Trichothecene triangle: Toxins, genes, and plant disease

Phytochemicals, Plant Growth, and the Environment

Volumn 42, Issue , 2013, Pages 1-17

  McCormick, Susan P ^a   Alexander, Nancy J ^a   Proctor, Robert H ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84936855900     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4066-6_1     Document Type: Chapter

References (76)

1. Desjardins AE (2003) Trichothecenes: from yellow rain to green wheat. ASM News 69:182
2. McLaughlin CS et al (1977) Inhibition of protein synthesis by trichothecenes. In: Rodricks HV, Hesseltine CW, Mehlman MA (eds) Mycotoxins in human and animal health. Pathotox, IL
3. Ueno Y (1985) The toxicology of mycotoxins. Crit Rev Toxicol 14:99
4. Feinberg B, McLaughlin CS (1989) Biochemical mechanism of actions of trichothecene mycotoxins. In: Beasley VR (ed) Trichothecene mycotoxicoses: pathophysiologic effects. CRC, FL
5. Cosette F, Miller JD (1995) Phytotoxic effects of deoxynivalenol and gibberella ear rot resistance of corn. Nat Toxins 3:383
6. McLaughlin JE et al (2009) A genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a critical role for the mitochondria in the toxicity of a trichothecene mycotoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:21883
7. Pestka JJ (2008) Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced gene expression and apoptosis. Food Addit Contam 22:1128
8. Kimura M et al (1998) Features of Tri101, the trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase gene, related to the self-defense mechanism in Fusarium graminearum. Biosci Biotech Biochem 62:1033
9. McCormick SP (2009) Phytotoxicity of trichothecenes. In: Appell M, Kendra DF, Trucksess MW (eds) Mycotoxin prevention and control in agriculture. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
10. McMullen M et al (1997) Scab of wheat and barley: a re-emerging disease of devastating impact. Plant Dis 81:1340
11. Proctor RH et al (1995) Reduced virulence of Gibberella zeae caused by disruption of a trichothecene toxin biosynthetic gene. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 61:1923
12. Proctor RH et al (1997) Restoration of wild-type virulence to Tri5 disruption mutants of Gibberella zeae via gene reversion and mutant complementation. Microbiology 143:2583
13. Desjardins AE et al (1996) Reduced virulence of trichothecene-non-producing mutants of Gibberella zeae in wheat field tests. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9:1996
14. Jansen C et al (2005) Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:16892
15. Zamir LO et al (1991) Biosynthesis of trichothecenes: oxygenation steps post-trichodiene. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1991:1033
16. Zamir LO et al (1990) Biosynthesis of Fusarium culmorum trichothecenes: the roles of isotrichodermin and 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene. J Biol Chem 265:6713
17. Hesketh AR et al (1991) Biosynthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins: identification of isotrichodiol as a post-trichodiene intermediate. Phytochemistry 30:2237
18. McCormick SP et al (1999) Disruption of TRI101, the gene encoding trichothecene 3- O -acetyltransferase, from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:5252
19. McCormick SP, Alexander NJ (2002) Fusarium Tri8 encodes a trichothecene C-3 esterase. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:2959
20. Alexander NJ et al (1999) TRI12, a trichothecene efflux pump from Fusarium sporotrichioides: gene isolation and expression in yeast. Mol Gen Genet 261:977
21. Meek IB et al (2003) Tri1 encodes the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for C-8 hydroxylation during trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:1607
22. Peplow AW et al (2003) Tri16 is required for esterification of position C-8 during trichothecene mycotoxin production by Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:5935
23. McCormick SP et al (2004) Tri1 in Fusarium graminearum encodes a P450 oxygenase. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:2044
24. Beremand MN, McCormick SP (1992) Biosynthesis and regulation of trichothecene production by Fusarium species. In: Bhatnagar D, Lillihoj EB, Arora DK (eds) Mycotoxins in ecological systems. Marcel Dekker, NY, pp 359-384
25. Beremand MN (1987) Isolation and characterization of mutants blocked in T-2 toxin biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:1855
26. Beremand MN et al (1988) Leucine auxotrophy specifically alters the pattern of trichothecene production in a T-2 toxin-producing strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:2759
27. McCormick SP et al (1990) Bioconversion of possible T-2 toxin precursors by a mutant strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:702
28. Hohn TM, VanMiddlesworth F (1986) Purification and characterization of the sesquiterpene cyclase trichodiene synthetase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Arch Biochem Biophys 251:756
29. Alexander NJ et al (1998) The TRI11 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase required for C-15 hydroxylation in trichothecene biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:221
30. McCormick SP et al (1996) Accumulation of trichothecenes in liquid cultures of a Fusarium sporotrichioides mutant lacking a functional trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:353
31. Kimura M et al (2003) The trichothecene biosynthesis gene cluster of Fusarium graminearum F15 contains a limited number of essential pathway genes and expressed non-essential genes. FEBS Lett 539:105
32. Hohn TM, Beremand PD (1989) Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a sesquiterpene cyclase gene from the trichothecene-producing fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides. Gene 79:131
33. Hohn TM et al (1993) Evidence for a gene cluster involving trichothecene-pathway biosynthetic genes in Fusarium sporotrichioides. Curr Genet 24:291
34. McCormick SP et al (1989) New modified trichothecene accumulated in solid culture by mutant strains of Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:2195
35. Hohn TM et al (1995) The Tri4 gene of Fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in trichothecene biosynthesis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 248:95
36. McCormick SP et al (2006) Fusarium Tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis. Can J Microbiol 52:636
37. Tokai T et al (2007) Fusarium Tri4 encodes a key multifunctional cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for four consecutive oxygenation steps in trichothecene biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 353:412
38. Alexander NJ et al (1999) Phytotoxicity of selected trichothecenes using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system. Nat Toxins 7:265
39. Brown DW et al (2002) Inactivation of a cytochrome P-450 is a determinant of trichothecene diversity in Fusarium species. Fungal Genet Biol 36:224
40. Brown DW et al (2001) A genetic and biochemical approach to study trichothecene diversity in Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 32:121
41. Brown DW et al (2003) Characterization of a Fusarium 2-gene cluster involved in trichothecene C-8 modification. J Agric Food Chem 51:5936
42. Proctor RH et al (1995) Tri6 encodes an unusual zinc finger protein involved in regulation of trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium sporotrichioides. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1923
43. Tag AG et al (2001) A novel regulatory gene, Tri10, controls trichothecene toxin production and gene expression. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:5294
44. Trapp SE et al (1998) Characterization of the gene cluster for biosynthesis of macrocyclic trichothecenes in Myrothecium roridum. Mol Gen Genet 257:421
45. McCormick SP, Alexander NJ (2007) Myrothecium roridum Tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for three oxygenation steps. Can J Microbiol 53:572
46. Brown DW et al (2004) Functional demarcation of the Fusarium core trichothecene gene cluster. Fungal Genet Biol 41:454
47. Proctor RH et al (2009) Evidence that a secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene cluster has grown by gene relocation during evolution of the filamentous fungus. Fusarium 74:1128
48. McCormick SP et al (2006) Heterologous expression of two trichothecene P450 genes in Fusarium verticillioides. Can J Microbiol 52:220
49. Gale LR et al (2011) Nivalenol type populations of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum are prevalent on wheat in southern Louisiana. Phytopathology 101:124
50. Lee T et al (2002) Tri13 and Tri7 determine deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing chemotypes of Gibberella zeae. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:2148
51. Chandler EA et al (2003) Development of PCR assays to Tri7 and Tri13 trichothecene biosynthetic genes, and characterization of chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium cerealis. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 62:355
52. Ward TJ et al (2008) An adaptive evolutionary shift in Fusarium head blight pathogen populations is driving the rapid spread of more toxigenic Fusarium graminearum in North America. Fungal Genet Biol 45:473
53. von der Ohe C et al (2010) A comparison of aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol production between Canadian Fusarium graminearum isolates with 3-acetyl and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotypes in field-grown spring wheat. Eur J Plant Pathol 127:407
54. Gilbert J et al (2010) Relative aggressiveness and production of 3- or 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol by Fusarium graminearum in spring wheat. Can J Plant Pathol 32:146
55. Starkey DE et al (2007) Global molecular surveillance reveals novel Fusarium head blight species and trichothecene toxin diversity. Fungal Genet Biol 44:1191
56. Alexander NJ et al (2010) The genetic basis for 3-ADON and 15-ADON trichothecene chemotypes in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 48:485
57. Garvey GS et al (2009) Structural and functional characterization of TRI3 trichothecene 15-O-acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Protein Sci 18:747
58. Drablos F, Petersen SB (1997) Identification of conserved residues in family of esterase and lipase sequences. Methods Enzymol 284:28
59. McCormick SP et al (2010) CLM1 of Fusarium graminearum encodes a longiborneol synthase required for culmorin production. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:136
60. Ghebremeskel M, Langseth W (2000) The occurrence of culmorin and hydroxy-culmorins in cereals. Mycopathologia 152:103
61. Langseth W et al (2000) Production of culmorin compounds and other secondary metabolites by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum strains isolated from Norwegian cereals. Mycopathologia 152:23
62. Wang YZ, Miller JD (1988) Effects of Fusarium graminearum metabolites on wheat tissue in relation to Fusarium head blight resistance. J Phytopathol 122:118
63. Kimura M et al (1998) Trichothecene 3- O -acetyltransferase protects both the producing organism and transformed yeast from related mycotoxins. J Biol Chem 273:1654
64. Muhitch MJ et al (2000) Transgenic expression of the TRI101 or PDR5 gene increases resistance of tobacco to the phytotoxic effects of the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. Protein Sci 157:201
65. Desjardins AE et al (2007) Structure-activity relationships of trichothecene toxins in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf assay. J Agric Food Chem 55:6487
66. Okubara PA et al (2002) Engineering deoxynivalenol metabolism in wheat through the expression of a fungal trichothecene acetyltransferase gene. Theor Appl Genet 106:74
67. Garvey GS et al (2008) Structural and functional characterization of the TRI101 trichothecene 3-0-acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum: kinetic insights to combating Fusarium head blight. J Biol Chem 283:1660
68. Tokai T et al (2005) Concordant evolution of trichothecene 3- O -acetyltransferase and an rDNA species phylogeny of trichothecene-producing and non-producing fusaria and other ascomycetous fungi. Microbiology 151:509
69. Alexander NJ et al (2002) The identification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene AYT1 (ORF-YLLO63c) encoding an acetyltransferase. Yeast 19:1425
70. Park JJ, Chu FS (1996) Partial purification and characterization of an esterase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Nat Toxins 4:108
71. Shima JS et al (1997) Novel detoxification of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by a soil bacterium isolated by enrichment culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3825
72. Berthiller F et al (2009) Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and its 3-beta-D-glucoside in wheat and maize. Food Addit Contam 26:507
73. Schweiger W et al (2010) Validation of a candidate deoxynivalenol-inactivating UDPglucosyltransferase from barley by heterologous expression in yeast. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 23:977
74. Berthiller F et al (2005) Masked mycotoxins: determination of a deoxynivalenol glucoside in artificially and naturally contaminated wheat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 53:3421
75. Swanson SP et al (1987) Preparation and characterization of the deepoxy trichothecenes: deepoxy HT-2, deepoxy T-2 triol, deepoxy T-2 tetraol, deepoxy 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol, and deepoxy scirpentriol. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:2821
76. Guan S et al (2009) Transformation of trichothecene mycotoxins by microorganisms from fish digesta. Aquaculture 290:290