Development of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels for Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Applications

Tissue Engineering - Part A

Volumn 21, Issue 11-12, 2015, Pages 1733-1751

  Shubin, Andrew D ^a   Felong, Timothy J ^a   Graunke, Dean ^a   Ovitt, Catherine E ^b   Benoit, Danielle S W ^a,b,c  

^a University of Rochester   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c Center for Musculoskeletal Research   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELLS; CYTOLOGY; DUCTS; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; HYDROGELS; MICROSPHERES; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; POLYMERIZATION; POLYOLS; RADIOTHERAPY; TISSUE; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

CELL BASED THERAPIES; ENCAPSULATION METHODS; HEAD-AND-NECK CANCER; MEMBRANE PEROXIDATION; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) HYDROGEL; SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS; THIOL-ENE POLYMERIZATIONS; TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS;

CELL ENGINEERING;

CYTOKERATIN 5; MACROGOL; METHACRYLIC ACID; MICROSPHERE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; THIOL DERIVATIVE; COLLAGEN; HYDROGEL; MACROGOL DERIVATIVE; METHACRYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; PEPTIDE; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL METHACRYLATE;

ACINAR CELL; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL COMPOSITION; CELL CONTACT; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL INTERACTION; CELL LINEAGE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL VIABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENCAPSULATION; FEMALE; HYDROGEL; LIPID MEMBRANE; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PEROXIDATION; PHENOTYPE; POLYMERIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SALIVARY GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND; TISSUE ENGINEERING; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; C57BL MOUSE; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; CYTOLOGY; METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROCEDURES; SYNTHESIS; THERAPEUTIC USE; XEROSTOMIA;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; COLLAGEN; FEMALE; HYDROGELS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; METHACRYLATES; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICROSPHERES; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PEPTIDES; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; POLYMERIZATION; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND; SULFHYDRYL COMPOUNDS; TISSUE ENGINEERING; XEROSTOMIA;

EID: 84930150457     PISSN: 19373341     EISSN: 1937335X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0674     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Jensen, S.B., Pedersen, A.M., Vissink, A., Andersen, E., Brown, C.G., Davies, A.N., Dutilh, J., Fulton, J.S., Jankovic, L., Lopes, N.N., Mello, A.L., Muniz, L.V., Murdoch-Kinch, C.A., Nair, R.G., Napenas, J.J., Nogueira-Rodrigues, A., Saunders, D., Stirling, B., von Bultzingslowen, I., Weikel, D.S., Elting, L.S., Spijkervet, F.K., Brennan, M.T., Salivary Gland Hypofunction/Xerostomia Section; Oral Care Study Group; Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)/International Society of Oral Oncology (ISOO). A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: management strategies and economic impact. Support Care Cancer 18, 1061, 2010.
2. Cassolato, S.F., and Turnbull, R.S. Xerostomia: clinical aspects and treatment. Gerodontology 20, 64, 2003.
3. Ross, M.H., and Pawlina, W. Histology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006. New York.
4. Tamarin, A. Submaxillary gland recovery from obstruction. I. Overall changes and electron microscopic alterations of granular duct cells. J Ultrastruct Res 34, 276, 1971.
5. Walker, N.I., and Gobe, G.C. Cell death and cell proliferation during atrophy of the rat parotid gland induced by duct obstruction. J Pathol 153, 333, 1987.
6. Takahashi, S., Shinzato, K., Nakamura, S., Domon, T., Yamamoto, T., and Wakita, M. Cell death and cell proliferation in the regeneration of atrophied rat submandibular glands after duct ligation. J Oral Pathol Med 33, 23, 2004.
7. Arany, S., Catalan, M.A., Roztocil, E., and Ovitt, C.E. Ascl3 knockout and cell ablation models reveal complexity of salivary gland maintenance and regeneration. Dev Biol 353, 186, 2011.
8. Rugel-Stahl, A., Elliott, M.E., and Ovitt, C.E. Ascl3 marks adult progenitor cells of the mouse salivary gland. Stem Cell Res 8, 379, 2012.
9. Okumura, K., Nakamura, K., Hisatomi, Y., Nagano, K., Tanaka, Y., Terada, K., Sugiyama, T., Umeyama, K., Matsumoto, K., Yamamoto, T., and Endo, F. Salivary gland progenitor cells induced by duct ligation differentiate into hepatic and pancreatic lineages. Hepatology 38, 104, 2003.
10. Lombaert, I.M., Brunsting, J.F., Wierenga, P.K., Faber, H., Stokman, M.A., Kok, T., Visser, W.H., Kampinga, H.H., de Haan, G., and Coppes, R.P. Rescue of salivary gland function after stem cell transplantation in irradiated glands. PLoS One 3, e2063, 2008.
11. Hisatomi, Y., Okumura, K., Nakamura, K., Matsumoto, S., Satoh, A., Nagano, K., Yamamoto, T., and Endo, F. Flow cytometric isolation of endodermal progenitors from mouse salivary gland differentiate into hepatic and pancreatic lineages. Hepatology 39, 667, 2004.
12. Lombaert, I.M., Abrams, S.R., Li, L., Eswarakumar, V.P., Sethi, A.J., Witt, R.L., and Hoffman, M.P. Combined KIT and FGFR2b signaling regulates epithelial progenitor expansion during organogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 1, 604, 2013.
13. Nanduri, L.S., Lombaert, I.M., van der Zwaag, M., Faber, H., Brunsting, J.F., van Os, R.P., and Coppes, R.P. Salisphere derived c-Kit+ cell transplantation restores tissue homeostasis in irradiated salivary gland. Radiother Oncol 108, 458, 2013.
14. Lim, J.Y., Yi, T., Choi, J.S., Jang, Y.H., Lee, S., Kim, H.J., Song, S.U., and Kim, Y.M. Intraglandular transplantation of bone marrow-derived clonal mesenchymal stem cells for amelioration of post-irradiation salivary gland damage. Oral Oncol 49, 136, 2013.
15. Aframian, D.J., Cukierman, E., Nikolovski, J., Mooney, D.J., Yamada, K.M., and Baum, B.J. The growth and morphological behavior of salivary epithelial cells on matrix protein-coated biodegradable substrata. Tissue Eng 6, 209, 2000.
16. Aframian, D.J., Redman, R.S., Yamano, S., Nikolovski, J., Cukierman, E., Yamada, K.M., Kriete, M.F., Swaim, W.D., Mooney, D.J., and Baum, B.J. Tissue compatibility of two biodegradable tubular scaffolds implanted adjacent to skin or buccal mucosa in mice. Tissue Eng 8, 649, 2002.
17. Joraku, A., Sullivan, C.A., Yoo, J.J., and Atala, A. Tissue engineering of functional salivary gland tissue. Laryngoscope 115, 244, 2005.
18. Joraku, A., Sullivan, C.A., Yoo, J., and Atala, A. In-vitro reconstitution of three-dimensional human salivary gland tissue structures. Differentiation 75, 318, 2007.
19. Jean-Gilles, R., Soscia, D., Sequeira, S., Melfi, M., Gadre, A., Castracane, J., and Larsen, M. Novel modeling approach to generate a polymeric nanofiber scaffold for salivary gland cells. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 1, 31008, 2010.
20. Pradhan, S., Liu, C., Zhang, C., Jia, X., Farach-Carson, M.C., and Witt, R.L. Lumen formation in three-dimensional cultures of salivary acinar cells. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 142, 191, 2010.
21. Cantara, S.I., Soscia, D.A., Sequeira, S.J., Jean-Gilles, R.P., Castracane, J., and Larsen, M. Selective functionalization of nanofiber scaffolds to regulate salivary gland epithelial cell proliferation and polarity. Biomaterials 33, 8372, 2012.
22. McCall, A.D., Nelson, J.W., Leigh, N.J., Duffey, M.E., Lei, P., Andreadis, S.T., and Baker, O.J. Growth factors polymerized within fibrin hydrogel promote amylase production in parotid cells. Tissue Eng Part A 19, 2215, 2013.
23. Pradhan-Bhatt, S., Harrington, D.A., Duncan, R.L., Jia, X., Witt, R.L., and Farach-Carson, M.C. Implantable three-dimensional salivary spheroid assemblies demonstrate fluid and protein secretory responses to neurotransmitters. Tissue Eng Part A 19, 1610, 2013.
24. Soscia, D.A., Sequeira, S.J., Schramm, R.A., Jayarathanam, K., Cantara, S.I., Larsen, M., and Castracane, J. Salivary gland cell differentiation and organization on micropatterned PLGA nanofiber craters. Biomaterials 34, 6773, 2013.
25. Pradhan-Bhatt, S., Harrington, D.A., Duncan, R.L., Farach-Carson, M.C., Jia, X., and Witt, R.L. A novel in vivo model for evaluating functional restoration of a tissue-engineered salivary gland. Laryngoscope 124, 456, 2014.
26. nd edn. Amsterdam, The Netherland: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.
27. Anseth, K.S., Metters, A.T., Bryant, S.J., Martens, P.J., Elisseeff, J.H., and Bowman, C.N. In situ forming degradable networks and their application in tissue engineering and drug delivery. J Control Release 78, 199, 2002.
28. Sawhney, A.S., Pathak, C.P., and Hubbell, J.A. Bioerodible hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(alpha-hydroxy acid) diacrylate macromers. Macromolecules 26, 581, 1993.
29. Fairbanks, B.D., Schwartz, M.P., Halevi, A.E., Nuttelman, C.R., Bowman, C.N., and Anseth, K.S. A versatile synthetic extracellular matrix mimic via thiol-norbornene photopolymerization. Adv Mater 21, 5005, 2009.
30. Elisseeff, J., Anseth, K., Sims, D., McIntosh, W., Randolph, M., Yaremchuk, M., and Langer, R. Transdermal photopolymerization of poly(ethylene oxide)-based injectable hydrogels for tissue-engineered cartilage. Plast Reconstr Surg 104, 1014, 1999.
31. Hoffman, M.D., Xie, C., Zhang, X., and Benoit, D.S. The effect of mesenchymal stem cells delivered via hydrogel-based tissue engineered periosteum on bone allograft healing. Biomaterials 34, 8887, 2013.
32. Nuttelman, C.R., Tripodi, M.C., and Anseth, K.S. In vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells photoencapsulated in PEG hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 68, 773, 2004.
33. Benoit, D.S., Schwartz, M.P., Durney, A.R., and Anseth, K.S. Small functional groups for controlled differentiation of hydrogel-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells. Nat Mater 7, 816, 2008.
34. Bryant, S.J., and Anseth, K.S. Hydrogel properties influence ECM production by chondrocytes photoencapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res 59, 63, 2002.
35. Roberts, J.J., and Bryant, S.J. Comparison of photopolymerizable thiol-ene PEG and acrylate-based PEG hydrogels for cartilage development. Biomaterials 34, 9969, 2013.
36. Farnsworth, N., Bensard, C., and Bryant, S.J. The role of the PCM in reducing oxidative stress induced by radical initiated photoencapsulation of chondrocytes in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 20, 1326, 2012.
37. Burdick, J.A., and Anseth, K.S. Photoencapsulation of osteoblasts in injectable RGD-modified PEG hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 23, 4315, 2002.
38. Weber, L.M., He, J., Bradley, B., Haskins, K., and Anseth, K.S. PEG-based hydrogels as an in vitro encapsulation platform for testing controlled beta-cell microenvironments. Acta Biomater 2, 1, 2006.
39. Lin, C.C., Raza, A., and Shih, H. PEG hydrogels formed by thiol-ene photo-click chemistry and their effect on the formation and recovery of insulin-secreting cell spheroids. Biomaterials 32, 9685, 2011.
40. Mahoney, M.J., and Anseth, K.S. Three-dimensional growth and function of neural tissue in degradable polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Biomaterials 27, 2265, 2006.
41. McKinnon, D.D., Kloxin, A.M., and Anseth, K.S. Synthetic hydrogel platform for three-dimensional culture of embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons. Biomater Sci 1, 460, 2013.
42. Hoffman, M.D., and Benoit, D.S. Emerging ideas: engineering the periosteum: revitalizing allografts by mimicking autograft healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471, 721, 2013.
43. Hoffman, M.D., Van Hove, A.H., and Benoit, D.S. Degradable hydrogels for spatiotemporal control of mesenchymal stem cells localized at decellularized bone allografts. Acta Biomater 10, 3431, 2014.
44. El-Mofty, S.K., and Kahn, A.J. Early membrane injury in lethally irradiated salivary gland cells. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 39, 55, 1981.
45. Brizel, D.M., Wasserman, T.H., Henke, M., Strnad, V., Rudat, V., Monnier, A., Eschwege, F., Zhang, J., Russell, L., Oster, W., and Sauer, R. Phase III randomized trial of amifostine as a radioprotector in head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 18, 3339, 2000.
46. Konings, A.W., Coppes, R.P., and Vissink, A. On the mechanism of salivary gland radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 62, 1187, 2005.
47. Grundmann, O., Mitchell, G.C., and Limesand, K.H. Sensitivity of salivary glands to radiation: from animal models to therapies. J Dent Res 88, 894, 2009.
48. Atsumi, T., Murata, J., Kamiyanagi, I., Fujisawa, S., and Ueha, T. Cytotoxicity of photosensitizers camphorquinone and 9-fluorenone with visible light irradiation on a human submandibular-duct cell line in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 43, 73, 1998.
49. Weber, L.M., and Anseth, K.S. Hydrogel encapsulation environments functionalized with extracellular matrix interactions increase islet insulin secretion. Matrix Biol 27, 667, 2008.
50. Lin, C.C., and Anseth, K.S. Cell-cell communication mimicry with poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for enhancing beta-cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, 6380, 2011.
51. Walker, J.L., Menko, A.S., Khalil, S., Rebustini, I., Hoffman, M.P., Kreidberg, J.A., and Kukuruzinska, M.A. Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular gland: insights into the formation of acinar and ductal structures. Dev Dyn 237, 3128, 2008.
52. Hsu, J.C., Koo, H., Harunaga, J.S., Matsumoto, K., Doyle, A.D., and Yamada, K.M. Region-specific epithelial cell dynamics during branching morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 242, 1066, 2013.
53. Menko, A.S., Zhang, L., Schiano, F., Kreidberg, J.A., and Kukuruzinska, M.A. Regulation of cadherin junctions during mouse submandibular gland development. Dev Dyn 224, 321, 2002.
54. Patel, V.N., and Hoffman, M.P. Salivary gland development: a template for regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 25-26, 52, 2014.
55. Davis, M.A., and Reynolds, A.B. Blocked acinar development, E-cadherin reduction, and intraepithelial neoplasia upon ablation of p120-catenin in the mouse salivary gland. Dev Cell 10, 21, 2006.
56. Wei, C., Larsen, M., Hoffman, M.P., and Yamada, K.M. Self-organization and branching morphogenesis of primary salivary epithelial cells. Tissue Eng 13, 721, 2007.
57. Okumura, K., Shinohara, M., and Endo, F. Capability of tissue stem cells to organize into salivary rudiments. Stem Cells Int 2012, 502136, 2012.
58. Fairbanks, B.D., Schwartz, M.P., Bowman, C.N., and Anseth, K.S. Photoinitiated polymerization of PEG-diacrylate with lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate: polymerization rate and cytocompatibility. Biomaterials 30, 6702, 2009.
59. Lin-Gibson, S., Bencherif, S., Cooper, J.A., Wetzel, S.J., Antonucci, J.M., Vogel, B.M., Horkay, F., and Washburn, N.R. Synthesis and characterization of PEG dimethacrylates and their hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 5, 1280, 2004.
60. Van Hove, A.H., Wilson, B.D., and Benoit, D.S.W. Microwave-assisted functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol) and on-resin peptides for use in chain polymerizations and hydrogel formation. J Vis Exp (80), e50890, 2013.
61. Van Hove, A.H., Beltejar, M.J., and Benoit, D.S. Development and in vitro assessment of enzymatically-responsive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for the delivery of therapeutic peptides. Biomaterials 35, 9719, 2014.
62. Anthis, N.J., and Clore, G.M. Sequence-specific determination of protein and peptide concentrations by absorbance at 205 nm. Protein Sci 22, 851, 2013.
63. Halliwell, B. Oxidative stress in cell culture: an underappreciated problem? FEBS Lett 540, 3, 2003.
64. Turrens, J.F., Freeman, B.A., Levitt, J.G., and Crapo, J.D. The effect of hyperoxia on superoxide production by lung submitochondrial particles. Arch Biochem Biophys 217, 401, 1982.
65. Yusa, T., Crapo, J.D., and Freeman, B.A. Hyperoxia enhances lung and liver nuclear superoxide generation. Biochim Biophys Acta 798, 167, 1984.
66. de Groot, H., and Littauer, A. Hypoxia, reactive oxygen, and cell injury. Free Radic Biol Med 6, 541, 1989.
67. Hocking, D.C., Sottile, J., and Langenbach, K.J. Stimulation of integrin-mediated cell contractility by fibronectin polymerization. J Biol Chem 275, 10673, 2000.
68. Garvin, K.A., Dalecki, D., Yousefhussien, M., Helguera, M., and Hocking, D.C. Spatial patterning of endothelial cells and vascular network formation using ultrasound standing wave fields. J Acoust Soc Am 134, 1483, 2013.
69. Shi, G., Zhu, L., Sun, Y., Bettencourt, R., Damsz, B., Hruban, R.H., and Konieczny, S.F. Loss of the acinarrestricted transcription factor Mist1 accelerates Kras-induced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Gastroenterology 136, 1368, 2009.
70. Jovov, B., Que, J., Tobey, N.A., Djukic, Z., Hogan, B.L., and Orlando, R.C. Role of E-cadherin in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 106, 1039, 2011.
71. Bryant, S.J., Nuttelman, C.R., and Anseth, K.S. Cytocompatibility of UV and visible light photoinitiating systems on cultured NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in vitro. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 11, 439, 2000.
72. th edn. New York: Garland Science, 2008.
73. Goto, M., Holgersson, J., Kumagai-Braesch, M., and Korsgren, O. The ADP/ATP ratio: a novel predictive assay for quality assessment of isolated pancreatic islets. Am J Transplant 6, 2483, 2006.
74. Suszynski, T.M., Wildey, G.M., Falde, E.J., Cline, G.W., Maynard, K.S., Ko, N., Sotiris, J., Naji, A., Hering, B.J., and Papas, K.K. The ATP/DNA ratio is a better indicator of islet cell viability than the ADP/ATP ratio. Transplant Proc 40, 346, 2008.
75. Wilson, D.F., Erecinska, M., Drown, C., and Silver, I.A. The oxygen dependence of cellular energy metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 195, 485, 1979.
76. Crouch, S.P., Kozlowski, R., Slater, K.J., and Fletcher, J. The use of ATP bioluminescence as a measure of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. J Immunol Methods 160, 81, 1993.
77. Burdick, J.A., Mason, M.N., Hinman, A.D., Thorne, K., and Anseth, K.S. Delivery of osteoinductive growth factors from degradable PEG hydrogels influences osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. J Control Release 83, 53, 2002.
78. Bursch, W., Kleine, L., and Tenniswood, M. The biochemistry of cell death by apoptosis. Biochem Cell Biol 68, 1071, 1990.
79. O'Brien, A.K., Cramer, N.B., and Bowman, C.N. Oxygen inhibition in thiol-acrylate photopolymerizations. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 44, 2007, 2006.
80. Moore, K., and Roberts, L.J., 2nd. Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 28, 659, 1998.
81. Morquette, B., Shi, Q., Lavigne, P., Ranger, P., Fernandes, J.C., and Benderdour, M. Production of lipid peroxidation products in osteoarthritic tissues: new evidence linking 4-hydroxynonenal to cartilage degradation. Arthritis Rheum 54, 271, 2006.
82. Stephens, L.C., Ang, K.K., Schultheiss, T.E., King, G.K., Brock, W.A., and Peters, L.J. Target cell and mode of radiation injury in rhesus salivary glands. Radiother Oncol 7, 165, 1986.
83. Leslie, M.D., and Dische, S. The early changes in salivary gland function during and after radiotherapy given for head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol 30, 26, 1994.
84. Abok, K., Brunk, U., Jung, B., and Ericsson, J. Morphologic and histochemical studies on the differing radiosensitivity of ductular and acinar cells of the rat submandibular gland. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 45, 443, 1984.
85. Goodner, M.D., and Bowman, C.N. Modeling primary radical termination and its effects on autoacceleration in photopolymerization kinetics. Macromolecules 32, 6552, 1999.
86. Wu, T.W., Hashimoto, N., Wu, J., Carey, D., Li, R.K., Mickle, D.A., and Weisel, R.D. The cytoprotective effect of trolox demonstrated with three types of human cells. Biochem Cell Biol 68, 1189, 1990.
87. Kim, Y.H., Kim, E.Y., Gwag, B.J., Sohn, S., and Koh, J.Y. Zinc-induced cortical neuronal death with features of apoptosis and necrosis: mediation by free radicals. Neuroscience 89, 175, 1999.
88. Wattamwar, P.P., Hardas, S.S., Butterfield, D.A., Anderson, K.W., and Dziubla, T.D. Tuning of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant activity of trolox through the controlled release from biodegradable poly(trolox ester) polymers. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 99, 184, 2011.
89. Ito, K., Hirao, A., Arai, F., Takubo, K., Matsuoka, S., Miyamoto, K., Ohmura, M., Naka, K., Hosokawa, K., Ikeda, Y., and Suda, T. Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med 12, 446, 2006.
90. Houstis, N., Rosen, E.D., and Lander, E.S. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 440, 944, 2006.
91. Hamanaka, R.B., Glasauer, A., Hoover, P., Yang, S., Blatt, H., Mullen, A.R., Getsios, S., Gottardi, C.J., De- Berardinis, R.J., Lavker, R.M., and Chandel, N.S. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote epidermal differentiation and hair follicle development. Sci Signal 6, ra8, 2013.
92. Anderson, S.B., Lin, C.C., Kuntzler, D.V., and Anseth, K.S. The performance of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in cell-degradable polymer-peptide hydrogels. Biomaterials 32, 3564, 2011.
93. Salic, A., and Mitchison, T.J. A chemical method for fast and sensitive detection of DNA synthesis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, 2415, 2008.
94. Shih, H., and Lin, C.C. Cross-linking and degradation of step-growth hydrogels formed by thiol-ene photoclick chemistry. Biomacromolecules 13, 2003, 2012.
95. Zustiak, S.P., and Leach, J.B. Hydrolytically degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffolds with tunable degradation and mechanical properties. Biomacromolecules 11, 1348, 2010.
96. Peppas, N.A., Hilt, J.Z., Khademhosseini, A., and Langer, R. Hydrogels in biology and medicine: from molecular principles to bionanotechnology. Adv Mat 18, 1345, 2006.
97. Raza, A., Ki, C.S., and Lin, C.C. The influence of matrix properties on growth and morphogenesis of human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells in 3D. Biomaterials 34, 5117, 2013.
98. Pin, C.L., Bonvissuto, A.C., and Konieczny, S.F. Mist1 expression is a common link among serous exocrine cells exhibiting regulated exocytosis. Anat Rec 259, 157, 2000.
99. Knox, S.M., Lombaert, I.M., Reed, X., Vitale-Cross, L., Gutkind, J.S., and Hoffman, M.P. Parasympathetic innervation maintains epithelial progenitor cells during salivary organogenesis. Science 329, 1645, 2010.
100. Hai, B., Yang, Z., Millar, S.E., Choi, Y.S., Taketo, M.M., Nagy, A., and Liu, F. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates postnatal development and regeneration of the salivary gland. Stem Cells Dev 19, 1793, 2010.
101. Kanamura, S., and Barka, T. Short term culture of dissociated rat submandibular gland cells. Lab Investig 32, 366, 1975.
102. Redman, R.S., Quissell, D.O., and Barzen, K.A. Effects of dexamethasone, epidermal growth factor, and retinoic acid on rat submandibular acinar-intercalated duct complexes in primary culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 24, 734, 1988.
103. Quissell, D.O., Redman, R.S., Barzen, K.A., and McNutt, R.L. Effects of oxygen, insulin, and glucagon concentrations on rat submandibular acini in serum-free primary culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 30A, 833, 1994.
104. Chen, M.H., Hsu, Y.H., Lin, C.P., Chen, Y.J., and Young, T.H. Interactions of acinar cells on biomaterials with various surface properties. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 74, 254, 2005.
105. Peters, S.B., Naim, N., Nelson, D.A., Mosier, A.P., Cady, N.C., and Larsen, M. Biocompatible tissue scaffold compliance promotes salivary gland morphogenesis and differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 20, 1632, 2014.
106. Sequeira, S.J., Larsen, M., and DeVine, T. Extracellular matrix and growth factors in salivary gland development. Front Oral Biol 14, 48, 2010.
107. Xie, C., Reynolds, D., Awad, H., Rubery, P.T., Pelled, G., Gazit, D., Guldberg, R.E., Schwarz, E.M., O'Keefe, R.J., and Zhang, X. Structural bone allograft combined with genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells as a novel platform for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng 13, 435, 2007.
108. Zhang, X., Xie, C., Lin, A.S., Ito, H., Awad, H., Lieberman, J.R., Rubery, P.T., Schwarz, E.M., O'Keefe, R.J., and Guldberg, R.E. Periosteal progenitor cell fate in segmental cortical bone graft transplantations: implications for functional tissue engineering. J Bone Miner Res 20, 2124, 2005.
109. Schonmeyr, B., Clavin, N., Avraham, T., Longo, V., and Mehrara, B.J. Synthesis of a tissue-engineered periosteum with acellular dermal matrix and cultured mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 15, 1833, 2009.