Brothers and sisters in arms: Intergroup cooperation in a violent shooter game can reduce intergroup bias

Psychology of Violence

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 455-462

  Adachi, Paul J C ^a   Hodson, Gordon ^a   Willoughby, Teena ^a   Zanette, Sarah ^b  

^a BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

intergroup bias; intergroup cooperation; prejudice; violent video games

Indexed keywords

EID: 84935015952     PISSN: 21520828     EISSN: 2152081X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0037407     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Adachi, P. J. C., Willoughby, T. (2011a). The effect of violent video games on aggression: Is it more than just the violence? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16, 55-62. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2010.12.002
2. Adachi, P. J. C., Willoughby, T. (2011b). The effect of video game competition and violence on aggressive behavior: Which characteristic has the greatest influence? Psychology of Violence, 1, 259-274. doi: 10.1037/a0024908
3. Adachi, P. J. C., Willoughby, T. (2013a). Do video games promote positive youth development? Journal of Adolescent Research, 28, 155-165. doi:10.1177/0743558412464522
4. Adachi, P. J. C., Willoughby, T. (2013b). Demolishing the competition: The longitudinal link between competitive video games, competitive gambling, and aggression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1090-1104. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9952-2
5. Alferes, V. R., Kenny, D. A. (2009). SPSS programs for the measurement of nonindependence in standard dyadic designs. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 47-54. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.1.47
6. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
7. Anderson, C. A., Ihori, N., Bushman, B. J., Rothsetin, H. R., Shibuya, A., Swing, E. L., Saleem, M. (2010). Video Game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior and eastern and western countries: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 151-173. doi: 10.1037/a0018251
8. Barlett, C. P., Branch, O., Rodeheffer, C., Harris, R. (2009). How long do the short-term violent video game effects last? Aggressive Behavior, 35, 1-12. doi:10.1002/ab.20301
9. Biscotti, F., Blau, B., Lovelock, J.-D., Nguyen, T. H., Erensen, J., Verma, S., Liu, V. (2011). Market trends: Gaming ecosystem, 2011. Retrieved from Gartner Newsroom: http://www.gartner.com/it/p.jsp?id-1737414
10. Crisp, R. J., Turner, R. N. (2012). The imagined contact hypothesis. In J. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 46, pp. 125-182). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
11. Dijker, A. J. M. (1987). Emotional reactions to ethnic minorities. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 305-325. doi:10.1002/ejsp .2420170306
12. Dovidio, J. F., Hewstone, M., Glick, P., Esses, V. M. (2010). Prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: Theoretical and empirical overview. In J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick, & V. M. Esses (pp. 3-28). The SAGE handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. London, UK: SAGE.
13. Ferguson, C. J. (2007). Evidence for publication bias in video game violence effects literature: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 470-482. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2007.01.001
14. Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Violent video games and the Supreme Court: Lessons for the scientific community in the wake of Brown v. EMA. American Psychologist, 68, 57-74. doi:10.1037/a0030597
15. Ferguson, C. J., Dyck, D. (2012). Paradigm change in aggression research: The time has come to retire the General Aggression Model. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 220-228. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012 .02.007
16. Ferguson, C. J., Garza, A., Jerabeck, J., Ramos, R., Galindo, M. (2013). Not worth the fuss after all? Cross-sectional and prospective data on violent video game influences on aggression, visuospatial cognition and mathematics ability in a sample of youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 109-122. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9803-6
17. Ferguson, C. J., Kilburn, J. (2010). Much ado about nothing: The misestimation and overinterpretation of violent video game effects in eastern and western nations: Comment on Anderson et al. (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 136, 174-178. doi:10.1037/a0018566
18. Ferguson, C. J., Olsen, C. K. (2013). Video game violence use among "vulnerable" populations: The impact of violent games on delinquency and bullying among children with clinically elevated depression or attention deficient symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9986-5
19. Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M. (2010). The Hitman study: Violent video game exposure effects on aggressive behavior, hostile feelings and depression. European Psychologist, 15, 99-108. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000010
20. Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35, 311-332. doi:10.1177/0093854807311719
21. Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F. (2000). Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Philadelphia, PA: The Psychology Press.
22. Gaertner, S. L., Mann, J. A., Dovidio, J. F., Murrell, A. J., Pomare, M. (1990). How does cooperation reduce intergroup bias? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 692-704. doi:10.1037/0022-3514 .59.4.692
23. Gentile, D. A. (2011). The multiple dimensions of video game effects. Child Development Perspectives, 5, 75-81. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606 .2011.00159.x
24. Granic, I., Lobel, A., Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69, 66-78. doi:10.1037/a0034857
25. Greitemeyer, T. (2014). Playing violent video games increases intergroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 70-78. doi:10 .1177/0146167213505872
26. Greitemeyer, T., Cox, C. (2013). There's no "I" in team: Effects of cooperative video games on cooperative behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 224-228. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1940
27. Greitemeyer, T., Traut-Mattausch, E., Osswald, S. (2012). How to ameliorate negative effects of violent video games on cooperation: Play it cooperatively in a team. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1465-1470. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.009
28. Haddock, G., Zanna, M. P., Esses, V. M. (1993). Assessing the structure of prejudicial attitudes: The case of attitudes toward homosexuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1105-1118. doi:10 .1037/0022-3514.65.6.1105
29. Hasan, Y., Bègue, L., Scharkow, M., Bushman, B. J. (2013). The more you play, the more aggressive you become: A long-term experimental study of cumulative violent video game effects on hostile expectations and aggressive behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 224-227. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.016
30. Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., Willis, H. (2002). Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 575-604. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53 .100901.135109
31. Hodson, G. (2011). Do ideologically intolerant people benefit from intergroup contact? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 154-159. doi:10.1177/0963721411409025
32. Hodson, G., Choma, B. L., Costello, K. (2009). Experiencing aliennation: Effects of a simulation intervention on attitudes toward homosexuals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 974-978. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.010
33. Hodson, G., Dovidio, J. F., Esses, V. M. (2003). Ingroup identification as a moderator of positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 215-233. doi:10.1002/ejsp .141
34. Hodson, G., Dube, B., Choma, B. L. (in press). Can (elaborated) imagined contact interventions reduce prejudice among those higher in intergroup disgust sensitivity (ITG-DS)? Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
35. Hodson, G., Hewstone, M. (Eds.). (2013). Advances in intergroup contact. London, UK: Psychology Press.
36. Hodson, G., Rush, J., MacInnis, C. C. (2010). A joke is just a joke (except when it isn't): Cavalier humor beliefs facilitate the expression of group dominance motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 660-682. doi:10.1037/a0019627
37. Jerabeck, J. M., Ferguson, C. J. (2013). The influence of solitary and cooperative violent video game play on aggressive and prosocial behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2573-2578. doi:10.1016/j.chb .2013.06.034
38. Killen, M., Richardson, C. B., Clark Kelly, M. (2010). Developmental perspectives. In J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick, & V. M. Esses (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination (pp. 97-114). London, UK: SAGE. Publications Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446200919.n6
39. Lenhart, A., Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., Macgill, A. R., Evans, C., Vitak, J. (2008). Teens, video games, and civics. (Report No. 202-415-4500). Washington, DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project
40. M'Arthur greets mayor of Naples; Lauro quotes him as saying that wars between nations are now obsolete. (1955, October 8). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res-FB0811FE355A107B93CAA9178BD95F418585F9
41. Orvis, K. A., Moore, J. C., Belanich, J., Murphy, J. S., Horn, D. B. (2010). Are soldiers gamers? Videogame usage among soldiers and implications for the effective use of serious videogames for military training. Military Psychology, 22, 143-157. doi:10.1080/08995600903417225
42. Padilla-Walker, L. M., Nelson, L. J., Carroll, J. S., Jenson, A. C. (2010). More than a just a game: Video game and internet use during emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 103-113. doi: 10.1007/s10964-008-9390-8
43. Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751-783. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
44. Przybylski, A. K., Deci, E. L., Rigby, C. S., Ryan, R. M. (2014). Competence-impeding electronic games and players' aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 441-57. doi:10.1037/a0034820
45. Saleem, M., Anderson, C. A. (2013). Arabs as terrorists: Effects of stereotypes within violent contexts on attitudes, perceptions, and affect. Psychology of Violence, 3, 84-99. doi:10.1037/a0030038
46. Schmierbach, M. (2010). "Killing spree": Exploring the connection between competitive game play and aggressive cognition. Communication Research, 37, 256-274. doi:10.1177/0093650209356394
47. Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation. The robbers cave experiment. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Book Exchange.
48. Stangor, C., Sullivan, L. A., Ford, T. E. (1991). Affective and cognitive determinants of prejudice. Social Cognition, 9, 359-380. doi:10.1521/soco.1991.9.4.359
49. Velez, J. A., Mahood, C., Ewoldsen, D. R., Moyer-Gusé, E. (2012). Ingroup versus outgroup conflict in the context of violent video game play: The effect of cooperation on increasing helping and decreasing aggression. Communication Research. doi:10.1177/0093650212456202
50. Williams, D., Skoric, M. (2005). Internet fantasy violence: A test of aggression in an online game. Communication Monographs, 72, 217-233. doi:10.1080/03637750500111781