메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2015, Pages

Methylene blue protects astrocytes against glucose oxygen deprivation by improving cellular respiration

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; HEXOKINASE; METHYLENE BLUE; GLUCOSE; GLYCOGEN; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; OXYGEN;

EID: 84927639610     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123096     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0033199996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view
    • PMID: 10441299
    • Dirnagl U, Iadecola C, Moskowitz MA. Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. 1999; 22(9):391-7. PMID: 10441299
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 391-397
    • Dirnagl, U.1    Iadecola, C.2    Moskowitz, M.A.3
  • 2
    • 78751566697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disrupted energy metabolism and neuronal circuit dysfunction in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
    • PMID: 21147038
    • Kapogiannis D, Mattson MP. Disrupted energy metabolism and neuronal circuit dysfunction in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2011; 10(2):187-98. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422 (10)70277-5 PMID: 21147038
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-198
    • Kapogiannis, D.1    Mattson, M.P.2
  • 5
    • 4544356494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic stroke: "Acidotoxicity" is a perpetrator
    • PMID: 15369664
    • Huang Y, McNamara JO. Ischemic stroke: "acidotoxicity" is a perpetrator. Cell. 2004; 118(6):665-6. PMID: 15369664
    • (2004) Cell , vol.118 , Issue.6 , pp. 665-666
    • Huang, Y.1    McNamara, J.O.2
  • 6
    • 34249852075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute ischemic stroke: Overview of major experimental rodent models, pathophysiology, and therapy of focal cerebral ischemia
    • PMID: 17521716
    • Durukan A, Tatlisumak T. Acute ischemic stroke: overview of major experimental rodent models, pathophysiology, and therapy of focal cerebral ischemia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007; 87(1):179-97. PMID: 17521716
    • (2007) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 179-197
    • Durukan, A.1    Tatlisumak, T.2
  • 7
    • 0025309904 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusioninduced injury to gerbil brain
    • PMID: 1973301
    • Oliver CN, Starke-Reed PE, Stadtman ER, Liu GJ, Carney JM, Floyd RA. Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusioninduced injury to gerbil brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87(13):5144-7. PMID: 1973301
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.87 , Issue.13 , pp. 5144-5147
    • Oliver, C.N.1    Starke-Reed, P.E.2    Stadtman, E.R.3    Liu, G.J.4    Carney, J.M.5    Floyd, R.A.6
  • 8
    • 0030856804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reperfusion injury: Demonstration of brain damage produced by reperfusion after transient focal ischemia in rats
    • PMID: 9346429
    • Aronowski J, Strong R, Grotta JC. Reperfusion injury: demonstration of brain damage produced by reperfusion after transient focal ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997; 17(10):1048-56. PMID: 9346429
    • (1997) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1048-1056
    • Aronowski, J.1    Strong, R.2    Grotta, J.C.3
  • 9
    • 0025909198 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between free radical production and lipid peroxidation during ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat brain
    • PMID: 1933319
    • Sakamoto A, Ohnishi ST, Ohnishi T, Ogawa R. Relationship between free radical production and lipid peroxidation during ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat brain. Brain Res. 1991; 554(1-2):186-92. PMID: 1933319
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.554 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 186-192
    • Sakamoto, A.1    Ohnishi, S.T.2    Ohnishi, T.3    Ogawa, R.4
  • 10
    • 5444233626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of stroke: Lessons from animal models
    • PMID: 15704299
    • Mergenthaler P, Dirnagl U, Meisel A. Pathophysiology of stroke: lessons from animal models. Metab Brain Dis. 2004; 19(3-4):151-67. PMID: 15704299
    • (2004) Metab Brain Dis , vol.19 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 151-167
    • Mergenthaler, P.1    Dirnagl, U.2    Meisel, A.3
  • 11
    • 58549113365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Something old... something blue
    • PMID: 19144897
    • Scheindlin S. Something old. . . something blue. Mol Interv. 2008; 8(6):268-73. doi: 10.1124/mi.8.6.1 PMID: 19144897
    • (2008) Mol Interv , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 268-273
    • Scheindlin, S.1
  • 12
    • 33645913240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylene blue prevents neurodegeneration caused by rotenone in the retina
    • PMID: 16464752
    • Zhang X, Rojas JC, Gonzalez-Lima F. Methylene blue prevents neurodegeneration caused by rotenone in the retina. Neurotox Res. 2006; 9(1):47-57. PMID: 16464752
    • (2006) Neurotox Res , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-57
    • Zhang, X.1    Rojas, J.C.2    Gonzalez-Lima, F.3
  • 13
    • 40449086359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylene blue delays cellular senescence and enhances key mitochondrial biochemical pathways
    • PMID: 17928358
    • Atamna H, Nguyen A, Schultz C, Boyle K, Newberry J, Kato H, et al. Methylene blue delays cellular senescence and enhances key mitochondrial biochemical pathways. FASEB J. 2008; 22(3):703-12. PMID: 17928358
    • (2008) FASEB J , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 703-712
    • Atamna, H.1    Nguyen, A.2    Schultz, C.3    Boyle, K.4    Newberry, J.5    Kato, H.6
  • 14
    • 84868282410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective actions of methylene blue and its derivatives
    • PMID: 23118969
    • Poteet E, Winters A, Yan LJ, Shufelt K, Green KN, Simpkins JW, et al. Neuroprotective actions of methylene blue and its derivatives. PloS one. 2012; 7(10):e48279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048279 PMID: 23118969
    • (2012) PloS One , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. e48279
    • Poteet, E.1    Winters, A.2    Yan, L.J.3    Shufelt, K.4    Green, K.N.5    Simpkins, J.W.6
  • 15
    • 79955528923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer as a novel strategy for neuroprotection
    • PMID: 21454572
    • Wen Y, Li W, Poteet EC, Xie L, Tan C, Yan LJ, et al. Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer as a novel strategy for neuroprotection. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2011; 286(18):16504-15. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.208447 PMID: 21454572
    • (2011) The Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.286 , Issue.18 , pp. 16504-16515
    • Wen, Y.1    Li, W.2    Poteet, E.C.3    Xie, L.4    Tan, C.5    Yan, L.J.6
  • 16
    • 84867287360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylene blue as a cerebral metabolic and hemodynamic enhancer
    • PMID: 23056355
    • Lin AL, Poteet E, Du F, Gourav RC, Liu R, Wen Y, et al. Methylene blue as a cerebral metabolic and hemodynamic enhancer. PloS one. 2012; 7(10):e46585. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046585 PMID: 23056355
    • (2012) PloS One , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. e46585
    • Lin, A.L.1    Poteet, E.2    Du, F.3    Gourav, R.C.4    Liu, R.5    Wen, Y.6
  • 17
    • 84894344975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective efficacy of methylene blue in ischemic stroke: An MRI study
    • PMID: 24278191
    • Shen Q, Du F, Huang S, Rodriguez P, Watts LT, Duong TQ. Neuroprotective efficacy of methylene blue in ischemic stroke: an MRI study. Plos One. 2013; 8(11):e79833. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079833 PMID: 24278191
    • (2013) Plos One , vol.8 , Issue.11 , pp. e79833
    • Shen, Q.1    Du, F.2    Huang, S.3    Rodriguez, P.4    Watts, L.T.5    Duong, T.Q.6
  • 18
    • 69549135264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylene blue and Alzheimer's disease
    • PMID: 19433072
    • Oz M, Lorke DE, Petroianu GA. Methylene blue and Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009; 78(8):927-32. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.034 PMID: 19433072
    • (2009) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.78 , Issue.8 , pp. 927-932
    • Oz, M.1    Lorke, D.E.2    Petroianu, G.A.3
  • 21
    • 0141533205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New roles for astrocytes: Redefining the functional architecture of the brain
    • PMID: 14522144
    • Nedergaard M, Ransom B, Goldman SA. New roles for astrocytes: redefining the functional architecture of the brain. Trends Neurosci. 2003; 26(10):523-30. PMID: 14522144
    • (2003) Trends Neurosci , vol.26 , Issue.10 , pp. 523-530
    • Nedergaard, M.1    Ransom, B.2    Goldman, S.A.3
  • 22
    • 80052419916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling
    • PMID: 21903073
    • Petzold GC, Murthy VN. Role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling. Neuron. 2011; 71(5):782-97. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.08.009 PMID: 21903073
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.71 , Issue.5 , pp. 782-797
    • Petzold, G.C.1    Murthy, V.N.2
  • 23
    • 33645004031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cells dilate and constrict blood vessels: A mechanism of neurovascular coupling
    • PMID: 16540563
    • Metea MR, Newman EA. Glial cells dilate and constrict blood vessels: a mechanism of neurovascular coupling. J Neurosci. 2006; 26(11):2862-70. PMID: 16540563
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 2862-2870
    • Metea, M.R.1    Newman, E.A.2
  • 24
    • 12244300930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte glycogen metabolism is required for neural activity during aglycemia or intense stimulation in mouse white matter
    • Brown AM, Sickmann HM, Fosgerau K, Lund TM, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, et al. Astrocyte glycogen metabolism is required for neural activity during aglycemia or intense stimulation in mouse white matter. J Neurosci Res. 2005; 79(1-2):74-80.
    • (2005) J Neurosci Res , vol.79 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 74-80
    • Brown, A.M.1    Sickmann, H.M.2    Fosgerau, K.3    Lund, T.M.4    Schousboe, A.5    Waagepetersen, H.S.6
  • 25
    • 82955168362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain energy metabolism: Focus on astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation
    • PMID: 22152301
    • Belanger M, Allaman I, Magistretti PJ. Brain energy metabolism: focus on astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation. Cell metabolism. 2011; 14(6):724-38. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.016 PMID: 22152301
    • (2011) Cell Metabolism , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 724-738
    • Belanger, M.1    Allaman, I.2    Magistretti, P.J.3
  • 26
    • 34547761212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte glycogen and brain energy metabolism
    • PMID: 17659525
    • Brown AM, Ransom BR. Astrocyte glycogen and brain energy metabolism. Glia. 2007; 55(12):1263-71. PMID: 17659525
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , Issue.12 , pp. 1263-1271
    • Brown, A.M.1    Ransom, B.R.2
  • 27
    • 33751237994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of Disease: Astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease
    • PMID: 17117171
    • Maragakis NJ, Rothstein JD. Mechanisms of Disease: astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2006; 2(12):679-89. PMID: 17117171
    • (2006) Nat Clin Pract Neurol , vol.2 , Issue.12 , pp. 679-689
    • Maragakis, N.J.1    Rothstein, J.D.2
  • 28
    • 84865531819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte dysfunction triggers neurodegeneration in a lysosomal storage disorder
    • PMID: 22826245
    • Di Malta C, Fryer JD, Settembre C, Ballabio A. Astrocyte dysfunction triggers neurodegeneration in a lysosomal storage disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109(35):E2334-42. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209577109 PMID: 22826245
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.109 , Issue.35 , pp. E2334-E2342
    • Di Malta, C.1    Fryer, J.D.2    Settembre, C.3    Ballabio, A.4
  • 29
    • 33644519960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte dysfunction in neurological disorders: A molecular perspective
    • PMID: 16495941
    • Seifert G, Schilling K, Steinhauser C. Astrocyte dysfunction in neurological disorders: a molecular perspective. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006; 7(3):194-206. PMID: 16495941
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 194-206
    • Seifert, G.1    Schilling, K.2    Steinhauser, C.3
  • 32
    • 0001477669 scopus 로고
    • FLW. Xanthine oxidase (Xanthine dehydrogenase)
    • Bergmeyer H.U., editor New York, London: Academic Press
    • Fried R. FLW. Xanthine oxidase (Xanthine dehydrogenase). Method of enzymatic analysis. Bergmeyer H.U., editor. New York, London: Academic Press. 1974:644-9.
    • (1974) Method of Enzymatic Analysis , pp. 644-649
    • Fried, R.1
  • 33
    • 0036629494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel fluorescent oxygen indicator for intracellular oxygen measurements
    • PMID: 12175290
    • Ji J, Rosenzweig N, Jones I, Rosenzweig Z. Novel fluorescent oxygen indicator for intracellular oxygen measurements. J Biomed Opt. 2002; 7(3):404-9. PMID: 12175290
    • (2002) J Biomed Opt , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 404-409
    • Ji, J.1    Rosenzweig, N.2    Jones, I.3    Rosenzweig, Z.4
  • 34
    • 0029888311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidants in ischemic brain damage
    • PMID: 8650725
    • Chan PH. Role of oxidants in ischemic brain damage. Stroke. 1996; 27(6):1124-9. PMID: 8650725
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 1124-1129
    • Chan, P.H.1
  • 35
    • 84872486948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury in brain: Pivotal role of the mitochondrial membrane potential in reactive oxygen species generation
    • PMID: 23011809
    • Sanderson TH, Reynolds CA, Kumar R, Przyklenk K, Huttemann M. Molecular mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury in brain: pivotal role of the mitochondrial membrane potential in reactive oxygen species generation. Mol Neurobiol. 2013; 47(1):9-23. doi: 10.1007/s12035-012-8344-z PMID: 23011809
    • (2013) Mol Neurobiol , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-23
    • Sanderson, T.H.1    Reynolds, C.A.2    Kumar, R.3    Przyklenk, K.4    Huttemann, M.5
  • 36
    • 0036319021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of reactive oxygen species by the mitochondrial electron transport chain
    • PMID: 11948241
    • Liu Y, Fiskum G, Schubert D. Generation of reactive oxygen species by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. J Neurochem. 2002; 80(5):780-7. PMID: 11948241
    • (2002) J Neurochem , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 780-787
    • Liu, Y.1    Fiskum, G.2    Schubert, D.3
  • 37
    • 0141815741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: Central role of complex III
    • PMID: 12840017
    • Chen Q, Vazquez EJ, Moghaddas S, Hoppel CL, Lesnefsky EJ. Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: central role of complex III. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278(38):36027-31. PMID: 12840017
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , Issue.38 , pp. 36027-36031
    • Chen, Q.1    Vazquez, E.J.2    Moghaddas, S.3    Hoppel, C.L.4    Lesnefsky, E.J.5
  • 38
    • 18844412788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species and the modulation of stroke
    • PMID: 15890617
    • Crack PJ, Taylor JM. Reactive oxygen species and the modulation of stroke. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005; 38(11):1433-44. PMID: 15890617
    • (2005) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 1433-1444
    • Crack, P.J.1    Taylor, J.M.2
  • 39
    • 79955482316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translational stroke research of the combination of thrombolysis and antioxidant therapy
    • PMID: 21474803
    • Amaro S, Chamorro A. Translational stroke research of the combination of thrombolysis and antioxidant therapy. Stroke. 2011; 42(5):1495-9. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.615039 PMID: 21474803
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 1495-1499
    • Amaro, S.1    Chamorro, A.2
  • 40
    • 46249131138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NXY-059 for the treatment of acute stroke: Pooled analysis of the SAINT I and II Trials
    • PMID: 18369171
    • Diener HC, Lees KR, Lyden P, Grotta J, Davalos A, Davis SM, et al. NXY-059 for the treatment of acute stroke: pooled analysis of the SAINT I and II Trials. Stroke. 2008; 39(6):1751-8. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.503334 PMID: 18369171
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1751-1758
    • Diener, H.C.1    Lees, K.R.2    Lyden, P.3    Grotta, J.4    Davalos, A.5    Davis, S.M.6
  • 41
    • 33645857684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and GABA metabolism in transient and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat: Importance of astrocytes for neuronal survival
    • PMID: 16524644
    • Haberg A, Qu H, Sonnewald U. Glutamate and GABA metabolism in transient and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat: importance of astrocytes for neuronal survival. Neurochem Int. 2006; 48(6-7):531-40. PMID: 16524644
    • (2006) Neurochem Int , vol.48 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 531-540
    • Haberg, A.1    Qu, H.2    Sonnewald, U.3
  • 42
    • 33646076929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolism of C-glucose by neurons and astrocytes in brain subregions following focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • PMID: 16606370
    • Thoren AE, Helps SC, Nilsson M, Sims NR. The metabolism of C-glucose by neurons and astrocytes in brain subregions following focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Neurochem. 2006; 97(4):968-78. PMID: 16606370
    • (2006) J Neurochem , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 968-978
    • Thoren, A.E.1    Helps, S.C.2    Nilsson, M.3    Sims, N.R.4
  • 43
    • 72149093510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria, oxidative metabolism and cell death in stroke
    • PMID: 19751827
    • Sims NR, Muyderman H. Mitochondria, oxidative metabolism and cell death in stroke. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010; 1802(1):80-91. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.09.003 PMID: 19751827
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1802 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-91
    • Sims, N.R.1    Muyderman, H.2
  • 44
    • 0019815904 scopus 로고
    • Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: 1. Biochemistry and neurophysiology
    • PMID: 7328145
    • Rehncrona S, Rosen I, Siesjo BK. Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: 1. Biochemistry and neurophysiology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1981; 1(3):297-311. PMID: 7328145
    • (1981) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-311
    • Rehncrona, S.1    Rosen, I.2    Siesjo, B.K.3
  • 45
    • 84909987563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylene blue treatment delays progression of perfusion-diffusion mismatch to infarct in permanent ischemic stroke
    • Rodriguez P, Jiang Z, Huang S, Shen Q, Duong TQ. Methylene blue treatment delays progression of perfusion-diffusion mismatch to infarct in permanent ischemic stroke. Brain Res. 2014.
    • (2014) Brain Res
    • Rodriguez, P.1    Jiang, Z.2    Huang, S.3    Shen, Q.4    Duong, T.Q.5
  • 46
    • 77950483051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen metabolism: Metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons
    • PMID: 20231669
    • Benarroch EE. Glycogen metabolism: metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons. Neurology. 2010; 74(11):919-23. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d3e44b PMID: 20231669
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.11 , pp. 919-923
    • Benarroch, E.E.1
  • 47
    • 4544367820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: High-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry
    • PMID: 15356421
    • Nehlig A, Wittendorp-Rechenmann E, Lam CD. Selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2004; 24(9):1004-14. PMID: 15356421
    • (2004) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 1004-1014
    • Nehlig, A.1    Wittendorp-Rechenmann, E.2    Lam, C.D.3
  • 48
    • 0027058922 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic coupling of glial glycogen metabolism to neuronal activity in brain
    • PMID: 1295664
    • Swanson RA. Physiologic coupling of glial glycogen metabolism to neuronal activity in brain. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992;70 Suppl:: S138-44. PMID: 1295664
    • (1992) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.70 , pp. S138-S144
    • Swanson, R.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.