Antioxidant responses of Annelids, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae to pollutants: A review

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Volumn 114, Issue , 2015, Pages 273-303

  Bernard, F ^a,b   Brulle, F ^a,b   Dumez, S ^a,b   Lemiere, S ^a   Platel, A ^a,b   Nesslany, F ^a,b   Cuny, D ^a,b   Deram, A ^a,b   Vandenbulcke, F ^a  

^a UNIV LILLE   (France)

^b UFR3S Pharmacie   (France)

Author keywords

Brassica oleracea; Eisenia fetida; Gene expression; Oxidative stress; Trifolium repens; Xenobiotics

Indexed keywords

ATRAZINE; CADMIUM; CATALASE; CHLORTETRACYCLINE; COPPER; FULLERENE; GALAXOLIDE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; LEAD; MERCURY; METALLOTHIONEIN; PESTICIDE; PHENANTHRENE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; PYRENE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; SELENIUM; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL A; TETRACYCLINE; THIOREDOXIN PEROXIDASE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE; TRACE ELEMENT; TRICLOSAN; TRINITROTOLUENE; XENOBIOTIC AGENT; ZINC; ANTIOXIDANT; SOIL POLLUTANT;

ANGIOSPERM; ANNELID; ANTIOXIDANT; ECOTOXICOLOGY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; POLLUTION EFFECT; XENOBIOTICS;

ABIOTIC STRESS; ANNELID; ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BIOTIC STRESS; BRASSICA OLERACEA; BRASSICACEAE; DNA STRUCTURE; ECOTOXICOLOGY; EISENIA FETIDA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FABACEAE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOTOXICITY; LIPID PEROXIDATION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; POLLUTION; REVIEW; WHITE CLOVER; ANIMAL; BRASSICA; CLOVER; DRUG EFFECTS; ENZYMOLOGY; GENETICS; METABOLISM; OLIGOCHAETA; SOIL POLLUTANT; TOXICITY;

ANIMALIA; ANNELIDA; BRASSICA OLERACEA; BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA; BRASSICACEAE; EISENIA FETIDA; FABACEAE; SCOPUS; TRIFOLIUM REPENS;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; BRASSICA; BRASSICACEAE; FABACEAE; OLIGOCHAETA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; SOIL POLLUTANTS; TRIFOLIUM;

EID: 84923229515     PISSN: 01476513     EISSN: 10902414     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.024     Document Type: Review

References (251)

1. Agarwal S. Increased antioxidant activity in Cassia seedlings under UV-B radiation. Biol. Plant. 2007, 51:157-160.
2. Ahammed G.J., Wang M.M., Zhou Y.H., Xia X.J., Mao W.H., Shi K., Yu J.Q. The growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense responses of five vegetable crops to phenanthrene stress. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2012, 80:132-139.
3. Ait Ali N., Ater M., Sunahara G.I., Robidoux P.Y. Phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of copper and chromium using barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in spiked artificial and natural forest soils. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2004, 57:363-374.
4. Alloway B.J., Ayres D.C. Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution 1997, Chapman and Hall, London.
5. Alscher R.G., Erturk N., Heath L.S. Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 2002, 53:1331-1341.
6. Anderson R.S., Patel K.M., Roesijadi G. Oyster metallothionein as an oxyradical scavenger: implications for hemocyte defense responses. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 1999, 23:443-449.
7. Anderson T.D., Zhu K.Y. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of atrazine on the toxicity of organophosphorodithioate and organophosphorothioate insecticides to Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 2004, 80:54-64.
8. Antunes S.C., Castro B.B., Nunes B., Pereira R., Gonçalves F. in situ bioassay with Eisenia andrei to assess soil toxicity in an abandoned uranium mine. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2008, 71:620-631.
9. Aravind P., Prasad M.N.V. Zinc alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Ceratophyllum demersum L.: a free floating freshwater macrophyte. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2003, 41:391-397.
10. Armstrong R.N. Structure, catalytic mechanism, and evolution of the glutathione transferases. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1997, 10:2-18.
11. Arnold R.E., Hodson M.E., Black S., Davies N.A. The influence of mineral solubility and soil solution concentration on the toxicity of copper to Eisenia fetida Savigny. Pedobiologia 2003, 47:622-632.
12. Arzate-Cárdenas M.A., Martínez-Jerónimo F. Energy reserve modification in different age groups of Daphnia schoedleri (Anomopoda: Daphniidae) exposed to hexavalent chromium. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 34:106-116.
13. Ash C.P.J., Lee D.L. Lead, cadmium, copper and iron in earthworms from road side sites. Environ. Pollut. 1980, 22:59-67.
14. 2. Plant Physiol. 2004, 135:1685-1696.
15. Ayele M., Haas B.J., Kumar N., Wu H., Xiao Y., Van Aken S., Utterback T.R., Wortman J.R., White O.R., Town C.D. Whole genome shotgun sequencing of Brassica oleracea and its application to gene discovery and annotation in Arabidopsis. Genome Res. 2005, 15:487-495.
16. Balestrasse K.B., Gardey L., Gallego S.M., Tomaro M.L. Response of antioxidant defence system in soybean nodules and roots subjected to cadmium stress. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 2001, 28:497-504.
17. Banerjee S., Goswami R. GST profile expression study in some selected plants: in silico approach. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2010, 336:109-126.
18. Bartha B., Huber C., Harpaintner R., Schröder P. Effects of acetaminophen in Brassica juncea L. Czern.: investigation of uptake, translocation, detoxification, and the induced defense pathways. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2010, 17:1553-1562.
19. Batish D.R., Singh H.P., Setia N., Kaur S., Kohli R.K. 2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and changes in some antioxidant enzyme activities in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2006, 44:819-827.
20. Bernard F., Brulle F., Douay F., Lemière S., Demuynck S., Vandenbulcke F. Metallic trace element body burdens and gene expression analysis of biomarker candidates in Eisenia fetida, using an "exposure/depuration" experimental scheme with field soils. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2010, 73:1034-1045.
21. Berthelot Y., Valton E., Auroy A., Trottier B., Robidoux P.Y. Integration of toxicological and chemical tools to assess the bioavailability of metals and energetic compounds in contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2008, 74:166-177.
22. Bhuiyan M.S.U., Min S.R., Jeong W.J., Sultana S., Choi K.S., Lee Y., Liu J.R. Overexpression of AtATM3 in Brassica juncea confers enhanced heavy metal tolerance and accumulation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2011, 107:69-77.
23. Bidar G., Garçon G., Pruvot C., Dewaele D., Cazier F., Douay F., Shirali P. Behavior of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne growing in a heavy metal contaminated field: plant metal concentration and phytotoxicity. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 147:546-553.
24. Bidar G., Pruvot C., Garçon G., Verdin A., Shirali P., Douay F. Seasonal and annual variations of metal uptake, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne growing in a heavy metal-contaminated field. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2009, 16:42-53.
25. 2 byproducts on the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environ. Pollut. 2011, 159:2698-2705.
26. 2 nanoparticles. J. Nanopart. Res. 2012, 14.
27. Bolwell G.P., Wojtaszek P. Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence - a broad perspective. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 1997, 51:347-366.
28. Boojar M.M.A., Goodarzi F. Comparative evaluation of oxidative stress status and manganese availability in plants growing on manganese mine. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2008, 71:692-699.
29. Booth L.H., O'Halloran K. A comparison of biomarker responses in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa to the organophosphorus insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2001, 20(11):2494-2502.
30. Brigelius-Flohe R. Tissue-specific functions of individual glutathione peroxidases. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1999, 27:951-965.
31. Brulle, F., 2005. Evaluation des risques engendrés par la présence de métaux polluants: identification de biomarqueurs potentiels chez des invertébrés. Master degree report. University of Lille, 1 pp.
32. Brulle F., Mitta G., Cocquerelle C., Vieau D., Lemière S., Leprêtre A., Vandenbulcke F. Cloning and real-time PCR testing of 14 potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida following cadmium exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:2844-2850.
33. Brulle F., Mitta G., Leroux R., Lemière S., Leprêtre A., Vandenbulcke F. The strong induction of metallothionein gene following cadmium exposure transiently affects the expression of many genes in Eisenia fetida: a trade-off mechanism?. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. - C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2007, 144:334-341.
34. Brulle F., Cocquerelle C., Mitta G., Castric V., Douay F., Leprêtre A., Vandenbulcke F. Identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in Eisenia fetida coelomocytes. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2008, 32:1441-1453.
35. Brulle F., Cocquerelle C., Wamalah A.N., Morgan A.J., Kille P., Leprêtre A., Vandenbulcke F. cDNA cloning and expression analysis of Eisenia fetida (Annelida: Oligochaeta) phytochelatin synthase under cadmium exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2008, 71:47-55.
36. Brulle F., Lemière S., Waterlot C., Douay F., Vandenbulcke F. Gene expression analysis of 4 biomarker candidates in Eisenia fetida exposed to an environmental metallic trace elements gradient: a microcosm study. Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 409:5470-5482.
37. Brunetti P., Zanella L., Proia A., De Paolis A., Falasca G., Altamura M.M., Sanità di Toppi L., Costantino P., Cardarelli M. Cadmium tolerance and phytochelatin content of Arabidopsis seedlings over-expressing the phytochelatin synthase gene AtPCS1. J. Exp. Bot. 2011, 62:5509-5519.
38. Buetler T.M., Eaton D.L. Glutathione S-transferases: amino acid sequence comparison, classification, and phylogenetic relationship. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part C Environ. Carcinogen. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 1992, 10:181-203.
39. Bulgakov V.P., Gorpenchenko T.Y., Veremeichik G.N., Shkryl Y.N., Tchernoded G.K., Bulgakov D.V., Aminin D.L., Zhuravlev Y.N. The rolB gene suppresses reactive oxygen species in transformed plant cells through the sustained activation of antioxidant defense. Plant Physiol. 2012, 158:1371-1381.
40. Bundy J.G., Sidhu J.K., Rana F., Spurgeon D.J., Svendsen C., Wren J.F., Stürzenbaum S.R., Morgan AJand Kille P. [U+05F3]Systems toxicology' approach identifies coordinated metabolic responses to copper in a terrestrial non-model invertebrate, the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. BMC Biol. 2008, 6:25.
41. Bundy J.G., Kille P., Liebeke M., Spurgeon D.J. Metallothioneins may not be enough: the role of phytochelatins in invertebrate metal detoxification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48:885-886.
42. Chandran D., Sharopova N., Ivashuta S., Gantt J.S., VandenBosch K.A., Samac D.A. Transcriptome profiling identified novel genes associated with aluminum toxicity, resistance and tolerance in Medicago truncatula. Planta 2008, 228:151-166.
43. Chen C., Xue S., Zhou Q., Xie X. Multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of polycyclic musk in the earthworm Eisenia fetida using traditional and molecular endpoints. Ecotoxicology 2011, 20:1949-1958.
44. Chen C., Zhou Q., Liu S., Xiu Z. Acute toxicity, biochemical and gene expression responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to polycyclic musks. Chemosphere 2011, 83:1147-1154.
45. Chen C., Zhou Q.X. Lipid peroxidation and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in response to polycyclic musks in earthworm Eisenia fetida. Huanjing Huaxue 2012, 33(8):2855-2861.
46. Chen L., Guo Y., Yang L., Wang Q. Synergistic defensive mechanism of phytochelatins and antioxidative enzymes in Brassica chinensis L. against Cd stress. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2008, 53:1503-1511.
47. Chiang H.C., Lo J.C., Yeh K.C. Genes associated with heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri: a genomic survey with cDNA microarray. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:6792-6798.
48. Cho U.H., Seo N.H. Oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to cadmium is due to hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Plant Sci. 2005, 168:113-120.
49. Christensen O. The direct effects of earthworms on nitrogen turnover in cultivated soils. Ecol. Bull. - Swed. Nat. Sci. Res. Council 1988, 39:41-44.
50. Clemens S. Evolution and function of phytochelatin synthases. J. Plant Physiol. 2006, 163:319-332.
51. Cobbett C., Goldsbrough P. Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2002, 53:159-182.
52. Colacevich A., Sierra M.J., Borghini F., Millán R., Sanchez-Hernández J.C. Oxidative stress in earthworms short- and long-term exposed to highly Hg-contaminated soils. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 194:135-143.
53. Corpas F.J., Palma J.M., Del Río L.A. Evidence for the presence of proteolytic activity in peroxisomes. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 1993, 61:81-85.
54. Cortet J., Gomot-De Vauflery A., Poinsot-Balaguer N., Gomot L., Texier C., Cluzeau D. The use of invertebrate soil fauna in monitoring pollutant effects. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 1999, 35:115-134.
55. Coyle P., Philcox J.C., Carey L.C., Rofe A.M. Metallothionein: the multipurpose protein. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2002, 59:627-647.
56. Cummins I., Cole D.J., Edwards R. Plant J. 1999, 18:285-292.
57. Cuypers A., Karen S., Jos R., Kelly O., Els K., Tony R., Nele H., Nathalie V., Suzy V.S., Frank V.B., Yves G., Jan C., Jaco V. The cellular redox state as a modulator in cadmium and copper responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. J. Plant Physiol. 2011, 168:309-316.
58. Deak A., Hall M.H., Sanderson M.A., Archibald D.D. Production and nutritive value of grazed simple and complex forage mixtures. Agron. J. 2007, 99:814-821.
59. Del Río L.A., Sandalio L.M., Corpas F.J., Palma J.M., Barroso J.B. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in peroxisomes. Production, scavenging, and role in cell signaling. Plant Physiol. 2006, 141:330-335.
60. Dixit V., Pandey V., Shyam R. Differential antioxidative responses to cadmium in roots and leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad). J. Exp. Bot. 2001, 52:1101-1109.
61. Dixon D.P., Skipsey M., Edwards R. Roles for glutathione transferases in plant secondary metabolism. Phytochemistry 2010, 71:338-350.
62. Doke N. Generation of superoxide anion by potato tuber protoplasts during the hypersensitive response to hyphal wall components of Phytophthora infestans and specific inhibition of the reaction by suppressors of hypersensitivity. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 1983, 23:359-367.
63. 2 - generating system in the induction of necrotic lesions on tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 1988, 32:163-175.
64. Dong L., Gao J., Xie X., Zhou Q. DNA damage and biochemical toxicity of antibiotics in soil on the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Chemosphere 2012, 89:44-51.
65. Dorling S.J., Leung S., Anderson C.W.N., Albert N.W., McManus M.T. Changes in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxlate (ACC) oxidase expression and enzyme activity in response to excess manganese in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2011, 49:1013-1019.
66. Drazỳkiewicz M., Skórzyńska-Polit E., Krupa Z. Response of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to excess copper in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Plant Sci. 2003, 164:195-202.
67. 2. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 2003, 8:777-781.
68. Drazỳkiewicz M., Skórzyńska-Polit E., Krupa Z. Copper-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in Arabidopsis thaliana. BioMetals 2004, 17:379-387.
69. Drazỳkiewicz M., Skórzyńska-Polit E., Krupa Z. The redox state and activity of superoxide dismutase classes in Arabidopsis thaliana under cadmium or copper stress. Chemosphere 2007, 67:188-193.
70. Edwards C.A., Lofty J.R. Biology of Earthworms 1977, 1977:333. Chapman and Hall, New York.
71. Edwards C.A. Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworm. Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management 1988, 1988:21-31. SPB, The Hague.
72. Edwards C.A., Bohlen P.J.,1996. Biology and ecology of earthworms. Third ed. Chapman and Hall, New York, p. 426.
73. Edwards C.A. The use of earthworms in the breakdown and management of organic wastes. Earthworm Ecology 1998, 327-354. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. C.A. Edwards (Ed.).
74. Edwards R., Dixon D.P., Walbot V. Plant glutathione S-transferases: enzymes with multiple functions in sickness and in health. Trends Plant Sci. 2000, 5:193-198.
75. Eyidogan F., Öz M.T. Effect of salinity on antioxidant responses of chickpea seedlings. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2007, 29:485-493.
76. Faheed F.A. The effect of aluminium on oxidative stress-related enzyme activity in two clover species. Turk. J. Bot. 2008, 32:345-352.
77. Ferreira R.R., Fornazier R.F., Vitória A.P., Lea P.J., Azevedo R.A. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in soybean under cadmium stress. J. Plant Nutr. 2002, 25:327-342.
78. Forster J.W., Panter S., Mouradov A., Mason J., Spangenberg G.C. Transgenic technologies for enhanced molecular breeding of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Crop Pasture Sci. 2013, 64:26-38.
79. Foyer C.H., Noctor G. Redox homeostasis and antioxidant signaling: a metabolic interface between stress perception and physiological responses. Plant Cell 2005, 17:1866-1875.
80. Fridovich I. Superoxide radical and SODs. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1995, 64:97-112.
81. Gaete H., Hidalgo M.E., Neaman A., Ávila G. Assessment of copper toxicity in soils using biomarkers of oxidative stress in Eisenia foetida. Evaluación de la toxicidad de cobre en suelos a través de biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en Eisenia foetida. Quim. Nova 2010, 33:566-570.
82. Gill S.S., Tuteja N. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2010, 48:909-930.
83. Gish C.D., Christensen R.E. Cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc in earthworms from roadside soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1973, 117:1060-1062.
84. Gomes T., Pereira C.G., Cardoso C., Pinheiro J.P., Cancio I., Bebianno M.J. Accumulation and toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in the digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Aquat. Toxicol. 2012, 118-119:72-79.
85. Gong P., Guan X., Inouye L.S., Pirooznia M., Indest K.J., Athow R.S., Deng Y., Perkins E.J. Toxicogenomics analysis provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of the sublethal toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in Eisenia fetida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:8195-8202.
86. Gong P., Guan X., Inouye L.S., Deng Y., Pirooznia M., Perkins E.J. Transcriptomic analysis of RDX and TNT interactive sublethal effects in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. BMC Genomics 2008, 9. (article no. S15).
87. Goupil P., Souguir D., Ferjani E., Faure O., Hitmi A., Ledoigt G. Expression of stress-related genes in tomato plants exposed to arsenic and chromium in nutrient solution. J. Plant Physiol. 2009, 166:1446-1452.
88. Grill E., Winnacker E.L., Zenk M.H. Phytochelatins: the principal heavy-metal complexing peptides of higher plants. Science 1985, 230:674-676.
89. Hajiboland R., Amjad L. Does antioxidant capacity of leaves play a role in growth response to selenium at different sulfur nutritional status?. Plant Soil Environ. 2007, 53:207-215.
90. Hall J.L. Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. J. Exp. Bot. 2002, 53:1-11.
91. Halliwell B. Oxidants and human disease: some new concepts. FASEB J. 1987, 1:358-364.
92. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 4th ed 2006, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
93. Hamer D. Metallothionein. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1986, 55:913-951.
94. Harmoney K.R., Moore K.J., Brummer E.C., Lee Burras C., George J.R. Spatial legume composition and diversity across seeded landscapes. Agron. J. 2001, 93:992-1000.
95. Hasanuzzaman M., Hossain M.A., Fujita M. Exogenous selenium pretreatment protects rapeseed seedlings from cadmium-induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2012, 149:248-261.
96. Hayashi Y., Heckmann L.H., Simonsen V., Scott-Fordsmand J.J. Time-course profiling of molecular stress responses to silver nanoparticles in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2013, 98:219-226.
97. Herbette S., Lenne C., Leblanc N., Julien J.L., Drevet J.R., Roeckel-Drevet P. Two GPX-like proteins from Lycopersicon esculentum and Helianthus annuus are antioxidant enzymes with phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin peroxidase activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 2002, 269:2414-2420.
98. Hernández J.A., Almansa M.S., Del Río L., Sevilla F. Effect of salinity on metalloenzymes of oxygen metabolism in two leguminous plants. J. Plant Nutr. 1993, 16:2539-2554.
99. Hsu Y.T., Kao C.H. Cadmium toxicity is reduced by nitric oxide in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul. 2004, 42:227-238.
100. Hoagland, R.R., Arnon, D.I., 1950. The water culture methods for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular no. 347, pp. 1-32.
101. Höckner M., Stefanon K., Schuler D., Fantur R., de Vaufleury A., Dallinger R. Coping with cadmium exposure in various ways: the two helicid snails Helix pomatia and Cantareus aspersus share the metal transcription factor-2, but differ in promoter organization and transcription of their Cd-metallothionein genes. J. Exp. Zool. Part A: Ecol. Genet. Physiol. 2009, 311:776-787.
102. Hughes S.L., Bundy J.G., Want E.J., Kille P., Sturzenbaum S.R. The metabolomic responses of Caenorhabditis elegans to cadmium are largely independent of metallothionein status, but dominated by changes in cystathionine and phytochelatins. J. Proteome Res. 2009, 8:3512-3519.
103. Iannelli M.A., Pietrini F., Fiore L., Petrilli L., Massacci A. Antioxidant response to cadmium in Phragmites australis plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2002, 40:977-982.
104. Ireland M.P. Metal accumulation by the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus, Dendrobaena veneta, and EisenieIla tetradra living in heavy metal polluted sites. Environ. Pollut. 1979, 13:201-206.
105. Irizar A., Izagirre U., Diaz de Cerio O., Marigómez I., Soto M. Zonation in the digestive tract of Eisenia fetida: implications in biomarker measurements for toxicity assessment. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C 2014, 160:42-53.
106. Kamata H., Hirata H. Redox regulation of cellular signalling. Cell. Signal. 1999, 11:1-14.
107. Kautenburger R. Genetic structure among earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) from different sampling sites in western Germany based on random amplified polymorphic DNA. Pedobiologia 2006, 50:257-266.
108. Kappus H. A survey of chemicals inducing lipid peroxidation in biological systems. Chem. Phys. Lipids 1987, 45:105-115.
109. Kaveh R., Li Y.S., Ranjbar S., Tehrani R., Brueck C.L., Van Aken B. Changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression in response to silver nanoparticles and silver ions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47:10637-10644.
110. Khan N.A., Singh S., Nazar R. Activities of antioxidative enzymes, sulphur assimilation, photosynthetic activity and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars differing in yield potential under cadmium stress. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2007, 193:435-444.
111. Klaassen C.D., Liu J., Choudhuri S. Metallothionein: an intracellular protein to protect against cadmium toxicity. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1999, 39:267-294.
112. Kliebenstein D.J., Dietrich R.A., Martin A.C., Last R.L., Dangl J.L. LSD1 regulates salicylic acid induction of copper zinc superoxide dismutase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 1999, 12:1022-1026.
113. Kumar D., Yusuf M.A., Singh P., Sardar M., Sarin N.B. Modulation of antioxidant machinery in α-tocopherol-enriched transgenic Brassica juncea plants tolerant to abiotic stress conditions. Protoplasma 2013, 250:1079-1089.
114. Kumari M., Taylor G.J., Deyholos M.K. Transcriptomic responses to aluminum stress in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Genet. Genomics 2008, 279:339-357.
115. Kusznierewicz B., Baczek-Kwinta R., Bartoszek A., Piekarska A., Huk A., Manikowska A., Antonkiewicz J., Namieśnik J., Konieczka P. The dose-dependent influence of zinc and cadmium contamination of soil on their uptake and glucosinolate content in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012, 31:2482-2489.
116. Laloi C., Stachowiak M., Pers-Kamczyc E., Warzych E., Murgia I., Apel K. Cross-talk between singlet oxygen- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent signaling of stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104:672-677.
117. Łaszczyca P., Augustyniak M., Babczyńska A., Bednarska K., Kafel A., Migula P., Wilczek G., Witas I. Profiles of enzymatic activity in earthworms from zinc, lead and cadmium polluted areas near Olkusz (Poland). Environ. Int. 2004, 30:901-910.
118. Lavelle P., Spain A.V. Soil Ecology 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
119. Leisinger U., Rüfenacht K., Fischer B., Pesaro M., Spengler A., Zehnder A.J.B., Eggen R.I.L. The glutathione peroxidase homologous gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is transcriptionally up-regulated by singlet oxygen. Plant Mol. Biol. 2001, 46:395-408.
120. Lemiere S., Cossu-Leguille C., Charissou A.M., Vasseur P. DNA damage (comet assay) and 8-oxodGuo (HPLC-EC) in relation to oxidative stress in the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus. Biomarkers 2005, 10:41-57.
121. Li D., Hockaday W.C., Masiello C.A., Alvarez P.J.J. Earthworm avoidance of biochar can be mitigated by wetting. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2011, 43:1732-1737.
122. Li L.Z., Zhou D.M., Peijnenburg W.J.G.M., van Gestel C.A.M., Jin S.Y., Wang Y.J., Wang P. Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida and subcellular fractionation of Zn. Environ. Int. 2011, 37:1098-1104.
123. Li W.J., Feng H., Fan J.H., Zhang R.Q., Zhao N.M., Liu J.Y. Molecular cloning and expression of a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase homolog in Oryza sativa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Gene Struct. Expr. 2000, 1493:225-230.
124. Liang S.H., Chen S.C., Chen C.Y., Kao C.M., Yang J.I., Shieh B.S., Chen J.H., Chen C.C. Cadmium-induced earthworm metallothionein-2 is associated with metal accumulation and counteracts oxidative stress. Pedobiologia 2011, 54:333-340.
125. Liebeke M., Garcia-Perez I., Anderson C.J., Lawlor A.J., Bennett M.H., Morris C.A., Kille P., Svendsen C., Spurgeon D.J., Bundy J.G. Earthworms produce phytochelatins in response to arsenic. PLOS One 2013, 8(11):81271-81283.
126. Lin A.J., Zhang X.Y., Chen M.M., Cao Q. Oxidative stress and DNA damages induced by cadmium accumulation. J. Environ. Sci. 2007, 19:596-602.
127. Lin D., Zhou Q., Xie X., Liu Y. Potential biochemical and genetic toxicity of triclosan as an emerging pollutant on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Chemosphere 2010, 81:1328-1333.
128. Lin D., Xie X., Zhou Q., Liu Y. Biochemical and genotoxic effect of triclosan on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) using contact and soil tests. Environ. Toxicol. 2012, 27:385-392.
129. Lin D., Zhou Q., Xu Y., Chen C., Li Y. Physiological and molecular responses of the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to soil chlortetracycline contamination. Environ. Pollut. 2012, 171:46-51.
130. Liu S., Zhou Q., Wang Y. Ecotoxicological responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to soil contaminated with HHCB. Chemosphere 2011, 83:1080-1086.
131. Liu Y., Zhou Q., Xie X., Lin D., Dong L. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in the earthworm Eisenia fetida induced by toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. Ecotoxicology 2010, 19:1551-1559.
132. Lushchak V.I. Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals. Aquat. Toxicol. 2011, 101:13-30.
133. Lydy M.J., Linck S.L. Assessing impact of triazine herbicides on organophosphate insecticide toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2003, 45:343-349.
134. Maksymiec W., Krupa Z. The effects of short-term exposition to Cd, excess Cu ions and jasmonate on oxidative stress appearing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2006, 57:187-194.
135. Manier N., Deram A., Broos K., Denayer F.O., Wan Haluwyn C. White clover modulation index in heavy metal contaminated soils-a potential bioindicator. J. Environ. Qual. 2009, 38:685-692.
136. Manier N., Brulle F., Le Curieux F., Vandenbulcke F., Deram A. Biomarker measurements in Trifolium repens and Eisenia fetida to assess the toxicity of soil contaminated with landfill leachate: a microcosm study. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2012, 80:339-348.
137. Mano J., Ohno C., Domae Y., Asada K. Chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase is the primary target of methyl viologen-induced photooxidative stress in spinach leaves: its relevance to monodehydroascorbate radical detected with in vivo ESR. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2001, 504:275-287.
138. Marrs K.A. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1996, 47:127-158.
139. Martinez C.A., Loureiro M.E., Oliva M.A., Maestri M. Differential responses of superoxide dismutase in freezing resistant Solanum curtilobum and freezing sensitive Solanum tuberosum subjected to oxidative and water stress. Plant Sci. 2001, 160:505-515.
140. Martí M.C., Camejo D., Fernández-García N., Rellán-Álvarez R., Marques S., Sevilla F., Jiménez A. Effect of oil refinery sludges on the growth and antioxidant system of alfalfa plants. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 171:879-885.
141. Mascher R., Lippmann B., Holzinger S., Bergmann H. Arsenate toxicity: effects on oxidative stress response molecules and enzymes in red clover plants. Plant Sci. 2002, 163:961-969.
142. Matés J.M., Pérez-Gómez C., De Castro I.N. Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases. Clin. Biochem. 1999, 32:595-603.
143. Mittler R., Vanderauwera S., Gollery M., Van Breusegem F. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2004, 9:490-498.
144. Mobin M., Khan N.A. Photosynthetic activity, pigment composition and antioxidative response of two mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars differing in photosynthetic capacity subjected to cadmium stress. J. Plant Physiol. 2007, 164:601-610.
145. Mohamed A.A., Castagna A., Ranieri A., Sanità di Toppi L. Cadmium tolerance in Brassica juncea roots and shoots is affected by antioxidant status and phytochelatin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2012, 57:15-22.
146. Mohan B.S., Hosetti B.B. Potential phytotoxicity of lead and cadmium to Lemna minor grown in sewage stabilization ponds. Environ. Pollut. 1997, 98:233-238.
147. Montalbini P. Ureides and enzymes of ureide synthesis in wheat seeds and leaves and effect of allopurinol on Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici infection. Plant Sci. 1992, 87:225-231.
148. Moons A. Osgstu3 and osgtu4, encoding tau class glutathione S-transferases, are heavy metal- and hypoxic stress-induced and differentially salt stress-responsive in rice roots. FEBS Lett. 2003, 553:427-432.
149. Moudouma C., Gloaguen V., Riou C., Forestier L., Saladin G. High concentration of cadmium induces AtPCS2 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh ecotype Wassilewskija seedlings. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2012, 34:1083-1091.
150. Nakamori T., Fujimori A., Kinoshita K., Ban-nai T., Kubota Y., Yoshida S. mRNA expression of a cadmium-responsive gene is a sensitive biomarker of cadmium exposure in the soil collembolan Folsomia candida. Environ. Pollut. 2010, 158:1689-1695.
151. Navascués J., Pérez-Rontomé C., Sánchez D.H., Staudinger C., Wienkoop S., Rellán Álvarez R., Becana M. Oxidative stress is a consequence, not a cause, of aluminum toxicity in the forage legume Lotus corniculatus. New Phytol. 2012, 193:625-636.
152. Navrot N., Rouhier N., Gelhaye E., Jacquot J.P. Reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant systems in plant mitochondria. Physiol. Plant. 2007, 129:185-195.
153. Neuhauser E.F., Loehr R.C., Milligan D.L., Maleck M.R. Toxicity of metals to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Biol. Fert. Soils 1985, 1:149-152.
154. Noriega G., Balestrasse K., Batlle A., Tomaro M. Cadmium induced oxidative stress in soybean plants also by the accumulation of δ-aminolevulinic acid. BioMetals 2007, 20:841-851.
155. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 1984a. OECD Guideline for Testing Chemicals. Section 2: Effects on Biotic Systems, Method, 207. Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests. Paris, France, 207 pp.
156. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 1984b. Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test. Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, no. 208. OECD, Paris.
157. Opdenakker K., Remans T., Keunen E., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. Exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to Cd or Cu excess leads to oxidative stress mediated alterations in MAPKinase transcript levels. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2012, 83:53-61.
158. Owen J., Hedley B.A., Svendsen C., Wren J., Jonker M.J., Hankard P.K., Lister L.J., Stürzenbaum S.R., Morgan A.J., Spurgeon D.J., Blaxter M.L., Kille P. Transcriptome profiling of developmental and xenobiotic responses in a keystone soil animal, the oligochaete annelid Lumbricus rubellus. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:266. 10.1186/1471-2164-9-266.
159. Palmiter R.D. The elusive function of metallothioneins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:8428-8430.
160. Pan, S.-M., Chung, M.-H., 2002. The Character of Manganese Superoxide Dismutases in Arabidopsis. Submitted (SEP-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
161. Pan Y., Wu L.J., Yu Z.L. Effect of salt and drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activities and SOD isoenzymes of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). Plant Growth Regul. 2006, 49:157-165.
162. Panda S.K., Matsumoto H. Changes in antioxidant gene expression and induction of oxidative stress in pea (Pisum sativum L.) under Al stress. BioMetals 2010, 23:753-762.
163. Pandey V., Dixit V., Shyam R. Antioxidative responses in relation to growth of mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jaikisan) plants exposed to hexavalent chromium. Chemosphere 2005, 61:40-47.
164. Paoletti M.G. The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as bioindicators. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 1999, 74:137-155.
165. Parker D.R., Norvell W.A. Advances in so lution culture methods for plan t mine ral nutrie nt research. Adv. Agron. 1999, 65(15):1-313.
166. Paskova V., Hilscherova K., Feldmannova M., Blaha L. Toxic effects and oxidative stress in higher plants exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their N-heterocyclic derivatives. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25(12):3238-3245.
167. Phang I.C., Leung D.W.M., Taylor H.H., Burritt D.J. The protective effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings exposed to toxic level of Pb is not linked to avoidance of Pb uptake. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2011, 74:1310-1315.
168. Pinto A.P., Alves A.S., Candeias A.J., Cardoso A.I., de Varennes A., Martins L.L., Mourato M.P., Gonçalves M.L.S., Mota A.M. Cadmium accumulation and antioxidative defences in Brassica juncea L. Czern, Nicotiana tabacum L. and Solanum nigrum L. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2009, 89:661-676.
169. Posmyk M.M., Kontek R., Janas K.M. Antioxidant enzymes activity and phenolic compounds content in red cabbage seedlings exposed to copper stress. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2009, 72:596-602.
170. Puckett E.E., Serapiglia M.J., DeLeon A.M., Long S., Minocha R., Smart L.B. Differential expression of genes encoding phosphate transporters contributes to arsenic tolerance and accumulation in shrub willow (Salix spp.). Environ. Exp. Bot. 2012, 75:248-257.
171. Puskas F., Braun L., Csala M., Kardon T., Marcolongo P., Benedetti A., Mandl J., Banhegyi G. Gulonolactone oxidase activity-dependent intravesicular glutathione oxidation in rat liver microsomes. FEBS Lett. 1998, 430:293-296.
172. Raab A., Feldmann J., Meharg A.A. The nature of arsenic-phytochelatin complexes in Holcus lanatus and Pteris cretica. Plant Physiol. 2004, 134:1113-1122.
173. Radetski C.M., Cotelle S., Férard J.F. Classical and biochemical endpoints in the evaluation of phytotoxic effects caused by the herbicide trichloroacetate. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2000, 44:221-229.
174. Ramel F., Sulmon C., Cabello-Hurtado F., Taconnat L., Martin-Magniette M.L., Renou J.P., El Amrani A., Couée I., Gouesbet G. Genome-wide interacting effects of sucrose and herbicide-mediated stress in Arabidopsis thaliana: novel insights into atrazine toxicity and sucrose-induced tolerance. BMC Genomics 2007, 8.
175. Rea P.A., Vatamaniuk O.K., Rigden D.J. Weeds, worms, and more. Papain's long-lost cousin, phytochelatin synthase. Plant Physiol. 2004, 136:2463-2474.
176. Remans T., Opdenakker K., Guisez Y., Carleer R., Schat H., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. Exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to excess Zn reveals a Zn-specific oxidative stress signature. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2012, 84:61-71.
177. Rhee S.G., Chae H.Z., Kim K. Peroxiredoxins: a historical overview and speculative preview of novel mechanisms and emerging concepts in cell signaling. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2005, 38:1543-1552.
178. Ribera D., Narbonne J.F., Arnaud C., Saint-Denis M. Biochemical responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida andrei exposed to contaminated artificial soil, effects of carbaryl. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2001, 33:1123-1130.
179. Rodriguez Milla M.A., Maurer A., Huete A.R., Gustafson J.P. Glutathione peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis are ubiquitous and regulated by abiotic stresses through diverse signaling pathways. Plant J. 2003, 36:602-615.
180. Rodríguez-Serrano M., Romero-Puertas M.C., Zabalza A.N.A., Corpas F.J., Gómez M., Del Río L.A., Sandalio L.M. Cadmium effect on oxidative metabolism of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots. Imaging of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide accumulation in vivo. Plant Cell Environ. 2006, 29:1532-1544.
181. Russo M., Sgherri C., Izzo R., Navari-Izzo F. Brassica napus subjected to copper excess: phospholipases C and D and glutathione system in signalling. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2008, 62:238-246.
182. Römbke J., Jänsch S., Didden W. The use of earthworms in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2005, 62:249-265.
183. Roxas V.P., Smith R.K., Allen E.R., Allen R.D. Nat. Biotechnol. 1997, 15:988-991.
184. Rzepka M.A. Mécanismes d'accumulation et de toxicité des composés organiques volatils chez les végétaux supérieurs 2007, 2. University of Lille, (Ph.D. degree report).
185. Saint-Denis M., Narbonne J.F., Arnaud C., Thybaud E., Ribera D. Biochemical responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida andrei exposed to contaminated artificial soil: effects of benzo(a)pyrene. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1999, 31:1837-1846.
186. Saint-Denis M., Narbonne J.F., Arnaud C., Ribera D. Biochemical responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida andrei exposed to contaminated artificial soil: effects of lead acetate. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2001, 33:395-404.
187. Sanchez-Hernández J.C. Earthworm biomarkers in ecological risk assessment. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2006, 188:85-126.
188. Sanderson M.A., Soder K.J., Muller L.D., Klement K.D., Skinner R.H., Goslee S.C. Forage mixture productivity and botanical composition in pastures grazed by dairy cattle. Agron. J. 2005, 97:1465-1471.
189. Sanderson M.A., Brink G., Ruth L., Stout R. Grass-legume mixtures suppress weeds during establishment better than monocultures. Agron. J. 2012, 104:36-42.
190. Sawbridge T., Ong E.K., Binnion C., Emmerling M., Meath K., Nunan K., O'Neill M., O'Toole F., Simmonds J., Wearne K., Winkworth A., Spangenberg G. Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Plant Sci. 2003, 165:1077-1087.
191. Schrader M., Fahimi H.D. Mammalian peroxisomes and reactive oxygen species. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2004, 122:383-393.
192. Schreck E., Geret F., Gontier L., Treilhou M. Neurotoxic effect and metabolic responses induced by a mixture of six pesticides on the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa nocturna. Chemosphere 2008, 71:1832-1839.
193. Seeber J., Seeber G.U.H., Kössler W., Langel R., Scheu S., Meyer E. Abundance and trophic structure of macro-decomposers on alpine pastureland (Central Alps, Tyrol): effects of abandonment of pasturing. Pedobiologia 2005, 49:221-228.
194. Semane B., Cuypers A., Smeets K., Van Belleghem F., Horemans N., Schat H., Vangronsveld J. Cadmium responses in Arabidopsis thaliana: glutathione metabolism and antioxidative defence system. Physiol. Plant. 2007, 129:519-528.
195. Seth C.S., Kumar Chaturvedi P., Misra V. The role of phytochelatins and antioxidants in tolerance to Cd accumulation in Brassica juncea L. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2008, 71:76-85.
196. Shahandeh H., Hossner L.R. Role of soil properties in phytoaccumulation of uranium. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2002, 141:165-180.
197. Shiyab S., Chen J., Han F.X., Monts D.L., Matta F.B., Gu M., Su Y., Masad M.A. Mercury-induced oxidative stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Environ. Toxicol. 2009, 24:462-471.
198. Sies H. Role of reactive oxygen species in biological processes. Klin Wochenschr 1991, 69:965-968.
199. Singh H.P., Kaur G., Batish D.R., Kohli R.K. Lead (Pb)-inhibited radicle emergence in Brassica campestris involves alterations in starch-metabolizing enzymes. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2011, 144:1295-1301.
200. Singh J., Pillai K.S. The world beneath us. Sci. Report. 1973, 1973:318-321. (July).
201. Singh S., Khan N.A., Nazar R., Anjum N.A. Photosynthetic traits and activities of antioxidant enzymes in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under cadmium stress. Am. J. Plant Physiol. 2008, 3:25-32.
202. Singh S., Singh S., Ramachandran V., Eapen S. Copper tolerance and response of antioxidative enzymes in axenically grown Brassica juncea (L.) plants. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2010, 73:1975-1981.
203. Sinha S., Sinam G., Mishra R.K., Mallick S. Metal accumulation, growth, antioxidants and oil yield of Brassica juncea L. exposed to different metals. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2010, 73:1352-1361.
204. Skipsey M., Knight K.M., Brazier-Hicks M., Dixon D.P., Steel P.G., Edwards R. Xenobiotic responsiveness of Arabidopsis thaliana to a chemical series derived from a herbicide safener. J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286:32268-32276.
205. Skórzyńska-Polit E., Drazỳkiewicz M., Krupa Z. The activity of the antioxidative system in cadmium-treated Arabidopsis thaliana. Biol. Plant. 2004, 47:71-78.
206. Smeets K., Opdenakker K., Remans T., Van Sanden S., Van Belleghem F., Semane B., Horemans N., Guisez Y., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. Oxidative stress-related responses at transcriptional and enzymatic levels after exposure to Cd or Cu in a multipollution context. J. Plant Physiol. 2009, 166:1982-1992.
207. Smeets K., Ruytinx J., Semane B., Van Belleghem F., Remans T., Van Sanden S., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. Cadmium-induced transcriptional and enzymatic alterations related to oxidative stress. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2008, 63:1-8.
208. Smirnoff N. L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Vitam. Horm. 2001, 61:241-266.
209. Smit C.E., van Gestel C.A.M. Comparison of the toxicity of zinc for the springtail Folsomia candida in artificially contaminated and polluted field soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 1996, 3:127-136.
210. Sobrino-Plata J., Ortega-Villasante C., Laura Flores-Cáceres M., Escobar C., Del Campo F.F., Hernández L.E. Differential alterations of antioxidant defenses as bioindicators of mercury and cadmium toxicity in alfalfa. Chemosphere 2009, 77:946-954.
211. Song Y., Zhu L.S., Wang J., Wang J.H., Liu W., Xie H. DNA damage and effects on antioxidative enzymes in earthworm (Eisenia foetida) induced by atrazine. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2009, 41:905-909.
212. Spurgeon D.J., Hopkin S.P. Extrapolation of the laboratory based OECD earthworm test to metal-contaminated field sites. Ecotoxicology 1995, 4:190-205.
213. Spurgeon D.J., Weeks J.M., Van Gestel C.A.M. A summary of eleven years progress in earthworm ecotoxicology. Pedobiologia 2003, 47:588-606.
214. Spurgeon D.J., Stürzenbaum S.R., Svendsen C., Hankard P.K., Morgan A.J., Weeks J.M., Kille P. Toxicological, cellular and gene expression responses in earthworms exposed to copper and cadmium. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. - C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2004, 138:11-21.
215. Stürzenbaum S.R., Georgiev O., Morgan A.J., Kille P. Cadmium detoxification in earthworms: from genes to cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:6283-6289.
216. Suzuki N., Mittler R. Reactive oxygen species and temperature stresses: a delicate balance between signaling and destruction. Physiol. Plant. 2006, 126:45-51.
217. Szollosi R., Varga I.S., Erdei L., Mihalik E. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and antioxidative mechanisms in germinating Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seeds. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2009, 72:1337-1342.
218. Taylor, S.A., Ashcroft, G.L., 1972. Physical edaphology: The physics of irrigated and non irrigated soils. San Francisco, W.H. Freeman.
219. Teisseire H., Couderchet M., Vernet G. Toxic responses and catalase activity of Lemna minor L. exposed to folpet, copper, and their combination. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 1998, 40:194-200.
220. Tsyusko O.V., Hardas S.S., Shoults-Wilson W.A., Starnes C.P., Joice G., Butterfield D.A., Unrine J.M. Short-term molecular-level effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Environ. Pollut. 2012, 171:249-255.
221. Unrine J.M., Tsyusko O.V., Hunyadi S.E., Judy J.D., Bertsch P.M. Effects of particle size on chemical speciation and bioavailability of copper to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to copper nanoparticles. J. Environ. Qual. 2010, 39:1942-1953.
222. Van Der Ploeg M.J.C., Handy R.D., Heckmann L.H., Van Der Hout A., Van Den Brink N.W. C60 exposure induced tissue damage and gene expression alterations in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Nanotoxicology 2013, 7(4):432-440.
223. Van Hook R.I. Cadmium, lead and zinc distributions between earthworms and soils: potentials for biological accumulation. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1974, 12:509-511.
224. van Wensem J., Vegter J.J., van Straalen N.M. Soil quality criteria derived from critical body concentrations of metals in soil invertebrates. Appl. Soil Ecol. 1994, 1:185-191.
225. Vanhoudt N., Vandenhove H., Opdenakker K., Remans T., Smeets K., Martinez Bello D., Van Hees M., Wannijn J., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. Induction of oxidative stress related responses in Arabidopsis thaliana following uranium exposure. Radioprotection 2009, 44:191-196.
226. Vanhoudt N., Vandenhove H., Horemans N., Wannijn J., Bujanic A., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. Study of oxidative stress related responses induced in Arabidopsis thaliana following mixed exposure to uranium and cadmium. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2010, 48:879-886.
227. Vanhoudt N., Vandenhove H., Horemans N., Wannijn J., Van Hees M., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. The combined effect of uranium and gamma radiation on biological responses and oxidative stress induced in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Environ. Radioact. 2010, 101:923-930.
228. Vanhoudt N., Vandenhove H., Horemans N., Remans T., Opdenakker K., Smeets K., Bello D.M., Wannijn J., Van Hees M., Vangronsveld J., Cuypers A. Unraveling uranium induced oxidative stress related responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Part I: responses in the roots. J. Environ. Radioact. 2011, 102:630-637.
229. Vanhoudt N., Cuypers A., Horemans N., Remans T., Opdenakker K., Smeets K., Bello D.M., Havaux M., Wannijn J., Van Hees M., Vangronsveld J., Vandenhove H. Unraveling uranium induced oxidative stress related responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Part II: responses in the leaves and general conclusions. J. Environ. Radioact. 2011, 102:638-645.
230. VDI, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, 2000. Biologische Messverfahren zur Ermittlung und Beur-teilung der Wirkung von Luftverunreinigungen auf Pflanzen (Bioindikation). Verfahren der standardisierten Exposition von Grünkohl. - Biological Measuring Techniques for the Determination and Evaluation of Effects of Air Pollutants on Plants (Bioindication). Standardised Exposure of Green Cabbage. VDI-Guideline 3957 Part 3.
231. Verma K., Shekhawat G.S., Sharma A., Mehta S.K., Sharma V. Cadmium induced oxidative stress and changes in soluble and ionically bound cell wall peroxidase activities in roots of seedling and 3-4 leaf stage plants of Brassica juncea (L.) czern. Plant Cell Rep. 2008, 27:1261-1269.
232. Voroney, R.P., 2006. The soil habitat. In: Paul, Eldor A. (Ed.), Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry. ISBN 0-12-546807-5.
233. Wang C.Q., Zhang Y.F., Zhang Y.B. Scavenger enzyme activities in subcellular fractions of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) under PEG-induced water stress. J. Plant Growth Regul. 2008, 27:387-393.
234. Wang C.Q., Song H. Calcium protects Trifolium repens L. seedlings against cadmium stress. Plant Cell Rep. 2009, 28:1341-1349.
235. Weisman D., Alkio M., Colón-Carmona A. Transcriptional responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced stress in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the involvement of hormone and defense signaling pathways. BMC Plant Biol. 2010, 10.
236. Xie X., Wu Y., Zhu M., Zhang Y.K., Wang X. Hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). Ecotoxicology 2011, 20:993-999.
237. Xiong W., Bai L., Muhammad R.U.H., Zou M., Sun Y. Molecular cloning, characterization of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and expression analysis of stress-responsive genes from Eisenia fetida against dietary zinc oxide. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. - C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 155:416-422.
238. Xiong W., Sun Y., Zou M., Muhammad R.U.H. Molecular cloning, characterization of CAT, and eco-toxicological effects of dietary zinc oxide on antioxidant enzymes in Eisenia fetida. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2013, 20(3):1746.
239. Xue Y., Gu X., Wang X., Sun C., Xu X., Sun J., Zhang B. The hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress for the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to tetrabromobisphenol A. Ecotoxicology 2009, 18:693-699.
240. Yang Y., Han C., Liu Q., Lin B., Wang J. Effect of drought and low light on growth and enzymatic antioxidant system of Picea asperata seedlings. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2008, 30:433-440.
241. Yildiz M., Terzi H., Bingül N. Protective role of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment on defense systems and BnMP1 gene expression in Cr(VI)-stressed canola seedlings. Ecotoxicology 2013, 22:1303-1312.
242. Zaimoglu Z., Koksal N., Basci N., Kesici M., Gulen H., Budak F. Antioxidative enzyme activities in Brassica juncea L. and Brassica oleracea L. plants under chromium stress. J. Food Agric. Environ. 2011, 9:676-679.
243. Zhang Q., Zhu L., Wang J., Xie H., Han Y., Yang J. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the earthworm Eisenia fetida induced by low doses of fomesafen. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2012, 1-8.
244. Zhang W., Song Y., Liu M., Sun T. Effects of Benzo (a) pyrene on cytochrome P450 and antioxidant enzymes in earthworms. Liaoning Gongcheng Jishu Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/J. Liaoning Tech. Univ. (Natural Science Edition) 2009, 28:846-848.
245. Zhang X., Lu Y., Shi Y., Chen C., Yang Z., Li Y., Feng Y. Antioxidant and metabolic responses induced by cadmium and pyrene in the earthworm Eisenia fetida in two different systems: contact and soil tests. Chem. Ecol. 2009, 25:205-215.
246. Zheng G., Lv H.P., Gao S., Wang S.R. Effects of cadmium on growth and antioxidant responses in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings. Plant Soil Environ. 2010, 56:508-515.
247. Zheng K., Liu Z.T., Li Y.J., Cui Y.B., Li M. Toxicological responses of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) exposed to metal-contaminated soils. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2013, 20(12):8382-8390.
248. Zhou G.K., Xu Y., Li J., Yang L., Liu J.Y. Molecular analyses of the metallothionein gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L). J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2006, 39:595-606.
249. Zhou Z.S., Huang S.Q., Guo K., Mehta S.K., Zhang P.C., Yang Z.M. Metabolic adaptations to mercury-induced oxidative stress in roots of Medicago sativa L. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2007, 101:1-9.
250. Zhou Z.S., Wang S.J., Yang Z.M. Biological detection and analysis of mercury toxicity to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Chemosphere 2008, 70:1500-1509.
251. Zhou Z.S., Guo K., Elbaz A.A., Yang Z.M. Salicylic acid alleviates mercury toxicity by preventing oxidative stress in roots of Medicago sativa. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2009, 65:27-34.