Altered glycosylation in prostate cancer

Advances in Cancer Research

Volumn 126, Issue , 2015, Pages 345-382

  Drake, Richard R ^a   Jones, E Ellen ^a   Powers, Thomas W ^a   Nyalwidhe, Julius O ^b  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Expressed prostatic secretions; Glycoprotein; Glycosphingolipid; MALDI imaging mass spectrometry; Prostate cancer; Prostate specific antigen

Indexed keywords

ACID PHOSPHATASE PROSTATE ISOENZYME; GANGLIOSIDE; GLYCAN; GLYCOLIPID; GLYCOPROTEIN; GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID; MUCIN; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; TUMOR PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; EXOSOME; GLYCOBIOLOGY; GLYCOSYLATION; HUMAN; MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINE; PROSTATE FLUID; PROSTATE TUMOR; PROTEOMICS; SEMINAL PLASMA; ANIMAL; MALE; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY;

ANIMALS; GLYCOPROTEINS; GLYCOSYLATION; HUMANS; MALE; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84923299995     PISSN: 0065230X     EISSN: 21625557     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.12.001     Document Type: Chapter

References (129)

1. Aalberts M., Stout T.A., Stoorvogel W. Prostasomes: Extracellular vesicles from the prostate. Reproduction 2013, 147(1):R1-R14.
2. Adamczyk B., Tharmalingam T., Rudd P.M. Glycans as cancer biomarkers. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2012, 1820(9):1347-1353.
3. Andriole G.L., Crawford E.D., Grubb R.L., Buys S.S., Chia D., Church T.R., et al. Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. New England Journal of Medicine 2009, 360(13):1310-1319.
4. Arai T., Fujita K., Fujime M., Irimura T. Expression of sialylated MUC1 in prostate cancer: Relationship to clinical stage and prognosis. International Journal of Urology 2005, 12(7):654-661.
5. Barry M.J. Screening for prostate cancer-The controversy that refuses to die. New England Journal of Medicine 2009, 360:1351-1354.
6. Barthel S.R., Gavino J.D., Wiese G.K., Jaynes J.M., Siddiqui J., Dimitroff C.J. Analysis of glycosyltransferase expression in metastatic prostate cancer cells capable of rolling activity on microvascular endothelial (E)-selectin. Glycobiology 2008, 18:806-817.
7. Barthel S.R., Wiese G.K., Cho J., Opperman M.J., Hays D.L., Siddiqui J., et al. Alpha 1,3 fucosyltransferases are master regulators of prostate cancer cell trafficking. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:19491-19496.
8. Behnken H.N., Ruthenbeck A., Schulz J.M., Meyer B. Glycan analysis of prostate specific antigen (PSA) directly from the intact glycoprotein by HR-ESI/TOF-MS. Journal of Proteome Research 2014, 13(2):997-1001.
9. Bennun S.V., Yarema K.J., Betenbaugh M.J., Krambeck F.J. Integration of the transcriptome and glycome for identification of glycan cell signatures. PLoS Computational Biology 2013, 9(1):e1002813.
10. Bianco F.J., Scardino P.T., Eastham J.A. Radical prostatectomy: Long term cancer control and recovery of sexual and urinary function ("trifecta"). Urology 2005, 66:83-94.
11. Bova G.S., MacGrogan D., Levy A., Pin S.S., Bookstein R., Isaacs W.B. Physical mapping of chromosome 8p22 markers and their homozygous deletion in a metastatic prostate cancer. Genomics 1996, 35:46-54.
12. Carroll A.M., Zalutsky M., Schatten S., Bhan A., Perry L.L., Sobotka C., et al. Monoclonal antibodies to tissue-specific cell surface antigens. I. Characterization of an antibody to a prostate tissue antigen. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 1984, 33(2):268-281.
13. Cazares L.H., Troyer D., Mendrinos S., Lance R.A., Nyalwidhe J.O., Beydoun H.A., et al. Imaging mass spectrometry of a specific fragment of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 2 discriminates cancer from uninvolved prostate tissue. Clinical Cancer Research 2009, 15(17):5541-5551.
14. Cazares L.H., Troyer D.A., Wang B., Drake R.R., Semmes O.J. MALDI tissue imaging: From biomarker discovery to clinical applications. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2011, 401:17-27.
15. Center M.M., Jemal A., Lortet-Tieulent J., Ward E., Farlay J., Brawley O. International variation in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. European Urology 2012, 61(6):1079-1092.
16. Chandrasekaran E.V., Chawda R., Locke R.D., Piskorz C.F., Matta K.L. Biosynthesis of the carbohydrate antigenic determinants, Globo H, blood group H, and Lewis b: A role for prostate cancer cell alpha1,2-l-fucosyltransferase. Glycobiology 2002, 12(3):153-162.
17. Chen Z., Gulzar Z.G., St Hill C.A., Walcheck B., Brooks J.D. Increased expression of GCNT1 is associated with altered O-glycosylation of PSA, PAP, and MUC1 in human prostate cancers. Prostate 2014, 74(10):1059-1067.
18. Chen J., Xi J., Tian Y., Bova G.S., Zhang H. Identification, prioritization, and evaluation of glycoproteins for aggressive prostate cancer using quantitative glycoproteomics and antibody-based assays on tissue specimens. Proteomics 2013, 13(15):2268-2277.
19. Cozzi P.J., Wang J., Delprado W., Perkins A.C., Allen B.J., Russell P.J., et al. MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC6 expression in the progression of prostate cancer. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 2005, 22(7):565-573.
20. Culig Z.A., Hittmair A., Hobisch A., Bartsch G., Klocker H., Pai L.H., et al. Expression of lewis carbohydrate antigens in metastatic lesions from human prostatic carcinoma. Prostate 1998, 36:162-167.
21. de Leoz M.L., An H.J., Kronewitter S., Kim J., Beecroft S., Vinall R., et al. Glycomic approach for potential biomarkers on prostate cancer: Profiling of N-linked glycans in human sera and pRNS cell lines. Disease Markers 2008, 25(4-5):243-258.
22. Dennis J.W. Changes in glycosylation associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression. Cell surface carbohydrates and cell development 1992, 161-194. CRC Press, Boca Raton. M. Fukuda (Ed.).
23. Drake R.R., Elschenbroich S., Lopez O., Nyalwidhe J.O., Wilkins C.E., Lance R.S., et al. In-depth proteomic analyses of direct expressed prostatic secretions. Journal of Proteome Research 2009, 9:2109-2116.
24. Drake R.R., Kislinger T. The proteomics of prostate cancer exosomes. Expert Reviews of Proteomics 2014, 11:167-177.
25. Drake R.R., Schwegler E.E., Malik G., Diaz J., Block T., Mehta A., et al. Lectin capture strategies combined with mass spectrometry for the discovery of serum glycoprotein biomarkers. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 2006, 10:1957-1967.
26. Drake R.R., White K.Y., Fuller T.W., Igwe E., Clements M.A., Nyalwidhe J.O., et al. Clinical collection and protein properties of expressed prostatic secretions as a source for biomarkers of prostatic disease. Journal of Proteomics 2009, 72:907-917.
27. Dube D.H., Prescher J.A., Quang C.N., Bertozzi C.R. Probing mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in living animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:4819-4824.
28. Duijvesz D., Luider T., Bangma C.H., Jenster G. Exosomes as biomarker treasure chests for prostate cancer. European Urology 2011, 59:823-831.
29. Dwek M.V., Jenks A., Leathem A.J. A sensitive assay to measure biomarker glycosylation demonstrates increased fucosylation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with prostate cancer compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinica Chimica Acta 2010, 411(23-24):1935-1939.
30. Fredolini C., Liotta L.A., Petricoin E.F. Application of proteomic technologies for prostate cancer detection, prognosis, and tailored therapy. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 2010, 47(3):125-138.
31. Freedland S.J., Humphreys E.B., Mangold L.A., Eisenberger M., Dorey F.J., Walsh P.C., et al. Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA 2005, 294:433-439.
32. Fukushima K., Satoh T., Baba S., Yamashita K. Alpha1,2-fucosylated and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminylated prostate-specific antigen as an efficient marker of prostatic cancer. Glycobiology 2010, 20(4):452-460.
33. Gao C., Liu Y., Zhang H., Zhang Y., Fukuda M.N., Palma A.S., et al. Carbohydrate sequence of the prostate cancer-associated antigen F77 assigned by a mucin O-glycome designer array. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014, 289(23):16462-16477.
34. Gerritsen W.R. The evolving role of immunotherapy in prostate cancer. Annals of Oncology 2012, Suppl. 8:viii22-viii27.
35. Gilgunn S., Conroy P.J., Saldova R., Rudd P.M., O'Kennedy R.J. Aberrant PSA glycosylation-A sweet predictor of prostate cancer. Nature Reviews. Urology 2013, 10(2):99-107.
36. Gillet L.C., Navarro P., Tate S., Rost H., Selevsek N., Reiter L., et al. Targeted data extraction of the MS/MS spectra generated by data-independent acquisition: a new concept for consistent and accurate proteome analysis. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 2012, 11. O111.016717.
37. Guo S., Skala W., Magdolen V., Brandstetter H., Goettig P. Sweetened kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs): Glycan trees as potential regulators of activation and activity. Biological Chemistry 2014, 395(9):959-976.
38. Gutman A.B., Gutman E.B. An " acid " phosphatase occurring in the serum of patients with metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate gland. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1938, 17(4):473-478.
39. Han M., Partin A.W., Pound C.R., Epstein J.I., Walsh P.C., et al. Long-term biochemical disease free and cancer-specific survival following anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. The 15-year Johns Hopkins experience. Urology Clinics of North America 2001, 28:555-565.
40. Hatano K., Miyamoto Y., Mori M., Nimura K., Nakai Y., Nonomura N., et al. Androgen-regulated transcriptional control of sialyltransferases in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2012, 7(2):e31234.
41. Heller J.E. Prostatic acid phosphatase: its current clinical status. Journal of Urology 1987, 137(6):1091-1103.
42. Herrala A.M., Porvari K.S., Kyllonen A.P., Vihko P.T. Comparison of human prostate specific glandular kallikrein 2 and prostate specific antigen gene expression in prostate with gene amplification and overexpression of prostate specific glandular kallikrein 2 in tumor tissue. Cancer 2001, 92(12):2975-2984.
43. Horak P., Tomasich E., Vaňhara P., Kratochvílová K., Anees M., Marhold M., et al. TUSC3 loss alters the ER stress response and accelerates prostate cancer growth in vivo. Scientific Reports 2014, 4:3739.
44. Hubbard S.C., Boyce M., McVaugh C.T., Peehl D.M., Bertozzi C.R. Cell surface glycoproteomic analysis of prostate cancer-derived PC-3 cells. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2011, 21(17):4945-4950.
45. Hudson M.A., Bahnson R.R., Catalona W.J. Clinical use of prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer. Journal of Urology 1989, 142(4):1011-1017.
46. Jakob C.G., Lewinski K., Kuciel R., Ostrowski W., Lebioda L. Crystal structure of human prostatic acid phosphatase. Prostate 2000, 42(3):211-218.
47. Jorgensen T., Berner A., Kaalhus O., Tveter K.J., Danielsen H.E., Bryne M. Up-regulation of the oligosaccharide sialyl lewis X: A new prognostic parameter in metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Research 1995, 55:1817-1819.
48. Kim Y., Ignatchenko V., Yao C.Q., Kalatskaya I., Nyalwidhe J.O., Lance R.S., et al. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in direct expressed prostatic secretions of men with organ-confined versus extracapsular prostate cancer. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 2012, 11:1870-1874.
49. Klotz L., Emberton M. Management of low risk prostate cancer-active surveillance and focal therapy. Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology 2014, 11(6):324-334.
50. Kyselova Z., Mechref Y., Al Bataineh M.M., Dobrolecki L.E., Hickey R.J., Vinson J., et al. Alterations in the serum glycome due to metastatic prostate cancer. Journal of Proteome Research 2007, 6(5):1822-1832.
51. Lange T., Kupfernagel M., Wicklein D., Gebauer F., Maar H., Brügge K., et al. Aberrant presentation of HPA-reactive cancer implies selectin-independent metastasis formation in human prostate cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2014, 20:1791-1802.
52. Lange T., Ullrich S., Müller I., Nentwich M.F., Stubke K., Feldhaus S., et al. Human prostate cancer in a clinically relevant xenograft mouse model: Identification of β(1,6)-branched oligosaccharides as a marker of tumor progression. Clinical Cancer Research 2012, 18:1364-1373.
53. Laughlin S.T., Agard N.J., Baskin J.M., Carrico I.S., Chang P.V., Ganguli A.S., et al. Metabolic labeling of glycans with azido sugars for visualization and glycoproteomics. Methods in Enzymology 2006, 415:230-250.
54. Laughlin S.T., Bertozzi C.R. Imaging the glycome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:12-17.
55. Leymarie N., Griffin P.J., Jonscher K., Kolarich D., Orlando R., McComb M. Interlaboratory study on differential analysis of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry: The ABRF glycoprotein research multi-institutional study 2012. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 2013, 12:2935-2951.
56. Li Y., Tian Y., Rezai T., Prakash A., Lopez M.F., Chan D.W., et al. Simultaneous analysis of glycosylated and sialylated prostate-specific antigen revealing differential distribution of glycosylated prostate-specific antigen isoforms in prostate cancer tissues. Analytical Chemistry 2011, 83(1):240-245.
57. Lilja H., Oldbring J., Rannevik G., Laurell C.B. Seminal vesicle-secreted proteins and their reactions during gelation and liquefaction of human semen. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1987, 80(2):281-285.
58. Lilja H., Ulmert D., Vickers A.J. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: Prediction, detection and monitoring. Nature Reviews Cancer 2008, 8(4):268-278.
59. Lintula S., Stenman J., Bjartell A., Nordling S., Stenman U.H. Relative concentrations of hK2/PSA mRNA in benign and malignant prostatic tissue. Prostate 2005, 63(4):324-329.
60. Liu Y., Chen J., Sethi A., Li Q.K., Chen L., Collins B., et al. Glycoproteomic analysis of prostate cancer tissues by SWATH mass spectrometry discovers N-acylethanolamine acid amidase and protein tyrosine kinase 7 as signatures for tumor aggressiveness. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 2014, 13(7):1753-1768.
61. Lovgren J., Valtonen-Andre C., Marsal K., Lilja H., Lundwall A. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein 2 in different body fluids. Journal of Andrology 1999, 20:348-355.
62. Lundwall A., Clauss A., Olsson A.Y. Evolution of kallikrein-related peptidases in mammals and identification of a genetic locus encoding potential regulatory inhibitors. Biological Chemistry 2006, 387(3):243-249.
63. Makarov D.V., Carter H.B. The discovery of prostate specific antigen as a biomarker for the early detection of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Journal of Urology 2006, 176(6 Pt. 1):2383-2385.
64. Marker P.C., Stephan J.P., Lee J., Bald L., Mather J.P., Cunha G.R. Fucosyltransferase1 and H-type complex carbohydrates modulate epithelial cell proliferation during prostatic branching morphogenesis. Developmental Biology 2001, 233(1):95-108.
65. Martensson S., Bigler S.A., Brown M., Lange P.H., Brawer M.K., Hakomori S. Sialyl-Lewis (x) and related carbohydrate antigens in the prostate. Human Pathology 1995, 26:735-739.
66. Miwa H.E., Song Y., Alvarez R., Cummings R.D., Stanley P. The bisecting GlcNAc in cell growth control and tumor progression. Glycoconjugate Journal 2012, 8-9:609-618.
67. Moul J.W., Anderson J., Penson D.F., Klotz L.H., Soloway M.S., Schulman C.C. Early prostate cancer: Prevention, treatment modalities, and quality of life issues. European Urology 2003, 44(3):283-293.
68. Nath S., Mukherjee P. MUC1: A multifaceted oncoprotein with a key role in cancer progression. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2014, 20(6):332-342.
69. Nelson W.G., De Marzo A.M., DeWeese T.L., Isaacs W.B. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Journal of Urology 2004, 172(5 Pt. 2):S6-S11. (discussion S11-S12).
70. Newsom-Davis T.E., Wang D., Steinman L., Chen P.F., Wang L.X., Simon A.K., et al. Enhanced immune recognition of cryptic glycan markers in human tumors. Cancer Research 2009, 69:2018-2025.
71. Nonaka M., Fukuda M.N., Gao C., Li Z., Zhang H., Greene M.I., et al. Determination of carbohydrate structure recognized by prostate-specific F77 monoclonal antibody through expression analysis of glycosyltransferase genes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014, 289(23):16478-16486.
72. Nyalwidhe J.O., Betesh L.R., Powers T.W., Jones E.E., White K.Y., Burch T.C., et al. Increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and decreased branched chain glycans of N-linked glycoproteins in expressed prostatic secretions associated with prostate cancer progression. Proteomics Clinical Applications 2013, 7:677-689.
73. O'Dowd G.J., Veltri R.W., Orozco R., Miller M.C., Oesterling J.E. Update on the appropriate staging evaluation for newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Journal of Urology 1997, 158(3 Pt. 1):687-698.
74. Okada T., Sato Y., Kobayashi N., Sumida K., Satomura S., Matsuura S., et al. Structural characteristics of the N-glycans of two isoforms of prostate-specific antigens purified from human seminal fluid. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2001, 1525:149-160.
75. Patrikidou A., Loriot Y., Eymard J.C., Albiges L., Massard C., Ileana E., et al. Who dies from prostate cancer?. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 2014, 17(4):348-352.
76. Peracaula R., Tabares G., Royle L., Harvey D.J., Rudd P.M., de Llorens R. Altered glycosylation pattern allows the distinction between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from normal and tumor origins. Glycobiology 2003, 13(4):227-244.
77. Pinho S.S., Oliveira P., Cabral J., Carvalho S., Huntsman D., Gärtner F., et al. Loss and recovery of Mgat3 and GnT-III Mediated E-cadherin N-glycosylation is a mechanism involved in epithelial-mesenchymal-epithelial transitions. PLoS One 2012, 7(3):e33191.
78. Powell I.J. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of prostate cancer in African-American men. Journal of Urology 2007, 177(2):444-449.
79. Powers T.W., Jones E.E., Betesh L.R., Romano P.R., Gao P., Copeland J.A., et al. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry workflow for spatial profiling analysis of N-linked glycan expression in tissues. Analytical Chemistry 2013, 85:9799-9806.
80. Powers T.W., Neely B.A., Shao Y., Tang H., Troyer D.A., Mehta A.S., et al. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry profiling of N-glycans in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded clinical tissue blocks and tissue microarrays. PLoS One 2014, 9(9):e106255.
81. Prakash S., Robbins P.W. Glycotyping of prostate specific antigen. Glycobiology 2000, 10:173-176.
82. Principe S., Jones E.E., Kim Y., Sinha A., Nyawlwidhe J.O., Brooks J., et al. In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Proteomics 2013, 13:1667-1671.
83. Principe S., Kim Y., Fontana S., Ignatchenko V., Nyalwidhe J.O., Lance R.S. Identification of prostate-enriched proteins by in-depth proteomic analyses of expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Journal of Proteome Research 2012, 11(4):2386-2396.
84. Quintero I.B., Herrala A.M., Araujo C.L., Pulkka A.E., Hautaniemi S., Ovvaska K. Transmembrane prostatic acid phosphatase (TMPAP) interacts with snapin and deficient mice develop prostate adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2013, 8(9):e73072.
85. Radhakrishnan P., Dabelsteen S., Madsen F.B., Francavilla C., Kopp K.L., Steentoft C., et al. Immature truncated O-glycophenotype of cancer directly induces oncogenic features. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014, 111(39):E4066-E4075.
86. Raimondo F., Morosi L., Chinello C., Magni F., Pitto M. Advances in membranous vesicle and exosome proteomics improving biological understanding and biomarker discovery. Proteomics 2011, 11(4):709-720.
87. Ravindranath M.H., Muthugounder S., Presser N., Selvan S.R., Portoukalian J., Brosman S., et al. Gangliosides of organ-confined versus metastatic androgen-receptor-negative prostate cancer. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2004, 324(1):154-165.
88. Ravindranath M.H., Muthugounder S., Presser N., Ye X., Brosman S., Morton D.L. Endogenous immune response to gangliosides in patients with confined prostate cancer. International Journal of Cancer 2005, 116(3):368-377.
89. Romas N.A. Prostatic acid phosphatase: Current concepts. Seminars in Urology 1983, 1(3):177-185.
90. Roper S.M., Zemskova M., Neely B.A., Martin A., Gao P., Jones E.E., et al. Targeted glycoprotein enrichment and identification in stromal cell secretomes using azido sugar metabolic labeling. Proteomics Clinical Applications 2013, 7:367-371.
91. Sakr W.A., Haas G.P., Cassin B.F., Pontes J.E., Crissman J.D. The frequency of carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the prostate in young male patients. Journal of Urology 1993, 150(2 Pt. 1):379-385.
92. Saldova R., Fan Y., Fitzpatrick J.M., Watson R.W., Rudd P.M. Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology 2011, 21(2):195-205.
93. Schröder F.H., Hugosson J., Roobol M.J., Tammela T.L., Ciatto S., Nelen V., et al. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. New England Journal of Medicine 2009, 360(13):1320-1328.
94. Schultz M.J., Swindall A.F., Bellis S.L. Regulation of the metastatic cell phenotype by sialylated glycans. Cancer Metastasis Reviews 2012, 31:501-518.
95. Schwamborn K., Caprioli R.M. Molecular imaging by mass spectrometry-Looking beyond classical histology. Nature Reviews Cancer 2010, 10(9):639-646.
96. Shiraishi T., Kinter M.T., Mills S.E., Lippert M.C., Bova G.S., Young W.W. The glycosphingolipids of human prostate tissue. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1988, 961(2):160-169.
97. Siegel R., Naishadham D., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2013, 63(1):11-30.
98. Song E., Mayampurath A., Yu C.Y., Tang H., Mechref Y. Glycoproteomics: Identifying the glycosylation of prostate specific antigen at normal and high isoelectric points by LC-MS/MS. Journal of Proteome Research 2014, 13(12):5570-5580.
99. Stamey T.A., McNeal J.E., Yemoto C.M., Sigal B.M., Johnstone I.M. Biological determinants of cancer progression in men with prostate cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association 1999, 281(15):1395-1400.
100. Stamey T.A., Yang N., Hay A.R., McNeal J.E., Freiha F.S., Redwine E. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. New England Journal of Medicine 1987, 317(15):909-916.
101. Steentoft C., Vakhrushev S.Y., Joshi H.J., Kong Y., Vester-Christensen M.B., Schjoldager K.T., et al. Precision mapping of the human O-GalNAc glycoproteome through SimpleCell technology. EMBO Journal 2013, 32(10):1478-1488.
102. Stephenson A.J., Scardino P.T., Eastham J.A., Bianco F.J., Dotan Z.A., Fearm P.A., et al. Preoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2006, 98:715-717.
103. Stura E.A., Muller B.H., Bossus M., Michel S., Jolivet-Reynaud C., Ducancel F., et al. Crystal structure of human prostate-specific antigen in a sandwich antibody complex. Journal of Molecular Biology 2011, 414:530-544.
104. Sun C., Song C., Ma Z., Xu K., Zhang Y., Jine H., et al. Periostin identified as a potential biomarker of prostate cancer by iTRAQ-proteomics analysis of prostate biopsy. Proteome Science 2011, 9:22.
105. Tajiri M., Ohyama C., Wada Y. Oligosaccharide profiles of the prostate specific antigen in free and complexed forms from the prostate cancer patient serum and in seminal plasma: A glycopeptide approach. Glycobiology 2008, 18:2-8.
106. Takahashi M., Kuroki Y., Ohtsubo K., Taniguchi N. Core fucose and bisecting GlcNAc, the direct modifiers of the N-glycan core: Their functions and target proteins. Carbohydrate Research 2009, 344:1387-1390.
107. Takayama T.K., Fujikawa K., Davie E.W. Characterization of the precursor of prostate specific antigen. Activation by trypsin and by human glandular kallikrein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997, 272:21582-21588.
108. Tavoosidana G., Ronquist G., Darmanis S., Yan J., Carlsson L., Wu D., et al. Multiple recognition assay reveals prostatsomes as promising plasma biomarkers for prostate cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011, 108:8809-8814.
109. Tischler V., Fritzsche F.R., Wild P.J., Stephan C., Seifert H.H., Riener M.O., et al. Periostin is up-regulated in high grade and high stage prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2010, 9(10):273.
110. Tricoli J.V., Schoenfeldt M., Conley B.A. Detection of prostate cancer and predicting progression: Current and future diagnostic markers. Clinical Cancer Research 2004, 10(12 Pt. 1):3943-3953.
111. Tsunoda T., Furusato B., Takashima Y., Ravulapalli S., Dobi A., Srivastava S., et al. The increased expression of periostin during early stages of prostate cancer and advanced stages of cancer stroma. Prostate 2009, 69(13):1398-1403.
112. Vermassen T., Speeckaert M.M., Lumen N., Rottey S., Delanghe J.R. Glycosylation of prostate specific antigen and its potential diagnostic applications. Clinica Chimica Acta 2012, 413(19-20):1500-1505.
113. Vermassen T., Van Praet C., Lumen N., Decaestecker K., Vanderschaeghe D., Callewaert N., et al. Urinary prostate protein glycosylation profiling as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Prostate 2014, in press.
114. Vlassov A.V., Magdaleno S., Setterquist R., Conrad R. Exosomes: Current knowledge of their composition, biological functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2012, 1820:940-948.
115. Walker P., Karnik S., deKernion J.B., Pramberg J.C. Cell surface blood group antigens in prostatic carcinoma. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1984, 81:503-506.
116. Wallace T.A., Prueitt R.L., Yi M., Howe T.M., Gillespie J.W., Yfantis H.G., et al. Tumor immunobiological differences in prostate cancer between African-American and European-American men. Cancer Research 2008, 68(3):927-936.
117. Wandall H.H., Blixt O., Tarp M.A., Pedersen J.W., Bennett E.P., Mandel U., et al. Cancer biomarkers defined by autoantibody signatures to aberrant O-glycopeptide epitopes. Cancer Research 2010, 70(4):1306-1313.
118. Wang D. N-glycan cryptic antigens as active immunological targets in prostate cancer patients. Journal of Proteomics and Bioinformatics 2012, 5:90-95.
119. Wang X., Chen J., Li Q.K., Peskoe S.B., Zhang B., Choi C., et al. Overexpression of α (1,6) fucosyltransferase associated with aggressive prostate cancer. Glycobiology 2014, 24(10):935-944.
120. Wang D., Dafik L., Nolley R., Huang W., Wolfinger R.D., Wang L.X., et al. Anti-oligomannose antibodies as potential serum biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer. Drug Development Research 2013, 74:65-80.
121. White K.Y., Rodemich L., Nyalwidhe J.O., Comunale M.A., Clements M.A., Lance R.S., et al. Glycomic characterization of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in prostate cancer and benign disease seminal plasma fluids. Journal of Proteome Research 2009, 8:620-630.
122. Wu K., Hu F.B., Willett W.C., Giovannucci E. Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in U.S. men. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2006, 15(1):167-171.
123. Yang L., Nyalwidhe J.O., Guo S., Drake R.R., Semmes O.J. Targeted identification of metastasis-associated cell-surface sialoglycoproteins in prostate cancer. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 2011, 10(6). M110.007294.
124. Yoneyama T., Ohyama C., Hatakeyama S., Narita S., Habuchi T., Koie T., et al. Measurement of aberrant glycosylation of prostate specific antigen can improve specificity in early detection of prostate cancer. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2014, 448(4):390-396.
125. Yoshida K.I., Honda M., Arai K., Hosoya Y., Moriguchi H., Sumi S., et al. Serial lectin affinity chromatography with concavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin demonstrates altered asparagine-linked sugar-chain structures of prostatic acid phosphatase in human prostate carcinoma. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 1997, 695(2):439-443.
126. Young W.W., Mills S., Lippert M.C., Ahmed P., Lau S.K. Deletion of antigens of the Lewis a/b blood group family in human prostatic carcinoma. American Journal of Pathology 1988, 131:578-586.
127. Zhang H.G., Grizzle W.E. Exosomes and cancer a newly described pathway of immune suppression. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17:959-964.
128. Zhang G., Zhang H., Wang Q., Lal P., Carroll A.M., de la Llera-Moya M., et al. Suppression of human prostate tumor growth by a unique prostate-specific monoclonal antibody F77 targeting a glycolipid marker. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010, 107(2):732-737.
129. Zlotta A.R., Egawa S., Pushkar D., Govorov A., Kimura T., Kido M., et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer on autopsy: Cross-sectional study on unscreened Caucasian and Asian men. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2013, 105(14):1050-1058.