Chronic fatigue syndrome and circulating cytokines: A systematic review

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Volumn 50, Issue , 2015, Pages 186-195

  Blundell, S ^a   Ray, K K ^b   Buckland, M ^c   White, P D ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b EAST LONDON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c BARTS HEALTH NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Chemokine; Chronic fatigue syndrome; Cytokine; Immune system; Myalgic encephalomyelitis; Pathophysiology; Systematic review; Transforming growth factor beta

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; CYTOKINE;

ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; COHORT ANALYSIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; BLOOD; FEMALE; IMMUNOLOGY; MALE;

CYTOKINES; FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 84936972315     PISSN: 08891591     EISSN: 10902139     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.004     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Acheson E.D. The clinical syndrome variously called benign myalgic encephalomyelitis, Iceland disease and epidemic neuromyasthenia. Am. J. Med. 1959, 26:569-595.
2. Al-Harthi L., Wright D.J., Anderson D., Cohen M., Matity Ahu D., Cohn J., Cu-Unvin S., Burns D., Reichelderfer P., Lewis S., Beckner S., Kovacs A., Landay A. The impact of the ovulatory cycle on cytokine production: evaluation of systemic, cervicovaginal, and salivary compartments. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 2000, 20:719-724.
3. Alvarez-Rodriguez L., Lopez-Hoyos M., Munoz-Cacho P., Martinez-Taboada V.M. Aging is associated with circulating cytokine dysregulation. Cell. Immunol. 2012, 273:124-132.
4. Bennett A.L., Chao C.C., Hu S.X., Buchwald D., Fagioli L.R., Schur P.H., Peterson P.K., Komaroff A.L. Elevation of bioactive transforming growth factor-beta in serum from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Clin. Immunol. 1997, 17:160-166.
5. Broderick G., Katz B.Z., Fernandes H., Fletcher M.A., Klimas N., Smith F.A., O'Gorman M.R.G., Vernon S.D., Taylor R. Cytokine expression profiles of immune imbalance in post-mononucleosis chronic fatigue. J. Transl. Med. 2012, 10.
6. Brurberg K.G., Fønhus M.S., Larun L., Flottorp S., Malterud K. Case definitions for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): a systematic review. BMJ Open 2014, 4:e003973.
7. Buchwald D., Wener M.H., Pearlman T., Kith P. Markers of inflammation and immune activation in chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Rheumatol. 1997, 24:372-376.
8. Cannon J.G., Angel J.B., Ball R.W., Abad L.W., Fagioli L., Komaroff A.L. Acute phase responses and cytokine secretion in chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Clin. Immunol. 1999, 19:414-421.
9. Centola M., Cavet G., Shen Y., Ramanujan S., Knowlton N., Swan K.A., Turner M., Sutton C., Smith D.R., Haney D.J., Chernoff D., Hesterberg L.K., Carulli J.P., Taylor P.C., Shadick N.A., Weinblatt M.E., Curtis J.R. Development of a multi-biomarker disease activity test for rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS ONE 2014, 8:e60635.
10. Chao C.C., Ala T.A., Hu S., Crossley K.B., Sherman R.E., Peterson P.K., Frey W.H. Serum cytokine levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 1994, 1:433-436.
11. Chao C.C., Janoff E.N., Hu S.X., Thomas K., Gallagher M., Tsang M., Peterson P.K. Altered cytokine release in peripheral-blood mononuclear cell-cultures from patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Cytokine 1991, 3:292-298.
12. Chauffier K., Salliot C., Berenbaum F., Sellam J. Effect of biotherapies on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012, 51:60-68.
13. Cheney P.R., Dorman S.E., Bell D.S. Interleukin-2 and the chronic faitgue syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 1989, 110:321.
14. Costigan M., Moss A., Latremoliere A., Johnston C., Verma-Gandhu M., Herbert T.A., Barrett L., Brenner G.J., Vardeh D., Woolf C.J., Fitzgerald M. T-cell infiltration and signaling in the adult dorsal spinal cord is a major contributor to neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:14415-14422.
15. Dantzer R., O'Connor J.C., Freund G.G., Johnson R.W., Kelley K.W. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 9:46-56.
16. Feagins L.A. Role of transforming growth factor-β in inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated colon cancer. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2010, 16:1963-1968.
17. Felger J.C., Lotrich F.E. Inflammatory cytokines in depression: neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Neuroscience 2013, 246:199-229.
18. Flavell R.A., Sanjabi S., Wrzesinski S.H., Licona-Limon P. The polarization of immune cells in the tumour environment by TGFbeta. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2010, 10:554-567.
19. Fletcher M.A., Zeng X.R., Barnes Z., Levis S., Klimas N.G. Plasma cytokines in women with chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Transl. Med. 2009, 7:96.
20. Fukuda K., Straus S.E., Hickie I., Sharpe M.C., Dobbins J.G., Komaroff A. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Ann. Intern. Med. 1994, 121:953-959.
21. Gaertner R.F., Wyss-Coray T., Von Euw D., Lesne S., Vivien D., Lacombe P. Reduced brain tissue perfusion in TGF-beta 1 transgenic mice showing Alzheimer's disease-like cerebrovascular abnormalities. Neurobiol. Dis. 2005, 19:38-46.
22. Garcia M.N., Hause A.M., Walker C.M., Orange J.S., Hasbun R., Murray K.O. Evaluation of prolonged fatigue post-West Nile virus infection and association of fatigue with elevated antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines. Viral Immunol. 2014, 27:327-333.
23. Glaser R., Kiecolt-Glaser J.K. Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2005, 5:243-251.
24. Hauser G., Awad T., Brok J., Thorlund K., Stimac D., Mabrouk M., Gluud C., Gluud L.L. Peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014, 2. CD005441.
25. Hickie I., Davenport T., Wakefield D., Vollmer-Conna U., Cameron B., Vernon S.D., Reeves W.C., Lloyd A. Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2006, 333:575. Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study G.
26. Holmes G.P., Kaplan J.E., Gantz N.M., Komaroff A.L., Schonberger L.B., Straus S.E., Jones J.F., Dubois R.E., Cunningham-Rundles C., Pahwa S., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a working case definition. Ann. Intern. Med. 1988, 108:387-389.
27. Hornig M., Montoya J.G., Klimas N.G., Levine S., Felsenstein D., Bateman L., Peterson D.L., Gottschalk C.G., Schultz A.F., Che X., Eddy M.L., Komaroff A.L., Lipkin W.I. Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME/CFS are present early in the course of illness. Sci. Adv. 2015, 1:e1400121.
28. Inoue K., Yamazaki H., Manabe Y., Fukuda C., Hanai K., Fushiki T. Transforming growth factor-beta activated during exercise in brain depresses spontaneous motor activity of animals. Relevance to central fatigue. Brain Res. 1999, 846:145-153.
29. Jammes Y., Steinberg J.G., Delliaux S., Bregeon F. Chronic fatigue syndrome combines increased exercise-induced oxidative stress and reduced cytokine and Hsp responses. J. Intern. Med. 2009, 266:196-206.
30. Ji R.R., Berta T., Nedergaard M. Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy?. Pain 2013, 154(Suppl. 1). S10-28.
31. Kanhere A., Hertweck A., Bhatia U., Gokmen M.R., Perucha E., Jackson I., Lord G.M., Jenner R.G. T-bet and GATA3 orchestrate Th1 and Th2 differentiation through lineage-specific targeting of distal regulatory elements. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3:1268.
32. Kennedy G., Spence V., Underwood C., Belch J.J. Increased neutrophil apoptosis in chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Clin. Pathol. 2004, 57:891-893.
33. Khaiboullina S.F., DeMeirleir K.L., Rawat S., Berk G.S., Gaynor-Berk R.S., Mijatovic T., Blatt N., Rizvanov A.A., Young S.G., Lombardi V.C. Cytokine expression provides clues to the pathophysiology of Gulf War illness and myalgic encephalomyelitis. Cytokine 2014, 72:1-8.
34. Kubera M., Kenis G., Bosmans E., Kajta M., Basta-Kaim A., Scharpe S., Budziszewska B., Maes M. Stimulatory effect of antidepressants on the production of IL-6. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2004, 4:185-192.
35. Kubera M., Maes M., Kenis G., Kim Y.K., Lason W. Effects of serotonin and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Psychiatry Res. 2005, 134:251-258.
36. Lafyatis R. Transforming growth factor beta-at the centre of systemic sclerosis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 2014, 10:706-719.
37. Lattie E.G., Antoni M.H., Fletcher M.A., Penedo F., Czaja S., Lopez C., Perdomo D., Sala A., Nair S., Fu S.H., Klimas N. Stress management skills, neuroimmune processes and fatigue levels in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav. Immun. 2012, 26:849-858.
38. Linde A., Andersson B., Svenson S.B., Ahrne H., Carlsson M., Forsberg P., Hugo H., Karstorp A., Lenkei R., et al. Serum levels of lymphokines and soluble cellular receptors in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection and in the patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Infect. Dis. 1992, 165:996-1000.
39. Lloyd A., Gandevia S., Brockman A., Hales J., Wakefield D. Cytokine production and fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy control subjects in reponse to exercise. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1994, 18:S142-S146.
40. Lloyd A., Hickie I., Brockman A., Dwyer J., Wakefield D. Cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and control subjects. J. Infect. Dis. 1991, 164:1023-1024.
41. Lorusso L., Mikhaylova S.V., Capelli E., Ferrari D., Ngonga G.K., Ricevuti G. Immunological aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome. Autoimmun. Rev. 2009, 8:287-291.
42. Lyall M., Peakman M., Wessely S. A systematic review and critical evaluation of the immunology of chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Psychosom. Res. 2003, 55:79-90.
43. MacDonald K.L., Osterholm M.T., LeDell K.H., White K.E., Schenck C.H., Chao C.C., Persing D.H., Johnson R.C., Barker J.M., Peterson P.K. A case-control study to assess possible triggers and cofactors in chronic fatigue syndrome. Am. J. Med. 1996, 100:548-554.
44. Maes M., Ringel K., Kubera M., Anderson G., Morris G., Galecki P., Geffard M. In myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, increased autoimmune activity against 5-HT is associated with immuno-inflammatory pathways and bacterial translocation. J. Affect. Disord. 2013, 150:223-230.
45. Maes M., Twisk F.N.M., Kubera M., Ringel K. Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin. J. Affect. Disord. 2012, 136:933-939.
46. Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement. Open Med. 2009, 3:e123-e130. P. Group.
47. Nakamura T., Schwander S., Donnelly R., Cook D.B., Ortega F., Togo F., Yamamoto Y., Cherniack N.S., Klapholz M., Rapoport D., Natelson B.H. Exercise and sleep deprivation do not change cytokine expression levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2013, 20:1736-1742.
48. Nakamura T., Schwander S.K., Donnelly R., Ortega F., Togo F., Broderick G., Yamamoto Y., Cherniack N.S., Rapoport D., Natelson B.H. Cytokines across the night in chronic fatigue syndrome with and without fibromyalgia. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2010, 17:582-587.
49. Nakatomi Y., Mizuno K., Ishii A., Wada Y., Tanaka M., Tazawa S., Onoe K., Fukuda S., Kawabe J., Takahashi K., Kataoka Y., Shiomi S., Yamaguti K., Inaba M., Kuratsune H., Watanabe Y. Neuroinflammation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an 11C-(R)-PK11195 PET study. J. Nucl. Med. 2014, 55:945-950.
50. Nas K., Cevik R., Batum S., Sarac A.J., Acar S., Kalkanli S. Immunologic and psychosocial status in chronic fatigue syndrome. Bratisl. Med. J. 2011, 112:208-212.
51. Natelson B.H., Weaver S.A., Tseng C.L., Ottenweller J.E. Spinal fluid abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 2005, 12:52-55.
52. Nater U.M., Youngblood L.S., Jones J.F., Unger E.R., Miller A.H., Reeves W.C., Heim C. Alterations in diurnal salivary cortisol rhythm in a population-based sample of cases with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom. Med. 2008, 70:298-305.
53. Neu D., Mairesse O., Montana X., Gilson M., Corazza F., Lefevre N., Linkowski P., Le Bon O., Verbanck P. Dimensions of pure chronic fatigue: psychophysical, cognitive and biological correlates in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2014, 114:1841-1851.
54. Nijs J., Nees A., Paul L., De Kooning M., Ickmans K., Meeus M., Van Oosterwijck J. Altered immune response to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic literature review. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2014, 20:94-116.
55. Nijs J., Van Oosterwijck J., Meeus M., Lambrecht L., Metzger K., Fremont M., Paul L. Unravelling the nature of postexertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of elastase, complement C4a and interleukin-1beta. J. Intern. Med. 2009, 267:418-435.
56. Nikolaus S., Bode C., Taal E., van de Laar M.A.F.J. Fatigue and factors related to fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Arthritis Care Res. 2013, 65:1128-1146.
57. Ouchi N., Parker J.L., Lugus J.J., Walsh K. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2011, 11:85-97.
58. Papadopoulos A.S., Cleare A.J. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2012, 8:22-32.
59. Papadopoulou E., Anagnostopoulos K., Tripsianis G., Tentes I., Kakolyris S., Galazios G., Sivridis E., Simopoulos K., Kortsaris A. Evaluation of predictive and prognostic significance of serum TGF-beta1 levels in breast cancer according to HER-2 codon 655 polymorphism. Neoplasma 2008, 55:229-238.
60. Patarca R., Klimas N.G., Lugtendorf S., Antoni M., Fletcher M.A. Dysregulated expression of tumor-necrosis-factor in chronic fatigue syndrome - interelations with cellular sources and patterns of soluble immune mediator expression. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1994, 18:S147-S153.
61. Peterson P.K., Sirr S.A., Grammith F.C., Schenck C.H., Pheley A.M., Hu S., Chao C.C. Effects of mild exercise on cytokines and cerebral blood flow in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 1994, 1:222-226.
62. Prins J.B., van der Meer J.W., Bleijenberg G. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 2006, 367:346-355.
63. Raison C.L., Lin J.M., Reeves W.C. Association of peripheral inflammatory markers with chronic fatigue in a population-based sample. Brain Behav. Immun. 2009, 23:327-337.
64. Reeves W.C., Lloyd A., Vernon S.D., Klimas N., Jason L.A., Bleijenberg G., Evengard B., White P.D., Nisenbaum R., Unger E.R. Identification of ambiguities in the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome research case definition and recommendations for resolution. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2003, 3:25.
65. Robinson M., Gray S.R., Watson M.S., Kennedy G., Hill A., Belch J.J.F., Nimmo M.A. Plasma IL-6, its soluble receptors and F-2-isoprostanes at rest and during exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2010, 20:282-290.
66. Sambuelli A., Diez R.A., Sugai E., Boerr L., Negreira S., Gil A., Camartino G., Huernos S., Doldan I., Felstiner D., Bai J.C. Serum transforming growth factor-beta1 levels increase in response to successful anti-inflammatory therapy in ulcerative colitis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2000, 14:1443-1449.
67. Scully P., McKernan D.P., Keohane J., Groeger D., Shanahan F., Dinan T.G., Quigley E.M. Plasma cytokine profiles in females with irritable bowel syndrome and extra-intestinal co-morbidity. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2010, 105:2235-2243.
68. Shephard R.J. Cytokine responses to physical activity, with particular reference to IL-6: sources, actions, and clinical implications. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 2002, 22:165-182.
69. Smylie A.L., Broderick G., Fernandes H., Razdan S., Barnes Z., Collado F., Sol C., Fletcher M.A., Klimas N. A comparison of sex-specific immune signatures in Gulf War illness and chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Immunol. 2013, 14:29.
70. Spence V.A., Kennedy G., Belch J.J.F., Hill A., Khan F. Low-grade inflammation and arterial wave reflection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin. Sci. 2008, 114:561-566.
71. Straus S.E., Dale J.K., Peter J.B., Dinarello C.A. Circulating lymphokine levels in the chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Infect. Dis. 1989, 160:1085-1086.
72. Swanink C.M.A., Vercoulen J.H.M.M., Galama J.M.D., Roos M.T.L., Meyaard L., van der Ven-Jongekrijg J., de Nijs R., Bleijenberg G., Fennis J.F.M., Miedema F., van der Meer J.W.M. Lymphocyte subsets, apoptosis, and cytokines in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J. Infect. Dis. 1996, 173:460-463.
73. Ur E., White P.D., Grossman A. Hypothesis: cytokines may be activated to cause depressive illness and chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1992, 241:317-322.
74. Visser J., Graffelman W., Blauw B., Haspels I., Lentjes E., de Kloet E.R., Nagelkerken L. LPS-induced IL-10 production in whole blood cultures from chronic fatigue syndrome patients is increased but supersensitive to inhibition by dexamethasone. J. Neuroimmunol. 2001, 119:343-349.
75. Vollmer-Conna U., Aslakson E., White P.D. An empirical delineation of the heterogeneity of chronic unexplained fatigue in women. Pharmacogenomics 2006, 7:355-364.
76. Vollmer-Conna U., Cameron B., Hadzi-Pavlovic D., Singletary K., Davenport T., Vernon S., Reeves W.C., Hickie I., Wakefield D., Lloyd A.R. Postinfective fatigue syndrome is not associated with altered cytokine production. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2007, 45:732-735.
77. Vollmer-Conna U., Piraino B.F., Cameron B., Davenport T., Hickie I., Wakefield D., Lloyd A.R. Cytokine polymorphisms have a synergistic effect on severity of the acute sickness response to infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008, 47:1418-1425. Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study G.
78. Wahl S.M. Transforming growth factor-beta: innately bipolar. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2007, 19:55-62.
79. Wells, G., Shea, B., O'Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M., Tugwell, P., The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp.
80. White A.T., Light A.R., Hughen R.W., Bateman L., Martins T.B., Hill H.R., Light K.C. Severity of symptom flare after moderate exercise is linked to cytokine activity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychophysiology 2010, 47:615-624.
81. White P.D., Nye K.E., Pinching A.J., Yap T.M., Power N., Vleck V., Bentley D.J., Thomas J.M., Buckland M., Parkin J.M. Immunological Changes After Both Exercise and Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J. Chronic Fatig. Syndr. 2004, 12:51-66.
82. White P.D., Pinching A.J., Rakib A., Castle M., Hedge B., Priebe S. A comparison of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome attending separate fatigue clinics based in immunology and psychiatry. J. R. Soc. Med. 2002, 95:440-444.
83. Wilson A., Hickie I., Hadzi-Pavlovic D., Wakefield D., Parker G., Straus S.E., Dale J., McCluskey D., Hinds G., Brickman A., Goldenberg D., Demitrack M., Blakely T., Wessely S., Sharpe M., Lloyd A. What is chronic fatigue syndrome? Heterogeneity within an international multicentre study. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2001, 35:520-527.
84. Wyller V.B., Sorensen O., Sulheim D., Fagermoen E., Ueland T., Mollnes T.E. Plasma cytokine expression in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav. Immun. 2015, 46:80-86.
85. Zorena K., Malinowska E., Raczynska D., Mysliwiec M., Raczynska K. Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-Beta 1 in predicting the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in juvenile patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J. Diabet. Res. 2013, 2013:614908.