbol CL, Rodriguez MM, The long-term renal and cardiovascular consequences of prematurity. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012 8 265 74
48. Baraldi E, Filippone M, Chronic lung disease after premature birth. N Engl J Med 2007 357 1946 55
49. Smith LJ, McKay KO, van Asperen PP, Selvadurai H, Fitzgerald DA, Normal development of the lung and premature birth. Paediatr Respir Rev 2010 11 135 42
50. Speer CP, Chorioamnionitis, postnatal factors and proinflammatory response in the pathogenetic sequence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Neonatology 2009 95 353 61
51. Carraro S, Filippone M, Da Dalt L, Ferraro V, Maretti M, Bressan S, El Mazloum D, Baraldi E, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the earliest and perhaps the longest lasting obstructive lung disease in humans. Early Hum Dev 2013 89 Suppl 3 S3 5
52. Fawke J, Lum S, Kirkby J, Hennessy E, Marlow N, Rowell V, Thomas S, Stocks J, Lung function and respiratory symptoms at 11 years in children born extremely preterm: the EPICure study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010 182 237 45
53. Abman SH, Impaired vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in the pathogenesis of neonatal pulmonary vascular disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2010 661 323 35
54. Check J, Gotteiner N, Liu X, Su E, Porta N, Steinhorn R, Mestan KK, Fetal growth restriction and pulmonary hypertension in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol 2013 33 553 7
55. Mourani PM, Abman SH, Pulmonary vascular disease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: pulmonary hypertension and beyond. Curr Opin Pediatr 2013 25 329 37
56. Berkelhamer SK, Mestan KK, Steinhorn RH, Pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Perinatol 2013 37 124 31
57. Collaco JM, Romer LH, Stuart BD, Coulson JD, Everett AD, Lawson EE, Brenner JI, Brown AT, Nies MK, Sekar P, Nogee LM, McGrath-Morrow SA, Frontiers in pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2012 47 1042 53
58. Steinhorn RH, Kinsella JP, Abman SH, Beyond pulmonary hypertension: sildenafil for chronic lung disease of prematurity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013 48 iii v
59. Baker CD, Abman SH, Mourani PM, Pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 2014 27 8 16
60. Bhat R, Salas AA, Foster C, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N, Prospective analysis of pulmonary hypertension in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2012 129 e682 9
61. Joshi S, Powell T, Watkins WJ, Drayton M, Williams EM, Kotecha S, Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in school-aged children who had chronic lung disease in infancy. J Pediatr 2013 162 813 818.e1
62. Lum S, Kirkby J, Welsh L, Marlow N, Hennessy E, Stocks J, Nature and severity of lung function abnormalities in extremely pre-term children at 11 years of age. Eur Respir J 2011 37 1199 207
63. Narang I, Bush A, Rosenthal M, Gas transfer and pulmonary blood flow at rest and during exercise in adults 21 years after preterm birth. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009 180 339 45
64. Vollsæter M, Røksund OD, Eide GE, Markestad T, Halvorsen T, Lung function after preterm birth: development from mid-childhood to adulthood. Thorax 2013 68 767 76
65. Stern DA, Morgan WJ, Wright AL, Guerra S, Martinez FD, Poor airway function in early infancy and lung function by age 22 years: A non-selective longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 2007 370 758 64
66. Postma DS, Bush A, van den Berge M, Risk factors and early origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 2015 385 899 909
67. Filippone M, Carraro S, Baraldi E, The term "asthma" should be avoided in describing the chronic pulmonary disease of prematurity. Eur Respir J 2013 42 1430 1
68. Hutchinson EA, De Luca CR, Doyle LW, Roberts G, Anderson PJ, Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group School-age outcomes of extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight children. Pediatrics 2013 131 e1053 61
69. Kobaly K, Schluchter M, Minich N, Friedman H, Taylor HG, Wilson-Costello D, Hack M, Outcomes of extremely low birth weight (<1 kg) and extremely low gestational age (<28 weeks) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: effects of practice changes in 2000 to 2003. Pediatrics 2008 121 73 81
70. Hüppi PS, Warfield S, Kikinis R, Barnes PD, Zientara GP, Jolesz FA, Tsuji MK, Volpe JJ, Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of brain development in premature and mature newborns. Ann Neurol 1998 43 224 35
71. Limperopoulos C, Soul JS, Gauvreau K, Huppi PS, Warfield SK, Bassan H, Robertson RL, Volpe JJ, du Plessis AJ, Late gestation cerebellar growth is rapid and impeded by premature birth. Pediatrics 2005 115 688 95
72. Kinney HC, The near-term (late preterm) human brain and risk for periventricular leukomalacia: A review. Semin Perinatol 2006 30 81 8
73. Volpe JJ, Cerebellum of the premature infant: rapidly developing, vulnerable, clinically important. J Child Neurol 2009 24 1085 104
74. Soul JS, Hammer PE, Tsuji M, Saul JP, Bassan H, Limperopoulos C, Disalvo DN, Moore M, Akins P, Ringer S, Volpe JJ, Trachtenberg F, du Plessis AJ, Fluctuating pressure-passivity is common in the cerebral circulation of sick premature infants. Pediatr Res 2007 61 467 73
75. Greisen G, To autoregulate or not to autoregulate-that is no longer the question. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2009 16 207 15
76. Kapellou O, Counsell SJ, Kennea N, Dyet L, Saeed N, Stark J, Maalouf E, Duggan P, Ajayi-Obe M, Hajnal J, Allsop JM, Boardman J, Rutherford MA, Cowan F, Edwards AD, Abnormal cortical development after premature birth shown by altered allometric scaling of brain growth. PLoS Med 2006 3 e265
77. Boardman JP, Counsell SJ, Rueckert D, Kapellou O, Bhatia KK, Aljabar P, Hajnal J, Allsop JM, Rutherford MA, Edwards AD, Abnormal deep grey matter development following preterm birth detected using deformation-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2006 32 70 8
78. McQuillen PS, Ferriero DM, Perinatal subplate neuron injury: implications for cortical development and plasticity. Brain Pathol 2005 15 250 60
79. Volpe JJ, The encephalopathy of prematurity-brain injury and impaired brain development inextricably intertwined. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2009 16 167 78
80. Volpe J, Neurology of the Newborn 2008 4th ed. Philadelphia WB Saunders
81. Counsell SJ, Boardman JP, Differential brain growth in the infant born preterm: current knowledge and future developments from brain imaging. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2005 10 403 10
82. Johnson S, Marlow N, Preterm birth and childhood psychiatric disorders. Pediatr Res 2011 69 11R 8R
83. Bayley N, Bayley Scales of Infant Development 1993 2nd ed San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp
84. De Groote I, Vanhaesebrouck P, Bruneel E, Dom L, Durein I, Hasaerts D, Laroche S, Oostra A, Ortibus E, Roeyers H, van Mol C, Extremely Preterm Infants in Belgium (EPIBEL) Study Group Outcome at 3 years of age in a population-based cohort of extremely preterm infants. Obstet Gynecol 2007 110 855 64
85. Vohr BR, Wright LL, Poole WK, McDonald SA, Neuro develop mental outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants <32 weeks' gestation between 1993 and 1998. Pediatrics 2005 116 635 43
86. Kumar P, Shankaran S, Ambalavanan N, Kendrick DE, Pappas A, Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Das A, Higgins RD, NICHD Neonatal Research Network Characteristics of extremely low-birth-weight infant survivors with unimpaired outcomes at 30 months of age. J Perinatol 2013 33 800 5
87. Luu TM, Ment L, Allan W, Schneider K, Vohr BR, Executive and memory function in adolescents born very preterm. Pediatrics 2011 127 e639 46
88. CDC Cerebral Palsy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: http://www.cdc.bdd/cp/data.html. Accessed March 17, 2015
89. Nelson KB, Can we prevent cerebral palsy? N Engl J Med 2003 349 1765 9
90. Hack M, Costello DW, Decrease in frequency of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Lancet 2007 369 7 8
91. Reid SM, Carlin JB, Reddihough DS, Rates of cerebral palsy in Victoria, Australia, 1970 to 2004: has there been a change? Dev Med Child Neurol 2011 53 907 12
92. Platt MJ, Cans C, Johnson A, Surman G, Topp M, Torrioli MG, Krageloh-Mann I, Trends in cerebral palsy among infants of very low birthweight (<1500 g) or born prematurely (<32 weeks) in 16 European centres: A database study. Lancet 2007 369 43 50
93. Bonifacio SL, Glass HC, Peloquin S, Ferriero DM, A new neurological focus in neonatal intensive care. Nat Rev Neurol 2011 7 485 94
94. de Vries LS, van Haastert IC, Benders MJ, Groenendaal F, Myth: cerebral palsy cannot be predicted by neonatal brain imaging. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011 16 279 87
95. Glass HC, Bonifacio SL, Peloquin S, Shimotake T, Sehring S, Sun Y, Sullivan J, Rogers E, Barkovich AJ, Rowitch D, Ferriero DM, Neurocritical care for neonates. Neurocrit Care 2010 12 421 9
96. De Vries LS, Van Haastert IL, Rademaker KJ, Koopman C, Groenendaal F, Ultrasound abnormalities preceding cerebral palsy in high-risk preterm infants. J Pediatr 2004 144 815 20
97. Ment LR, Bada HS, Barnes P, Grant PE, Hirtz D, Papile LA, Pinto-Martin J, Rivkin M, Slovis TL, Practice parameter: neuroimaging of the neonate: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2002 58 1726 38
98. Perlman JM, Rollins N, Surveillance protocol for the detection of intracranial abnormalities in premature neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000 154 822 6
99. Leijser LM, de Bruïne FT, van der Grond J, Steggerda SJ, Walther FJ, van Wezel-Meijler G, Is sequential cranial ultrasound reliable for detection of white matter injury in very preterm infants? Neuroradiology 2010 52 397 406
100. Miller SP, Cozzio CC, Goldstein RB, Ferriero DM, Partridge JC, Vigneron DB, Barkovich AJ, Comparing the diagnosis of white matter injury in premature newborns with serial MR imaging and transfontanel ultrasonography findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003 24 1661 9
101. Inder TE, Anderson NJ, Spencer C, Wells S, Volpe JJ, White matter injury in the premature infant: A comparison between serial cranial sonographic and MR findings at term. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003 24 805 9
102. Steggerda SJ, Leijser LM, Wiggers-de Bruïne FT, van der Grond J, Walther FJ, van Wezel-Meijler G, Cerebellar injury in preterm infants: incidence and findings on US and MR images. Radiology 2009 252 190 9
103. Tam EW, Rosenbluth G, Rogers EE, Ferriero DM, Glidden D, Goldstein RB, Glass HC, Piecuch RE, Barkovich AJ, Cerebellar hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging in preterm newborns associated with abnormal neurologic outcome. J Pediatr 2011 158 245 50
104. El-Dib M, Massaro AN, Bulas D, Aly H, Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants. Am J Perinatol 2010 27 803 18
105. Woodward LJ, Clark CA, Pritchard VE, Anderson PJ, Inder TE, Neonatal white matter abnormalities predict global executive function impairment in children born very preterm. Dev Neuropsychol 2011 36 22 41
106. Maalouf EF, Duggan PJ, Counsell SJ, Rutherford MA, Cowan F, Azzopardi D, Edwards AD, Comparison of findings on cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in preterm infants. Pediatrics 2001 107 719 27
107. Counsell SJ, Tranter SL, Rutherford MA, Magnetic resonance imaging of brain injury in the high-risk term infant. Semin Perinatol 2010 34 67 78
108. Barkovich AJ, MR imaging of the neonatal brain. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2006 16 117 35
109. Mirmiran M, Barnes PD, Keller K, Constantinou JC, Fleisher BE, Hintz SR, Ariagno RL, Neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging before discharge is better than serial cranial ultrasound in predicting cerebral palsy in very low birth weight preterm infants. Pediatrics 2004 114 992 8
110. Mathur AM, Neil JJ, McKinstry RC, Inder TE, Transport, monitoring, and successful brain MR imaging in unsedated neonates. Pediatr Radiol 2008 38 260 4
111. Brenner DJ, Should we be concerned about the rapid increase in CT usage? Rev Environ Health 2010 25 63 8
112. Perlman JM, Wyllie J, Kattwinkel J, Atkins DL, Chameides L, Goldsmith JP, Guinsburg R, Hazinski MF, Morley C, Richmond S, Simon WM, Singhal N, Szyld E, Tamura M, Velaphi S, Neonatal Resuscitation Chapter Collaborators Neonatal resuscitation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Pediatrics 2010 126 e1319 44
113. McCann ME, Schouten AN, Dobija N, Munoz C, Stephenson L, Poussaint TY, Kalkman CJ, Hickey PR, de Vries LS, Tasker RC, Infantile postoperative encephalopathy: perioperative factors as a cause for concern. Pediatrics 2014 133 e751 7
114. Rutherford M, Ramenghi LA, Edwards AD, Brocklehurst P, Halliday H, Levene M, Strohm B, Thoresen M, Whitelaw A, Azzopardi D, Assessment of brain tissue injury after moderate hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: A nested substudy of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2010 9 39 45
115. Bonifacio SL, Glass HC, Vanderpluym J, Agrawal AT, Xu D, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM, Perinatal events and early magnetic resonance imaging in therapeutic hypothermia. J Pediatr 2011 158 360 5
116. Tagin MA, Woolcott CG, Vincer MJ, Whyte RK, Stinson DA, Hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012 166 558 66