메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 1639-1667

A Look into Students’ Retention of Acquired Nature of Science Understandings

Author keywords

Nature of science; Retention; Scientific literacy; Socioscientific issues

Indexed keywords


EID: 84930929142     PISSN: 09500693     EISSN: 14645289     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09500693.2015.1049241     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0347297538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embedding nature of science instruction in preservice elementary science courses: Abandoning scientism, but …
    • F.Abd-El-Khalick, (2001). Embedding nature of science instruction in preservice elementary science courses: Abandoning scientism, but …. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 12(3), 215–233. doi: 10.1023/A:1016720417219
    • (2001) Journal of Science Teacher Education , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-233
    • Abd-El-Khalick, F.1
  • 2
    • 0032386587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of science and instructional practice: Making the unnatural natural
    • F.Abd-El-Khalick,, R.L.Bell,, & N.G.Lederman, (1998). The nature of science and instructional practice: Making the unnatural natural. Science Education, 82(4), 417–436. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199807)82:4<417::AID-SCE1>3.0.CO;2-E
    • (1998) Science Education , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-436
    • Abd-El-Khalick, F.1    Bell, R.L.2    Lederman, N.G.3
  • 3
    • 0012797742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving science teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science: A critical review of the literature
    • F.Abd-El-Khalick,, & N.G.Lederman, (2000). Improving science teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science: A critical review of the literature. International Journal of Science Education, 22(7), 665–701. doi: 10.1080/09500690050044044
    • (2000) International Journal of Science Education , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 665-701
    • Abd-El-Khalick, F.1    Lederman, N.G.2
  • 4
    • 0008655374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of a reflective explicit activity-based approach on elementary teachers’ conceptions of nature of science
    • V.Akerson,, F.Abd-El-Khalick,, & N.G.Lederman, (2000). Influence of a reflective explicit activity-based approach on elementary teachers’ conceptions of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(4), 295–317. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(200004)37:4<295::AID-TEA2>3.0.CO;2-2
    • (2000) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 295-317
    • Akerson, V.1    Abd-El-Khalick, F.2    Lederman, N.G.3
  • 5
    • 33644587137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One course is not enough: Preservice elementary teachers’ retention of improved views of nature of science
    • V.L.Akerson,, J.A.Morrison,, & A.Roth McDuffie, (2006). One course is not enough: Preservice elementary teachers’ retention of improved views of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43, 194–213. doi: 10.1002/tea.20099
    • (2006) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.43 , pp. 194-213
    • Akerson, V.L.1    Morrison, J.A.2    Roth McDuffie, A.3
  • 6
    • 0003535513 scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1989). Project 2061: Science for all Americans. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1989) Project 2061: Science for all Americans
  • 7
    • 0003926155 scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1993). Benchmarks for scientific literacy. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1993) Benchmarks for scientific literacy
  • 8
    • 3042732988 scopus 로고
    • A subsumption theory of meaningful verbal learning and retention
    • D.P.Ausubel, (1962). A subsumption theory of meaningful verbal learning and retention. The Journal of General Psychology, 66, 213–224. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1962.9711837
    • (1962) The Journal of General Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 213-224
    • Ausubel, D.P.1
  • 9
    • 0001119971 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of knowledge: Questions about memory we forgot to ask
    • H.P.Bahrick, (1979). Maintenance of knowledge: Questions about memory we forgot to ask. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 296–308. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.108.3.296
    • (1979) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.108 , pp. 296-308
    • Bahrick, H.P.1
  • 10
    • 0021384257 scopus 로고
    • Semantic memory content in permastore: Fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school
    • H.P.Bahrick, (1984). Semantic memory content in permastore: Fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113(1), 1–29. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.113.1.1
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-29
    • Bahrick, H.P.1
  • 11
    • 0040215849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term maintenance of knowledge
    • Tulving E., Craik F., (eds), New York: Oxford University Press
    • H.P.Bahrick, (2000). Long-term maintenance of knowledge. In E.Tulving & F.Craik (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of memory (pp. 347–362). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2000) The Oxford handbook of memory , pp. 347-362
    • Bahrick, H.P.1
  • 12
    • 16344393363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of retrieval failures to long-term retention: A metacognitive explanation of the spacing effect
    • H.P.Bahrick,, & L.K.Hall, (2005). The importance of retrieval failures to long-term retention: A metacognitive explanation of the spacing effect. Journal of Memory and Language, 52(4), 566–577. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2005.01.012
    • (2005) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 566-577
    • Bahrick, H.P.1    Hall, L.K.2
  • 13
    • 0042724872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing and acting upon one's conception of the nature of science: A follow-up study
    • R.L.Bell,, N.G.Lederman,, & F.Abd-El-Khalick, (2000). Developing and acting upon one's conception of the nature of science: A follow-up study. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(6), 563–581. doi: 10.1002/1098-2736(200008)37:6<563::AID-TEA4>3.0.CO;2-N
    • (2000) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 563-581
    • Bell, R.L.1    Lederman, N.G.2    Abd-El-Khalick, F.3
  • 14
    • 33846126206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention of Esperanto is affected by delay-interval task and item closure: A partial resolution of the delay-retention effect
    • G.M.Brosvic,, M.L.Epstein,, R.E.Dihoff,, & M.L.Cook, (2006). Retention of Esperanto is affected by delay-interval task and item closure: A partial resolution of the delay-retention effect. The Psychological Record, 56, 597–615.
    • (2006) The Psychological Record , vol.56 , pp. 597-615
    • Brosvic, G.M.1    Epstein, M.L.2    Dihoff, R.E.3    Cook, M.L.4
  • 15
    • 34347382325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing improves long-term retention in a simulated classroom setting
    • A.C.Butler,, & H.L.Roediger, (2007). Testing improves long-term retention in a simulated classroom setting. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19(4/5), 514–527. doi: 10.1080/09541440701326097
    • (2007) European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , vol.19 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 514-527
    • Butler, A.C.1    Roediger, H.L.2
  • 16
    • 84943232393 scopus 로고
    • An experiment is when you try it and see if it works: A study of grade 7 students’ understanding of the construction of scientific knowledge
    • S.Carey,, R.Evans,, M.Honda,, E.Jay,, & C.Unger, (1989). An experiment is when you try it and see if it works: A study of grade 7 students’ understanding of the construction of scientific knowledge. International Journal of Science Education, 11(Special issue), 514–529. doi: 10.1080/0950069890110504
    • (1989) International Journal of Science Education , vol.11 , pp. 514-529
    • Carey, S.1    Evans, R.2    Honda, M.3    Jay, E.4    Unger, C.5
  • 18
    • 0000642562 scopus 로고
    • On the very long-term retention of knowledge acquired through formal education: Twelve years of cognitive psychology
    • M.A.Conway,, G.Cohen,, & N.Stanhope, (1991). On the very long-term retention of knowledge acquired through formal education: Twelve years of cognitive psychology. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 395–409. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.120.4.395
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.120 , pp. 395-409
    • Conway, M.A.1    Cohen, G.2    Stanhope, N.3
  • 19
    • 84930924464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common framework of science learning outcomes K to 12. Retrieved from
    • Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC) Pan–Canadian Science Project. (1997). Common framework of science learning outcomes K to 12. Retrieved from http://204.225.6.243/science/framework/
    • (1997)
  • 20
    • 75749137012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term retention of basic science knowledge: a review study
    • E.Custers, (2010). Long-term retention of basic science knowledge: a review study. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(1), 109–128. doi: 10.1007/s10459-008-9101-y
    • (2010) Advances in Health Sciences Education , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-128
    • Custers, E.1
  • 21
    • 0011661198 scopus 로고
    • Spacing effects and their implications for theory and practice
    • F.N.Dempster, (1989). Spacing effects and their implications for theory and practice. Educational Psychology Review, 1(4), 309–330. doi: 10.1007/BF01320097
    • (1989) Educational Psychology Review , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 309-330
    • Dempster, F.N.1
  • 23
    • 38949090207 scopus 로고
    • Permanence of high school learning
    • D.H.Eikenberry, (1923). Permanence of high school learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 14, 463–481. doi: 10.1037/h0073932
    • (1923) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 463-481
    • Eikenberry, D.H.1
  • 24
    • 85068024681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term retention of basic mathematical knowledge and skills with engineering students
    • J.Engelbrecht,, A.Harding,, & J.Du Preez, (2014). Long-term retention of basic mathematical knowledge and skills with engineering students. European Journal of Engineering Education, 32(6), 735–744. doi: 10.1080/03043790701520792
    • (2014) European Journal of Engineering Education , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 735-744
    • Engelbrecht, J.1    Harding, A.2    Du Preez, J.3
  • 25
    • 84970207263 scopus 로고
    • Long-term retention of information following learning from prose
    • E.D.Gagne, (1978). Long-term retention of information following learning from prose. Review of Educational Research, 48(4), 629–665. doi: 10.3102/00346543048004629
    • (1978) Review of Educational Research , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 629-665
    • Gagne, E.D.1
  • 26
    • 0000582040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensionality and disciplinary differences in personal epistemology
    • B.K.Hofer, (2000). Dimensionality and disciplinary differences in personal epistemology. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 378–405. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1026
    • (2000) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 378-405
    • Hofer, B.K.1
  • 27
    • 33750627605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domain specificity of personal epistemology: Resolved questions, persistent issues, new models
    • B.K.Hofer, (2006). Domain specificity of personal epistemology: Resolved questions, persistent issues, new models. International Journal of Educational Research, 45, 85–95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2006.08.006
    • (2006) International Journal of Educational Research , vol.45 , pp. 85-95
    • Hofer, B.K.1
  • 28
    • 84897638401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of computer-based practice and conceptual understanding interventions on mathematics fact retention and generalization
    • R.Kanive,, P.Nelson,, M.Burns,, & J.Ysseldyke, (2014). Comparison of the effects of computer-based practice and conceptual understanding interventions on mathematics fact retention and generalization. The Journal of Educational Research, 107(2), 83–89. doi: 10.1080/00220671.2012.759405
    • (2014) The Journal of Educational Research , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-89
    • Kanive, R.1    Nelson, P.2    Burns, M.3    Ysseldyke, J.4
  • 29
    • 0036729785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of explicit and reflective versus implicit inquiry-oriented instruction on sixth graders’ views of nature of science
    • R.Khishfe,, & F.Abd-El-Khalick, (2002). The influence of explicit and reflective versus implicit inquiry-oriented instruction on sixth graders’ views of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(7), 551–578. doi: 10.1002/tea.10036
    • (2002) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 551-578
    • Khishfe, R.1    Abd-El-Khalick, F.2
  • 30
    • 33645783189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching nature of science within a controversial topic: Integrated versus nonintegrated
    • R.Khishfe,, & N.Lederman, (2006). Teaching nature of science within a controversial topic: Integrated versus nonintegrated. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43(4), 377–394. doi: 10.1002/tea.20137
    • (2006) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 377-394
    • Khishfe, R.1    Lederman, N.2
  • 31
    • 34249908082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between instructional context and understandings of nature of science
    • R.Khishfe,, & N.Lederman, (2007). Relationship between instructional context and understandings of nature of science. International Journal of Science Education, 29(8), 939–961. doi: 10.1080/09500690601110947
    • (2007) International Journal of Science Education , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 939-961
    • Khishfe, R.1    Lederman, N.2
  • 32
    • 42549113476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of seventh graders’ views of nature of science
    • R.Khishfe, (2008). The development of seventh graders’ views of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(4), 470–496. doi: 10.1002/tea.20230
    • (2008) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 470-496
    • Khishfe, R.1
  • 33
    • 84858154649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between nature of science understandings and argumentation skills: A role for counterargument and contextual factors
    • R.Khishfe, (2012a). Relationship between nature of science understandings and argumentation skills: A role for counterargument and contextual factors. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 49(4), 489–514. doi: 10.1002/tea.21012
    • (2012) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 489-514
    • Khishfe, R.1
  • 34
    • 84885070507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of nature of science understandings into similar contexts: Promises and possibilities of an explicit reflective approach
    • R.Khishfe, (2012b). Transfer of nature of science understandings into similar contexts: Promises and possibilities of an explicit reflective approach. International Journal of Science Education, 35(17), 2928–2953. doi: 10.1080/09500693.2012.672774
    • (2012) International Journal of Science Education , vol.35 , Issue.17 , pp. 2928-2953
    • Khishfe, R.1
  • 35
    • 84990166711 scopus 로고
    • The history of science cases for high schools in the development of student understanding of science and scientists: A report on the HOSG instruction project
    • L.Klopfer,, & W.Cooley, (1963). The history of science cases for high schools in the development of student understanding of science and scientists: A report on the HOSG instruction project. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1(1), 33–47. doi: 10.1002/tea.3660010112
    • (1963) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-47
    • Klopfer, L.1    Cooley, W.2
  • 36
    • 84888606133 scopus 로고
    • Factors determining student retention of economic knowledge after completing the principles-of-microeconomics course
    • A.I.Kohen,, & P.H.Kipps, (1979). Factors determining student retention of economic knowledge after completing the principles-of-microeconomics course. The Journal of Economic Education, 10(2), 38–48. doi: 10.1080/00220485.1979.10845481
    • (1979) The Journal of Economic Education , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 38-48
    • Kohen, A.I.1    Kipps, P.H.2
  • 37
    • 2442466908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing and evaluating short teaching interventions about the epistemology of science in high school classrooms
    • J.Leach,, A.Hind,, & J.Ryder, (2003). Designing and evaluating short teaching interventions about the epistemology of science in high school classrooms. Science Education, 87(6), 831–848. doi: 10.1002/sce.10072
    • (2003) Science Education , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 831-848
    • Leach, J.1    Hind, A.2    Ryder, J.3
  • 38
    • 84984080164 scopus 로고
    • Students’ and teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science: A review of the research
    • N.G.Lederman, (1992). Students’ and teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science: A review of the research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 29(4), 331–359. doi: 10.1002/tea.3660290404
    • (1992) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-359
    • Lederman, N.G.1
  • 39
    • 85018122941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature of science: Past, present, and future
    • Abell S.K., Lederman N.G., (eds), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • N.G.Lederman, (2007). Nature of science: Past, present, and future. In S.K.Abell & N.G.Lederman (Eds.), Handbook of research in science education (pp. 831–880). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (2007) Handbook of research in science education , pp. 831-880
    • Lederman, N.G.1
  • 40
    • 0036682835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Views of nature of science questionnaire: Toward valid and meaningful assessment of learners’ conceptions of nature of science
    • N.G.Lederman,, F.Abd-El-Khalick,, R.L.Bell,, & R.S.Schwartz, (2002). Views of nature of science questionnaire: Toward valid and meaningful assessment of learners’ conceptions of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39, 497–521. doi: 10.1002/tea.10034
    • (2002) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.39 , pp. 497-521
    • Lederman, N.G.1    Abd-El-Khalick, F.2    Bell, R.L.3    Schwartz, R.S.4
  • 41
    • 84987199935 scopus 로고
    • Students’ perceptions of tentativeness in science: Development, use, and sources of change
    • N.G.Lederman,, & M.O'Malley, (1990). Students’ perceptions of tentativeness in science: Development, use, and sources of change. Science Education, 74, 225–239. doi: 10.1002/sce.3730740207
    • (1990) Science Education , vol.74 , pp. 225-239
    • Lederman, N.G.1    O'Malley, M.2
  • 42
    • 33748992569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion of socio-scientific issues: The role of science knowledge
    • J.Lewis,, & J.Leach, (2006). Discussion of socio-scientific issues: The role of science knowledge. International Journal of Science Education, 28(11), 1267–1287. doi: 10.1080/09500690500439348
    • (2006) International Journal of Science Education , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 1267-1287
    • Lewis, J.1    Leach, J.2
  • 43
    • 85170067192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taiwanese gifted students’ views of nature of science
    • S.Liu,, & N.G.Lederman, (2002). Taiwanese gifted students’ views of nature of science. School Science and Mathematics, 102(3), 114–123. doi: 10.1111/j.1949-8594.2002.tb17905.x
    • (2002) School Science and Mathematics , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 114-123
    • Liu, S.1    Lederman, N.G.2
  • 44
    • 84908485431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention of differential and integral calculus: A case study of a university student in physical chemistry
    • L.J.Matić,, & B.Dahl, (2014). Retention of differential and integral calculus: A case study of a university student in physical chemistry. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 45(8), 1167–1187. doi: 10.1080/0020739X.2014.920531
    • (2014) International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1167-1187
    • Matić, L.J.1    Dahl, B.2
  • 45
    • 34247273575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awakening the scientist inside: Global climate change and the nature of science in an elementary science methods course
    • J.Matkins,, & R.Bell, (2007). Awakening the scientist inside: Global climate change and the nature of science in an elementary science methods course. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 18(2), 137–163. doi: 10.1007/s10972-006-9033-4
    • (2007) Journal of Science Teacher Education , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-163
    • Matkins, J.1    Bell, R.2
  • 46
    • 78249234709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of explicit nature of science and argumentation instruction on preservice primary teachers’ views of nature of science
    • C.V.McDonald, (2010). The influence of explicit nature of science and argumentation instruction on preservice primary teachers’ views of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47(9), 1137–1164. doi: 10.1002/tea.20377
    • (2010) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.47 , Issue.9 , pp. 1137-1164
    • McDonald, C.V.1
  • 47
    • 0003608696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: National Academic Press
    • National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
    • (1996) National science education standards
  • 48
    • 84876978799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of brain-based learning on academic achievement and retention of knowledge in science course
    • M.Ozden,, & M.Gultekin, (2008). The effects of brain-based learning on academic achievement and retention of knowledge in science course. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 12(1), 1–17.
    • (2008) Electronic Journal of Science Education , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Ozden, M.1    Gultekin, M.2
  • 49
    • 33947350019 scopus 로고
    • How long do students retain what they have learned from high school chemistry?
    • S.R.Powers, (1925). How long do students retain what they have learned from high school chemistry? Journal of Chemical Education, 2, 174–180. doi: 10.1021/ed002p174
    • (1925) Journal of Chemical Education , vol.2 , pp. 174-180
    • Powers, S.R.1
  • 50
    • 12444252999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of informal reasoning in the context of socioscientific decision making
    • T.D.Sadler,, & D.L.Zeidler, (2005). Patterns of informal reasoning in the context of socioscientific decision making. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(1), 112–138. doi: 10.1002/tea.20042
    • (2005) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-138
    • Sadler, T.D.1    Zeidler, D.L.2
  • 51
    • 84930929022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of constructivist approach on students’ academic achievement and retention of knowledge
    • Retrieved from
    • M.Sarikaya,, E.Guven,, V.Goksu,, & E.Aka, (2010). The impact of constructivist approach on students’ academic achievement and retention of knowledge. Elementary Education Online, 9(1), 413–423. Retrieved from http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr
    • (2010) Elementary Education Online , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 413-423
    • Sarikaya, M.1    Guven, E.2    Goksu, V.3    Aka, E.4
  • 52
    • 0036496639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's the nature of the beast”: The influence of knowledge and intentions on learning and teaching nature of science
    • R.S.Schwartz,, & N.G.Lederman, (2002). “It's the nature of the beast”: The influence of knowledge and intentions on learning and teaching nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(3), 205–236. doi: 10.1002/tea.10021
    • (2002) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-236
    • Schwartz, R.S.1    Lederman, N.G.2
  • 53
    • 84930930678 scopus 로고
    • The effects on short- and long-term retention and on transfer of two methods of presenting selected geometry concepts. Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning, University of Wisconsin. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED 044314)
    • J.A.Scott, (1970). The effects on short- and long-term retention and on transfer of two methods of presenting selected geometry concepts. Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning, University of Wisconsin. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED 044314).
    • (1970)
    • Scott, J.A.1
  • 54
    • 84970352388 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge taught in school: What is remembered?
    • G.B.Semb,, & J.A.Ellis, (1994). Knowledge taught in school: What is remembered? Review of Educational Research, 64(2), 253–286. doi: 10.3102/00346543064002253
    • (1994) Review of Educational Research , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 253-286
    • Semb, G.B.1    Ellis, J.A.2
  • 55
    • 21144464246 scopus 로고
    • Long-term memory of knowledge learned in school
    • G.B.Semb,, J.A.Ellis,, & J.Araujo, (1993). Long-term memory of knowledge learned in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 305–316. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.85.2.305
    • (1993) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 305-316
    • Semb, G.B.1    Ellis, J.A.2    Araujo, J.3
  • 56
  • 57
    • 84983991440 scopus 로고
    • Teaching about the nature of science through history: Action research in the classroom
    • J.Solomon,, J.Duveen,, L.Scott,, & S.McCarthy, (1992). Teaching about the nature of science through history: Action research in the classroom. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 29(4), 409–421. doi: 10.1002/tea.3660290408
    • (1992) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 409-421
    • Solomon, J.1    Duveen, J.2    Scott, L.3    McCarthy, S.4
  • 58
    • 70449666818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elementary students’ retention of environmental science knowledge: Connected science instruction versus direct instruction
    • B.Upadhyay,, & C.DeFranco, (2008). Elementary students’ retention of environmental science knowledge: Connected science instruction versus direct instruction. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 20(2), 23–37. doi: 10.1007/BF03173668
    • (2008) Journal of Elementary Science Education , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 23-37
    • Upadhyay, B.1    DeFranco, C.2
  • 59
    • 34547652450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting discourse about socioscientific issues through scaffolded inquiry
    • A.Walker,, & D.L.Zeidler, (2007). Promoting discourse about socioscientific issues through scaffolded inquiry. International Journal of Science Education, 29(11), 1387–1410. doi: 10.1080/09500690601068095
    • (2007) International Journal of Science Education , vol.29 , Issue.11 , pp. 1387-1410
    • Walker, A.1    Zeidler, D.L.2
  • 60
    • 84958540495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of automatic reassessment and relearning on assessing student long-term knowledge in mathematics
    • Trausan-Matu S., Boyer K.E., Crosby M., Panourgia K., (eds), Springer International Publishing
    • Y.Wang,, & N.Heffernan, (2014). The effect of automatic reassessment and relearning on assessing student long-term knowledge in mathematics. In S.Trausan-Matu, K.E.Boyer, M.Crosby, & K.Panourgia (Eds.), Intelligent tutoring systems (pp. 490–495). Springer International Publishing.
    • (2014) Intelligent tutoring systems , pp. 490-495
    • Wang, Y.1    Heffernan, N.2
  • 61
    • 84958533609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of exploring different schedules of spacing and retrieval interval on mathematics skills in ITS environment
    • Trausan-Matu S., Boyer K.E., Crosby M., Panourgia K., (eds), Springer International Publishing
    • X.Xiong,, & J.Beck, (2014). A study of exploring different schedules of spacing and retrieval interval on mathematics skills in ITS environment. In S.Trausan-Matu, K.E.Boyer, M.Crosby, & K.Panourgia (Eds.), Intelligent tutoring systems (pp. 504–509). Springer International Publishing.
    • (2014) Intelligent tutoring systems , pp. 504-509
    • Xiong, X.1    Beck, J.2
  • 62
    • 0036243556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tangled up in views: Beliefs in the nature of science and responses to socioscientific dilemmas
    • D.L.Zeidler,, K.A.Walker,, W.A.Ackett,, & M.L.Simmons, (2002). Tangled up in views: Beliefs in the nature of science and responses to socioscientific dilemmas. Science Education, 86, 343–367. doi: 10.1002/sce.10025
    • (2002) Science Education , vol.86 , pp. 343-367
    • Zeidler, D.L.1    Walker, K.A.2    Ackett, W.A.3    Simmons, M.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.