Herbal traditional Chinese medicine and its evidence base in gastrointestinal disorders

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 21, Issue 15, 2015, Pages 4466-4490

  Teschke, Rolf ^a   Wolff, Albrecht ^b   Frenzel, Christian ^c   Eickhoff, Axel ^a   Schulze, Johannes ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FRANKFURT   (Germany)

^b FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^d GOETHE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Evidence based trials; Gastrointestinal disorders; Herbal traditional Chinese medicine; Traditional Chinese medicine

Indexed keywords

HERBACEOUS AGENT; GASTROINTESTINAL AGENT;

BILIARY TRACT DISEASE; CHINESE HERB; CHINESE MEDICINE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COLON CARCINOMA; CROHN DISEASE; DUODENUM ULCER; DYSPEPSIA; ESOPHAGITIS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; IRRITABLE COLON; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; STOMACH ULCER; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL; GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; HUMANS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84926657348     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i15.4466     Document Type: Review

References (216)

1. Major RH. History of Medicine. Charles C Thomas, editor. Springfield: Thomas Publisher, 1954
2. WHO. IARC Monographs Vol. 82. Introduction: History of use of traditional herbal medicines, 2002. Available from: URL: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol82/mono82-6A.pdf
3. WHO. Traditional medicine: Definitions. Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/definitions/en/
4. WHO. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine, 2000. Available from: URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO-EDM-TRM-2000.1.pdf?ua=1
5. MHRA. Herbal medicines regulation: Registered traditional herbal medicines. Available from: URL: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Howweregulate/Medicines/Herbalmedicinesregulation/RegisteredTraditionalHerbalMedicines/
6. EMA. Herbal medicinal products. Available from: URL: http://ec.europa.eu/health/human-use/herbal-medicines/index-en.htm
7. Raghavendra HL, Yogesh HS, Gopalakrishna B, Chardrashkhar VM, Sathish Kumar BP, Kumar V. An overview of herbal medicine. Int J Pharmaceut Sci 2009; 1: 1-20
8. Nishimura K, Plotnikoff GA, Watanabe K. Kampo medicine as an integrative medicine in Japan. JMAJ 2009; 52: 147-149
9. Park HL, Lee HS, Shin BC, Liu JP, Shang Q, Yamashita H, Lim B. Traditional medicine in china, Korea, and Japan: a brief introduction and comparison. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 429103 [PMID: 23133492 DOI: 10.1155/2012/429103]
10. National Institutes of Health; National Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine: An introduction. Last update 10 January 2014. Available from: URL: http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/chinesemed.htm
11. The essentials of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Available from: URL: http://www.china.org.cn/english/MATERIAL/185685.htm
12. Medical Center; NYU Langone: Herbal medicine. Available from: URL: http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=37432
13. Manheimer E, Wieland S, Kimbrough E, Cheng K, Berman BM. Evidence from the Cochrane Collaboration for Traditional Chinese Medicine therapies. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15: 1001-1014 [PMID: 19757977 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2008.0414]
14. Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J. Review article: Herbal hepatotoxicity - an update on traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40: 32-50 [PMID: 24844799]
15. National Institutes of Health and LiverTox. Drug record. Chi R Yun (Breynia officinalis). Last updated 25 October 2013. Available from: URL: http://livertox.nih.gov/ChiRYun.htm
16. Posadzki P, Watson L, Ernst E. Contamination and adulteration of herbal medicinal products (HMPs): an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69: 295-307 [PMID: 22843016 DOI: 10.10007/s00228-012-1353-z]
17. Ernst E. Adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines with synthetic drugs: a systematic review. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 107-113 [PMID: 12190885 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00999.x]
18. Harewood GC, Hendrick LM. Prospective, controlled assessment of the impact of formal evidence-based medicine teaching workshop on ability to appraise the medical literature. Ir J Med Sci 2010; 179: 91-94 [PMID: 19707728 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-009-0411-8]
19. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. version 5.1.0: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011
20. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ 1996; 312: 71-72 [PMID: 8555924 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71]
21. Pannucci CJ, Wilkins EG. Identifying and avoiding bias in research. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 126: 619-625 [PMID: 20679844 DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181de24bc]
22. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, Schünemann HJ. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 924-926 [PMID: 18436948 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.470347.AD]
23. Kirk-Smith MD, Stretch DD. Evidence-based medicine and randomized double-blind clinical trials: a study of flawed implementation. J Eval Clin Pract 2001; 7: 119-123 [PMID: 11489037 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2753.2001.00270.x]
24. Begg C, Cho M, Eastwood S, Horton R, Moher D, Olkin I, Pitkin R, Rennie D, Schulz KF, Simel D, Stroup DF. Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement. JAMA 1996; 276: 637-639 [PMID: 8773637 DOI: 10.1001/jama.1996.03540080059030]
25. Cochrane AL. Effectiveness and efficiency: Random reflections on health services. Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust, 1972
26. Wang Q, Guo Z, Zhao P, Wang Y, Gan T, Yang J. Chinese herbal medicines for acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005; 1: CD003631
27. Yang J, Zhu L, Wu Z, Wang Y. Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013; 4: CD005096
28. Liu ZL, Xie LZ, Zhu J, Li GQ, Grant SJ, Liu JP. Herbal medicines for fatty liver diseases. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013; 8: CD009059
29. Wei X, Chen Z, Yang X, Wu T. Chinese herbal medicines for esophageal cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009; 4: CD004520
30. Ioannidis JP, Evans SJ, Gøtzsche PC, O'Neill RT, Altman DG, Schulz K, Moher D. Better reporting of harms in randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. Ann Intern Med 2004; 141: 781-788 [PMID: 15545678 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00009]
31. Tang JL, Liu BY, Ma KW. Traditional Chinese medicine. Lancet 2008; 372: 1938-1940 [PMID: 18930523 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62131-0]
32. Tang JL, Zhan SY, Ernst E. Review of randomised controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine. BMJ 1999; 319: 160-161 [PMID: 10406751 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7203.160]
33. Wang G, Mao B, Xiong ZY, Fan T, Chen XD, Wang L, Liu GJ, Liu J, Guo J, Chang J, Wu TX, Li TQ. The quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine: a survey of 13 randomly selected journals from mainland China. Clin Ther 2007; 29: 1456-1467 [PMID: 17825697 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.07.023]
34. Shaw D. Toxicological risks of Chinese herbs. Planta Med 2010; 76: 2012-2018 [PMID: 21077025]
35. Zhang L, Yan J, Liu X, Ye Z, Yang X, Meyboom R, Chan K, Shaw D, Duez P. Pharmacovigilance practice and risk control of Traditional Chinese Medicine drugs in China: current status and future perspective. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 140: 519-525 [PMID: 22374080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.058]
36. Ernst E. Methodological aspects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Ann Acad Med Singapore 2006; 35: 773-774 [PMID: 17160191]
37. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, Vol. 1. Beijing: Peoples Medical Publishing House, 2005
38. Chan K. Chinese medicinal materials and their interface with Western medical concepts. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 96: 1-18 [PMID: 15588645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.019]
39. Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37: 3-17 [PMID: 23121117 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12109]
40. Ma X, Peng JH, Hu YY. Chinese herbal medicine-induced liver injury. J Clin Translat Hepatol 2014; 2: 170-175 [DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2014.00009]
41. Teschke R. Traditional Chinese Medicine induced liver injury. J Clin Translat Hepatol 2014; 2: 80-94 [DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2014.00003]
42. Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J. Letter: Herbal hepatotoxicity - an update on traditional Chinese medicine preparations; authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40: 738-740 [PMID: 25123394 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12887]
43. Lai JN, Tang JL, Wang JD. Observational studies on evaluating the safety and adverse effects of traditional chinese medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013: 697893 [PMID: 24159351 DOI: 10.1155/2013/697893]
44. Zhao L, Nicholson JK, Lu A, Wang Z, Tang H, Holmes E, Shen J, Zhang X, Li JV, Lindon JC. Targeting the human genome-microbiome axis for drug discovery: inspirations from global systems biology and traditional Chinese medicine. J Proteome Res 2012; 11: 3509-3519 [PMID: 22624854 DOI: 10.1021/pr3001628]
45. Li J, Lu C, Jiang M, Niu X, Guo H, Li L, Bian Z, Lin N, Lu A. Traditional chinese medicine-based network pharmacology could lead to new multicompound drug discovery. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 149762 [PMID: 23346189 DOI: 10.1155/2012/149762]
46. Pelkonen O, Xu Q, Fan TP. Why is Research on Herbal Medicinal Products Important and How Can We Improve Its Quality? J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4: 1-7 [PMID: 24872927 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.124323]
47. Lin H, Liu J, Zhang Y. Developments in cancer prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine. Front Med 2011; 5: 127-133 [PMID: 21695616 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-011-0137-7]
48. Hu J, Zhang J, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Shang H. Cochrane systematic reviews of Chinese herbal medicines: an overview. PLoS One 2011; 6: e28696 [PMID: 22174870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028696]
49. Li X, Yang G, Li X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Chang J, Sun X, Zhou X, Guo Y, Xu Y, Liu J, Bensoussan A. Traditional Chinese medicine in cancer care: a review of controlled clinical studies published in chinese. PLoS One 2013; 8: e60338 [PMID: 23560092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060338]
50. Zhao YH, Liu ZI, Li LH, Jiang SH, Shi CH. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of non-acute bronchial asthma complicated by gastroesophageal reflux. J Tradit Chin Med 2012; 32: 12-18 [PMID: 22594096 DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(12)60025-9]
51. Ghen JY, Qiu JR, Pan F. [Clinical observation on treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux with modified zhizhu pill]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2004; 24: 25-27 [PMID: 14976884]
52. Zhang Q, Tan XP, Wang WZ. [Clinical effects of dalitong granule combined proton pump inhibitors on gastroesophageal reflux disease]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 464-467 [PMID: 22803423]
53. Li BS, Li ZH, Tang XD, Zhang LY, Zhao YP, Bian LQ, Zhang YQ, Wang P, Wang FY. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded and double-dummy trial of the effect of tongjiang granule on the nonerosive reflux disease of and Gan-Wei incoordination syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17: 339-345 [PMID: 21611896 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0724-0]
54. Zhong Y, Zhou H, Zhong L. [Clinical observation on jiangni hewei decoction in treatment of 45 patients with reflux esophagitis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2005; 25: 876-879 [PMID: 16313106]
55. Xu G. Treatment of reflux laryngopharyngitis with modified banxia xiexin tang (Pinellia decoction for draining the heart) - a report of 40 cases. J Tradit Chin Med 2006; 26: 127-131 [PMID: 16817279]
56. Xu HR, Bo P, Yuan Y. [Study on integrated Chinese and Western therapy and criterion for efficacy evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease - a clinical observation on 116 cases]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2007; 27: 204-207 [PMID: 17432676]
57. Hao Y, Sun X, Zhang J. [Effects of Yunqitang on both esophageal mucosal morphology and esophageal motility in reflux esophagitis patients]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1998; 18: 345-347 [PMID: 11477908]
58. Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, Blum AL, Armstrong D, Galmiche JP, Johnson F, Hongo M, Richter JE, Spechler SJ, Tytgat GN, Wallin L. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut 1999; 45: 172-180 [PMID: 10403727 DOI: 10.1136/gut.45.2.172]
59. An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management - the Genval Workshop Report. Gut 1999; 44 Suppl 2: S1-S16 [PMID: 10741335 DOI: 10.1136/gut.44.2008.S1]
60. Armstrong D. Endoscopic evaluation of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Yale J Biol Med 1999; 72: 93-100 [PMID: 10780570]
61. Hu FL, Cheng H, Zhang XZ, An HJ, Sheng JQ, Lü NH, Xie Y, Chen ZS, Xu JM, Hu NZ, Zheng PY, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang SS, Tao L, Zhang ZY, Cui MH, Yang GB, Wang BM, Jiang K, Yang Q, Gao HJ. [Jinghuaweikang capsules combined with triple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and duodenal ulcer and analysis of antibiotic resistance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical study]. Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi 2012; 92: 679-684 [PMID: 22781295]
62. Hu FL. [A multicenter study of Chinese patent medicine wenweishu/yangweishu in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori positive patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi 2010; 90: 75-78 [PMID: 20356485]
63. Hu L, Hu X, Yang M, Xie H, Xiang Y. Clinical effects of the method for warming the middle-jiao and strengthening the spleen on gastric mucosa repair in chronic gastritis patients. J Tradit Chin Med 2008; 28: 189-192 [PMID: 19004201 DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(08)60044-8]
64. Li Y, Xu JK, Uu XR. [Clinical and pathological study of weiyan serial recipes in the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2011; 31: 1635-1638 [PMID: 22384550]
65. Li DG, Du YR, Guo M. [Effect of huazhuo jiedu recipe on gastric juice compositions and tumor markers in patients with chronic atrophic gastritic precancerosis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2011; 31: 496-499 [PMID: 21608221]
66. Wu YN, Chen YB, Wang WF, Tu Z. [Clinical study on effects of kangwei granule on precancerous lesion in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2005; 25: 836-839 [PMID: 16248251]
67. Xia J. Medicinal herbs used in pairs for treatment of 98 cases of chronic gastritis. J Tradit Chin Med 2004; 24: 208-209 [PMID: 15510804]
68. Ji A, Zhao W, Wang Z. [Clinical and experimental study on treatment of Helicobacter pylori infected gastritis by xialian yiyou capsule]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1999; 19: 595-598 [PMID: 11783172]
69. Lu W, Shan Z, Shen H. [Clinical study of weishu capsule in treating precancerous lesions of chronic atrophic gastritis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1998; 18: 721-723 [PMID: 11475717]
70. Zhong WR, Huang YX, Cui JP. [Clinical study on modified sijunzi decoction in treating intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1997; 17: 462-464 [PMID: 10322830]
71. Yin GY, He XF, Du YQ. [Clinical study on the piweiping capsule in treating patients with metaplasia of gastric mucosa]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1996; 16: 283-286 [PMID: 9387720]
72. Long DS, Li CM, Yang QG. [Clinical observation on verrucous gastritis with combined therapy of traditional Chinese and Western medicine]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1994; 14: 150-151, 132-133 [PMID: 7950183]
73. Chen F, Wei B, Yao W, Luo X. Kang wei granules in treatment of gastropathy related to Helicobacter pylori infection. J Tradit Chin Med 2003; 23: 27-31 [PMID: 12747192]
74. Zeng J, Zuo XL, Wei W. [Clinical study on treatment of chronic superficial gastritis with jinghua weikang capsule]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2006; 26: 517-520 [PMID: 16841668]
75. Li CY, Shi XY, Zhou SJ. [Clinical and experimental study on gastrosia convalescens in treating chronic atrophic gastritis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1995; 15: 21-24 [PMID: 7767060]
76. Liu XR, Han WQ, Sun DR. [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric mucosa with xiao wei yan powder]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1992; 12: 602-603, 580 [PMID: 1302542]
77. Zhou FS, Hu LJ, Wang RJ, Huang ZX, Luo Q. Study on clinical effect and mechanism of jianpi qingre huayu recipe. Chin J Integr Med 2007; 13: 22-26 [PMID: 17578313 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-007-0022-z]
78. Zhang WP, Ge HN, Guo JW. [Effect of yiqi huoxue formula on healing quality and recurrence rate of peptic ulcer]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2009; 29: 1081-1084 [PMID: 20214327]
79. Deng C, Luo WS, Li GX. [Morphological observation on gastric mucosa membrane of patients with gastric ulcer treated with combined use of Qifang Weitong Powder and omeprazole]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2007; 27: 610-612 [PMID: 17717919]
80. Zhang RM, Wang L, Chen GY, Mao B, Chang J, Zhang Y, Li TQ, Gong M, Wang YQ, Feng WJ, Li XW. [Randomized controlled trial on haiguiyuyang capsule in the treatment of duodenal ulcer]. Sichuan Daxue Xuebao Yixueban 2005; 36: 233-236 [PMID: 15807275]
81. Zhou B, Li JB, Cai GX, Ling JH, Dai XP. [Therapeutic effects of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on patients with peptic ulcers]. Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao Yixueban 2005; 30: 714-718 [PMID: 16708818]
82. Ji F, Chen JY, Chen JX. [Comparative study on Jinghua Weikang Capsule and famotidine in treating duodenal ulcer]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2006; 26: 357-360 [PMID: 16689009]
83. Yang ZW, Gao YG, Zhang H. [Clinical observation on 80 cases with duodenal bulbar ulcer treated with kuiyangqing pill]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1994; 14: 152-153, 133 [PMID: 7950184]
84. Lin Y, Liao SS, Zhou YJ. [Clinical study on effect of Jianwei Yuyang Granule in treating patients with gastric ulcer]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2007; 27: 606-609 [PMID: 17717918]
85. He LZ, Zhang Q, Wang SC. [Clinical study on treatment of gastric ulcer with qingwei zhitong pill]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2001; 21: 422-423 [PMID: 12577435]
86. Wan QX, Wang Y, Wang D. [Clinical and experimental studies of yuyang powder in treatment of peptic ulcer]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1996; 16: 78-80 [PMID: 8762418]
87. Yang Y, Yu KY, Zeng XC. [Clinical study on treatment of peptic ulcer with bushen kangkui decoction]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1995; 15: 583-585 [PMID: 8704420]
88. Li S, Chen Z, Yan H, Wang Q. Clinical observation on 80 children with peptic ulcer treated primarily by traditional Chinese medicine. J Tradit Chin Med 1995; 15: 14-17 [PMID: 7783454]
89. Ma LS, Guo TM. [Combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of intractable ulcer]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1992; 12: 524-526, 516 [PMID: 1298466]
90. Li JB, Jin YQ. [Treatment of peptic ulcer with jian-wei yu-wang tablets]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1991; 11: 141-143, 131-132 [PMID: 2065391]
91. Zhou Z, Hu Y, Pi D, Fan S, Yang Z, Wang Z, Gao J, Peng Q, Yao S, Liu L. Clinical and experimental observations on treatment of peptic ulcer with wei yang an (easing peptic-ulcer) capsule. J Tradit Chin Med 1991; 11: 34-39 [PMID: 1861510]
92. Gong Y, Zha Q, Li L, Liu Y, Yang B, Liu L, Lu A, Lin Y, Jiang M. Efficacy and safety of Fufangkushen colon-coated capsule in the treatment of ulcerative colitis compared with mesalazine: a double-blinded and randomized study. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 141: 592-598 [PMID: 21911045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.057]
93. Gong Y, Zha Q, Li L, Liu Y, Yang B, Liu L, Lu A, Lin Y, Jiang M. Efficacy and safety of Fufangkushen colon-coated capsule in the treatment of ulcerative colitis compared with mesalazine: a double-blinded and randomized study. Dt Z Akupunktur 2014; 57: 20-21 [DOI: 10.1016/J.DZA.2014.05.006]
94. Liao NS, Ren JA, Fan CG, Wang GF, Zhao YZ, Li JS. [Efficacy of polyglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii in preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn disease]. Zhonghua Weichang Waike Zazhi 2009; 12: 167-169 [PMID: 19296254]
95. Han J, Wang J, Wang JH. Effects of jianpi herbal suppository on hemorheology and CD62p in patients with ulcerative colitis. J Tradit Chin Med 2014; 34: 155-158 [PMID: 24783925 DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(14)60070-4]
96. He HH, Shen H, Zheng K. [Observation of the curative effect of qingchang huashi recipe for treating active ulcerative colitis of inner-accumulation of damp-heat syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 1598-1601 [PMID: 23469594]
97. Fukunaga K, Ohda Y, Hida N, Iimuro M, Yokoyama Y, Kamikozuru K, Nagase K, Nakamura S, Miwa H, Matsumoto T. Placebo controlled evaluation of Xilei San, a herbal preparation in patients with intractable ulcerative proctitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27: 1808-1815 [PMID: 22775479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07215.x]
98. Zhou T, Zhang SS, Cui C. [Clinical study of comprehensive treatment of Chinese medicine in treating ulcerative colitis based on two steps according to the stage of disease]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 172-175 [PMID: 22574586]
99. Tong ZQ, Yang B, Tong XY. [A multi-center randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study on efficacy of composite sophora colon-soluble capsules in treating ulcerative colitis of internal dampness-heat accumulation syndrome type]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2011; 31: 172-176 [PMID: 21425568]
100. Tong ZQ, Yang B, Chen BY, Zhao ML. A multi-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical study on the efficacy of composite sophora colon-soluble capsules in treating ulcerative colitis. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16: 486-492 [PMID: 21110172 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0562-5]
101. Chen ZS, Nie ZW, Sun QL. [Clinical study in treating intractable ulcerative colitis with traditional Chinese medicine]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1994; 14: 400-402 [PMID: 7950223]
102. Ling XH, Yu X, Kong DJ, Hu CY, Hong Y, Yang XM. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with Chinese drugs administered by both oral intake and retention enema. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16: 222-228 [PMID: 20694776 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0222-0]
103. Liu JP, McIntosh H, Lin H. Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000; 4: CD001940
104. Liu JP, Manheimer E, Tsutani K, Gluud C. Medicinal herbs for hepatitis C virus infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001; 4: CD003183
105. Xia Y, Luo H, Liu JP, Gluud C. Phyllanthus species versus antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013; 4: CD009004
106. Liu P, Hu YY, Liu C, Xu LM, Liu CH, Sun KW, Hu DC, Yin YK, Zhou XQ, Wan MB, Cai X, Zhang ZQ, Ye J, Zhou RX, He J, Tang BZ. Multicenter clinical study on Fuzhenghuayu capsule against liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 2892-2899 [PMID: 15902724 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i19.2892]
107. Liu P, Hu YY, Liu C, Xu LM, Liu CH, Sun KW, Hu DC, Yin YK, Zhou XQ, Wan MB, Cai X, Zhang ZQ, Ye J, Tang BZ, He J. [Multicenter clinical study about the action of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule against liver fibrosis with chronic hepatitis B]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Xuebao 2003; 1: 89-98, 102 [PMID: 15339577]
108. Deng X, Liang J, Wu FS, Li YB, Zhang YP, Tang YF. Influence of Fuzheng Huayu Tablet on mental state and social function of patients with post-hepatitis B liver cirrhosis. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18: 466-472 [PMID: 22821660 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1112-0]
109. Tang LL, Sheng JF, Xu CH, Liu KZ. Clinical and experimental effectiveness of Astragali compound in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B. J Int Med Res 2009; 37: 662-667 [PMID: 19589248 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700308]
110. Xiao HJ, Shi CG, Zhang AP, Li P, Fan ZS. [Effects of Kang Gang Qian Granule (KGQG) on clinical and pathological features in chronic hepatitis B patients]. Zhonghua Shiyan He Linchuang Bingduxue Zazhi 2007; 21: 369-371 [PMID: 18322606]
111. Yang HY, Li J, Yi M. [Study on chronical hepatitis B with treatment of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine]. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2006; 31: 1277-1280 [PMID: 17048576]
112. Mollison L, Totten L, Flexman J, Beaman M, Batey R. Randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial of a Chinese herbal therapy (CH100) in chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21: 1184-1188 [PMID: 16824073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04320.x]
113. Chen JJ, Tang BX, Wang LT. [Clinical study on effect of bushen granule combined with marine injection in treating chronic hepatitis B of Gan-shen deficiency with damp-heat syndrome type]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2006; 26: 23-27 [PMID: 16466167]
114. Jakkula M, Boucher TA, Beyendorff U, Conn SM, Johnson JE, Nolan CJ, Peine CJ, Albrecht JH. A randomized trial of Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of symptomatic hepatitis C. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 1341-1346 [PMID: 15226169 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.164.12.1341]
115. Zhang CP, Tian ZB, Liu XS, Zhao QX, Wu J, Liang YX. Effects of Zhaoyangwan on chronic hepatitis B and posthepatic cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 295-298 [PMID: 14716843]
116. Liu P, Hu YY, Liu C, Zhu DY, Xue HM, Xu ZQ, Xu LM, Liu CH, Gu HT, Zhang ZQ. Clinical observation of salvianolic acid B in treatment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8: 679-685 [PMID: 12174378]
117. Chen C, Guo SM, Liu B. A randomized controlled trial of kurorinone versus interferon-alpha2a treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2000; 7: 225-229 [PMID: 10849265 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2000.00216.x]
118. Akbar N, Tahir RA, Santoso WD, Soemarno HM, Liu G. Effectiveness of the analogue of natural Schisandrin C (HpPro) in treatment of liver diseases: an experience in Indonesian patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998; 111: 248-251 [PMID: 10374427]
119. Batey RG, Bensoussan A, Fan YY, Bollipo S, Hossain MA. Preliminary report of a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a Chinese herbal medicine preparation CH-100 in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13: 244-247 [PMID: 9570235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.01550.x]
120. Mao Q, Su Y, Wu C, Duan Z, Tang J, Gu C, Liang H, Yang J, Huang L, Zheng Y, Wang M, Gong X. [Sustained efficacy of alpha-interferon therapy combined with Yixuesheng Capsule in treatment of chronic hepatitis B]. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2012; 37: 537-540 [PMID: 22667159]
121. Zhang T, Wang Y, Sun KW. [Effects of entecavir and Shenxian Yiganling combination therapy on patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B for 48 weeks]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 180-182 [PMID: 22574588]
122. Qiu H, Mao DW, Wei AL. [Clinical study on Baihua Xianglian detoxification recipe combined with adefovir dipivoxil in treating HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 176-179 [PMID: 22574587]
123. Tang CL, Zhou Z, Shi WQ. [Effects of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule on the ratio of TGF-beta1/BMP-7 of chronic viral hepatitis B fibrosis patients of Gan-Shen insufficiency blood-stasis obstruction syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 20-24 [PMID: 22500384]
124. Hu XY, Zhang Y, Chen G, Zhong S, Fan XJ. [A prospective cohort study on the influence of high doses of herbs for clearing heat and resolving stasis on survival rates in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Xuebao 2012; 10: 176-185 [PMID: 22313885 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20120208]
125. Tang BZ, Li M, Gao YQ. [Curative effect of Yidu Recipe in treating chronic hepatitis B patients of gan-shen yin-deficiency and damp-heat syndrome type and its influence of T-cell subsets]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2010; 30: 823-827 [PMID: 21038650]
126. Li Y, Wang L, Su C, Sun HN. Clinical observation on the treatment of chronic severe hepatitis B by retention enema with Huchang Jiedu Decoction. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16: 348-352 [PMID: 20697947 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0519-8]
127. Liang JX, Zeng WT, Zhu KL, Zhang H, Wei JJ. [Effects of Danqi Huogan Capsule in protecting the liver, promoting circulation and removing clots in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Nanfang Yike Daxue Xuebao 2010; 30: 379-381 [PMID: 20159729]
128. Chi XL, Wu LM, Jiang JM, Chen PQ, Tian GJ, Xiao HM, Cai GS, Chen Y, Qian Y. [Evaluation of Chai Shao Liu Jun Tang for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi 2009; 17: 440-442 [PMID: 19567023]
129. Wang YL. [Yiqi Huoxue Recipe combined with polyene phosphatidycholine capsule in treating 50 patients with nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2007; 27: 162-164 [PMID: 17343008]
130. Deng G, Kurtz RC, Vickers A, Lau N, Yeung KS, Shia J, Cassileth B. A single arm phase II study of a Far-Eastern traditional herbal formulation (sho-sai-ko-to or xiao-chai-hu-tang) in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 136: 83-87 [PMID: 21527335]
131. Ye F, Liu Y, Qiu G, Zhao Y, Liu M. [Clinical study on treatment of cirrhosis by different dosages of salvia injection]. Zhongyaocai 2005; 28: 850-854 [PMID: 16447879]
132. Wang XB, Jiang YY, Zhao CY. [Clinical research of xinganbao capsule on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 325-328 [PMID: 22686076]
133. Zhou ZH, Li M, Huang LY. [Study of xiaozhang recipe combined with lamivudine in treatment of 84 chronic viral hepatitis B patients with compensated liver cirrhosis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2011; 31: 1220-1223 [PMID: 22013800]
134. Long Y, Lin XT, Zeng KL, Zhang L. Efficacy of intramuscular matrine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2004; 3: 69-72 [PMID: 14969841]
135. Li W, Wang C, Zhang J. Effects of da ding feng zhu decoction in 30 cases of liver fibrosis. J Tradit Chin Med 2003; 23: 251-254 [PMID: 14719288]
136. Hu YH, Liao ZR, Zou GM. [Clinical and experimental study on effect of ganyan IV in treatment of chronic active hepatitis complicated with hyperbilirubinemia]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1996; 16: 210-212 [PMID: 9206242]
137. Yang HZ, Wang FL, Wang YZ, Shen WS, Xu GL, Yang YW, Huang XL. [The clinical study on chronic hepatitis B treated by the four-step therapeutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine]. Zhongyaocai 2006; 29: 748-752 [PMID: 17059015]
138. Yang H, Guo K, Shen W, Li Y, Dai M. [Clinical observation of the treatment of 654-2 injection and "ganxian tui huang recipe" on liver cirrhosis with intractable jaundice]. Zhongyaocai 2003; 26: 385-387 [PMID: 14535021]
139. Gan T, Chen J, Jin SJ, Wang Y. Chinese medicinal herbs for cholelithiasis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013; 6: CD004547
140. Ma XM, Fu QJ, Qu SX. [Effects of Jinhuang Yidan Granule on the bile compositions of primary bile duct pigment calculus patients]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 25-28 [PMID: 22500385]
141. Cui NQ, Wu XZ, Zheng XL. [Effect of li dan ling in decreasing jaundice and improving liver function in patients with obstructive jaundice]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1989; 9: 137-140, 131 [PMID: 2736696]
142. Wu Y, Yao DK, Zhu L. [Clinical observation on the safety and efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid and fuzheng huayu capsule in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 1477-1482 [PMID: 23359968]
143. Tong GD, Tang HH, Wei CS, Chen YJ, He JS, Zhou XZ, Zheng YJ, Zhou DQ. Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid combined with Tongdan Decoction () on immunological indices and histopathological changes in primary biliary cirrhosis patients. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18: 16-22 [PMID: 22231705 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-0112-0962-9]
144. Qi YZ, Zhang LZ, Liu Y. Eighty cases of chronic cholecystitis treated by oral administration of dan an tang. J Tradit Chin Med 2009; 29: 288-290 [PMID: 20112492 DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(09)60086-8]
145. Jiang J, He M. [Clinical features of primary biliary cirrhosis and treatment of it by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Xuebao 2003; 1: 99-102 [PMID: 15339578 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20030205]
146. Zhou LY, Shan ZZ, You JL. Clinical observation on treatment of colonic cancer with combined treatment of chemotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2009; 15: 107-111 [PMID: 19407947 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-009-0107-y]
147. Liu J, Wang WP, Zhou YY. [Observation on therapeutic effect of jianpi huoxue herbs combined with chemotherapy in treating postoperational colonic cancer patients]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2005; 25: 207-209 [PMID: 15842137]
148. Cao GW, Yang WG, Du P. [Observation of the effects of LAK/IL-2 therapy combining with Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in the treatment of 75 cancer patients]. Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi 1994; 16: 428-431 [PMID: 7720497]
149. Guo Z. [Clinical observation on treatment of 38 cases of postoperational large intestinal cancer by fuzheng yiai decoction combined with chemotherapy]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1999; 19: 20-22 [PMID: 11783254]
150. Li NQ. [Clinical and experimental study on shen-qi injection with chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumor of digestive tract]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1992; 12: 588-592, 579 [PMID: 1302539]
151. Wu GL, Zhang L, Li TY, Chen J, Yu GY, Li JP. Short-term effect of combined therapy with Jinlong Capsule and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and its influence on serum osteopontin expression. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16: 109-113 [PMID: 20473734 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0109-9]
152. Oka H, Yamamoto S, Kuroki T, Harihara S, Marumo T, Kim SR, Monna T, Kobayashi K, Tango T. Prospective study of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma with Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9). Cancer 1995; 76: 743-749 [PMID: 8625175]
153. Yamamoto S, Oka H, Kanno T, Mizoguchi Y, Kobayashi K. [Controlled prospective trial to evaluate Syosakiko-to in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis of the liver]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1989; 16: 1519-1524 [PMID: 2543309]
154. Huang Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang R, Chen Q. Effect of Xiaoaiping injection on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in patients. J Tradit Chin Med 2013; 33: 34-38 [PMID: 23596809 DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(13)60097-7]
155. Yen Y, So S, Rose M, Saif MW, Chu E, Liu SH, Foo A, Jiang Z, Su T, Cheng YC. Phase I/II study of PHY906/capecitabine in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2009; 29: 4083-4092 [PMID: 19846955]
156. Chen Z, Zhai XF, Su YH, Wan XY, Li J, Xie JM, Gao B. [Clinical observation of cinobufacini injection used to treat moderate and advanced primary liver cancer]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Xuebao 2003; 1: 184-186 [PMID: 15339556 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20030311]
157. Peng ZS, Rao RS, Gong ZF. [Clinical effects of perfusing drugs into hepatic artery to promote blood circulation in late stage of hepatocarcinoma]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1993; 13: 330-332, 323 [PMID: 8257834]
158. Saif MW, Lansigan F, Ruta S, Lamb L, Mezes M, Elligers K, Grant N, Jiang ZL, Liu SH, Cheng YC. Phase I study of the botanical formulation PHY906 with capecitabine in advanced pancreatic and other gastrointestinal malignancies. Phytomedicine 2010; 17: 161-169 [PMID: 20092990 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.016]
159. Zhai XF, Chen Z, Li B, Shen F, Fan J, Zhou WP, Yang YK, Xu J, Qin X, Li LQ, Ling CQ. Traditional herbal medicine in preventing recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med 2013; 11: 90-100 [PMID: 23506690 DOI: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013021]
160. Zhao HJ, Du J, Chen X. [Clinical study of Fuzheng Yiliu Recipe combined with microwave ablation on hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 32-34 [PMID: 22500387]
161. Feng YL, Ling CQ, Li B. [Clinical study on integrative medicine for preventing and treating post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2005; 25: 534-536 [PMID: 16025970]
162. Wang H. [Clinical observation on effect of comprehensive immunotherapy in treating hepatic carcinoma after embolism chemotherapy]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1998; 18: 411-413 [PMID: 11477817]
163. Zheng C, Feng G, Liang H. Bletilla striata as a vascular embolizing agent in interventional treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998; 111: 1060-1063 [PMID: 11263363]
164. Tian HQ, Li HL, Wang B, Liang GW, Huang XQ, Huang ZQ, Lang JM, Zhang YP, Chen XZ, Chen YS. Treatment of middle/late stage primary hepatic carcinoma by Chinese medicine comprehensive therapy: A prospective randomized controlled study. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16: 102-108 [PMID: 20473733 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0102-3]
165. Wang B, Tian HQ, Liang GW. [Effect of ganji recipe combined with Fructus Bruceae oil emulsion intervention on quality of life in patients with advanced primary hepatic cancer]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2009; 29: 257-260 [PMID: 19548447]
166. Hou EC, Lu YX. [Primary hepatocarcinoma treated by traditional Chinese medicine combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2009; 29: 225-227 [PMID: 19548439]
167. Lin LZ, Zhou DH, Liu K, Wang FJ, Lan SQ, Ye XW. [Analysis on the prognostic factors in patients with large hepatocarcinoma treated by shentao ruangan pill and hydroxycamptothecine]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2005; 25: 8-11 [PMID: 15719740]
168. Xu K, Li Z, Zhu D. The effect of gan fu le in interventional treatment of hepatocarcinoma. J Tradit Chin Med 2000; 20: 185-186 [PMID: 11038979]
169. Han JQ, Chen SD, Zhai LM. [Clinical study of combined Chinese herbal medicine with move stripe field radiation in treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1997; 17: 465-466 [PMID: 10322831]
170. Chen ZX, Zhang SJ, Hu HT, Sun BG, Yin LR. [Clinical study of method of strengthening body resistance and disintoxication disintoxication in patients with HCC of post-TACE]. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2007; 32: 1211-1213 [PMID: 17802890]
171. Wu D, Bao WG, Ding YH. [Clinical and experimental study of xiaoshui decoction in the treatment of primary liver cancer caused ascites]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2005; 25: 1066-1069 [PMID: 16398423]
172. Lin JJ, Jin CN, Zheng ML, Ouyang XN, Zeng JX, Dai XH. Clinical study on treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by Shenqi mixture combined with microwave coagulation. Chin J Integr Med 2005; 11: 104-110 [PMID: 16150196 DOI: 10.1007/BF02836465]
173. Xu BP, Zhang YQ, Li SP. [Effect of relieving blood stasis, strengthening spleen and soothing liver therapy in improving hepatic function in patients after liver-carcinomectomy]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2001; 21: 742-743 [PMID: 12575605]
174. Lao Y. [Clinical study on effect of matrine injection to protect the liver function for patients with primary hepatic carcinoma after trans-artery chemo-embolization (TAE)]. Zhongyaocai 2005; 28: 637-638 [PMID: 16252735]
175. Zhang B, Huang G, Zhang Y, Chen X, Hu P, Xu B. [Clinical observation on prevention of "jia wei si jun zi tang" from damage of hepatic reserving function after intervention of liver cancer]. Zhong Yao Cai 2004; 27: 387-389 [PMID: 15376398]
176. Shao ZX, Cheng ZG, Yin X. [Clinical study on treatment of middle-advanced stage liver cancer by combined treatment of hepatic artery chemoembolization with gan'ai no. I and no. II]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2001; 21: 168-170 [PMID: 12577328]
177. Liu B, Piao X, Guo L. Effect of herbal formula xiao pi-II on functional dyspepsia. J Tradit Chin Med 2013; 33: 298-302 [PMID: 24024322 DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(13)60168-5]
178. Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Wang HB, Wu B, Wang CJ, Huang SP, Shen H, Wei W, Lai YL. Efficacy of Gastrosis No.1 compound on functional dyspepsia of spleen and stomach deficiency-cold syndrome: a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19: 498-504 [PMID: 23818201 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1503-x]
179. Xiao L, Li Y. [Randomized controlled trial of modified banxia houpo decoction in treating functional dyspepsia patients with psychological factors]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2013; 33: 298-302 [PMID: 23713238]
180. Fan YH, Cai LJ, Xu GP. [Treatment of functional dyspepsia by Chinese medical syndrome typing: a randomized control research]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2012; 32: 1592-1597 [PMID: 23469593]
181. Zhang S, Zhao L, Wang H, Wang C, Huang S, Shen H, Wei W, Tao L, Zhou T. Efficacy of modified LiuJunZi decoction on functional dyspepsia of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013; 13: 54 [PMID: 23453018 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-54]
182. Wu H, Jing Z, Tang X, Wang X, Zhang S, Yu Y, Wang Z, Cao H, Huang L, Yu Y, Wang Y. To compare the efficacy of two kinds of Zhizhu pills in the treatment of functional dyspepsia of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome: a randomized group sequential comparative trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2011; 11: 81 [PMID: 21762493 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-11-81]
183. Xia LY, Ge WJ, Liu WJ. [Therapeutic effect of hewei xiaopi capsule for treatment of dyskinesis functional dyspepsia]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2008; 28: 454-456 [PMID: 18672777]
184. Tatsuta M, Iishi H. Effect of treatment with liu-jun-zi-tang (TJ-43) on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal symptoms in dyspeptic patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1993; 7: 459-462 [PMID: 8218760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00120.x]
185. Gu Z, Wang X, Wang Q. [Determination of gastric emptying time of functional dyspepsia and clinical study on therapeutic effect of Weihuigui decoction on functional dyspepsia]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 1998; 18: 724-726 [PMID: 11475718]
186. Gao LM, Yao SK, Zhang RX. [Effect of Qingre Liqi Granule on clinical therapeutic efficacy, electrogastrogram and gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2007; 27: 505-508 [PMID: 17633361]
187. Li H, Yang ZY, Li Y. The therapeutic effect of Xiaopi-I on functional dyspepsia. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19: 223-227 [PMID: 22370870 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0951-4]
188. Zhao L, Gan AP. Clinical and psychological assessment on xinwei decoction for treating functional dyspepsia accompanied with depression and anxiety. Am J Chin Med 2005; 33: 249-257 [PMID: 15974484 DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X05002801]
189. Ge Y, Cui JC, Zhou RL. [Clinical and experimental study on separately decocted and mingly decocted jianweishu granule]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2002; 22: 420-422 [PMID: 12585184]
190. el-Omar EM, Banerjee S, Wirz A, McColl KE. The Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score - a tool for the global measurement of dyspepsia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996; 8: 967-971 [PMID: 8930560 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-199610000-00006]
191. Qin F, Huang X, Ren P. Chinese herbal medicine modified xiaoyao san for functional dyspepsia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 1320-1325 [PMID: 19702899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05934.x]
192. Liu JP, Yang M, Liu Y, Wei ML, Grimsgaard S. Herbal medicines for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006; 1: CD004116
193. Bensoussan A. Establishing evidence for Chinese medicine: a case example of irritable bowel syndrome. Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi (Taipei) 2001; 64: 487-492 [PMID: 11768276]
194. Bensoussan A, Talley NJ, Hing M, Menzies R, Guo A, Ngu M. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Chinese herbal medicine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998; 280: 1585-1589 [PMID: 9820260 DOI: 10.1001/jama.280.18.1585]
195. Pan F, Zhang T, Zhang YH, Xu JJ, Chen FM. Effect of Tongxie Yaofang Granule in treating diarrhea-predominate irritable bowel syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2009; 15: 216-219 [PMID: 19568715 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-009-0216-7]
196. Leung WK, Wu JC, Liang SM, Chan LS, Chan FK, Xie H, Fung SS, Hui AJ, Wong VW, Che CT, Sung JJ. Treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with traditional Chinese herbal medicine: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1574-1580 [PMID: 16863563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00576.x]
197. Zhang SS, Wang HB, Li ZH. [A multi-center randomized controlled trial on treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by Chinese medicine syndrome-differentiation therapy]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2010; 30: 9-12 [PMID: 20353023]
198. Wu B, Zhang SS. [Effect of TCM therapy for invigorating Pi, soothing Gan, eliminating dampness and resolving blood stasis on the short-term quality of life in patients with diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2008; 28: 894-896 [PMID: 19123325]
199. Sperber AD, Gwee KA, Hungin AP, Corazziari E, Fukudo S, Gerson C, Ghoshal UC, Kang JY, Levy RL, Schmulson M, Dumitrascu D, Gerson MJ, Chen M, Myung SJ, Quigley EM, Whorwell PJ, Zarzar K, Whitehead WE. Conducting multinational, cross-cultural research in the functional gastrointestinal disorders: issues and recommendations. A Rome Foundation working team report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40: 1094-1102 [PMID: 25175998 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12942]
200. Su X, Tang Y, Zhang J, Dong Y, Wei W, Bai Y, Liu Y. Curative effect of warming kidney and fortifying spleen recipe on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J Tradit Chin Med 2013; 33: 615-619 [PMID: 24660584 DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(14)60030-3]
201. Lv YH, Wang YP. [Observe effect of treating C-IBS by Tongyouqing]. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 2008; 33: 691-693, 717 [PMID: 18590203]
202. Bian ZX, Cheng CW, Zhu LZ. Chinese herbal medicine for functional constipation: a randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 9: 44-46 [PMID: 24473591]
203. Cheng CW, Bian ZX, Zhu LX, Wu JC, Sung JJ. Efficacy of a Chinese herbal proprietary medicine (Hemp Seed Pill) for functional constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106: 120-129 [PMID: 21045817 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.305]
204. Jia G, Meng MB, Huang ZW, Qing X, Lei W, Yang XN, Liu SS, Diao JC, Hu SY, Lin BH, Zhang RM. Treatment of functional constipation with the Yun-chang capsule: a doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 487-493 [PMID: 20370727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06189x]
205. Gao WY, Lin YF, Chen SQ, Lu YP, Yang Z, Gong Y, Liu Y, Wang LX, Wang CH. [Effects of Changjishu soft elastic capsule in treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel patients with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Xuebao 2009; 7: 212-217 [PMID: 19284948 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20090303]
206. Zhang RM, Wang L, Yang XN, Xia Q, Jiang MD, Fan ZJ, Zhang FX, Zhang HR, Yu Z, Li TQ. [Dinggui Oil Capsule in treating irritable bowel syndrome with stagnation of qi and cold: a prospective, multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial]. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Xuebao 2007; 5: 392-397 [PMID: 17631801 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20070406]
207. Gao WY, Wang CH, Lin YF. [Effect of jianpi tiaogan wenshen recipe in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2010; 30: 13-17 [PMID: 20353024]
208. Shen Y, Cai G, Sun X. [Randomized controlled clinical study on effect of Chinese compound changjitai in treating diarrheic irritable bowel syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2003; 23: 823-825 [PMID: 14666762]
209. Wang G, Li TQ, Wang L, Xia Q, Chang J, Zhang Y, Wan MH, Guo J, Cheng Y, Huang X, Zhang RM. Tong-xie-ning, a Chinese herbal formula, in treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006; 119: 2114-2119 [PMID: 17199964]
210. Huang CH, Su YC, Li TC, Lee SC, Lin JS, Chiu TY, Lue HC. Treatment of constipation in long-term care with Chinese herbal formula: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17: 639-646 [PMID: 21711205 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0150]
211. Brinkhaus B. [Traditional Chinese phytotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome]. Forsch Komplementarmed 1999; 6: 157-158 [PMID: 10490340]
212. Zhang CX. [Clinical observation on treatment of functional constipation with compound plantain-senna granules]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2009; 29: 1119-1122 [PMID: 20214337]
213. Li CX. [Effect of tongbian navel paste on colonic motility in children with constipation of slow transmission type]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2009; 29: 158-160 [PMID: 19382480]
214. Wang BX, Wang MG, Jiang MZ, Xu CD, Shao CH, Jia LY, Huang ZH, Xu XH. [Forlax in the treatment of childhood constipation: a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study]. Zhongguo Dangdai Erke Zazhi 2007; 9: 429-432 [PMID: 17937851]
215. Jin ZH, Duan JH, Zhao HC. [Clinical study on colonic transmission time and the effect of sini powder on it in functional constipation patients]. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi 2006; 26: 896-898 [PMID: 17121040]
216. Yu SP, Ye H, Ha NL, Ding SQ, Chen G. Effect of modified Sinisan on anorectal manometry of the constipation predominant type of irritable bowel syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2005; 11: 27-30 [PMID: 15975303 DOI: 10.1007/BF02835744]