l-Ascorbic acid biosynthesis

Vitamins and Hormones

Volumn 61, Issue , 2001, Pages 241-266

  Smirnoff, Nicholas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; DRUG DERIVATIVE; GALACTOSE; GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE; MANNOSE;

ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENETICS; LIVER; METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT; RAT; REVIEW; YEAST;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; ASCORBIC ACID; GALACTOSE; GLUCOSE 1-DEHYDROGENASE; GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASES; LIVER; MANNOSE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; RATS; YEASTS;

EID: 0035233997     PISSN: 00836729     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(01)61008-2     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. O Arrigoni L De Gara C Paciolla A Evidente M.C De Pinto R Liso Lycorine: A powerful inhibitor of l -galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase activity J. Plant Physiol. 150 1997 362 364
2. K Asada The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: Scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50 1999 601 639
3. M.M Baig S Kelly F.A Loewus l -Ascorbic acid biosynthesis in higher plants from l -gulono-1,4-lactone and l -galactono-1,4-lactone Plant Physiol. 46 1970 277 280
4. G Banhegyi M Csala L Braun T Garzo J Mandl Ascorbate synthesisdependent glutathione consumption in mouse liver FEBS Lett. 381 1996 39 41
5. G Banhegyi L Braun M Csala F Puskas J Mandl Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals Free Radical Biol. Med. 23 1997 793 803
6. G.A Barber Synthesis of l -galactose by plant enzyme systems Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 147 1971 619 623
7. G.A Barber Observations on the mechanism of the reversible epimerization of GDP- d -mannose to GDP- l -galactose by an enzyme from Chlorella pyrenoidosa J. Biol. Chem. 254 1979 7600 7603
8. C Bartoli G Pastori C.H Foyer Ascorbate biosynthesis in mitochondria is linked to electron transport chain between complexes III and IV Plant Physiol. 2000 (in press)
9. H.S Bleeg F Christensen Biosynthesis of ascorbate in yeast. Purification of l -galactono-1,4-lactone oxidase with properties different from mammalian l -gu-lonolactone oxidase Eur. J. Biochem. 127 1982 391 396
10. L Braun T Garzo J Mandl G Banhegyi Ascorbic-acid synthesis is stimulated by enhanced glycogenolysis in murine liver FEBS Lett. 352 1994 4 6
11. C Bublitz l -Gulono-γ-lactone oxidase and dehydrogenase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 48 1961 61 70
12. C Bublitz Substrate specificities of liver and kidney glucuronate reductase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 113 1966 616 619
13. C Bublitz A.L Lehninger The role of aldonolactonase in the conversion of l -gulonate to l -ascorbate Biochim. Biophys. Acta 47 1961 288 297
14. C Bublitz J.L York Some observations on pig-kidney DPN- l -gulonate dehydrogenase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 48 1961 56 61
15. J.J Burns Ascorbic acid D.M Greenberg Metabolic Pathways 2nd ed. 1960 Academic Press New York 394 411
16. J.J Burns P Peyser A Moltz Missing step in guinea pigs required for the biosynthesis of l -ascorbic acid Science 124 1956 1148 1149
17. J.J Challem E.W Taylor Retroviruses, ascorbate, and mutations, in the evolution of Homo sapiens Free Radical Biol. Med. 25 1998 130 132
18. I.B Chatterjee Biosynthesis of L-ascorbate in animals D.B McCormick L.D Wright Methods in Enzymology Vol. 18 1970 Academic Press New York 28 34
19. I.B Chatterjee Evolution and the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid Science 182 1973 1271 1272
20. I.B Chatterjee R.W McKee Lipid peroxidation and biosynthesis of l -ascorbic acid in rat liver microsomes Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 110 1965 254 261
21. I.B Chatterjee N.C Ghosh J.J Ghosh B.C Guha Effect of cyanide on the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid by an enzyme preparation from goat liver tissue Biochem. J. 70 1958 509 515
22. I.B Chatterjee G.C Chatterjee N.C Ghosh J.J Ghosh B.C Guha Biological synthesis of l -ascorbic acid in animal tissues: Conversion of l -gulonolactone into l -ascorbic acid Biochem. J. 74 1960 193 203
23. I.B Chatterjee G.C Chatterjee N.C Ghosh J.J Ghosh B.C Guha Biological synthesis of l -ascorbic acid in animal tissues: Conversion of d -glucuronolactone and l -gulonolactone into l -ascorbic acid Biochem. J. 76 1960 279 292
24. P.L Conklin E.H Williams R.L Last Environmental stress sensitivity of an ascorbic acid-deficient Arabidopsis mutant Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 1996 9970 9974
25. P.L Conklin J.E Pallanca R.L Last N Smirnoff l -Ascorbic metabolism in the ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis mutant vtcl Plant Physiol. 115 1997 1277 1285
26. P.L Conklin S.R Norris G.L Wheeler E.H Williams N Smirnoff R.L Last Genetic evidence for the role of GDP-mannose in plant ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 1999 4198 4203
27. P.F Conter M.F Guimarães L.A Veiga Induction and repression of l -fucose dehydrogenase of Pullularia pullulans Can. J. Microbiol. 30 1984 753 757
28. K Dabrowski Administration of gulonolactone does not evoke ascorbic-acid synthesis in teleost fish Fish Physiol. Biochem. 9 1991 215 221
29. K Dabrowski Primitive actinopterigian fishes can synthesize ascorbic-acid Experientia 50 1994 745 748
30. M.W Davey C Gilot G Persiau J Østergaard Y Han G.C Bauw M.C Van Montagu Ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture Plant Physiol. 121 1999 535 543
31. M.B Davies J Austin D.A Partridge Vitamin C: Its Chemistry and Biochemistry 1991 Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, UK
32. G.L Eliceiri E.K Lai P.M McKay Gulonolactone oxidase. Solubilization, properties and partial purification J. Biol. Chem. 244 1969 2641 2645
33. D.S Feingold Aldo (and keto) hexoses and uronic acids F.A Loewus W Tanner Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology Vol. 13A 1982 Springer Berlin 3 76
34. D.M Fracalossi M.E Allen D.K Nichols O.T Oftedal Oscars, Astronotus ocellatus , have a dietary requirement for vitamin C J. Nutr 128 1998 1745 1751
35. V Ginzburg A Weissbach E.S Maxwell Formation of glucuronic acid from uridinediphosphate glucuronic acid Biochim. Biophys. Acta 28 1958 649 650
36. B Halliwell J.M.C Gutteridge Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine 1989 Clarendon Press Oxford
37. P.A Hebda E.J Behrman G.A Barber The guanosine 5′-diphosphate d -mannose:guanosine 5'-diphosphate L-galactose epimerase of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 194 1979 496 502
38. J.P Helsper L Kagan T.M Hilby M Maynard F.A Loewus l -Ascorbic acid biosynthesis in Ochromonas danica Plant Physiol. 69 1982 465 468
39. H.G Hers L'Aldose-réductase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 37 1960 120 126
40. K Hiraga T Eto I Yoshioka K Oda Molecular cloning and expression of a gene encoding a novel sorbitol oxidase from Streptomyces sp. H-7775 Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62 1998 347 353
41. S Hollman O Touster Alterations in tissue levels of uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase, uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid pyrophosphatase and glucuronyl transferase induced by substances influencing the production of ascorbic acid Biochim. Biophys. Acta 26 1962 338 352
42. F Horio T Shibata S Makino S Machino Y Hayashi T Hattori A Yoshida UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene-expression is involved in the stimulation of ascorbic-acid biosynthesis by xenobiotics in rats J. Nutr 123 1993 2075 2084
43. W.K Huh S.T Kim K.S Yang Y.J Seok Y.C Hah S.O Kang Characterization of d -arabinono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase oxidase from Candida albicans ATCC-10231 Eur. J. Biochem. 225 1994 1073 1079
44. W.K Huh B.H Lee S.T Kim Y.R Kim G.E Rhie Y.W Baek C.S Hwang J.S Lee S.O Kang d -Erythroascorbic acid is an important antioxidant molecule in Saccharomyces cereuisiae Mol. Microbiol. 30 1998 895 903
45. T Imai S Karita G Shratori M Hattori T Nunome K Oba M Hirai l -Galactono-'y-lactone dehydrogenase from sweet potato: Purification and cDNA sequence analysis Plant Cell Physiol. 39 1998 1350 1358
46. F.A Isherwood Y.T Chen L.W Mapson Synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants and animals Biochem. J. 56 1954 1 15
47. Y Kagawa N Shimazono Catabolism of uronate and aldonate: Lactonases D.B McCormick L.D Wright Methods in Enzymology Vol. 18 1970 Academic Press New York 50 55
48. Y Kagawa H Takiguchi N Shimazono Enzymic delactonization of dehydro- l -ascorbate in animal tissues Biochim. Biophys. Acta 51 1961 413 415
49. R Keller F Springer A Renz J Kossmann Antisense inhibition of the (1DP-mannose pyrophosphorylase reduces the ascorbate content in transgenic plants leading to developmental changes during senescence Plant J. 19 1999 131 141
50. W.C Kenney D.E Edmonson T.P Singer Identification of covalently bound flavin of gulono-γ-lactone oxidase Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 71 1976 1194 1200
51. W.C Kenney D.E Edmonson T.P Singer M Nishikimi E Nogushi K Yagi Identification of the covalently bound flavin of L-galactonolactone oxidase from yeast FEBS Lett. 97 1979 40 42
52. S.-T Kim W-K Huh J.-Y Kim S.-W Hwang S.-O Kang d -Arabinose dehydrogenase and biosynthesis of erythroascorbate in Candida albicans Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1297 1996 1 8
53. K Kiuchi N Nishikimi K Yagi Purification and characterization of l -gu-lonolactone oxidase from chicken kidney microsomes Biochemistry 21 1982 5076 5082
54. T Koshizaka M Nishikimi T Ozawa K Yagi Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver l -gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for l -ascorbic acid biosynthesis J. Biol. Chem. 263 1988 1619 1621
55. C.T Leung F.A Loewus Ascorbic acid in pollen: Conversion of l -galactono-1,4-lactone to l -ascorbic acid by Lilium longiflorum Plant Sci. 39 1985 45 48
56. T Lodi I Fererro Isolation of the did gene of Saccharomyces cereuisiae encoding the mitochondrial enzyme d -lactate ferricytochrome- c oxidoreductase Mol. Gen. Genet. 238 1993 315 324
57. F.A Loewus Tracer studies of ascorbic acid formation in plants Phytochemistry 2 1963 109 128
58. F.A Loewus Ascorbic acid and its metabolic products J Preiss The Biochemistry of Plants Vol. 14 1988 Academic Press New York 85 107
59. F.A Loewus M.W Loewus Biosynthesis and metabolism of l -ascorbic acid in plants Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 5 1987 101 119
60. F.A Loewus K Saito R.K Suto E Maring Conversion of d -arabinose to d -erythroascorbic acid and oxalic acid in Sclerotina scleorotiorum Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 212 1995 196 203
61. M.W Loewus D.L Bedgar K Saito F.A Loewus Conversion of L-sorbosone to l -ascorbic acid by a NADP-dependent dehydrogenase in bean and spinach leaf Plant Physiol. 94 1990 1492 1495
62. A Maeland R Waagbo Examination of the qualitative ability of some cold water marine teleosts to synthesize ascorbic acid Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 121 1998 249 255
63. E Maier G Kurtz d -Galactose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens W.A Wood Methods in Enzymology Vol. 89 1982 Academic Press New York 176 181
64. Y Mano N Shimazono Catabolism of uronate and aldonate: TPN- l -hexonate dehydrogenase (liver) D.B McCormick L.D Wright Methods in Enzymology Vol. 18 1970 Academic Press New York 55 58
65. Y Mano K Yamada K Suzuki N Shimazono Formation of l -gulonolac-tone from d -glucuronolactone with TPN- l -gulonic dehydrogenase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 34 1959 563 565
66. L.W Mapson E Breslow Biological synthesis of l -ascorbic acid: l -Galactono-γ-galactone dehydrogenase Biochem. J. 68 1958 395 406
67. L.W Mapson F.A Isherwood Biological synthesis of l -ascorbic acid: The conversion of derivatives of d -galacturonic acid to l -ascorbate in plant extracts Biochem J. 64 1956 13 22
68. L.W Mapson F.A Isherwood Y.T Chen Biological synthesis of l -ascorbic acid: The conversion of l -galactono-γ-lactone into l -ascorbic acid by plant mitochondria Biochem J. 56 1954 21 28
69. C.A Marsh L.M Reid Changes in d -glucaric acid excretion induced by stimulators of ascorbic acid biosynthesis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 78 1963 726 728
70. H.R Massie M.E Shumway S.J.P Whitney S.M Sternick V.R Aiello Ascorbic-acid in Drosophila and changes during ageing Exp. Gerontol. 26 1991 487 494
71. R Moreau K Dabrowski The primary localization of ascorbate and its synthesis in the kidneys of acipenserid (Chondrostei) and teleost (Teleostei) fishes J. Comp. Physiol. B 166 1996 178 183
72. R Moreau K Dabrowski Body pool and synthesis of ascorbic acid in adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ): An agnathan fish with gulonolactone oxidase activity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 1998 10279 10282
73. M Mutsuda T Ishikawa T Takeda S Shigeoka Subcellular localization and properties of l -galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase in spinach leaves Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59 1995 1983 1984
74. J.A Nick C.T Leung F.A Loewus Isolation and identification of erythroascorbic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lymphomyces starkeyi Plant Sci. 46 1986 181 187
75. M Nishikimi S Udenfriend Immunologic evidence that the gene for l -gulono-γ-lactone oxidase is not expressed in anmals subject to scurvy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 1976 2066 2068
76. M Nishikimi B.M Tolbert S Udenfriend Purification and characterization of l -gulono-γ-lactone oxidase from rat and goat liver Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 175 1976 427 435
77. M Nishikimi E Noguchi K Yagi Occurrence in yeast of l -galactonolactone oxidase which is similar to a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis in animals, l -gulonolactone oxidase Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 191 1978 479 486
78. M Nishikimi T Kawai K Yagi Guinea-pigs possess a highly mutated gene for l -gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for l -ascorbic-acid biosynthesis missing in this species J. Biol. Chem. 267 1992 21967 21972
79. M Nishikimi R Fukuyama S Minoshima N Shimizu K Yagi Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human nonfunctional gene for gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for l -ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in man J. Biol. Chem. 269 1994 13685 13688
80. M Nishikimi Y Ohta T Ishikawa Identification by bacterial expression of the yeast genomic sequence encoding l -galactono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the homologue of l -ascorbic acid-synthesizing enzyme of higher animals Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 44 1998 907 913
81. G Noctor C.H Foyer Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49 1998 249 279
82. K Ôba M Fukui Y Imai S Iriyama K Nogami l -galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase: partial characterization, induction of activity and role in the synthesis of ascorbic acid in wounded white potato tuber tissue Plant Cell Physiol. 35 1994 473 478
83. K Ôba S Ishikawa M Nishikawa H Mizuno T Yamamoto Purification and properties of l -galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis, from sweet potato roots J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 117 1995 120 124
84. J Østergaard G Persian M.A Davey G Bauw M Van Montagu Isolation of a cDNA coding for l -galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants-Purification, characterization, cDNA cloning, and expression in yeast J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 30009 30016
85. J.E Pallanca N Smirnoff Ascorbic acid metabolism in pea seedlings. A comparison of d -glucosone, l -sorbosone and l -galactono-1,4-lactone as ascorbate precursors Plant Physiol. 120 1999 453 461
86. F Puskas L Braun M Csala T Kardon P Marcolongo A Benedetti J Mandl G Banhegyi Gulonolactone oxidase activity-dependent intravesicular glutathione oxidation in rat liver microsomes FEBS Lett. 430 1998 293 296
87. K Saito J.A Nick F.A Loewus d -Glucosone and l -sorbosone, putative intermediates of l -ascorbic acid biosynthesis in detached bean and spinach leaves Plant Physiol. 94 1990 1496 1500
88. P Sato M Nishikimi S Udenfriend Is gulonolactone-oxidase the only enzyme missing in animals subject to scurvy? Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 71 1976 293 299
89. H Schachter J Sarney E.J McGuire S Roseman Isolation of diphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent l -fucose dehydrogenase from pork liver J. Biol. Chem. 244 1969 4785 4792
90. S Shigeoka Y Nakano S Kitaoka The biosynthetic pathway of l -ascorbic acid in Eaglena gracilis Z J. Nutr Sci. Vitaminol. 25 1979 299 307
91. E Siendones J.A González-Reyes C Santos-Ocaña P Navas F Córdoba Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in kidney bean. l -Galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase is an intrinsic protein located at the mitochondria) inner membrane Plant Physiol. 120 1999 907 912
92. N Smirnoff The function and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants Ann. Bot. (London) 78 1996 661 669
93. N Smirnoff J.E Pallanca Ascorbate metabolism in relation to oxidative stress Biochem. Soc. Trans. 24 1996 472 478
94. N Smirnoff G.L Wheeler Ascorbic acid metabolism in plants J.A Bryant M.M Burrell N.J Kruger Plant Carbohydrate Biochemistry 1999 Bios Scientific Publishers Oxford 215 229
95. A.P Spicer L.A Kaback T.J Smith M.F Seldin Molecular cloning and characterization of the human and mouse UDP-glucose dehydrogenase genes J. Biol. Chem. 273 1998 25117 25124
96. C.M Spickett N Smirnoff A.R Pitt The biosynthesis of erythroascorbate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its role as an antioxidant Free Radical Biol. Med. 2000 (in press)
97. T Takahashi M Mitsumoto Studies on the pathways of d -araboascorbic acid in Penicillium Biochim. Biophys Acta 51 1961 410 412
98. M ul-Hassan A.L Lehninger Enzymatic formation of ascorbic acid in rat liver extracts J. Biol. Chem. 223 1956 123 138
99. G.L Wheeler M.A Jones N Smirnoff The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants Nature (London) 393 1998 365 369
100. J Winkelman A.L Lehninger Aldono- and uronolactonases of animal tissues J. Biol. Chem. 233 1958 794 799
101. K Yamada S Ishikawa N Shimazono On the microsomal and soluble lactonases Biochim. Biophys. Acta 32 1959 253 255
102. J.L York A.P Grollman C Bublitz TPN- l ,-gulonate dehydrogenase Biochim. Biophys. Acta 47 1961 298 306