The platelet serotonin-release assay

American Journal of Hematology

Volumn 90, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 564-572

  Warkentin, Theodore E ^a   Arnold, Donald M ^a   Nazi, Ishac ^a   Kelton, John G ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; FIBRONECTIN; HEPARIN; HEPARIN PLATELET FACTOR 4 ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; SEROTONIN;

ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX; ARTICLE; ASSAY; CROSS LINKING; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR CLOTTING; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEPARINIZATION; HUMAN; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT CARE; PLASMAPHERESIS; PLATELET MICROPARTICLE; PLATELET REACTIVITY; PLATELET SEROTONIN RELEASE ASSAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; SCREENING TEST; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEROCONVERSION; SEROTONIN RELEASE; THROMBOCYTE; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; THROMBOCYTE RICH PLASMA; BLOOD CLOTTING PARAMETERS; PROCEDURES; SECRETION (PROCESS);

BLOOD PLATELETS; HUMANS; PLATELET FUNCTION TESTS; SEROTONIN;

EID: 84929510223     PISSN: 03618609     EISSN: 10968652     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24006     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Warkentin TE. HIT paradigms and paradoxes. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9(Suppl 1):105-117.
2. Bakchoul T, Greinacher A. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ther Adv Hematol 2012;3:237-251.
3. Warkentin TE. HITlights: A career perspective on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol 2012;87(Suppl 1):S92-S99.
4. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. A 14-year study of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Med 1996;101:502-507.
5. Warkentin TE. Clinical picture of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, editors. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 5th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2013. pp 24-76.
6. Warkentin TE, Elavathil LJ, Hayward CPM, et al. The pathogenesis of venous limb gangrene associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:804-812.
7. Chong BH, Pitney WR, Castaldi PA. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: association of thrombotic complications with heparin-dependent IgG antibody that induces thromboxane synthesis in platelet aggregation. Lancet 1982;2:1246-1249.
8. Warkentin TE, Hayward CPM, Boshkov LK, et al. Sera from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia generate platelet-derived microparticles with procoagulant activity: An explanation for the thrombotic complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood 1994;84:3691-3699.
9. Chong BH, Murray B, Berndt MC, et al. Plasma P-selectin is increased in thrombotic consumptive disorders. Blood 1994;83:1535-1541.
10. Kelton JG, Sheridan D, Santos A, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Laboratory studies. Blood 1988;72:925-930.
11. Greinacher A, Pötzsch B, Amiral J, et al. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: Isolation of the antibody and characterization of a multimolecular PF4-heparin complex as the major antigen. Thromb Haemost 1994;71:247-251.
12. Selleng K, Selleng S, Raschke R, et al. Immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can occur in patients receiving clopidogrel and aspirin. Am J Hematol 2005;78:188-192.
13. Newman PM, Chong BH. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: New evidence for the dynamic binding of purified anti-PF4-heparin antibodies to platelets and the resultant platelet activation. Blood 2000;96:182-187.
14. Humphrey JH, Jacques R. Liberation of histamine and serotonin from platelets by antigen-antibody reactions in vitro. J Physiol 1953;119:43P
15. 14C-serotonin during initial platelet changes induced by thrombin, collagen, or a23187. Blood 1977;50:915-926.
16. Kinlough-Rathbone RL, Mustard JF, Packham MA, et al. Properties of washed human platelets. Thromb Haemost 1977;37:291-308.
17. Sheridan D, Carter C, Kelton JG. A diagnostic test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood 1986;67:27-30.
18. Warkentin TE. History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, editors. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 5th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2013. pp 1-23.
19. Rhodes GR, Dixon RH, Silver D. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia with thrombotic and hemorrhagic manifestations. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1973;136:409-416.
20. Fratantoni JC, Pollet R, Gralnick HR. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Confirmation of diagnosis with in vitro methods. Blood 1975;45:395-401.
21. Chong BH, Ismail F, Cade J, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Studies with a new low molecular weight heparinoid, org 10172. Blood 1989;73:1592-1596.
22. Chong BH, Burgess J, Ismail F. The clinical usefulness of the platelet aggregation test for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 1993;69:344-350.
23. Goodfellow KJ, Brown P, Malia RG, Hampton KK. A comparison of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 1998;101(Suppl 1):89 [Abstr].
24. Trehel-Tursis V, Louvain-Quintard V, Zarrouki Y, et al. Clinical and biological features of patients suspected or confirmed to have heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a cardiothoracic surgical ICU. Chest 2012;142:837-844.
25. Warkentin TE. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the ICU: A transatlantic perspective. Chest 2012;142:815-816.
26. 14C-serotonin release assay in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Clin Pathol 1995;104:648-654.
27. Greinacher A, Michels I, Kiefel V, Mueller-Eckhardt C. A rapid and sensitive test for diagnosing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 1991;66:734-736.
28. Eichler P, Budde U, Haas S, et al. First workshop for detection of heparin-dependent antibodies: validation of the heparin-induced platelet activation test (HIPA) in comparison with a PF4/heparin ELISA. Thromb Haemost 1999;81:625-629.
29. Selleng S, Selleng K, Friesecke S, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies in intensive care patients: A prospective observational study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015;39:60-67.
30. Elalamy I, Galea V, Hatmi M, Gerotziafas GT. Heparin-induced multiple electrode aggregometry: A potential tool for improvement of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia diagnosis. J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:1932-1934.
31. Morel-Kopp MC, Aboud M, Tan CW, et al. Whole blood impedance aggregometry detects heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies. Thromb Res 2010;125:e234-e239.
32. Minet V, Baudar J, Bailly N, et al. Rapid exclusion of the diagnosis of immune HIT by AcuStar HIT and heparin-induced multiple electrode aggregometry. Thromb Res 2014;133:1074-1078.
33. Mullier F, Minet V, Bailly N, et al. Platelet microparticle generation assay: A valuable test for immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia diagnosis. Thromb Res 2014;133:1068-1073.
34. Lee DH, Warkentin TE, Denomme GA, et al. A diagnostic test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Detection of platelet microparticles using flow cytometry. Br J Haematol 1996;95:724-731.
35. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A. Laboratory testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, editors. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 5th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2013. pp 272-314.
36. Polgár J, Eichler P, Greinacher A, Clemetson KJ. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and ADP receptor play a major role in platelet activation/aggregation induced by sera from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients. Blood 1998;91:549-554.
37. Warkentin TE, Hayward CPM, Smith CA, et al. Determinants of donor platelet variability when testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Lab Clin Med 1992;120:371-379.
38. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Gruel Y, et al. Laboratory testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A conceptual framework and implications for diagnosis. J Thromb Haemost 9:2498-2500.
39. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Moore JC, et al. Quantitative interpretation of optical density measurements using PF4-dependent enzyme-immunoassays. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:1304-1312.
40. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Heels-Ansdell D, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in medical surgical critical illness. Chest 2013;144:848-858.
41. Greinacher A, Liebenhoff U, Kiefel V, et al. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: the effects of various IgG preparations on antibody mediated platelet activation-A possible new indication for high dose i.v. IgG. Thromb Haemost 1994;71:641-645.
42. Krauel K, Valentin P, Fürll B, et al. Fibronectin inhibits anti-PF4/heparin antibody induced platelet activation and low fibronectin levels are a potential risk factor for developing clinical HIT. PB 2.40-2. In: XXIVth Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Eposter. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2 July 2013. Abstract on-line.
43. Gao C, Boylan B, Fang J, et al. Heparin promotes platelet responsiveness by potentiating αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling. Blood 2011;117:4946-4952.
44. Horne MK III, Greinacher A. Nonimmune heparin-platelet interactions: Implications for the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, editors. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 5th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2013. pp 151-163.
45. Moore JC, Arnold DM, Warkentin TE, Warkentin AE, Kelton JG. An algorithm for resolving 'indeterminate' test results in the platelet serotonin release assay for investigation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:1595-1597.
46. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. Interaction of heparin with platelets, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Bounameaux H, editor. (Goldhaver SZ, editor-in-chief). Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins in Prophylaxis and Therapy of Thromboembolic Diseases. Series: Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1994. pp 75-127.
47. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Moore JC, et al. Laboratory testing for the antibodies that cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: How much class do we need?. J Lab Clin Med 2005;146:341-346.
48. Greinacher A, Juhl D, Strobel U, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A prospective study on the incidence, platelet-activating capacity and clinical significance of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5:1666-1673.
49. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Moore JC, Kelton JG. The use of well-characterized sera for the assessment of new diagnostic enzyme-immunoassays for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:216-218.
50. Amiral J, Marfaing-Koka A, Wolf M, et al. Presence of auto-antibodies to interleukin-8 or neutrophil-activating peptide-2 in patients with heparin-associated-thrombocytopenia. Blood 1996;88:410-416.
51. Regnault V, de Maistre E, Carteaux JP, et al. Platelet activation induced by human antibodies to interleukin-8. Blood 2003;101:1419-1421.
52. Reitamo S, Remitz A, Varga J, et al. Demonstration of interleukin 8 and autoantibodies to interleukin 8 in the serum of patients with systemic sclerosis and related disorders. Arch Dermatol 1993;129:189-193.
53. Raschke RA, Curry SC, Warkentin TE, Gerkin RD. Improved clinical interpretation of the anti-platelet factor 4/heparin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia through the use of receiver operating characteristic analysis, stratum-specific likelihood ratios, and Bayes theorem. Chest 2013;144:1269-1275.
54. Zwicker JI, Uhl L, Huang WY, et al. Thrombosis and ELISA optical density values in hospitalized patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:2133-2137.
55. Baroletti S, Hurwitz S, Conti NAS, et al. Thrombosis in suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia occurs more often with high antibody levels. Am J Med 2012;125:44-49.
56. Warkentin TE. Optical densities reduce odds of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia over-diagnosis. Am J Med 2012;125:3-4.
57. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Chu FV, et al. Plasma exchange to remove HIT antibodies: dissociation between enzyme-immunoassay and platelet activation test reactivities. Blood 2015;125:195-198.
58. Selleng S, Haneya A, Hirt S, et al. Management of anticoagulation in patients with subacute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia scheduled for heart transplantation. Blood 2008;112:4024-4027.
59. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI. Serological investigation of patients with a previous history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia who are reexposed to heparin. Blood 2014;123:2485-2493.
60. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. Temporal aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1286-1292.
61. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Moore JC, et al. Studies of the immune response in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood 2009;113:4963-4969.
62. Greinacher A, Kohlmann T, Strobel U, et al. The temporal profile of the anti-PF4/heparin immune response. Blood 2009;113:4970-4976.
63. Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsh J, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1330-1335.
64. Warkentin TE, Davidson BL, Büller HR, et al. Prevalence and risk of preexisting heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies in patients with acute VTE. Chest 2011;140:366-373.
65. Pouplard C, May MA, Regina S, et al. Changes in platelet count after cardiac surgery can effectively predict the development of pathogenic heparin-dependent antibodies. Br J Haematol 2005;128:837-841.
66. Warkentin TE. How I diagnose and manage HIT. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2011;2011:143-149.
67. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Horsewood P, et al. Impact of the patient population on the risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood 2000;96:1703-1708.
68. Warkentin TE, Chong BH, Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Towards consensus. Thromb Haemost 1998;79:1-7.
69. Socher I, Kroll H, Jorks S, et al. Heparin-independent activation of platelets by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies: A common occurrence. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:197-200.
70. Padmanabhan A, Jones CG, Bougie DW, et al. Heparin-independent, PF4-dependent binding of HIT antibodies to platelets: Implications for HIT pathogenesis. Blood 2015;125:155-161.
71. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:502-506.
72. Kopolovic I, Warkentin TE. Progressive thrombocytopenia after cardiac surgery in a 67-year-old man. CMAJ 2014;186:929-933.
73. Warkentin TE, Chakraborty AK, Sheppard JI, Griffin DK. The serological profile of fondaparinux-associated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome. Thromb Haemost 2012;108:394-396.
74. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Manheim JC. HIT complicating fondaparinux prophylaxis: fondaparinux-dependent platelet activation as a marker for fondaparinux-induced HIT. Thromb Haemost 2014;112:1319-1322.
75. Warkentin TE, Makris M, Jay RM, Kelton JG. A spontaneous prothrombotic disorder resembling heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Med 2008;121:632-636.
76. Jay RM, Warkentin TE. Fatal heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) during warfarin thromboprophylaxis following orthopedic surgery: Another example of 'spontaneous' HIT? J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:1598-1600.
77. Warkentin TE, Basciano PA, Knopman J, Bernstein RA. Spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome: 2 New cases and a proposal for defining this disorder. Blood 2014;123:3651-3654.
78. Linkins LA, Warkentin TE. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: real world issues. Semin Thromb Hemost 2011;37:653-663.