메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 101-116

Origin and proliferation of multiple-drug resistance in bacterial pathogens

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84925260583     PISSN: 10922172     EISSN: 10985557     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00039-14     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (185)

References (127)
  • 1
    • 84856770379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging threat of untreatable gonococcal infection
    • Bolan GA, Sparling PF, Wasserheit JN. 2012. The emerging threat of untreatable gonococcal infection. N Engl J Med 366: 485-487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1112456.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 485-487
    • Bolan, G.A.1    Sparling, P.F.2    Wasserheit, J.N.3
  • 2
    • 84870266092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population health impact and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A dynamic simulation and economic evaluation
    • Menzies NA, Cohen T, Lin HH, Murray M, Salomon JA. 2012. Population health impact and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A dynamic simulation and economic evaluation. PLoS Med 9: E1001347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001347.
    • (2012) PLoS Med , vol.9 , pp. e1001347
    • Menzies, N.A.1    Cohen, T.2    Lin, H.H.3    Murray, M.4    Salomon, J.A.5
  • 3
    • 35348997893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of a multiresistant serotype 19A pneumococcal strain not included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine as an otopathogen in children
    • Pichichero ME, Casey JR. 2007. Emergence of a multiresistant serotype 19A pneumococcal strain not included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine as an otopathogen in children. JAMA 298: 1772-1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.15.1772.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 1772-1778
    • Pichichero, M.E.1    Casey, J.R.2
  • 4
    • 79953710021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel classes of antibiotics or more of the same?
    • Coates AR, Halls G, Hu Y. 2011. Novel classes of antibiotics or more of the same? Br J Pharmacol 163: 184-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01250.x.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.163 , pp. 184-194
    • Coates, A.R.1    Halls, G.2    Hu, Y.3
  • 5
    • 84884597711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
    • (2013) Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013
  • 6
    • 0035962337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of sulphonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction
    • Enne VI, Livermore DM, Stephens P, Hall LM. 2001. Persistence of sulphonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction. Lancet 357: 1325-1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04519-0.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1325-1328
    • Enne, V.I.1    Livermore, D.M.2    Stephens, P.3    Hall, L.M.4
  • 7
    • 84864476648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors related to increasing prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and other antimicrobial drugs in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, United States
    • Goldstein E, Kirkcaldy RD, Reshef D, Berman S, Weinstock H, Sabeti P, Del Rio C, Hall G, Hook EW, Lipsitch M. 2012. Factors related to increasing prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and other antimicrobial drugs in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1290-1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1808.111202.
    • (2012) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.18 , pp. 1290-1297
    • Goldstein, E.1    Kirkcaldy, R.D.2    Reshef, D.3    Berman, S.4    Weinstock, H.5    Sabeti, P.6    Del Rio, C.7    Hall, G.8    Hook, E.W.9    Lipsitch, M.10
  • 10
    • 84903896145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between fluoroquinolone resistance and resistance to other antimicrobial agents among Escherichia coli urinary isolates in the outpatient setting: A national crosssectional study
    • Hwang TJ, Hooper DC. 2014. Association between fluoroquinolone resistance and resistance to other antimicrobial agents among Escherichia coli urinary isolates in the outpatient setting: A national crosssectional study. J Antimicrob Chemother 69: 1720-1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku029.
    • (2014) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.69 , pp. 1720-1722
    • Hwang, T.J.1    Hooper, D.C.2
  • 12
    • 84925270010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project GISP. 2011 annual report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
    • (2012) Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project GISP. 2011 Annual Report
  • 13
    • 84875985285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian estimation of mixture models with prespecified elements to compare drug resistance in treatment-naive and experienced tuberculosis cases
    • Izu A, Cohen T, Degruttola V. 2013. Bayesian estimation of mixture models with prespecified elements to compare drug resistance in treatment-naive and experienced tuberculosis cases. PLoS Computat Biol 9: E1002973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002973.
    • (2013) PLoS Computat Biol , vol.9 , pp. e1002973
    • Izu, A.1    Cohen, T.2    Degruttola, V.3
  • 16
    • 0034763241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: Characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat
    • Bradford PA. 2001. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: Characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 933-951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.14 , pp. 933-951
    • Bradford, P.A.1
  • 18
    • 33947260230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance
    • Alekshun MN, Levy SB. 2007. Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance. Cell 128: 1037-1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.004.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.128 , pp. 1037-1050
    • Alekshun, M.N.1    Levy, S.B.2
  • 19
    • 24044514016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance
    • Poole K. 2005. Efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 56: 20-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki171.
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 20-51
    • Poole, K.1
  • 20
    • 36549052154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms and their correlation with the degree of resistance to clinically used fluoroquinolones among Escherichia coli isolates
    • Chang TM, Lu PL, Li HH, Chang CY, Chen TC, Chang LL. 2007. Characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms and their correlation with the degree of resistance to clinically used fluoroquinolones among Escherichia coli isolates. J Chemother 19: 488-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.2007.19.5.488.
    • (2007) J Chemother , vol.19 , pp. 488-494
    • Chang, T.M.1    Lu, P.L.2    Li, H.H.3    Chang, C.Y.4    Chen, T.C.5    Chang, L.L.6
  • 21
    • 33747878184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of overexpression of multiple RND-family efflux pumps in Bacteroides fragilis isolates
    • Pumbwe L, Chang A, Smith RL, Wexler HM. 2006. Clinical significance of overexpression of multiple RND-family efflux pumps in Bacteroides fragilis isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 58: 543-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl278.
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , pp. 543-548
    • Pumbwe, L.1    Chang, A.2    Smith, R.L.3    Wexler, H.M.4
  • 22
    • 33644655658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between reduced daptomycin susceptibility and vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
    • Cui L, Tominaga E, Neoh HM, Hiramatsu K. 2006. Correlation between reduced daptomycin susceptibility and vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob AgentsChemother50: 1079-1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.50.3.1079-1082.2006.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Cui, L.1    Tominaga, E.2    Neoh, H.M.3    Hiramatsu, K.4
  • 23
    • 3042585064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efflux pump-mediated intrinsic drug resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis
    • Li XZ, Zhang L, Nikaido H. 2004. Efflux pump-mediated intrinsic drug resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48: 2415-2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.7.2415-2423.2004.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 2415-2423
    • Li, X.Z.1    Zhang, L.2    Nikaido, H.3
  • 24
    • 0033944301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of naturally occurring extended-spectrum TEM beta-lactamase variants by fluctuating beta-lactam pressure
    • Blazquez J, Morosini MI, Negri MC, Baquero F. 2000. Selection of naturally occurring extended-spectrum TEM beta-lactamase variants by fluctuating beta-lactam pressure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 2182-2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.8.2182-2184.2000.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2182-2184
    • Blazquez, J.1    Morosini, M.I.2    Negri, M.C.3    Baquero, F.4
  • 25
    • 0025864903 scopus 로고
    • Efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Bacillus subtilis: Similarities and dissimilarities with the mammalian system
    • Neyfakh AA, Bidnenko VE, Chen LB. 1991. Efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Bacillus subtilis: Similarities and dissimilarities with the mammalian system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4781-4785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.11.4781.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.88 , pp. 4781-4785
    • Neyfakh, A.A.1    Bidnenko, V.E.2    Chen, L.B.3
  • 26
    • 64649103209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of drug efflux and strategies to combat them: Challenging the efflux pump of Gram-negative bacteria
    • Pages JM, Amaral L. 2009. Mechanisms of drug efflux and strategies to combat them: Challenging the efflux pump of Gram-negative bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta 1794: 826-833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.12.011.
    • (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1794 , pp. 826-833
    • Pages, J.M.1    Amaral, L.2
  • 27
    • 84883514966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of tuberculosis treatment by adjunctive therapy with verapamil as an efflux inhibitor
    • Gupta S, Tyagi S, Almeida DV, Maiga MC, Ammerman NC, Bishai WR. 2013. Acceleration of tuberculosis treatment by adjunctive therapy with verapamil as an efflux inhibitor. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188: 600-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201304-0650OC.
    • (2013) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.188 , pp. 600-607
    • Gupta, S.1    Tyagi, S.2    Almeida, D.V.3    Maiga, M.C.4    Ammerman, N.C.5    Bishai, W.R.6
  • 28
    • 84918571739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efflux pump-mediated resistance in chemotherapy
    • Ughachukwu P, Unekwe P. 2012. Efflux pump-mediated resistance in chemotherapy. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2: 191-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.105671.
    • (2012) Ann Med Health Sci Res , vol.2 , pp. 191-198
    • Ughachukwu, P.1    Unekwe, P.2
  • 29
    • 84865998603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrons and gene cassettes: Hotspots of diversity in bacterial genomes
    • Hall RM. 2012. Integrons and gene cassettes: Hotspots of diversity in bacterial genomes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1267: 71-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06588.x.
    • (2012) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1267 , pp. 71-78
    • Hall, R.M.1
  • 30
    • 66249099218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modular master on the move: The Tn916 family of mobile genetic elements
    • Roberts AP, Mullany P. 2009. A modular master on the move: The Tn916 family of mobile genetic elements. Trends Microbiol 17: 251-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2009.03.002.
    • (2009) Trends Microbiol , vol.17 , pp. 251-258
    • Roberts, A.P.1    Mullany, P.2
  • 31
    • 0022898196 scopus 로고
    • Transposable multiple antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Courvalin P, Carlier C. 1986. Transposable multiple antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Gen Genet 205: 291-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430441.
    • (1986) Mol Gen Genet , vol.205 , pp. 291-297
    • Courvalin, P.1    Carlier, C.2
  • 32
    • 84860516573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: Here is the storm!
    • Nordmann P, Dortet L, Poirel L. 2012. Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: Here is the storm! Trends Mol Med 18: 263-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2012.03.003.
    • (2012) Trends Mol Med , vol.18 , pp. 263-272
    • Nordmann, P.1    Dortet, L.2    Poirel, L.3
  • 33
    • 84863822942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of plasmids in multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated during prospective surveillance of a newly opened hospital in Iraq
    • Huang XZ, Frye JG, Chahine MA, Glenn LM, Ake JA, Su W, Nikolich MP, Lesho EP. 2012. Characteristics of plasmids in multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated during prospective surveillance of a newly opened hospital in Iraq. PLoS One 7: E40360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040360.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e40360
    • Huang, X.Z.1    Frye, J.G.2    Chahine, M.A.3    Glenn, L.M.4    Ake, J.A.5    Su, W.6    Nikolich, M.P.7    Lesho, E.P.8
  • 34
    • 4444220133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological theory suggests that antimicrobial cycling will not reduce antimicrobial resistance in hospi-Tals
    • Bergstrom CT, Lo M, Lipsitch M. 2004. Ecological theory suggests that antimicrobial cycling will not reduce antimicrobial resistance in hospi-Tals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 13285-13290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0402298101.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 13285-13290
    • Bergstrom, C.T.1    Lo, M.2    Lipsitch, M.3
  • 35
    • 0038468770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine cycling of antimicrobial agents as an infection-control measure
    • Fridkin SK. 2003. Routine cycling of antimicrobial agents as an infection-control measure. Clin Infect Dis 36: 1438-1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/375082.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 1438-1444
    • Fridkin, S.K.1
  • 36
    • 84903453394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycling empirical antibiotic therapy in hospitals: Meta-Analysis and models
    • Abel Zur Wiesch P, Kouyos R, Abel S, Viechtbauer W, Bonhoeffer S. 2014. Cycling empirical antibiotic therapy in hospitals: Meta-Analysis and models. PLoS Pathog 10: E1004225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004225.
    • (2014) PLoS Pathog , vol.10 , pp. e1004225
    • Abel Zur Wiesch, P.1    Kouyos, R.2    Abel, S.3    Viechtbauer, W.4    Bonhoeffer, S.5
  • 37
    • 0029860724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High mutation frequencies among Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens
    • LeClerc JE, Li B, Payne WL, Cebula TA. 1996. High mutation frequencies among Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens. Science 274: 1208-1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5290.1208.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1208-1211
    • LeClerc, J.E.1    Li, B.2    Payne, W.L.3    Cebula, T.A.4
  • 39
    • 84879682699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutation rate estimates from different lineages predict substantial differences in the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis
    • Ford CB, Shah RR, Maeda MK, Gagneux S, Murray MB, Cohen T, Johnston JC, Gardy J, Lipsitch M, Fortune SM. 2013. Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutation rate estimates from different lineages predict substantial differences in the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Nat Genet 45: 784-790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2656.
    • (2013) Nat Genet , vol.45 , pp. 784-790
    • Ford, C.B.1    Shah, R.R.2    Maeda, M.K.3    Gagneux, S.4    Murray, M.B.5    Cohen, T.6    Johnston, J.C.7    Gardy, J.8    Lipsitch, M.9    Fortune, S.M.10
  • 40
    • 79953316022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous emergence of multiple drug resistance in tuberculosis before and during therapy
    • Colijn C, Cohen T, Ganesh A, Murray M. 2011. Spontaneous emergence of multiple drug resistance in tuberculosis before and during therapy. PLoS One 6: E18327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018327.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. e18327
    • Colijn, C.1    Cohen, T.2    Ganesh, A.3    Murray, M.4
  • 41
    • 67149119196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperrecombination, diversity, and antibiotic resistance in pneumococcus
    • Hanage WP, Fraser C, Tang J, Connor TR, Corander J. 2009. Hyperrecombination, diversity, and antibiotic resistance in pneumococcus. Science 324: 1454-1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1171908.
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 1454-1457
    • Hanage, W.P.1    Fraser, C.2    Tang, J.3    Connor, T.R.4    Corander, J.5
  • 45
    • 75949092532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublethal antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via radical-induced mutagenesis
    • Kohanski MA, DePristo MA, Collins JJ. 2010. Sublethal antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via radical-induced mutagenesis. Molecular cell 37: 311-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.01.003.
    • (2010) Molecular cell , vol.37 , pp. 311-320
    • Kohanski, M.A.1    DePristo, M.A.2    Collins, J.J.3
  • 46
    • 0015787984 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of mutation rates
    • Leigh EG, Jr. 1973. The evolution of mutation rates. Genetics 73(Suppl): 1-18.
    • (1973) Genetics , vol.73 , pp. 1-18
    • Leigh, E.G.1
  • 47
    • 33744457985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hitchhiking and deleterious mutation upon asexual mutation rates
    • Palmer ME, Lipsitch M. 2006. The influence of hitchhiking and deleterious mutation upon asexual mutation rates. Genetics 173: 461-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.049445.
    • (2006) Genetics , vol.173 , pp. 461-472
    • Palmer, M.E.1    Lipsitch, M.2
  • 48
    • 0035118974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-order selection in bacterial evolution: Selection acting on mutation and recombination rates in the course of adaptation
    • Tenaillon O, Taddei F, Radmian M, Matic I. 2001. Second-order selection in bacterial evolution: Selection acting on mutation and recombination rates in the course of adaptation. Res Microbiol 152: 11-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0923-2508(00)01163-3.
    • (2001) Res Microbiol , vol.152 , pp. 11-16
    • Tenaillon, O.1    Taddei, F.2    Radmian, M.3    Matic, I.4
  • 49
    • 0031023159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proliferation of mutators in A cell population
    • Mao EF, Lane L, Lee J, Miller JH. 1997. Proliferation of mutators in A cell population. J Bacteriol 179: 417-422.
    • (1997) J Bacteriol , vol.179 , pp. 417-422
    • Mao, E.F.1    Lane, L.2    Lee, J.3    Miller, J.H.4
  • 51
    • 34249027580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of bacterial microevolution using multilocus sequence data
    • Didelot X, Falush D. 2007. Inference of bacterial microevolution using multilocus sequence data. Genetics 175: 1251-1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.063305.
    • (2007) Genetics , vol.175 , pp. 1251-1266
    • Didelot, X.1    Falush, D.2
  • 52
    • 0014421064 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary rate at the molecular level
    • Kimura M. 1968. Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Nature 217: 624-626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/217624a0.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.217 , pp. 624-626
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 53
    • 34547803197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAML4: Phylogenetic analysis bymaximumlikelihood
    • YangZ. 2007.PAML4: Phylogenetic analysis bymaximumlikelihood.MolBiol Evol 24: 1586-1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm088.
    • (2007) MolBiol Evol , vol.24 , pp. 1586-1591
    • Yang, Z.1
  • 56
    • 0034791722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of mutator bacteria
    • Giraud A, Radman M, Matic I, Taddei F. 2001. The rise and fall of mutator bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 4: 582-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00254-X.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.4 , pp. 582-585
    • Giraud, A.1    Radman, M.2    Matic, I.3    Taddei, F.4
  • 57
    • 0000601329 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapeutics: Scientific principles, methods and results
    • Ehrlich P. 1913. Chemotherapeutics: Scientific principles, methods and results. Lancet ii: 445-451.
    • (1913) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 445-451
    • Ehrlich, P.1
  • 58
    • 0026718202 scopus 로고
    • The Garrod Lecture. Understanding the chemotherapy of tuberculosis-current problems
    • Mitchison DA. 1992. The Garrod Lecture. Understanding the chemotherapy of tuberculosis-current problems. J Antimicrob Chemother 29: 477-493.
    • (1992) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.29 , pp. 477-493
    • Mitchison, D.A.1
  • 63
    • 79958784137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis and mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Classical and new drugs
    • Almeida Da Silva PE, Palomino JC. 2011. Molecular basis and mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Classical and new drugs. J Antimicrob Chemother 66: 1417-1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr173.
    • (2011) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.66 , pp. 1417-1430
    • Almeida Da Silva, P.E.1    Palomino, J.C.2
  • 64
    • 0023191650 scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance in tuberculosis control
    • Shimao T. 1987. Drug resistance in tuberculosis control. Tubercle 68: 5-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-3879(87)80014-4.
    • (1987) Tubercle , vol.68 , pp. 5-18
    • Shimao, T.1
  • 65
    • 0031914741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of tuberculosis treatment: Mathematical models of the roles of non-compliance and bacterial heterogeneity in the evolution of drug resistance
    • Lipsitch M, Levin BR. 1998. Population dynamics of tuberculosis treatment: Mathematical models of the roles of non-compliance and bacterial heterogeneity in the evolution of drug resistance. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2: 187-199.
    • (1998) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.2 , pp. 187-199
    • Lipsitch, M.1    Levin, B.R.2
  • 66
    • 0028274105 scopus 로고
    • The effect of directly observed therapy on the rates of drug resistance and relapse in tuberculosis
    • Weis SE, Slocum PC, Blais FX, King B, Nunn M, Matney GB, Gomez E, Foresman BH. 1994. The effect of directly observed therapy on the rates of drug resistance and relapse in tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 330: 1179-1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199404283301702.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 1179-1184
    • Weis, S.E.1    Slocum, P.C.2    Blais, F.X.3    King, B.4    Nunn, M.5    Matney, G.B.6    Gomez, E.7    Foresman, B.H.8
  • 68
    • 47549102958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial drug resistance and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: Systematic review and meta-Analysis
    • Lew W, Pai M, Oxlade O, Martin D, Menzies D. 2008. Initial drug resistance and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: Systematic review and meta-Analysis. Ann Intern Med 149: 123-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-00008.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 123-134
    • Lew, W.1    Pai, M.2    Oxlade, O.3    Martin, D.4    Menzies, D.5
  • 70
    • 33748711215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of high-risk enterococcal clonal complexes: Global dispersion and antibiotic resistance
    • Leavis HL, Bonten MJ, Willems RJ. 2006. Identification of high-risk enterococcal clonal complexes: Global dispersion and antibiotic resistance. Curr Opin Microbiol 9: 454-460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.07.001.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 454-460
    • Leavis, H.L.1    Bonten, M.J.2    Willems, R.J.3
  • 71
    • 27744544283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance among Escherichia coli to sulphonamides and other antimicrobials now little used in man
    • Bean DC, Livermore DM, Papa I, Hall LM. 2005. Resistance among Escherichia coli to sulphonamides and other antimicrobials now little used in man. J Antimicrob Chemother 56: 962-964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki332.
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.56 , pp. 962-964
    • Bean, D.C.1    Livermore, D.M.2    Papa, I.3    Hall, L.M.4
  • 73
    • 0029759520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do antimicrobials increase the carriage rate of penicillin resistant pneumococci in children? Cross sectional prevalence study
    • Arason VA, Kristinsson KG, Sigurdsson JA, Stefansdottir G, Molstad S, Gudmundsson S. 1996. Do antimicrobials increase the carriage rate of penicillin resistant pneumococci in children? Cross sectional prevalence study. BMJ 313: 387-391.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 387-391
    • Arason, V.A.1    Kristinsson, K.G.2    Sigurdsson, J.A.3    Stefansdottir, G.4    Molstad, S.5    Gudmundsson, S.6
  • 74
    • 0032784670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: Selection by both beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics
    • Goldstein FW. 1999. Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: Selection by both beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 44: 141-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/44.2.141.
    • (1999) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 141-144
    • Goldstein, F.W.1
  • 76
    • 84891859404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the USA: The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project GISP), January 2006-June 2012
    • Kirkcaldy RD, Kidd S, Weinstock HS, Papp JR, Bolan GA. 2013. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the USA: The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project GISP), January 2006-June 2012. Sex Transm Infect 89(Suppl 4): Iv5-iv10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051162.
    • (2013) Sex Transm Infect , vol.89 , pp. iv5-iv10
    • Kirkcaldy, R.D.1    Kidd, S.2    Weinstock, H.S.3    Papp, J.R.4    Bolan, G.A.5
  • 80
    • 0020605010 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study to compare the selection of antibiotic resistance by amoxycillin or cephradine in the commensal flora
    • Lacey RW, Lord VL, Howson GL, Luxton DE, Trotter IS. 1983. Double-blind study to compare the selection of antibiotic resistance by amoxycillin or cephradine in the commensal flora. Lancet ii: 529-532.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 529-532
    • Lacey, R.W.1    Lord, V.L.2    Howson, G.L.3    Luxton, D.E.4    Trotter, I.S.5
  • 81
    • 84898663441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gut is the epicentre of antibiotic resistance
    • Carlet J. 2012. The gut is the epicentre of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 1: 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-1-39.
    • (2012) Antimicrob Resist Infect Control , vol.1 , pp. 39
    • Carlet, J.1
  • 82
    • 0027474740 scopus 로고
    • Mercury released from dental "silver" fillings provokes an increase in mercury-And antibiotic-resistant bacteria in oral and intestinal floras of primates
    • Summers AO, Wireman J, Vimy MJ, Lorscheider FL, Marshall B, Levy SB, Bennett S, Billard L. 1993. Mercury released from dental "silver" fillings provokes an increase in mercury-And antibiotic-resistant bacteria in oral and intestinal floras of primates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37: 825-834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.37.4.825.
    • (1993) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.37 , pp. 825-834
    • Summers, A.O.1    Wireman, J.2    Vimy, M.J.3    Lorscheider, F.L.4    Marshall, B.5    Levy, S.B.6    Bennett, S.7    Billard, L.8
  • 83
    • 84896442393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-Transfer of resistance to high concentrations of copper and first-line antibiotics among Enterococcus from different origins humans, animals, the environment and foods. and clonal lineages
    • Silveira E, Freitas AR, Antunes P, Barros M, Campos J, Coque TM, Peixe L, Novais C. 2014. Co-Transfer of resistance to high concentrations of copper and first-line antibiotics among Enterococcus from different origins humans, animals, the environment and foods. and clonal lineages. J Antimicrob Chemother 69: 899-906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkt479.
    • (2014) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.69 , pp. 899-906
    • Silveira, E.1    Freitas, A.R.2    Antunes, P.3    Barros, M.4    Campos, J.5    Coque, T.M.6    Peixe, L.7    Novais, C.8
  • 84
    • 84891847324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and future treatment options for gonorrhoea
    • Ison CA, Deal C, Unemo M. 2013. Current and future treatment options for gonorrhoea. Sex Transm Infect 89(Suppl 4): Iv52-iv56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2012-050913.
    • (2013) Sex Transm Infect , vol.89 , pp. iv52-iv56
    • Ison, C.A.1    Deal, C.2    Unemo, M.3
  • 85
    • 79952103166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolones are associated with delayed treatment and resistance in tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-Analysis
    • Chen TC, Lu PL, Lin CY, Lin WR, Chen YH. 2011. Fluoroquinolones are associated with delayed treatment and resistance in tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Int J Infect Dis 15: E211-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.11.008.
    • (2011) Int J Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. e211-216
    • Chen, T.C.1    Lu, P.L.2    Lin, C.Y.3    Lin, W.R.4    Chen, Y.H.5
  • 86
    • 13844254907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: A cross-national database study
    • Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M, ESAC Project Group. 2005. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: A cross-national database study. Lancet 365: 579-587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70799-6.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 579-587
    • Goossens, H.1    Ferech, M.2    Vander Stichele, R.3    Elseviers, M.4
  • 87
    • 80052514833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient antibiotic prescribing and nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States 1996-2003
    • Active Bacterial Core Surveillance T
    • Hicks LA, Chien YW, Taylor TH, Jr, Haber M, Klugman KP, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance T. 2011. Outpatient antibiotic prescribing and nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1996-2003. Clin Infect Dis 53: 631-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir443.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.53 , pp. 631-639
    • Hicks, L.A.1    Chien, Y.W.2    Taylor, T.H.3    Haber, M.4    Klugman, K.P.5
  • 88
    • 20944431706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical and ecological analysis of resistance, coresistance, and coupled resistance to antimicrobials in respiratory pathogenic bacteria in Spain
    • Perez-Trallero E, Garcia-de-la-Fuente C, Garcia-Rey C, Baquero F, Aguilar L, Dal-Re R, Garcia-de-Lomas J. 2005. Geographical and ecological analysis of resistance, coresistance, and coupled resistance to antimicrobials in respiratory pathogenic bacteria in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 1965-1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.49.5.1965-1972.2005.
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 1965-1972
    • Perez-Trallero, E.1    Garcia-De-La-Fuente, C.2    Garcia-Rey, C.3    Baquero, F.4    Aguilar, L.5    Dal-Re, R.6    Garcia-de-Lomas, J.7
  • 89
    • 79951831698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
    • Infectious Diseases Society of America, European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
    • Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, Moran GJ, Nicolle LE, Raz R, Schaeffer AJ, Soper DE, Infectious Diseases Society of America, European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2011. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 52: E103-e120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciq257.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. e103-e120
    • Gupta, K.1    Hooton, T.M.2    Naber, K.G.3    Wullt, B.4    Colgan, R.5    Miller, L.G.6    Moran, G.J.7    Nicolle, L.E.8    Raz, R.9    Schaeffer, A.J.10    Soper, D.E.11
  • 90
    • 80053108033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At least it won't hurt: The personal risks of antibiotic exposure
    • Stewardson AJ, Huttner B, Harbarth S. 2011. At least it won't hurt: The personal risks of antibiotic exposure. Curr Opin Pharmacol 11: 446-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2011.06.011.
    • (2011) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 446-452
    • Stewardson, A.J.1    Huttner, B.2    Harbarth, S.3
  • 91
    • 77949569493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance and its cost: Is it possible to reverse resistance?
    • Andersson DI, Hughes D. 2010. Antibiotic resistance and its cost: Is it possible to reverse resistance? Nat Rev Microbiol 8: 260-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2319.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.8 , pp. 260-271
    • Andersson, D.I.1    Hughes, D.2
  • 92
    • 84889598510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic incompatibilities are widespread within species
    • Corbett-Detig RB, Zhou J, Clark AG, Hartl DL, Ayroles JF. 2013. Genetic incompatibilities are widespread within species. Nature 504: 135-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12678.
    • (2013) Nature , vol.504 , pp. 135-137
    • Corbett-Detig, R.B.1    Zhou, J.2    Clark, A.G.3    Hartl, D.L.4    Ayroles, J.F.5
  • 94
    • 1842483226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pervasive joint influence of epistasis and plasticity on mutational effects in Escherichia coli
    • Remold SK, Lenski RE. 2004. Pervasive joint influence of epistasis and plasticity on mutational effects in Escherichia coli. Nat Genet 36: 423-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1324.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 423-426
    • Remold, S.K.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 95
    • 79952270576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of epistasis in the evolution of influenzaAsurface proteins
    • Kryazhimskiy S, Dushoff J, Bazykin GA, Plotkin JB. 2011. Prevalence of epistasis in the evolution of influenzaAsurface proteins. PLoS genetics 7: E1001301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001301.
    • (2011) PLoS genetics , vol.7 , pp. e1001301
    • Kryazhimskiy, S.1    Dushoff, J.2    Bazykin, G.A.3    Plotkin, J.B.4
  • 96
    • 7444221704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of epistasis to the architecture of fitness in an RNA virus
    • Sanjuan R, Moya A, Elena SF. 2004. The contribution of epistasis to the architecture of fitness in an RNA virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 15376-15379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0404125101.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 15376-15379
    • Sanjuan, R.1    Moya, A.2    Elena, S.F.3
  • 97
    • 33645396484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional classification of drugs by properties of their pairwise interactions
    • Yeh P, Tschumi AI, Kishony R. 2006. Functional classification of drugs by properties of their pairwise interactions. Nat Genet 38: 489-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1755.
    • (2006) Nat Genet , vol.38 , pp. 489-494
    • Yeh, P.1    Tschumi, A.I.2    Kishony, R.3
  • 98
    • 68249108837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive epistasis drives the acquisition of multidrug resistance
    • Trindade S, Sousa A, Xavier KB, Dionisio F, Ferreira MG, Gordo I. 2009. Positive epistasis drives the acquisition of multidrug resistance. PLoS Genet 5: E1000578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000578.
    • (2009) PLoS Genet , vol.5 , pp. e1000578
    • Trindade, S.1    Sousa, A.2    Xavier, K.B.3    Dionisio, F.4    Ferreira, M.G.5    Gordo, I.6
  • 99
    • 65249103440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of multiple drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Ward H, Perron GG, Maclean RC. 2009. The cost of multiple drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Evol Biol 22: 997-1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01712.x.
    • (2009) J Evol Biol , vol.22 , pp. 997-1003
    • Ward, H.1    Perron, G.G.2    Maclean, R.C.3
  • 101
    • 84861553437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of fluoroquinolone resistance mutations on gonococcal fitness and in vivo selection for compensatory mutations
    • Kunz AN, Begum AA, Wu H, D'Ambrozio JA, Robinson JM, Shafer WM, Bash MC, Jerse AE. 2012. Impact of fluoroquinolone resistance mutations on gonococcal fitness and in vivo selection for compensatory mutations. J Infect Dis 205: 1821-1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis277.
    • (2012) J Infect Dis , vol.205 , pp. 1821-1829
    • Kunz, A.N.1    Begum, A.A.2    Wu, H.3    D'Ambrozio, J.A.4    Robinson, J.M.5    Shafer, W.M.6    Bash, M.C.7    Jerse, A.E.8
  • 102
    • 84883240912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic model for the detection of epistatic interactions
    • Nasrallah CA, Huelsenbeck JP. 2013. A phylogenetic model for the detection of epistatic interactions. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2197-2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst108.
    • (2013) Mol Biol Evol , vol.30 , pp. 2197-2208
    • Nasrallah, C.A.1    Huelsenbeck, J.P.2
  • 103
    • 0025928563 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying fitness and gene stability in microorganisms
    • Lenski RE. 1991. Quantifying fitness and gene stability in microorganisms. Biotechnology 15: 173-192.
    • (1991) Biotechnology , vol.15 , pp. 173-192
    • Lenski, R.E.1
  • 104
    • 68949092632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prescription rates for acute respiratory tract infections in US ambulatory settings
    • Grijalva CG, Nuorti JP, Griffin MR. 2009. Antibiotic prescription rates for acute respiratory tract infections in US ambulatory settings. JAMA 302: 758-766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1163.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , pp. 758-766
    • Grijalva, C.G.1    Nuorti, J.P.2    Griffin, M.R.3
  • 105
    • 84857041304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodic presumptive treatment of curable sexually transmitted infections among sex workers: A systematic review
    • Steen R, Chersich M, Gerbase A, Neilsen G, Wendland A, Ndowa F, Akl EA, Lo YR, de Vlas SJ. 2012. Periodic presumptive treatment of curable sexually transmitted infections among sex workers: A systematic review. AIDS 26: 437-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834ed991.
    • (2012) AIDS , vol.26 , pp. 437-445
    • Steen, R.1    Chersich, M.2    Gerbase, A.3    Neilsen, G.4    Wendland, A.5    Ndowa, F.6    Akl, E.A.7    Lo, Y.R.8    De Vlas, S.J.9
  • 107
    • 84982339813 scopus 로고
    • Zusammensetzung von populationen und korrelationserscheinungen vom standpunkt der vererbungslehre aus betrachtet
    • Wahlund S. 1928. Zusammensetzung von Populationen und Korrelationserscheinungen vom Standpunkt der Vererbungslehre aus betrachtet. Hereditas 11: 65-106.
    • (1928) Hereditas , vol.11 , pp. 65-106
    • Wahlund, S.1
  • 108
    • 84864244742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rising problem of antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit
    • Brusselaers N, Vogelaers D, Blot S. 2011. The rising problem of antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit. Ann Intens Care 1: 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2110-5820-1-47.
    • (2011) Ann Intens Care , vol.1 , pp. 47
    • Brusselaers, N.1    Vogelaers, D.2    Blot, S.3
  • 110
    • 24944542396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease-United States, 1998-2003
    • Centers for Disease Control Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control Prevention. 2005. Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease-United States, 1998-2003.MMWRMorb Mortal Wkly Rep 54: 893-897.
    • (2005) MMWRMorb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.54 , pp. 893-897
  • 111
    • 73549105698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holiday spikes in pneumococcal disease among older adults
    • Active Bacterial Core Surveillance System Team
    • Walter ND, Taylor TH, Jr, Dowell SF, Mathis S, Moore MR, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance System Team. 2009. Holiday spikes in pneumococcal disease among older adults. N Engl J Med 361: 2584-2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc0904844.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 2584-2585
    • Walter, N.D.1    Taylor, T.H.2    Dowell, S.F.3    Mathis, S.4    Moore, M.R.5
  • 112
    • 0021566877 scopus 로고
    • Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure
    • Weir BS, Cockerham CC. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38: 1358-1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408641.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Weir, B.S.1    Cockerham, C.C.2
  • 113
    • 84890417804 scopus 로고
    • The genetical structure of populations
    • Wright S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations. Ann Eugenics 15: 323-354.
    • (1951) Ann Eugenics , vol.15 , pp. 323-354
    • Wright, S.1
  • 114
    • 33846006923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure and eigenanalysis
    • Patterson N, Price AL, Reich D. 2006. Population structure and eigenanalysis. PLoS Genet 2: E190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020190.
    • (2006) PLoS Genet , vol.2 , pp. e190
    • Patterson, N.1    Price, A.L.2    Reich, D.3
  • 115
    • 0034118493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
    • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945-959.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 945-959
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Stephens, M.2    Donnelly, P.3
  • 116
    • 61449249262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Tapsall J. 2009. Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Can Med Assoc J 180: 268-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.081721.
    • (2009) Can Med Assoc J , vol.180 , pp. 268-269
    • Tapsall, J.1
  • 117
    • 0038124411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum-likelihood estimation of admixture proportions from genetic data
    • Wang J. 2003. Maximum-likelihood estimation of admixture proportions from genetic data. Genetics 164: 747-765.
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.164 , pp. 747-765
    • Wang, J.1
  • 118
    • 33747078134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian identification of admixture events using multilocus molecular markers
    • Corander J, Marttinen P. 2006. Bayesian identification of admixture events using multilocus molecular markers. Mol Ecol 15: 2833-2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02994.x.
    • (2006) Mol Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 2833-2843
    • Corander, J.1    Marttinen, P.2
  • 121
    • 84882581160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the USA: A cross-sectional study
    • Moonan PK, Teeter LD, Salcedo K, Ghosh S, Ahuja SD, Flood J, Graviss EA. 2013. Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the USA: A cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis 13: 777-784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70128-2.
    • (2013) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.13 , pp. 777-784
    • Moonan, P.K.1    Teeter, L.D.2    Salcedo, K.3    Ghosh, S.4    Ahuja, S.D.5    Flood, J.6    Graviss, E.A.7
  • 123
    • 20844432547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection treatment failures associated with fluoroquinolone resistance
    • Fuller JD, Low DE. 2005. A review of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection treatment failures associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Clin Infect Dis 41: 118-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/430829.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 118-121
    • Fuller, J.D.1    Low, D.E.2
  • 124
    • 4344713145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: Evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine
    • Pletz MW, McGee L, Jorgensen J, Beall B, Facklam RR, Whitney CG, Klugman KP. 2004. Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: Evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48: 3491-3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.9.3491-3497.2004.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 3491-3497
    • Pletz, M.W.1    McGee, L.2    Jorgensen, J.3    Beall, B.4    Facklam, R.R.5    Whitney, C.G.6    Klugman, K.P.7
  • 125
    • 84899553363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-Analysis of large phylogenies
    • Stamatakis A. 2014. RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-Analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312-1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033.
    • (2014) Bioinformatics , vol.30 , pp. 1312-1313
    • Stamatakis, A.1
  • 126
    • 84924614457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic data and pathogen genome sequences: A powerful synergy for public health
    • Grad YH, Lipsitch M. 2014. Epidemiologic data and pathogen genome sequences: A powerful synergy for public health. Genome Biol 15: 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0538-4.
    • (2014) Genome Biol , vol.15 , pp. 538
    • Grad, Y.H.1    Lipsitch, M.2
  • 127
    • 84880509237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the treatment of Clostridium difficile with fidaxomicin: A narrow spectrum antibiotic
    • Sears P, Ichikawa Y, Ruiz N, Gorbach S. 2013. Advances in the treatment of Clostridium difficile with fidaxomicin: A narrow spectrum antibiotic. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1291: 33-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12135.
    • (2013) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1291 , pp. 33-41
    • Sears, P.1    Ichikawa, Y.2    Ruiz, N.3    Gorbach, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.