Comparative analysis of surface-exposed virulence factors of Acinetobacter baumannii

BMC Genomics

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Eijkelkamp, Bart A ^a,b   Stroeher, Uwe H ^a   Hassan, Karl A ^c   Paulsen, Ian T ^c   Brown, Melissa H ^a  

^a FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^c MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Genomics; Membrane; Type VI secretion systems; Virulome

Indexed keywords

ALANINE; ARGININE; LIPID A; PROLINE; BACTERIAL SECRETION SYSTEM; FIMBRIA PROTEIN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CAPSULE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GENOME; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BACTERIUM PILUS; BIOSYNTHESIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FIMBRIA; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOMICS; NONHUMAN; PAAR REPEAT DOMAIN; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; TYPE V SECRETION SYSTEM; TYPE VI SECRETION SYSTEM; BACTERIAL SECRETION SYSTEM; ESSENTIAL GENE; GENE LOCUS; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PATHOGENICITY; PHYLOGENY; VIRULENCE;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; BACTERIAL CAPSULES; BACTERIAL SECRETION SYSTEMS; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; GENES, BACTERIAL; GENES, ESSENTIAL; GENETIC LOCI; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOME, BACTERIAL; GENOMICS; HUMANS; LIPID A; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PHYLOGENY; VIRULENCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 84924289122     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712164     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1020     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Falagas ME, Karveli EA, Siempos II, Vardakas KZ: Acinetobacter infections: a growing threat for critically ill patients. Epidemiol Infect 2008,136(8):1009-1019.
2. McQueary CN, Actis LA: Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms: variations among strains and correlations with other cell properties. J Microbiol 2011,49(2):243-250. 10.1007/s12275-011-0343-7
3. Eijkelkamp BA, Stroeher UH, Hassan KA, Papadimitrious MS, Paulsen IT, Brown MH: Adherence and motility characteristics of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011, 323:44-51. 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02362.x
4. de Breij A, Dijkshoorn L, Lagendijk E, van der Meer J, Koster A, Bloemberg G, Wolterbeek R, van den Broek P, Nibbering P: Do biofilm formation and interactions with human cells explain the clinical success of Acinetobacter baumannii ? PLoS One 2010,5(5):e10732. 10.1371/journal.pone.0010732
5. Lee JC, Koerten H, van den Broek P, Beekhuizen H, Wolterbeek R, van den Barselaar M, van der Reijden T, van der Meer J, van de Gevel J, Dijkshoorn L: Adherence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains to human bronchial epithelial cells. Res Microb 2006,157(4):360-366. 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.09.011
6. Skiebe E, de Berardinis V, Morczinek P, Kerrinnes T, Faber F, Lepka D, Hammer B, Zimmermann O, Ziesing S, Wichelhaus TA, Hunfeld KP, Borgmann S, Gröbner S, Higgins PG, Seifert H, Busse HJ, Witte W, Pfeifer Y, Wilharm G: Surface-associated motility, a common trait of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, depends on 1,3-diaminopropane. Int J Med Microbiol 2012,302(3):117-128. 10.1016/j.ijmm.2012.03.003
7. Munoz-Price LS, Fajardo-Aquino Y, Arheart KL, Cleary T, DePascale D, Pizano L, Namias N, Rivera JI, O'Hara JA, Doi Y: Aerosolization of Acinetobacter baumannii in a trauma ICU. Crit Care Med 2013,41(8):1915. -1918 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828a39c0
8. Spellberg B, Bonomo RA: "Airborne assault": a new dimension in Acinetobacter baumannii transmission. Crit Care Med 2013,41(8):2042-2044. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829136c3
9. Jang TN, Lee SH, Huang CH, Lee CL, Chen WY: Risk factors and impact of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections in the adult intensive care unit: a case-control study. J Hosp Infect 2009,73(2):143-150. 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.06.007
10. Raad I, Reitzel R, Jiang Y, Chemaly RF, Dvorak T, Hachem R: Anti-adherence activity and antimicrobial durability of anti-infective-coated catheters against multidrug-resistant bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008,62(4):746-750. 10.1093/jac/dkn281
11. Martí S, Rodríguez-Bano J, Catel-Ferreira M, Jouenne T, Vila J, Seifert H, Dé E: Biofilm formation at the solid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces by Acinetobacter species. BMC Res Notes 2011,4(1):5. 10.1186/1756-0500-4-5
12. Gaddy JA, Tomaras AP, Actis LA: The Acinetobacter baumannii 19606 OmpA protein plays a role in biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and in the interaction of this pathogen with eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun 2009,77(8):3150-3160. 10.1128/IAI.00096-09
13. March C, Regueiro V, Llobet E, Moranta D, Morey P, Garmendia J, Bengoechea JA: Dissection of host cell signal transduction during Acinetobacter baumannii -triggered inflammatory response. PLoS One 2010,5(4):e10033. 10.1371/journal.pone.0010033
14. McConnell MJ, Pachon J: Expression, purification, and refolding of biologically active Acinetobacter baumannii OmpA from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Protein Expr Purif 2011,77(1):98-103. 10.1016/j.pep.2010.11.019
15. Braun G, Vidotto MC: Evaluation of adherence, hemagglutination, and presence of genes codifying for virulence factors of Acinetobacter baumannii causing urinary tract infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004,99(8):839-844. 10.1590/S0074-02762004000800010
16. Costa GF, Tognim MC, Cardoso CL, Carrara-Marrone FE, Garcia LB: Preliminary evaluation of adherence on abiotic and cellular surfaces of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from catheter tips. Braz J Infect Dis 2006,10(5):346-351.
17. Lee HW, Koh YM, Kim J, Lee JC, Lee YC, Seol SY, Cho DT: Capacity of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii to form biofilm and adhere to epithelial cell surfaces. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008,14(1):49-54. 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01842.x
18. Alarcon I, Evans DJ, Fleiszig SM: The role of twitching motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa exit from and translocation of corneal epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009,50(5):2237-2244. 10.1167/iovs.08-2785
19. Bahar O, Goffer T, Burdman S: Type IV Pili are required for virulence, twitching motility, and biofilm formation of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2009,22(8):909-920. 10.1094/MPMI-22-8-0909
20. Han X, Kennan RM, Davies JK, Reddacliff LA, Dhungyel OP, Whittington RJ, Turnbull L, Whitchurch CB, Rood JI: Twitching motility is essential for virulence in Dichelobacter nodosus. J Bacteriol 2008,190(9):3323-3335. 10.1128/JB.01807-07
21. Zolfaghar I, Evans DJ, Fleiszig SM: Twitching motility contributes to the role of pili in corneal infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 2003,71(9):5389-5393. 10.1128/IAI.71.9.5389-5393.2003
22. Eijkelkamp BA, Stroeher UH, Hassan KA, Elbourne LD, Paulsen IT, Brown MH: H-NS plays a role in expression of Acinetobacter baumannii virulence features. Infect Immun 2013,81(7):2574-2583. 10.1128/IAI.00065-13
23. Harding CM, Tracy EN, Carruthers MD, Rather PN, Actis LA, Munson RS Jr: Acinetobacter baumannii strain M2 produces type IV pili which play a role in natural transformation and twitching motility but not surface-associated motility. MBio 2013,4(4):e00360-13.
24. Russo TA, Luke NR, Beanan JM, Olson R, Sauberan SL, MacDonald U, Schultz LW, Umland TC, Campagnari AA: The K1 capsular polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii strain 307-0294 is a major virulence factor. Infect Immun 2010,78(9):3993-4000. 10.1128/IAI.00366-10
25. Choi AH, Slamti L, Avci FY, Pier GB, Maira-Litran T: The pgaABCD locus of Acinetobacter baumannii encodes the production of poly- ß -1-6- N -acetylglucosamine, which is critical for biofilm formation. J Bacteriol 2009,191(19):5953-5963. 10.1128/JB.00647-09
26. Farrugia DN, Elbourne LD, Hassan KA, Eijkelkamp BA, Tetu SG, Brown MH, Shah BS, Peleg AY, Mabbutt BC, Paulsen IT: The complete genome and phenome of a community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS One 2013,8(3):e58628. 10.1371/journal.pone.0058628
27. Adams MD, Goglin K, Molyneaux N, Hujer KM, Lavender H, Jamison JJ, MacDonald IJ, Martin KM, Russo T, Campagnari AA, Hujer AM, Bonomo RA, Gill SR: Comparative genome sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Bacteriol 2008,190(24):8053-8064. 10.1128/JB.00834-08
28. Iacono M, Villa L, Fortini D, Bordoni R, Imperi F, Bonnal RJ, Sicheritz-Ponten T, De Bellis G, Visca P, Cassone A, Carattoli A: Whole-genome pyrosequencing of an epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain belonging to the European clone II group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008,52(7):2616-2625. 10.1128/AAC.01643-07
29. Smith MG, Gianoulis TA, Pukatzki S, Mekalanos JJ, Ornston LN, Gerstein M, Snyder M: New insights into Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis revealed by high-density pyrosequencing and transposon mutagenesis. Genes Dev 2007,21(5):601-614. 10.1101/gad.1510307
30. Piechaud M, Second L: Studies of 26 strains of Moraxella Iwoffi. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1951,80(1):97-99.
31. Schaub IG, Hauber FD: A biochemical and serological study of a group of identical unidentifiable Gram-negative bacilli from human sources. J Bacteriol 1948,56(4):379-385.
32. Fournier PE, Vallenet D, Barbe V, Audic S, Ogata H, Poirel L, Richet H, Robert C, Mangenot S, Abergel C, Nordmann P, Weissenbach J, Raoult D, Claverie JM: Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS Genet 2006,2(1):e7. 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020007
33. Turton JF, Gabriel SN, Valderrey C, Kaufmann ME, Pitt TL: Use of sequence-based typing and multiplex PCR to identify clonal lineages of outbreak strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007,13(8):807-815. 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01759.x
34. Wiles TJ, Kulesus RR, Mulvey MA: Origins and virulence mechanisms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Exp Mol Pathol 2008,85(1):11-19. 10.1016/j.yexmp.2008.03.007
35. de Breij A, Gaddy J, van der Meer J, Koning R, Koster A, van den Broek P, Actis L, Nibbering P, Dijkshoorn L: CsuA/BABCDE-dependent pili are not involved in the adherence of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC19606(T) to human airway epithelial cells and their inflammatory response. Res Microb 2009,160(3):213-218. 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.01.002
36. Tomaras AP, Dorsey CW, Edelmann RE, Actis LA: Attachment to and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces by Acinetobacter baumannii: involvement of a novel chaperone-usher pili assembly system. Microbiology 2003,149(Pt 12):3473-3484.
37. Tomaras AP, Flagler MJ, Dorsey CW, Gaddy JA, Actis LA: Characterization of a two-component regulatory system from Acinetobacter baumannii that controls biofilm formation and cellular morphology. Microbiology 2008,154(Pt 11):3398-3409.
38. Marti S, Nait Chabane Y, Alexandre S, Coquet L, Vila J, Jouenne T, De E: Growth of Acinetobacter baumannii in pellicle enhanced the expression of potential virulence factors. PLoS One 2011,6(10):e26030. 10.1371/journal.pone.0026030
39. Eijkelkamp BA, Hassan KA, Paulsen IT, Brown MH: Investigation of the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii under iron limiting conditions. BMC Genomics 2011,12(1):126. 10.1186/1471-2164-12-126
40. Rumbo-Feal S, Gómez MJ, Gayoso C, Álvarez-Fraga L, Cabral MP, Aransay AM, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N, Fullaondo A, Valle J, Tomás M, Bou G, Poza M: Whole transcriptome analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii assessed by RNA-sequencing reveals different mRNA expression profiles in biofilm compared to planktonic cells. PLoS One 2013,8(8):e72968. 10.1371/journal.pone.0072968
41. Orsi RH, Bowen BM, Wiedmann M: Homopolymeric tracts represent a general regulatory mechanism in prokaryotes. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:102. 10.1186/1471-2164-11-102
42. Clemmer KM, Bonomo RA, Rather PN: Genetic analysis of surface motility in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbiology 2011,157(Pt 9):2534-2544.
43. Antunes LC, Imperi F, Carattoli A, Visca P: Deciphering the multifactorial nature of Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenicity. PLoS One 2011,6(8):e22674. 10.1371/journal.pone.0022674
44. Allsopp LP, Beloin C, Ulett GC, Valle J, Totsika M, Sherlock O, Ghigo JM, Schembri MA: Molecular characterization of UpaB and UpaC, two new autotransporter proteins of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073. Infect Immun 2012,80(1):321-332. 10.1128/IAI.05322-11
45. Henderson IR, Navarro-Garcia F, Desvaux M, Fernandez RC, Ala'Aldeen D: Type V protein secretion pathway: the autotransporter story. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2004,68(4):692-744. 10.1128/MMBR.68.4.692-744.2004
46. Leo JC, Grin I, Linke D: Type V secretion: mechanism(s) of autotransport through the bacterial outer membrane. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012,367(1592):1088-1101. 10.1098/rstb.2011.0208
47. Bentancor LV, Camacho-Peiro A, Bozkurt-Guzel C, Pier GB, Maira-Litran T: Identification of Ata, a multifunctional trimeric autotransporter of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Bacteriol 2012,194(15):3950-3960. 10.1128/JB.06769-11
48. Cascales E, Cambillau C: Structural biology of type VI secretion systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012,367(1592):1102-1111. 10.1098/rstb.2011.0209
49. Mougous JD, Cuff ME, Raunser S, Shen A, Zhou M, Gifford CA, Goodman AL, Joachimiak G, Ordonez CL, Lory S, Walz T, Joachimiak A, Mekalanos JJ: A virulence locus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a protein secretion apparatus. Science 2006,312(5779):1526-1530. 10.1126/science.1128393
50. Filloux A, Hachani A, Bleves S: The bacterial type VI secretion machine: yet another player for protein transport across membranes. Microbiology 2008,154(Pt 6):1570-1583.
51. de Pace F, Nakazato G, Pacheco A, de Paiva JB, Sperandio V, da Silveira WD: The type VI secretion system plays a role in type 1 fimbria expression and pathogenesis of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain. Infect Immun 2010,78(12):4990-4998. 10.1128/IAI.00531-10
52. Schwarz S, Hood RD, Mougous JD: What is type VI secretion doing in all those bugs? Trends Microbiol 2010,18(12):531-537. 10.1016/j.tim.2010.09.001
53. Schwarz S, West TE, Boyer F, Chiang WC, Carl MA, Hood RD, Rohmer L, Tolker-Nielsen T, Skerrett SJ, Mougous JD: Burkholderia type VI secretion systems have distinct roles in eukaryotic and bacterial cell interactions. PLoS Pathog 2010,6(8):e1001068. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001068
54. Jani AJ, Cotter PA: Type VI secretion: not just for pathogenesis anymore. Cell Host Microbe 2010,8(1):2-6. 10.1016/j.chom.2010.06.012
55. Weber BS, Miyata ST, Iwashkiw JA, Mortensen BL, Skaar EP, Pukatzki S, Feldman MF: Genomic and functional analysis of the Type VI secretion system in Acinetobacter. PLoS One 2013,8(1):e55142. 10.1371/journal.pone.0055142
56. Carruthers MD, Harding CM, Baker BD, Bonomo RA, Hujer KM, Rather PN, Munson RS Jr: Draft genome sequence of the clinical isolate Acinetobacter nosocomialis strain M2. Genome Announc 2013,1(6):e00906-13.
57. Hood RD, Singh P, Hsu F, Guvener T, Carl MA, Trinidad RR, Silverman JM, Ohlson BB, Hicks KG, Plemel RL, Li M, Schwarz S, Wang WY, Merz AJ, Goodlett DR, Mougous JD: A type VI secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa targets a toxin to bacteria. Cell Host Microbe 2010,7(1):25-37. 10.1016/j.chom.2009.12.007
58. Pukatzki S, Ma AT, Revel AT, Sturtevant D, Mekalanos JJ: Type VI secretion system translocates a phage tail spike-like protein into target cells where it cross-links actin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007,104(39):15508-15513. 10.1073/pnas.0706532104
59. Wang YD, Zhao S, Hill CW: Rhs elements comprise three subfamilies which diverged prior to acquisition by Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1998,180(16):4102-4110.
60. Shneider MM, Buth SA, Ho BT, Basler M, Mekalanos JJ, Leiman PG: PAAR-repeat proteins sharpen and diversify the type VI secretion system spike. Nature 2013,500(7462):350-353. 10.1038/nature12453
61. Durand E, Verger D, Rego AT, Chandran V, Meng G, Fronzes R, Waksman G: Structural biology of bacterial secretion systems in Gram-negative pathogens-potential for new drug targets. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2009,9(5):518-547. 10.2174/187152609789105722
62. Jacobs AC, Hood I, Boyd KL, Olson PD, Morrison JM, Carson S, Sayood K, Iwen PC, Skaar EP, Dunman PM: Inactivation of phospholipase D diminishes Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2010,78(5):1952-1962. 10.1128/IAI.00889-09
63. Douzi B, Filloux A, Voulhoux R: On the path to uncover the bacterial type II secretion system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012,367(1592):1059-1072. 10.1098/rstb.2011.0204
64. Choi CH, Hyun SH, Lee JY, Lee JS, Lee YS, Kim SA, Chae JP, Yoo SM, Lee JC: Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A targets the nucleus and induces cytotoxicity. Cell Microbiol 2008,10(2):309-319.
65. Choi CH, Lee JS, Lee YC, Park TI, Lee JC: Acinetobacter baumannii invades epithelial cells and outer membrane protein A mediates interactions with epithelial cells. BMC Microbiol 2008, 8:216. 10.1186/1471-2180-8-216
66. del Mar TM, Beceiro A, Perez A, Velasco D, Moure R, Villanueva R, Martinez-Beltran J, Bou G: Cloning and functional analysis of the gene encoding the 33- to 36-kilodalton outer membrane protein associated with carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005,49(12):5172-5175. 10.1128/AAC.49.12.5172-5175.2005
67. Jin JS, Kwon SO, Moon DC, Gurung M, Lee JH, Kim SI, Lee JC: Acinetobacter baumannii secretes cytotoxic outer membrane protein A via outer membrane vesicles. PLoS One 2011,6(2):e17027. 10.1371/journal.pone.0017027
68. Choi CH, Lee EY, Lee YC, Park TI, Kim HJ, Hyun SH, Kim SA, Lee SK, Lee JC: Outer membrane protein 38 of Acinetobacter baumannii localizes to the mitochondria and induces apoptosis of epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2005,7(8):1127-1138. 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00538.x
69. Ofori-Darko E, Zavros Y, Rieder G, Tarle SA, Van Antwerp M, Merchant JL: An OmpA-like protein from Acinetobacter spp. stimulates gastrin and interleukin-8 promoters. Infect Immun 2000,68(6):3657-3666. 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3657-3666.2000
70. Rahbar MR, Rasooli I, Mousavi Gargari SL, Amani J, Fattahian Y: In silico analysis of antibody triggering biofilm associated protein in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Theor Biol 2010,266(2):275-290. 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.06.014
71. Loehfelm TW, Luke NR, Campagnari AA: Identification and characterization of an Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm-associated protein. J Bacteriol 2008,190(3):1036-1044. 10.1128/JB.01416-07
72. Goh HM, Beatson SA, Totsika M, Moriel DG, Phan MD, Szubert J, Runnegar N, Sidjabat HE, Paterson DL, Nimmo GR, Lipman J, Schembri MA: Molecular analysis of the Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm-associated protein. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013,79(21):6535-6543. 10.1128/AEM.01402-13
73. Lasa I, Penadés JR: Bap: a family of surface proteins involved in biofilm formation. Res Microb 2006,157(2):99-107. 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.11.003
74. Sahu PK, Iyer PS, Oak AM, Pardesi KR, Chopade BA: Characterization of eDNA from the clinical strain Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 and its role in biofilm formation. ScientificWorldJournal 2012, 2012:973436.
75. Luke NR, Sauberan SL, Russo TA, Beanan JM, Olson R, Loehfelm TW, Cox AD, St Michael F, Vinogradov EV, Campagnari AA: Identification and characterization of a glycosyltransferase involved in Acinetobacter baumannii lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. Infect Immun 2010,78(5):2017-2023. 10.1128/IAI.00016-10
76. Kenyon JJ, Hall RM: Variation in the complex carbohydrate biosynthesis loci of Acinetobacter baumannii genomes. PLoS One 2013,8(4):e62160. 10.1371/journal.pone.0062160
77. Kenyon JJ, Marzaioli AM, Hall RM, De Castro C: Structure of the K2 capsule associated with the KL2 gene cluster of Acinetobacter baumannii. Glycobiology 2014,24(6):554-563. 10.1093/glycob/cwu024
78. Kenyon JJ, Holt KE, Pickard D, Dougan G, Hall RM: Insertions in the OCL1 locus of Acinetobacter baumannii lead to shortened lipooligosaccharides. Res Microbiol 2014, 165:472-475. 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.034
79. Hu D, Liu B, Dijkshoorn L, Wang L, Reeves PR: Diversity in the major polysaccharide antigen of Acinetobacter baumannii assessed by DNA sequencing, and development of a molecular serotyping scheme. PLoS One 2013,8(7):e70329. 10.1371/journal.pone.0070329
80. Schulz BL, Jen FE, Power PM, Jones CE, Fox KL, Ku SC, Blanchfield JT, Jennings MP: Identification of bacterial protein O-oligosaccharyltransferases and their glycoprotein substrates. PLoS One 2013,8(5):e62768. 10.1371/journal.pone.0062768
81. Wright MS, Haft DH, Harkins DM, Perez F, Hujer KM, Bajaksouzian S, Benard MF, Jacobs MR, Bonomo RA, Adams MD: New insights into dissemination and variation of the health care-associated pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii from genomic analysis. MBio 2014,5(1):e00963-00913.
82. MacLean LL, Perry MB, Chen W, Vinogradov E: The structure of the polysaccharide O-chain of the LPS from Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 17961. Carbohydr Res 2009,344(4):474-478. 10.1016/j.carres.2008.12.026
83. Fregolino E, Gargiulo V, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Holst O, Castro CD: Identification and structural determination of the capsular polysaccharides from two Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, MG1 and SMAL. Carbohydr Res 2011,346(7):973-977. 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.024
84. Vinogradov EV, Brade L, Brade H, Holst O: Structural and serological characterisation of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii strain 24. Carbohydr Res 2003,338(23):2751-2756. 10.1016/j.carres.2003.05.001
85. Traub WH: Acinetobacter baumannii serotyping for delineation of outbreaks of nosocomial cross-infection. J Clin Microbiol 1989,27(12):2713-2716.
86. Beceiro A, Llobet E, Aranda J, Bengoechea JA, Doumith M, Hornsey M, Dhanji H, Chart H, Bou G, Livermore DM, Woodford N: Phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A in colistin-resistant variants of Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by the pmrAB two-component regulatory system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011,55(7):3370-3379. 10.1128/AAC.00079-11
87. Arroyo LA, Herrera CM, Fernandez L, Hankins JV, Trent MS, Hancock RE: The pmrCAB operon mediates polymyxin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 and clinical isolates through phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011,55(8):3743-3751. 10.1128/AAC.00256-11
88. Henry R, Vithanage N, Harrison P, Seemann T, Coutts S, Moffatt JH, Nation RL, Li J, Harper M, Adler B, Boyce JD: Colistin-resistant, lipopolysaccharide-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii responds to lipopolysaccharide loss through increased expression of genes involved in the synthesis and transport of lipoproteins, phospholipids, and poly- ß -1,6- N -acetylglucosamine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012,56(1):59-69. 10.1128/AAC.05191-11
89. Moffatt JH, Harper M, Adler B, Nation RL, Li J, Boyce JD: Insertion sequence IS Aba11 is involved in colistin resistance and loss of lipopolysaccharide in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011,55(6):3022-3024. 10.1128/AAC.01732-10
90. Adams MD, Nickel GC, Bajaksouzian S, Lavender H, Murthy AR, Jacobs MR, Bonomo RA: Resistance to colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii associated with mutations in the PmrAB two-component system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009,53(9):3628-3634. 10.1128/AAC.00284-09
91. Rolain JM, Roch A, Castanier M, Papazian L, Raoult D: Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to colistin with impaired virulence: a case report from France. J Infect Dis 2011,204(7):1146-1147. 10.1093/infdis/jir475
92. López-Rojas R, Dominguez-Herrera J, McConnell MJ, Docobo-Peréz F, Smani Y, Fernández-Raeyes M, Rivas L, Pachón J: Impaired virulence and in vivo fitness of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Infect Dis 2011,203(4):545-548. 10.1093/infdis/jiq086
93. Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ: Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 1997,25(17):3389-3402. 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
94. Aziz RK, Bartels D, Best AA, DeJongh M, Disz T, Edwards RA, Formsma K, Gerdes S, Glass EM, Kubal M, Meyer F, Olsen GJ, Olson R, Osterman AL, Overbeek RA, McNeil LK, Paarmann D, Paczian T, Parrello B, Pusch GD, Reich C, Stevens R, Vassieva O, Vonstein V, Wilke A, Zagnitko O: The RAST Server: rapid annotations using subsystems technology. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:75. 10.1186/1471-2164-9-75
95. Darling AC, Mau B, Blattner FR, Perna NT: Mauve: multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements. Genome Res 2004,14(7):1394-1403. 10.1101/gr.2289704
96. Sievers F, Wilm A, Dineen D, Gibson TJ, Karplus K, Li W, Lopez R, McWilliam H, Remmert M, Söding J, Thompson JD, Higgins DG: Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. Mol Syst Biol 2011, 7:539.
97. Saitou N, Nei M: The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 1987,4(4):406-425.