메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

The significance fallacy in inferential statistics Psychology

Author keywords

Effect size; NHST; Practical significance; Sample size; Statistical significance

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; SAMPLE SIZE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84925842576     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17560500     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1020-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 84891940182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new statistics: Why and how
    • Cumming G. The new statistics: why and how. Psychol Sci. 2014;25:7-29.
    • (2014) Psychol Sci , vol.25 , pp. 7-29
    • Cumming, G.1
  • 2
    • 80051815956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian versus orthodox statistics: Which side are you on?
    • Dienes Z. Bayesian versus orthodox statistics: which side are you on? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011;6:274-90.
    • (2011) Perspect Psychol Sci , vol.6 , pp. 274-290
    • Dienes, Z.1
  • 3
    • 0034203345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Null hypothesis significance testing: A review of an old and continuing controversy
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvislWltA%3D%3D 10937333
    • Nickerson RS. Null hypothesis significance testing: a review of an old and continuing controversy. Psychol Methods. 2000;5:241-301.
    • (2000) Psychol Methods , vol.5 , pp. 241-301
    • Nickerson, R.S.1
  • 4
    • 84869040930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editors' introduction to the special section on replicability in psychological science: A crisis of confidence?
    • Pashler H, Wagenmakers EJ. Editors' introduction to the special section on replicability in psychological science: a crisis of confidence? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2012;7:528-30.
    • (2012) Perspect Psychol Sci , vol.7 , pp. 528-530
    • Pashler, H.1    Wagenmakers, E.J.2
  • 5
    • 0242458903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect size use in studies of learning disabilities
    • Ives B. Effect size use in studies of learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil. 2003;36:490-504.
    • (2003) J Learn Disabil , vol.36 , pp. 490-504
    • Ives, B.1
  • 6
    • 0000626699 scopus 로고
    • Things i have learned (so far)
    • Cohen J. Things I have learned (so far). Am Psychol. 1990;45:1304-12.
    • (1990) Am Psychol , vol.45 , pp. 1304-1312
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 7
    • 0038591042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical significance and effect size in education research: Two sides of a coin
    • Fan X. Statistical significance and effect size in education research: two sides of a coin. J Educ Res. 2001;94:275-83.
    • (2001) J Educ Res , vol.94 , pp. 275-283
    • Fan, X.1
  • 8
    • 0029912508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect sizes and p values: What should be reported and what should be replicated?
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2Fgtl2gtg%3D%3D
    • Greenwald AG, Gonzalez R, Guthrie DG, Harris RJ. Effect sizes and p values: what should be reported and what should be replicated? Psychophysiol. 1996;33:175-83.
    • (1996) Psychophysiol , vol.33 , pp. 175-183
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Gonzalez, R.2    Guthrie, D.G.3    Harris, R.J.4
  • 9
    • 57649201601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are effect sizes and why do we need them?
    • Hedges LV. What are effect sizes and why do we need them? Child Dev Perspect. 2008;2:167-71.
    • (2008) Child Dev Perspect , vol.2 , pp. 167-171
    • Hedges, L.V.1
  • 10
    • 33846172300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect magnitude: A different focus
    • Kirk RE. Effect magnitude: a different focus. J Stat Plan Inference. 2007;137:1634-46.
    • (2007) J Stat Plan Inference , vol.137 , pp. 1634-1646
    • Kirk, R.E.1
  • 11
    • 0036003730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Statistical', 'practical', and 'clinical': How many kinds of significance do counselors need to consider?
    • Thompson B. 'Statistical', 'practical', and 'clinical': How many kinds of significance do counselors need to consider? J Couns Dev. 2002;80:64-71.
    • (2002) J Couns Dev , vol.80 , pp. 64-71
    • Thompson, B.1
  • 12
    • 0035531750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical significance should not be considered one of life's guarantees: Effect sizes are needed
    • Vacha-Haase T. Statistical significance should not be considered one of life's guarantees: effect sizes are needed. Educ Psychol Meas. 2001;61:219-24.
    • (2001) Educ Psychol Meas , vol.61 , pp. 219-224
    • Vacha-Haase, T.1
  • 13
    • 36049040706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' misconceptions of statistical inference: A review of the empirical evidence from research on statistics education
    • Castro Sotos AE, Vanhoof S, Van den Noortgate W, Onghena P. Students' misconceptions of statistical inference: a review of the empirical evidence from research on statistics education. Educ Res Rev. 2007;2:98-113.
    • (2007) Educ Res Rev , vol.2 , pp. 98-113
    • Castro Sotos, A.E.1    Vanhoof, S.2    Van Den Noortgate, W.3    Onghena, P.4
  • 15
    • 0035982315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems with null hypothesis significance testing (NHST): What do the textbooks say?
    • Gliner JA, Leech NL, Morgan GA. Problems with null hypothesis significance testing (NHST): what do the textbooks say? J Exp Educ. 2002;71:83-92.
    • (2002) J Exp Educ , vol.71 , pp. 83-92
    • Gliner, J.A.1    Leech, N.L.2    Morgan, G.A.3
  • 17
    • 77952317368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The null hypothesis significance test in health sciences research (1995-2006): Statistical analysis and interpretation
    • Silva-Aycaguer LC, Suarez-Gil P, Fernandez-Somoano A. The null hypothesis significance test in health sciences research (1995-2006): statistical analysis and interpretation. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10:No. 44.
    • (2010) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.10 , pp. 44
    • Silva-Aycaguer, L.C.1    Suarez-Gil, P.2    Fernandez-Somoano, A.3
  • 18
    • 78651457733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical cognition: Towards evidence based practice in statistics and statistics education
    • Beyth-Marom R, Fidler F, Cumming G. Statistical cognition: towards evidence based practice in statistics and statistics education. Stat Educ Res J. 2008;7:20-39.
    • (2008) Stat Educ Res J , vol.7 , pp. 20-39
    • Beyth-Marom, R.1    Fidler, F.2    Cumming, G.3
  • 23
    • 0033675304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Null hypothesis testing: Problems, prevalence, and alternatives
    • Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Thompson WL. Null hypothesis testing: problems, prevalence, and alternatives. J Wildl Manag. 2000;64:912-23.
    • (2000) J Wildl Manag , vol.64 , pp. 912-923
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Burnham, K.P.2    Thompson, W.L.3
  • 24
    • 0013987268 scopus 로고
    • The test of significance in psychological research
    • 1:STN:280:DyaF2s3hs1SjsA%3D%3D 5974619
    • Bakan D. The test of significance in psychological research. Psychol Bull. 1966;66:423-37.
    • (1966) Psychol Bull , vol.66 , pp. 423-437
    • Bakan, D.1
  • 25
    • 33746094466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The controversy over null hypothesis significance testing revisited. Methodology
    • Balluerka N, Gomez J, Hidalgo D. The controversy over null hypothesis significance testing revisited. Methodology. Eur J Res Meth Behav Soc Sci. 2005;1:55-70.
    • (2005) Eur J Res Meth Behav Soc Sci , vol.1 , pp. 55-70
    • Balluerka, N.1    Gomez, J.2    Hidalgo, D.3
  • 26
    • 84946647285 scopus 로고
    • Some difficulties of interpretation encountered in the application of the chi-square test
    • Berkson J. Some difficulties of interpretation encountered in the application of the chi-square test. J Am Stat Assoc. 1938;33:526-36.
    • (1938) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.33 , pp. 526-536
    • Berkson, J.1
  • 27
    • 84925916132 scopus 로고
    • The case against statistical significance testing
    • Carver RP. The case against statistical significance testing. Harv Educ Rev. 1978;48:378-99.
    • (1978) Harv Educ Rev , vol.48 , pp. 378-399
    • Carver, R.P.1
  • 28
    • 35948976109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical discussion of null hypothesis significance testing and statistical power analysis within psychological research
    • Jones A, Sommerlund N. A critical discussion of null hypothesis significance testing and statistical power analysis within psychological research. Nord Psychol. 2007;59:223-30.
    • (2007) Nord Psychol , vol.59 , pp. 223-230
    • Jones, A.1    Sommerlund, N.2
  • 29
    • 84899785809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sailing from the seas of chaos into the corridor of stability: Practical recommendations to increase the informational value of studies
    • Lakens D, Evers ERK. Sailing from the seas of chaos into the corridor of stability: practical recommendations to increase the informational value of studies. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2014;9:278-92.
    • (2014) Perspect Psychol Sci , vol.9 , pp. 278-292
    • Lakens, D.1    Evers, E.R.K.2
  • 30
    • 85050414791 scopus 로고
    • Theory-testing in psychology and physics: A methodological paradox
    • Meehl PE. Theory-testing in psychology and physics: a methodological paradox. Philos Sci. 1967;34:103-15.
    • (1967) Philos Sci , vol.34 , pp. 103-115
    • Meehl, P.E.1
  • 31
    • 0017816556 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology
    • Meehl PE. Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;46:806-34.
    • (1978) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.46 , pp. 806-834
    • Meehl, P.E.1
  • 32
    • 0033447390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If statistical significance tests are broken/misused, what practices should supplement or replace them?
    • Thompson B. If statistical significance tests are broken/misused, what practices should supplement or replace them? Theor Psychol. 1999;10:165-81.
    • (1999) Theor Psychol , vol.10 , pp. 165-181
    • Thompson, B.1
  • 34
    • 76549120731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting significance: The differences between statistical significance, effect size, and practical importance
    • Kalinowski P, Fidler F. Interpreting significance: the differences between statistical significance, effect size, and practical importance. Newborn Infant Nurs Rev. 2010;10:50-4.
    • (2010) Newborn Infant Nurs Rev , vol.10 , pp. 50-54
    • Kalinowski, P.1    Fidler, F.2
  • 35
    • 0347419768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misconceptions about sample size, statistical significance, and treatment effect
    • Wilkerson M, Olson MR. Misconceptions about sample size, statistical significance, and treatment effect. J Psychol. 1997;131:627-31.
    • (1997) J Psychol , vol.131 , pp. 627-631
    • Wilkerson, M.1    Olson, M.R.2
  • 36
    • 0000547980 scopus 로고
    • Statistical procedures and the justification of knowledge in psychological science
    • Rosnow RL, Rosenthal R. Statistical procedures and the justification of knowledge in psychological science. Am Psychol. 1989;44:1276-84.
    • (1989) Am Psychol , vol.44 , pp. 1276-1284
    • Rosnow, R.L.1    Rosenthal, R.2
  • 37
    • 0024406369 scopus 로고
    • Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing physicians' health study
    • Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group 10.1056/NEJM198907203210301
    • Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing physicians' health study. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:129-35.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 129-135
  • 38
    • 0034756836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying effects of toe clipping on anuran return rates: The importance of statistical power
    • Parris KM, McCarthy MA. Identifying effects of toe clipping on anuran return rates: the importance of statistical power. Amphibia Repilia. 2001;22:275-89.
    • (2001) Amphibia Repilia , vol.22 , pp. 275-289
    • Parris, K.M.1    McCarthy, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 80053343410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why animal research needs to improve
    • Macleod M. Why animal research needs to improve. Nature. 2011;477:511.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.477 , pp. 511
    • Macleod, M.1
  • 40
  • 41
    • 0002718625 scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of levels of significance by psychological researchers
    • Rosenthal R, Gaito J. The interpretation of levels of significance by psychological researchers. J Psychol. 1963;55:33-8.
    • (1963) J Psychol , vol.55 , pp. 33-38
    • Rosenthal, R.1    Gaito, J.2
  • 42
    • 0001618432 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence for the cliff effect in the interpretation of levels of significance
    • Rosenthal R, Gaito J. Further evidence for the cliff effect in the interpretation of levels of significance. Psychol Rep. 1964;15:570.
    • (1964) Psychol Rep , vol.15 , pp. 570
    • Rosenthal, R.1    Gaito, J.2
  • 43
    • 0000426690 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of significance levels and effect sizes by psychological researchers
    • Nelson N, Rosenthal R, Rosnow RL. Interpretation of significance levels and effect sizes by psychological researchers. Am Psychol. 1986;41:1299-301.
    • (1986) Am Psychol , vol.41 , pp. 1299-1301
    • Nelson, N.1    Rosenthal, R.2    Rosnow, R.L.3
  • 44
    • 0035751897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of significance levels by psychological researchers: The.05 cliff effect may be overstated
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD387hsFKgtg%3D%3D 11848609
    • Poitevineau J, Lecoutre B. Interpretation of significance levels by psychological researchers: the.05 cliff effect may be overstated. Psychon Bull Rev. 2001;8:847-50.
    • (2001) Psychon Bull Rev , vol.8 , pp. 847-850
    • Poitevineau, J.1    Lecoutre, B.2
  • 45
    • 84919640090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A correction on the bradley and brand method of estimating effect sizes from published literature
    • Bradley MT, Brand A. A correction on the bradley and brand method of estimating effect sizes from published literature. Theor Psychol. 2014;24:860-2.
    • (2014) Theor Psychol , vol.24 , pp. 860-862
    • Bradley, M.T.1    Brand, A.2
  • 46
    • 4243202706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing estimate distortion due to significance testing in literature on detection of deception
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2czgslarsg%3D%3D 15209297
    • Bradley MT, Stoica G. Diagnosing estimate distortion due to significance testing in literature on detection of deception. Percept Mot Skills. 2004;98:827-39.
    • (2004) Percept Mot Skills , vol.98 , pp. 827-839
    • Bradley, M.T.1    Stoica, G.2
  • 47
    • 80052861742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The (mis) reporting of statistical results in psychology journals
    • Bakker M, Wicherts JM. The (mis) reporting of statistical results in psychology journals. Behav Res. 2011;43:666-78.
    • (2011) Behav Res , vol.43 , pp. 666-678
    • Bakker, M.1    Wicherts, J.M.2
  • 50
    • 49649138413 scopus 로고
    • Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness
    • Kahneman D, Tversky A. Subjective probability: a judgment of representativeness. Cogn Psychol. 1972;3:430-54.
    • (1972) Cogn Psychol , vol.3 , pp. 430-454
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 51
    • 70350596419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermometer of social relations. Mapping social proximity on temperature
    • IJzerman H, Semin G. The thermometer of social relations. Mapping social proximity on temperature. Psychol Sci. 2009;20:1214-20.
    • (2009) Psychol Sci , vol.20 , pp. 1214-1220
    • Ijzerman, H.1    Semin, G.2
  • 52
    • 65549114618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body locomotion as regulatory process. Stepping backward enhances cognitive control
    • Koch S, Holland RW, Hengstler M, van Knippenberg A. Body locomotion as regulatory process. stepping backward enhances cognitive control. Psychol Sci. 2009;20:549-50.
    • (2009) Psychol Sci , vol.20 , pp. 549-550
    • Koch, S.1    Holland, R.W.2    Hengstler, M.3    Van Knippenberg, A.4
  • 54
    • 84901717599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication of "experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth" by Williams and Bargh (2008)
    • Lynott D, Corker KS, Wortman J, Connell L, Donnellan BM, Lucas RE, et al. Replication of "Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth" by Williams and Bargh (2008). Soc Psychol. 2014;45:216-22.
    • (2014) Soc Psychol , vol.45 , pp. 216-222
    • Lynott, D.1    Corker, K.S.2    Wortman, J.3    Connell, L.4    Donnellan, B.M.5    Lucas, R.E.6
  • 55
    • 0035640845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some practical guidelines for effective sample-size determination
    • Lenth RV. Some practical guidelines for effective sample-size determination. Am Stat. 2001;55:187-93.
    • (2001) Am Stat , vol.55 , pp. 187-193
    • Lenth, R.V.1
  • 56
    • 34548032852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical power calculations
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s7itlWmsQ%3D%3D 17060421
    • Lenth RV. Statistical power calculations. J Anim Sci. 2007;85:E24-9.
    • (2007) J Anim Sci , vol.85 , pp. 24-29
    • Lenth, R.V.1
  • 57
    • 84963435914 scopus 로고
    • Statistical power and the Rorschach: 1975-1991
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2MnoslWrtw%3D%3D 16370849
    • Acklin MW, McDowell CJ, Orndoff S. Statistical power and the Rorschach: 1975-1991. J Pers Assess. 1992;59:366-79.
    • (1992) J Pers Assess , vol.59 , pp. 366-379
    • Acklin, M.W.1    McDowell, C.J.2    Orndoff, S.3
  • 58
    • 0034955839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical power and effect sizes of clinical neuropsychology research
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzlvVCktQ%3D%3D 11419453
    • Bezeau S, Graves R. Statistical power and effect sizes of clinical neuropsychology research. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2001;23:399-406.
    • (2001) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.23 , pp. 399-406
    • Bezeau, S.1    Graves, R.2
  • 59
    • 0346618054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The account taken of statistical power in research published in the British Journal of Psychology
    • Clark-Carter D. The account taken of statistical power in research published in the British Journal of Psychology. Br J Psychol. 1997;88:71-83.
    • (1997) Br J Psychol , vol.88 , pp. 71-83
    • Clark-Carter, D.1
  • 60
    • 34248989532 scopus 로고
    • The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: A review
    • 1:STN:280:DyaF38%2FitFGksg%3D%3D 13880271
    • Cohen J. The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: a review. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 1962;65:145-53.
    • (1962) J Abnorm Soc Psychol , vol.65 , pp. 145-153
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 61
    • 0034089363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power to detect homework effects in psychotherapy outcome research
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7ns1WrtA%3D%3D 10710851
    • Kazantzis N. Power to detect homework effects in psychotherapy outcome research. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:166-70.
    • (2000) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.68 , pp. 166-170
    • Kazantzis, N.1
  • 62
    • 0025007388 scopus 로고
    • Statistical power of psychological research: What have we gained in 20 years?
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2Fnt1OktA%3D%3D 2254513
    • Rossi JS. Statistical power of psychological research: what have we gained in 20 years? J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990;58:646-56.
    • (1990) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.58 , pp. 646-656
    • Rossi, J.S.1
  • 63
    • 0000324575 scopus 로고
    • Do studies of statistical power have an effect on the power of studies?
    • Sedlmeier P, Gigerenzer G. Do studies of statistical power have an effect on the power of studies? Psychol Bull. 1989;107:309-16.
    • (1989) Psychol Bull , vol.107 , pp. 309-316
    • Sedlmeier, P.1    Gigerenzer, G.2
  • 64
    • 84873882647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive review of reporting practices in psychological journals: Are effect sizes really enough?
    • Fritz A, Scherndl T, Kühberger A. A comprehensive review of reporting practices in psychological journals: are effect sizes really enough? Theor Psychol. 2013;23:98-122.
    • (2013) Theor Psychol , vol.23 , pp. 98-122
    • Fritz, A.1    Scherndl, T.2    Kühberger, A.3
  • 65
    • 22944470064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vorgehensweise in der deutschsprachigen psychologischen Forschung. Eine Analyse empirischer Arbeiten der Jahre 2001 und 2002. [Procedures in German empirical research - An analysis of some psychological journals of the years 2001 and 2002.]
    • Hager W. Vorgehensweise in der deutschsprachigen psychologischen Forschung. Eine Analyse empirischer Arbeiten der Jahre 2001 und 2002. [Procedures in German empirical research - an analysis of some psychological journals of the years 2001 and 2002.]. Psychol Rundsch. 2005;56:191-200.
    • (2005) Psychol Rundsch , vol.56 , pp. 191-200
    • Hager, W.1
  • 66
    • 77951496841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodology in our education research culture: Toward a stronger collective quantitative proficiency
    • Henson RK, Hull DM, Williams CS. Methodology in our education research culture: toward a stronger collective quantitative proficiency. Educ Res. 2010;39:229-40.
    • (2010) Educ Res , vol.39 , pp. 229-240
    • Henson, R.K.1    Hull, D.M.2    Williams, C.S.3
  • 67
    • 62849099708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect size reporting practices in published articles
    • Alhija FN, Levy A. Effect size reporting practices in published articles. Educ Psychol Meas. 2009;69:245-65.
    • (2009) Educ Psychol Meas , vol.69 , pp. 245-265
    • Alhija, F.N.1    Levy, A.2
  • 68
    • 78649692113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive review of effect size reporting and interpreting practices in academic journals in Education and Psychology
    • Sun S, Pan W, Wang LL. A comprehensive review of effect size reporting and interpreting practices in academic journals in Education and Psychology. J Educ Psychol. 2010;102:989-1004.
    • (2010) J Educ Psychol , vol.102 , pp. 989-1004
    • Sun, S.1    Pan, W.2    Wang, L.L.3
  • 70
    • 34748918182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards on reporting on empirical social science research in AERA publications
    • American Educational Research Association
    • American Educational Research Association. Standards on reporting on empirical social science research in AERA publications. Educ Res. 2006;35:33-40.
    • (2006) Educ Res , vol.35 , pp. 33-40
  • 71
    • 33747081621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect-size measures and meta-analytic thinking in counseling psychology research
    • Henson RK. Effect-size measures and meta-analytic thinking in counseling psychology research. Couns Psychol. 2006;34:601-29.
    • (2006) Couns Psychol , vol.34 , pp. 601-629
    • Henson, R.K.1
  • 72
    • 84861748584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling
    • John LK, Loewenstein GM, Prelec D. Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling. Psychol Sci. 2012;23:524-32.
    • (2012) Psychol Sci , vol.23 , pp. 524-532
    • John, L.K.1    Loewenstein, G.M.2    Prelec, D.3
  • 73
    • 84951193475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Publication bias in psychology: A diagnosis based on the correlation between effect size and sample size
    • Kühberger A, Fritz A, Scherndl T. Publication bias in psychology: a diagnosis based on the correlation between effect size and sample size. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e105825. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105825.
    • VPLoS ONE , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. e105825
    • Kühberger, A.1    Fritz, A.2    Scherndl, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.