EU Administrative Law

EU Administrative Law

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-984

  Craig, Paul ^a  

^a ST JOHN S COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Administration; Community courts; EU; Judicial review; Law; Member states; Policy delivery

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922987405     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296811.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (606)

1. Stewart, 'The Reformation of American Administrative Law' (1975) 88 Harv LR 1667.
2. Curtin, 'Constitutionalism in the European Community: The Right to Fair Procedures in Administrative Law', in J. O'Reilly (ed.), Human Rights and Constitutional Law, essays in Honour of Brian Walsh (1992), at 293.
3. Schwarze, 'Developing Principles of European Administrative Law' [1993] PL 229.
4. Nolte, 'General Principles of German and European Administrative Law-A Comparison in Historical Perspective' (1994) 57 MLR 191.
5. Schwarze, 'Towards a Common European Public Law' (1995) 1 EPL 227.
6. Lenaerts and Vanhamme, 'Procedural Rights of Private Parties in the Community Administrative Process' (1997) 34 CMLRev 531.
7. H. Nehl, Principles of Administrative Procedure in EC Law (1999), at 70-99.
8. J. Mashaw, Due Process in the Administrative State (Yale University Press, 1985).
9. D. Galligan, Due Process and Fair Procedures (Oxford University Press, 1996), at 75-82.
10. Resnick, 'Due Process and Procedural Justice', in J. Pennock and J. Chapman (eds), Due Process (Nomos, 1977), at 217.
11. H.L.A. Hart, Concept of Law (Clarendon, 1961), at 156, 202.
12. J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press, 1973), at 235.
13. C. Pateman, Participation and Democratic Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1970).
14. J. Cohen, Constitution, Democracy and State Power: The Institutions of Justice (Edward Elgar, 1996).
15. Craig, 'Democracy and Rulemaking within the EC: An Empirical and Normative Assessment' (1997) 3 ELJ 105.
16. de Burca, 'The Quest for Legitimacy in the European Union' (1996) 59 MLR 349.
17. Shapiro, 'The Giving Reasons Requirement' (1992) U Chic Legal Forum 179, at 205.
18. M. Westlake, The Commission and the Parliament, Partners and Rivals in the European Policy-Making Process (Butterworths, 1994), at 159-161.
19. #http://europa.eu.int/yourvoice/consultations/index_en.htm#.
20. DG Internal Market, Synthesis of the Comments on the Consultation Document of the Services of the Internal Market Directorate-General, 'Recommendations on the Role of (Independent) Non-Executive or Supervisory Directors', September 2004.
21. Barav, 'Direct and Individual Concern: An Almost Insurmountable Barrier to the Admissibility of Individual Appeal to the EEC Court' (1974) 11 CMLRev 191.
22. Harding, 'The Private Interest in Challenging Community Action' (1980) 5 ELRev 354.
23. Rasmussen, 'Why is Article 173 Interpreted against Private Plaintiffs?' (1980) 5 ELRev 112.
24. Greaves, 'Locus Standi under Article 173 EEC when Seeking Annulment of a Regulation' (1986) 11 ELRev 119.
25. Weiler, 'Pride and Prejudice-Parliament v Council' (1989) 14 ELRev 334.
26. Bebr, 'The Standing of the European Parliament in the Community System of Legal Remedies: A Thorny Jurisprudential Development' (1990) 10 YBEL 170.
27. Bradley, 'Sense and Sensibility: Parliament v Council Continued' (1991) 16 ELRev 245.
28. Arnull, 'Challenging EC Anti-Dumping Regulations: The Problem of Admissibility' [1992] ECLR 73.
29. Harlow, 'Towards a Theory of Access for the European Court of Justice' (1992) 12 YBEL 213.
30. Craig, 'Legality, Standing and Substantive Review in Community Law' (1994) 14 OJLS 507.
31. Arnull, 'Private Applicants and the Action for Annulment under Article 173 of the EC Treaty' (1995) 32 CMLRev 7.
32. Hedemann-Robinson, 'Article 173 EC, General Community Measures and Locus Standi for Private Persons: Still a Cause for Individual Concern?' (1996) 2 EPL 127.
33. Neuwahl, 'Article 173 Paragraph 4 EC: Past, Present and Possible Future' (1996) 21 ELRev 17.
34. Cooke, 'Locus Standi of Private Parties under Article 173(4)' (1997) Irish Jnl of European Law 4.
35. A. Ward, Judicial Review and the Rights of Private Parties in EC Law (Oxford University Press, 2000), Chap. 6.
36. Arnull, 'Private Applicants and the Action for Annulment since Codorniu' (2001) 38 CMLRev 7.
37. P. Craig and G. de Burca, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., 2002), Chap. 12.
38. Craig, 'Standing, Rights and the Structure of Legal Argument' (2003) 9 EPL 493.
39. D. Hague, W. Mackenzie, and A. Barker (eds), Public Policy and Private Interests: The Institutions of Compromise (MacMillan, 1975), at 362.
40. Report on Non-Departmental Public Bodies, Cmnd. 7797 (1980), at paras. 10-16.
41. R. Baldwin and C. McCrudden, Regulation and Public Law (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987), Chap. 1.
42. Thatcher and Stone Sweet, 'Theory and Practice of Delegation to Non-Majoritarian Institutions' (2002) 25 West European Politics 1.
43. Majone, 'Temporal Consistency and Policy Credibility: Why Democracies Need Non-Majoritarian Institutions' Working Paper RSC No. 96/57, Florence EUI.
44. Gilardi, 'Policy Credibility and Delegation to Independent Regulatory Agencies: A Comparative Empirical Analysis' (2002) 9 JEPP 873.
45. D. Roberts, Victorian Origins of the British Welfare State (Yale University Press, 1960).
46. W. Lubenow, The Politics of Government Growth (Archon Books, 1971).
47. Sir N. Chester, The English Administrative System 1780-1870 (Clarendon Press, 1981).
48. H. Parris, Constitutional Bureaucracy, The Development of British Central Administration in the Eighteenth Century (Allen & Unwin, 1969).
49. Majone, 'The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe' (1994) 17 West European Politics 77.
50. G. Majone, Regulating Europe (Routledge, 1996).
51. Majone, 'From the Positive to the Regulatory State: Causes and Consequences of Changes in the Mode of Governance' (1997) 17 Jnl of Public Policy 139.
52. Thatcher, 'Analysing Regulatory Reform in Europe' (2002) 9 JEPP 859, at 867.
53. J. Vickers and G. Yarrow, Privatization, An Economic Analysis (MIT Press, 1988), for a valuable account of these changes in the UK.
54. Schmidt, 'Europeanization and the Mechanics of Economic Policy Adjustment' (2002) 9 JEPP 894.
55. Kreher, 'Agencies in the European Community-A Step towards Administrative Integration in Europe' (1997) 4 JEPP 225.
56. Shapiro, 'The Problems of Independent Agencies in the United States and the European Union' (1997) 4 JEPP 276.
57. Dehousse, 'Regulation by Networks in the European Community: The Role of European Agencies' (1997) 4 JEPP 246.
58. Majone, 'Delegation of Regulatory Powers in a Mixed Polity' (2002) 8 ELJ 319.
59. Craig, 'Democracy and Rule-Making within the EC: An Empirical and Normative Assessment' (1997) 3 ELJ 105.
60. Keleman, 'The Politics of "Eurocratic" Structure and the New European Agencies' (2002) 25 West European Politics 93.
61. Kreher, 'Agencies in the European Community-A Step towards Administrative Integration in Europe' (1997) 4 JEPP 225.
62. Curtin, 'Delegation to EU Non-Majoritarian Agencies and Emerging Practices of Public Accountability' forthcoming, at 9-12.
63. It can be found at #http://www.europol.eu.int/index.asp? page=legalconv#.
64. Majone, 'Strategy of Regulatory Reform', in G. Della Cananea (ed), European Regulatory Agencies (ISUPE Press, 2004), at 54.
65. Chiti, 'The Emergence of a Community Administration: The Case of European Agencies' (2000) 37 CMLRev 309, at 311-317.
66. Chiti, 'Decentralisation and Integration into the Community Administrations: A New Perspective on European Agencies' (2004) 10 ELJ 402, at 431-436.
67. Geradin and Petit, 'The Development of Agencies at EU and National Levels:Conceptual Analysis and Proposals for Reform' Jean Monnet Working Paper 01/04, NYU School of Law, at 43-50.
68. Craig, 'European Governance: Executive and Administrative Powers under the New Constitutional Settlement' (2005) 3 I-CON 407.
69. Lenaerts, 'Regulating the Regulatory Process: "Delegation of Powers" in the European Community' (1993) 18 ELRev 23, at 46.
70. A. Aman and W. Mayton, Administrative Law (West, 2nd ed, 2001), at 9-36.
71. K.-H. Ladeur, The European Environment Agency and Prospects for a European Network of Environmental Administrations, EUI Working Paper RSC, No. 96/50, Florence, European University Institute, 1996.
72. T. A. Borzel, Policy Networks-A New Paradigm for European Governance?, EUI Working Paper RSC 97/19, Florence, European University Institute, 1997.
73. Borzel, 'Rediscovering Policy Networks as a Form of Modern Governance' (1998) 5 JEPP 354.
74. Everson, 'Independent Agencies: Hierarchy Beaters?' (1995) 1 ELJ 180.
75. Vos, 'Reforming the European Commission: What Role to Play for EU Agencies?' (2000) 37 CMLRev 1113.
76. Majone, 'Europe's "Democracy Deficit": The Question of Standards' (1998) 4 ELJ 5.
77. Committee of Independent Experts, Second Report on Reform of the Commission, Analysis of Current Practice and Proposals for Tackling Mismanagement, Irregularities and Fraud (10 September 1999), Vol. I, at 2.3.1. See also, at 2.0.1 and 2.3.8.
78. K. Jenkins, K. Caines, and A. Jackson, Improving Management in Government: The Next Steps (HMSO, 1988).
79. D. Goldsworthy, Setting Up Next Steps: A Short Account of the Origins, Launch, and Implementation of the Next Steps Project in the British Civil Service (HMSO, 1991).
80. Majone, 'The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe' (1994) 17 West European Politics 77.
81. G. Majone, Regulating Europe (Routledge, 1996).
82. Majone, 'Europe's "Democratic Deficit": The Question of Standards' (1998) 4 ELJ 5.
83. R. Pedler and G.F. Schaefer (eds), Shaping European Law and Policy:The Role of Committees and Comitology in the Political Process (European Institute of Public Administration, 1996).
84. D. Rometsch and W. Wessels (eds), The European Union and Member States, Towards Institutional Fusion? (Manchester University Press, 1996).
85. C. Joerges, K-H Ladeur and E. Vos (eds), Integrating Scientific Expertise into Regulatory Decision-Making:National Traditions and European Innovations (Nomos, 1997).
86. C. Joerges and E. Vos (eds), EU Committees: Social Regulation, Law and Politics (Hart, 1999).
87. Third Report of the House of Lords' Select Committee on European Legislation: Delegation of Powers to the Commission: Reforming Comitology (HL 23; 1999).
88. E. Vos, Institutional Frameworks of Community Health and Safety Legislation: Committees, Agencies and Private Bodies (Hart, 1999).
89. M. Andenas and A. Turk (eds), Delegated Legislation and the Role of Committees in the EC (Kluwer Law International, 2000).
90. C. Bergstrom, Comitology, Delegation of Powers in the European Union and the Committee System (Oxford University Press, 2005).
91. Bertram, 'Decision-Making in the EEC: The Management Committee Procedure' (1967-68) 5 CMLRev 246.
92. Schindler, 'The Problems of Decision-Making by Way of the Management Committee Procedure in the EEC' (1971) 8 CMLRev 184.
93. Ehlermann, 'Competences d'Execution Conferees a la Commission-La Nouvelle Decision-Cadre du Conseil' (1988) 316 RMC 232.
94. 'The Internal Market Following the Single European Act' (1987) 24 CMLRev 361.
95. Bradley, 'Maintaining the Balance: The Role of the Court of Justice in Defining the Institutional Position of the European Parliament' (1987) 24 CMLRev 41.
96. Bradley, 'Comitology and the Law: Through a Glass Darkly' (1992) 29 CMLRev 693.
97. Bradley, 'The European Parliament and Comitology: On the Road to Nowhere?' (1997) 3 ELJ 230.
98. R. Corbett, The European Parliament's Role in Closer EU Integration (Macmillan, 1998), at 347-348.
99. Craig, 'Democracy and Rulemaking within the EC: An Empirical and Normative Assessment' (1997) 3 ELJ 105.
100. Lenaerts and Verhoeven, 'Towards a Legal Framework for Executive Rule-Making in the EU? The Contribution of the New Comitology Decision' (2000) 37 CMLRev 645.
101. The public can access certain comitology documents, see #http://europa.eu.int/comm/secretariat_general/regcomito/registre.cfm?CL=en#.
102. Symposium: Responses to the European Commission's White Paper on Governance, #http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/01#.
103. Wessels, 'Comitology: Fusion in Action. Politico-administrative Trends in the EU System' (1998) 5 JEPP 209, at 211-218.
104. Joerges and Neyer, 'From Intergovernmental Bargaining to Deliberative Political Processes: The Constitutionalization of Comitology' (1997) 3 ELJ 273.
105. Dehousse, 'Comitology: Who Watches the Watchmen?' (2003) 10 JEPP 798, at 800.
106. Commission website at #http://europa.eu.int/comm/governance/governance:eu/comitology_en.htm#.
107. Joerges, 'Deliberative Supranationalism-Two Defences' (2002) 8 ELJ 133, at 145.
108. Jasanoff, 'Science and the Limits of Administrative Rule Making: Lessons from the OSHA Cancer Policy' (1982) 20 Osgoode Hall LJ 536.
109. S. Jasanoff, The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policy Makers (Harvard University Press, 1990).
110. S. Jasanoff, Science at the Bar: Law, Science and Technology in America (Harvard University Press, 1995).
111. U. Beck, The Risk Society (Sage, 1992).
112. W. Leiss and C. Chociolko (eds), Risk and Responsibility (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1992).
113. P. Craig, Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 5th ed., 2003), Chap. 12.
114. T. Ziamou, Rulemaking, Participation and the Limits of Public Law in the USA and Europe (Ashgate, 2001).
115. Shapiro, 'The Giving Reasons Requirement' (1992) U Chic Legal Forum 179.
116. C. Harlow, Accountability in the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2002), at 175.
117. Craig, 'The Hierarchy of Norms', in T. Tridimas and P. Nebbia (eds), European Law for the Twenty-First Century, Rethinking the New Legal Order, Volume 1 (Hart, 2004), Chap. 5.
118. A.C. Aman and W.T. Mayton, Administrative Law (West, 2nd ed., 2001), Chap. 1.
119. J.M. Rogers, M.P. Healy, and R. J. Krotoszynski, Administrative Law (Aspen Publishers, 2003), at 312-345.
120. #http://europa.eu.int/comm/secretariat_general/regcomito/registre.cfm? CL=en#.
121. Bignami, 'The Democratic Deficit in European Community Rulemaking: A Call for Notice and Comment in Comitology' (1999) 40 Harvard Int LJ 451.
122. Bignami, 'Three Generations of Participation Rights before the European Commission' (2004) 68 Law and Contemporary Problems 61.
123. D. Galligan, Due Process and Fair Procedures (Oxford University Press, 1996), Chap. 4.
124. J. Mashaw, Due Process in the Administrative State (Yale University Press, 1985).
125. Resnick, 'Due Process and Procedural Justice', in J. Pennock and J. Chapman (eds), Due Process (Nomos, 1977), at 217.
126. Lindblom, 'The Science of Muddling Through' (1959) 19 Pub Adm Rev 79.
127. D. Braybrooke and C. Lindblom, A Strategy of Decision, Policy Evaluation as a Social Process (Free Press, 1963).
128. Weatherill, 'Better Competence Monitoring' (2005) 30 ELRev 23.
129. Craig, 'Competence: Clarity, Conferral, Containment and Consideration' (2004) 29 ELRev 323.
130. Young, 'Protecting Member State Autonomy in the European Union: Some Cautionary Tales from American Federalism' (2002) 77 NYULRev 1612.
131. Hervey, 'Up in Smoke? Community (Anti)-Tobacco Law and Policy' (2001) 26 ELRev 101.
132. T. C. Hartley, The Foundations of European Community Law (Oxford University Press 4th edn., 1998), at 102. Italics in the original.
133. Weiler, 'The Transformation of Europe' (1991) 100 Yale LJ 2403, at 2445.
134. Von Bogdandy and Bast, 'The Union's Powers: A Question of Competence. The Vertical Order of Competences and Proposals for its Reform' (2002) 38 CMLRev 227.
135. de Búrca 'Setting Limits to EU Competences' Francisco Lucas Pires Working paper 2001/02, #http://www.fd.unl.pt/je/wpflp02a.doc#.
136. I. Macleod, I. Hendry, and S. Hyett, The External Relations of the European Communities: A Manual of Law and Practice (Oxford University Press, 1996).
137. D. McGoldrick, International Relations Law of the European Union (Longman, 1997).
138. M. Koskenniemi (ed), International Law Aspects of the European Union (Kluwer, 1998).
139. A. Dashwood and C. Hillion (eds), The General Law of EC External Relations (Sweet & Maxwell, 2000).
140. P. Eeckhout, External Relations of the European Union: Legal and Constitutional Foundations (Oxford University Press, 2004).
141. P. Craig and G. de Búrca, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., 2002), Chap. 1.
142. Eeckhout and Tridimas, 'The External Competence of the Community and the Case-Law of the Court of Justice: Principle Versus Pragmatism' (1994) 14 YBEL 143.
143. Cremona, 'External Relations and External Competence: the Emergence of an Integrated Policy', in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds), The Evolution of EU Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), 137.
144. Dashwood and Heliskoski, 'The Classic Authorities Revisited', in A. Dashwood and C. Hillion (eds), The General Law of EC External Relations (Sweet & Maxwell, 2000), 3.
145. D. O'Keeffe and H. Schermers (eds), Mixed Agreements (Martinus Nijhoff, 1983).
146. Cremona, 'The Doctrine of Exclusivity and the Position of Mixed Agreements in the External Relations of the European Community' (1982) 2 OJLS 393.
147. A. Estella, The EU Principle of Subsidiarity and its Critique (Oxford University Press, 2002), at 82-89.
148. Constantinesco, 'Who's Afraid of Subsidiarity?' (1991) 11 YBEL 33.
149. Toth, 'The Principle of Subsidiarity in the Maastricht Treaty' (1992) 29 CMLRev 1079.
150. Emiliou, 'Subsidiarity: An Effective Barrier against the "Enterprises of Ambition"?' (1992) 17 ELRev 383.
151. Dehousse, 'Does Subsidiarity Really Matter?', EUI Working Paper in Law 92/32.
152. Toth, 'A Legal Analysis of Subsidiarity', in D. O'Keeffe and P. M. Twomey (eds), Legal Issues of the Maastricht Treaty (Chancery, 1994), Chap. 3.
153. Lenaerts, 'The Principle of Subsidiarity and the Environment in the European Union: Keeping the Balance of Federalism' (1994) 17 Fordham ILJ 846.
154. Lenaerts and Ypersele, 'Le Principe de Subsidiarité et Son Contexte:Etude de L'Article 3B du Traité CE' (1994) 30 CDE 3.
155. Bermann, 'Taking Subsidiarity Seriously: Federalism in the EC and in the USA' (1994) 94 Columbia Law Rev 331.
156. Harrison, 'Subsidiarity in Article 3b of the EC Treaty:Gobbledegook or Justiciable Principle?' (1996) 45 ICLQ 431.
157. de Búrca, 'Reappraising Subsidiarity's Significance after Amsterdam' Jean Monnet Working Paper 7/1999, #http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/#.
158. de Witte and de Burca, 'The Delimitation of Powers between the European Union and its Member States', in A. Arnull and D. Wincott (eds), Accountability and Legitimacy in the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2002), Chap. 12.
159. Bermann, 'Competences of the Union', in T. Tridimas and P. Nebbia (eds), European Union Law for the Twenty-First Century, Rethinking the New Legal Order, Vol. I (Hart, 2004), at 70-72.
160. Pollack, 'Creeping Competence: The Expanding Agenda of the European Community' (1994) 14 Journal of Public Policy 95.
161. The Future of the Judicial System of the European Union (Proposals and Reflections) (May 1999), available at #http://europa.eu.int/cj/en/instit/txtdocfr/autrestxts/ave.pdf#.
162. Turner and Munoz, 'Revising the Judicial Architecture of the European Union' (1999-2000) 19 YBEL 1.
163. Arnull, 'Judicial Architecture or Judicial Folly? The Challenge Facing the European Union' (1999) 24 ELRev 516.
164. Rasmussen, 'Remedying the Crumbling EC Judicial System' (2000) 37 CMLRev 1071.
165. Craig, 'The Jurisdiction of the Community Courts Reconsidered', in G. de Búrca and J. Weiler (eds), The European Court of Justice (Oxford University Press, 2001), Chap. 6.
166. A. Dashwood and A. Johnston (eds), The Future of the Judicial System of the European Union (Hart, 2001).
167. Forwood, 'The Judicial Architecture of the European Union-the Challenges of Change', in M. Hoskins and W. Robinson (eds), A True European, Essays for Judge David Edward (Hart, 2003), at 81.
168. Timmermans, 'The European Union's Judicial System' (2004) 41 CMLRev 393.
169. Proceedings of the Court of Justice, Annual Report 2004, at 12, available at #http://europa.eu.int/cj/en/plan/index.htm#.
170. Jacobs, 'Recent and Ongoing Measures to Improve the Efficiency of the European Court of Justice' (2004) 29 ELRev 823, at 827-828.
171. Rawlings, 'Citizen Action and Institutional Attitudes in Commission Enforcement' (2000) 6 ELJ 4.
172. P. Craig and G. de Burca, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., 2003), at 457-460.
173. Draft Council Decision, Amending the Protocol on the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, specifies in greater detail this review function of the ECJ, available at #http://europa.eu.int/cj/en/plan/index.htm#.
174. #http://europa.eu.int/cj/en/plan/index.htm#.
175. Jacque and Weiler, 'On the Road to European Union-A New Judicial Architecture: An Agenda for the Intergovernmental Conference' (1990) 27 CMLRev 185.
176. Craig, 'Constitutional Reform and Process in the EU: Nice, Laeken, the Convention and the IGC' (2004) 10 EPL 653.
177. Committee of Independent Experts, First Report on Allegations regarding Fraud, Mismanagement and Nepotism in the European Commission (15 March 1999), at 1.4.2.
178. P. Craig, Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 5th ed., 2003), Chap. 5.
179. Freedland, 'Government by Contract and Private Law' [1994] PL 86.
180. Committee of Independent Experts, Second Report on Reform of the Commission, Analysis of Current Practice and Proposals for Tackling Mismanagement, Irregularities and Fraud (10 September 1999).
181. Spence, 'Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose? Attempting to reform the European Commission' (2000) 7 JEPP 1, at 9-10.
182. Committee of Independent Experts, Second Report on Reform of the Commission, Analysis of Current Practice and Proposals for Tackling Mismanagement, Irregularities and Fraud (10 September 1999).
183. Committee of Independent Experts, Second Report, Vol. I, at 4.6.2.
184. Lenaerts, 'L'Égalité de Traitement en Droit Communautaire' (1991) 27 CDE 3.
185. S. Fredman, Discrimination Law (Oxford University Press, 2002), at 7-11.
186. P. Craig and G. de Búrca, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., 2003), Chaps. 13-18.
187. C. Barnard, The Substantive Law of the EU, The Four Freedoms (Oxford University Press, 2004).
188. O'Keeffe, 'Judicial Interpretation of the Public Service Exception to the Free Movement of Workers', in D. Curtin and D. O'Keeffe (eds), Constitutional Adjudication in European Community and National Law (Butterworths, 1992), at 105.
189. O'Leary, 'Nationality Law and Community Citizenship: A Tale of Two Uneasy Bedfellows' (1992) 12 YBEL 353.
190. O' Leary, 'Putting Flesh on the Bones of European Union Citizenship' (1999) 24 ELRev 68.
191. White, 'Free Movement, Equal Treatment and Citizenship of the Union' (2005) 54 ICLQ 885.
192. More, 'The Principle of Equal Treatment: From Market Unifier to Fundamental Right', in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds), The Evolution of EU Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), at 530-535.
193. J. Schwarze, European Administrative Law (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities and Sweet & Maxwell, 1992), at 563-564.
194. Barents, 'Recent Developments in Community Case Law in the field of Agriculture' (1997) 34 CMLRev 811, at 842.
195. M. Bell, Anti-discrimination Law and the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2002), at 6-7. Italics in the original.
196. Deakin and Wilkinson, 'Rights vs Efficiency? The Economic Case for Transnational Labour Standards' (1994) 23 ILJ 289.
197. Everson, 'The Legacy of the Market Citizen', in J. Shaw and G. More (eds), New Legal Dynamics of the European Union (Oxford University Press, 1995), at 73-90.
198. S. Prechal and N. Burrows, Gender Discrimination Law of the European Community (Dartmouth, 1990).
199. T. Hervey and D. O'Keefe, Sex Equality in the European Union (Wiley, 1996).
200. C. Hoskyns, Integrating Gender-Women, Law and Politics in the European Union (Verso, 1996).
201. A. Dashwood and S. O'Leary, The Principle of Equal Treatment in European Community Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 1997).
202. E. Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law (Oxford University Press, 2005).
203. Shaw, 'The Burden of Proof and the Legality of Supplementary Payments in Equal Pay Cases' (1990) 15 ELRev 260.
204. Szyszczak, 'L'Espace Social Européenne:Reality, Dreams or Nightmares?' [1990] German Yearbook of International Law 284, at 296.
205. Fredman, 'Affirmative Action and the Court of Justice: A Critical Analysis', in J. Shaw (ed), Social Law and Policy in an Evolving European Union (Hart, 2000), at 172-173.
206. Flynn, 'The Implications of Article 13 EC-After Amsterdam will some Forms of Discrimination be More Equal than Others?' (1999) 36 CMLRev 1127.
207. Waddington, 'Testing the Limits of the EC Treaty Article on Non-Discrimination' (1999) 28 ILJ 133.
208. Barnard, 'EU Citizenship and the Principle of Solidarity', in M. Dougan and E. Spaventa (eds), Social Welfare and EU Law (Hart, 2005), Chap. 8.
209. J. Schwarze, European Administrative Law (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities/Sweet & Maxwell, 1992), at 40.
210. Craig, 'Formal and Substantive Conceptions of the Rule of Law: An Analytical Framework' [1997] PL 467.
211. T. Tridimas, The General Principles of EC Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), at 11.
212. M. Luisa Fernandez Esteban, The Rule of Law in the European Constitution (Kluwer Law International, 1999), at 106-122.
213. Craig, 'Democracy and Rulemaking within the EC: An Empirical and Normative Assessment' (1997) 3 ELJ 105.
214. Lenaerts and Verhoeven, 'Institutional Balance as a Guarantee for Democracy in EU Governance', in C. Joerges and R. Dehousse (eds), Good Governance in Europe's Integrated Market (Oxford University Press, 2002), Chap. 2.
215. Smismans, 'Institutional Balance as Interest Representation. Some Reflections on Lenaerts and Verhoeven', in Good Governance in Europe's Integrated Market, Chap. 3.
216. Jaque, 'The Principle of Institutional Balance' (2004) 41 CMLRev 383.
217. J.G.A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton University Press, 1975).
218. Virtue, Commerce and History (Cambridge University Press, 1985).
219. Sunstein, 'Interest Groups in American Public Law' 38 Stan L Rev 29 (1985).
220. 'Beyond the Republican Revival' 97 Yale LJ 1539 (1988).
221. Michelman, 'Foreword: Traces of Self-Government' 100 Harv L Rev 4 (1986).
222. P. Craig, Public Law and Democracy in the United Kingdom and the United States of America (Oxford University Press, 1990), Chap. 10.
223. Weiler, 'Pride and Prejudice-Parliament v Council' (1989) 14 ELRev 334.
224. Bradley, 'Sense and Sensibility: Parliament v Council Continued' (1991) 16 ELRev 245.
225. Bebr, 'The Standing of the European Parliament in the Community System of Legal Remedies: A Thorny Jurisprudential Development' (1990) 10 YBEL 171.
226. Ross, 'Beyond Francovich' (1993) 56 MLR 55.
227. Craig, 'Francovich, Remedies and the Scope of Damages Liability' (1993) 109 LQR 595.
228. Dougan, 'The Francovich Right to Reparation: Reshaping the Contours of Community Remedial Competence' (2000) 6 EPL 103.
229. European Ombudsman, The European Code of Good Administrative Behaviour (2005), available at #http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/code/pdf/en/code2005_en.pdf#.
230. Bodies and Agencies to Mark the 10th Anniversary of the European Ombudsman Institution, available at #http://www.euroombudsman. eu.int/10anniversary/en/2005-11-17b.htm#.
231. #http://www.euroombudsman. eu.int/10anniversary/fr/2005-11-17a.htm#.
232. Bailey, 'Standard of Proof in EC Merger Proceedings: A Common Law Perspective' (2003) 40 CMLRev 845.
233. Bailey, 'Scope of Judicial Review under Article 81 EC' (2004) 41 CMLRev 1327.
234. Wilson, 'A Note on Fact and Law' (1963) 26.
235. 'Questions of Degree' (1969) 32 MLR 361.
236. Mureinik, 'The Application of Rules; Law or Fact?' (1982) 98 LQR 587.
237. Beatson, 'The Scope of Judicial Review for Error of Law' (1984) 4 OJLS 22.
238. Endicott, 'Questions of Law' (1998) 114 LQR 292.
239. Craig, 'Judicial Review, Appeal and Factual Error' [2004] PL 788, at 793-796.
240. A. Aman and W. Mayton, Administrative Law (West, 2nd ed., 2001), at 471-505.
241. D. Brown and J. Evans, Judicial Review of Administrative Action in Canada (1998), Chap. 14.
242. D. Mullan, Administrative Law (Irwin Law, 2001), Chaps. 3-5.
243. Madame Justice L'Heureux-Dubé, 'The "Ebb" and "Flow" of Administrative Law on the "General Question of Law" ', in M. Taggart (ed), The Province of Administrative Law (Hart, 1997), Chap. 14.
244. Lord Mackenzie Stuart, The European Communities and the Rule of Law (Stevens, 1977), at 91, 96.
245. Judge Vesterdorf, 'Certain Reflections on Recent Judgments Reviewing Commission Merger Control Decisions', in M. Hoskins and W. Robinson (eds), A True European, Essays for Judge David Edward (Hart, 2003), Chap. 10.
246. S. Breyer, et al., Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy (Aspen Law & Business, 5th ed., 2002), at 415.
247. Shapiro, 'Codification of Administrative Law: The US and the Union' (1996) 2 ELJ 26, at 28.
248. Environmental Defense Fund Inc v Ruckelshaus 439 F2d 584 (DC Cir 1971).
249. Leventhal, 'Environmental Decision Making and the Role of the Courts' 122 U Pa L Rev 509 (1974).
250. Stewart, 'The Reformation of American Administrative Law' 88 Harv L Rev 1667 (1975).
251. Stewart, 'The Development of Administrative and Quasi-Constitutional Law in Judicial Review of Environmental Decision Making; Lessons From the Clean Air Act' 62 Iowa L Rev 713 (1977).
252. Aman, 'Administrative Law in a Global Era:Progress, Deregulatory Change & The Rise of the Administrative Presidency' 73 Corn L Rev 1101 (1988).
253. Breyer, 'Vermont Yankee and the Courts' Role in the Nuclear Energy Controversy' 91 Harv L Rev 1833 (1978).
254. Skelly Wright, 'The Courts and the Rulemaking Process: The Limits of Judicial Review' 59 Cornell L Rev 375 (1974).
255. Tribe, 'The Puzzling Persistence of Process Based Constitutional Theories' 89 Yale LJ 1063 (1980).
256. Brest, 'The Substance of Process' 42 Ohio St. LJ 131 (1981).
257. Dworkin, 'The Forum of Principle' 56 NYUL Rev 469 (1981).
258. S. Schonberg, Legitimate Expectations in Administrative Law (Oxford University Press, 2000).
259. J. Schwarze, European Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 1992), Chap. 6.
260. T. Tridimas, The General Principles of EC Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), Chap. 5.
261. Sharpston, 'Legitimate Expectations and Economic Reality' (1990) 15 ELRev 103.
262. J. Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain (Oxford University Press, 1994), Chap. 17.
263. L. Senden, Soft Law in European Community Law (Hart, 2004).
264. della Cananea, 'Administration by Guidelines: The Policy Guidelines of the Commission in the Field of State Aids', in I. Harden (ed), State Aid:Community Law and Policy (Bundesanzeiger, 1993), at 68.
265. Kaiser and Prange, 'Managing Diversity in a System of Multi-Level Governance: The Open Method of Coordination In Innovation Policy' (2004) 11 JEPP 249.
266. Caviedes, 'The Open Method of Coordination in Immigration Policy: A Tool for Prying Open Fortress Europe?' (2004) 11 JEPP 289.
267. Harden, 'The Fiscal Constitution of EMU', in P. Beaumont and N. Walker (eds), The Legal Framework of the Single European Currency (Hart, 1999), at. 71-93.
268. Hodson and Maher, 'The Open Method as a New Mode of Governance: The Case of Soft Economic Policy Coordination' (2001) 39 JCMS 719.
269. Thirteenth Report of the House of Lords' Select Committee on the European Union: The Stability and Growth Pact (HL 72; 2002-03).
270. Begg, Hodson, and Maher, 'Economic Policy Coordination in the European Union' (2003) 183 National Institute Economic Review 66.
271. Amtenbrink and de Haan, 'Economic Governance in the European Union' (2003) 40 CMLRev 1075.
272. Begg, 'Hard and Soft Policy Coordination under EMU: Problems, Paradoxes and Prospects' (2004) London School of Economics and Political Science, Centre for European Studies, Working Paper 103.
273. Maher, 'Law and the Open Method of Coordination: Towards a New Flexibility in European Policy-Making?' (2004) 2(2) Zeitschrift fur Staats-und Europawissenschaften.
274. Hodson, 'Macroeconomic Co-ordination in the Euro Area: The Scope and Limits of the Open Method' (2004) 11 JEPP 231.
275. Hodson and Maher, 'Soft Law and Sanctions: Economic Policy Coordination and Reform of the Stability and Growth Pact' (2004) 11 JEPP 798.
276. Louis, 'The Economic and Monetary Union:Law and Institutions' (2004) 41 CMLRev 575.
277. Begg and Schelkle, 'Can Fiscal Policy Co-ordination be Made to Work Effectively?' (2004) 42 JCMS 1047.
278. Dyson, 'EMU as Europeanization: Convergence, Diversity and Contingency' (2000) 38 JCMS 645.
279. Maher, 'Economic Policy Coordination and the European Court: Excessive Deficits and ECOFIN Discretion' (2004) 29 ELRev 831.
280. Kenner, 'EC Labour Law: The Softly, Softly Approach' (1995) 14 IJCLLIR 307.
281. Goetschy, 'The European Employment Strategy: Genesis and Development' (1999) 5 EJIR 117.
282. Mosher, 'Open Method of Coordination:Functional and Political Origins' (2000) 13 ECSA Review 2.
283. Goetschy, 'The European Employment Strategy from Amsterdam to Stockholm: Has it Reached Cruising Speed Yet?' (2001) 32 IRJ 401.
284. de la Porte, 'Is the Open Method of Coordination Appropriate for Organising Activities at European Level in Sensitive Policy Areas' (2002) 8 ELJ 38.
285. C. de la Porte and P. Pochet, Building Social Europe through the Open Method of Coordination (PIE-Peter Lang, 2002).
286. Trubek and Mosher, 'New Governance, Employment Policy and the European Social Model', in J. Zeitlin and D. Trubek (eds), Governing Work and Welfare in a New Economy (Oxford University Press, 2003), Chap. 2.
287. Regent, 'The Open Method of Coordination: A New Supranational Form of Governance?' (2003) 9 ELJ 190.
288. de la Porte and Nanz, 'The OMC-A Deliberative-Democratic Mode of Governance? The Cases of Employment and Pensions' (2004) 11 JEPP 267.
289. Mosher and Trubek, 'Alternative Approaches to Governance in the EU: EU Social Policy and the European Employment Strategy' (2003) 41 JCMS 63.
290. Watt, 'Reform of the European Employment Strategy after Five Years: A Change of Course or Merely of Presentation?' (2004) 10 EJIR 117.
291. Rhodes, 'Employment Policy: Between Efficacy and Experimentation', in H. Wallace, W. Wallace and M. Pollack (eds), Policy-Making in the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2005), Chap. 11.
292. Zeitlin, 'The Open Method of Coordination in Action: Theoretical Promise, Empirical Realities, Reform Strategy', in J. Zeitlin and P. Pochet with L. Magnusson (eds), The Open Method of Coordination in Action: The European Employment and Social Inclusion Strategies (PIE-Peter Lang, 2005), Chap. 14.
293. D. Ashiagbor, The European Employment Strategy: Labour Market Regulation and New Governance (Oxford University Press, 2005).
294. Goetschy, 'The European Employment Strategy, Multi-Level Governance and Policy Coordination: Past, Present and Future', in J. Zeitlin and D. Trubek (eds), Governing Work and Welfare in a New Economy, European and American Experiments (Oxford University Press, 2003), Chap. 3.
295. Streeck, 'From Market-Making to State-Building: Reflections on the Political Economy of European Social Policy', in S. Leibfried and P. Pierson (eds), European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration (Brookings Institution, 1995), 389-431.
296. Scharpf, 'The European Social Model: Coping with the Challenges of Diversity' (2002) 40 JCMS 645.
297. 'Legitimate Diversity: The New Challenge of European Integration' in T. Borzel and R. Cichowski (eds), The State of the European Union, Vol. 6: Law, Politics and Society (Oxford University Press, 2003), Chap. 4.
298. Atkinson and Davoudi, 'The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European Union' (2000) 38 JCMS 3.
299. I. Begg, et al., Social Exclusion and Social Protection in the European Union: Policy Issues and Proposals for the Future Role of the EU (2001).
300. T. Atkinson, et al., Indicators for Social Exclusion in the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2001).
301. Wincott, 'Beyond Social Regulation? New Instruments and/or a New Agenda for Social Policy at Lisbon' (2003) 81 Pub Adm 533.
302. Armstrong, 'Tackling Social Exclusion through the OMC: Rebuilding the Boundaries of EU Governance', in T. Boerzel and R. Cichowski (eds), The State of the European Union: Law, Politics and Society, Vol. 6 (Oxford University Press, 2003), Chap. 8.
303. Atkinson, Marlier, and Nolan, 'Indicators and Targets for Social Inclusion in the European Union' (2004) 42 JCMS 47.
304. Scott and Trubek, 'Mind the Gap: Law and New Approaches to Governance in the European Union' (2002) 8 ELJ 1.
305. Dehousse, 'Conclusion:du bon usage de la methode ouverte de coordination', in R. Dehousse, et al., L'Europe sans Bruxelles? Une Analyse Ouverte de Coordination (L'Harmattan, 2004), at 157-180.
306. Abbott, et al., 'The Concept of Legalization' (2000) 54 International Organization 401.
307. Abbott and Snidal, 'Hard Law and Soft Law in International Governance' (2000) 54 International Organization 421.
308. Trubek and Trubek, 'Hard and Soft Law in the Construction of Social Europe: The Role of the Open Method of Co-ordination' (2005) 11 ELJ 343.
309. de la Rosa, 'The Open Method of Coordination in the New Member States-the Perspectives for its Use as a Tool of Soft Law' (2005) 11 ELJ 618.
310. Borras and Jacobsson, 'The Open Method of Coordination and New Governance Patterns in the EU' (2004) 11 JEPP 185, at 188-189.
311. #http://www.europa.eu.int/yourvoice/ipm/index_en.htm#.
312. Jacobsson and Vifell, 'Towards Deliberative Supranationalism? Analysing the Role of Committees in Soft Coordination', GOVECOR Final Review Meeting, Brussels, 16-17 February 2004, available at #http://eucenter.wisc.edu/OMC/open12.html#terms#, at 23.
313. Cohen and Sabel, 'Directly-deliberative Polyarchy' (1997) 3 ELJ 313.
314. Gerstenberg and Sabel, 'Directly-deliberative Polyarchy: An Institutional Ideal for Europe?, in C. Joerges and R. Dehousse (eds), Good Governance in Europe's Integrated Markets (Oxford University Press, 2002), at 289-342.
315. Sabel and Zeitlin, 'Active Welfare, Experimental Governance, Pragmatic Constitutionalism: The New Transformation of Europe' (2003) available online at #http://www2.law.columbia.edu/sable/papers.htm#.
316. Zeitlin, 'Social Europe and Experimentalist Governance: Towards a New Constitutional Compromise?', in G. de Burca (ed.), EU Law and the Welfare State, In Search of Solidarity (Oxford University Press, 2005), Chap. 7.
317. Eberlein and Kerwer, 'New Governance in the European Union: A Theoretical Perspective' (2004) 42 JCMS 121.
318. Smismans, 'Reflexive Law in Support of Directly Deliberative Polyarchy: Reflexive-Deliberative Polyarchy as a Normative Frame for the OMC', in O. De Schutter and S. Deakin (eds), Social Rights and Market Forces, Is the Open Coordination of Employment and Social Policies the Future of Social Europe? (Bruylant, 2005), at 99-144.
319. Armstrong, 'Inclusive Governance? Civil Society and the Open Method of Coordination', in S. Smismans (ed.), Civil Society and Legitimate European Governance (Edward Elgar, 2006), Chap. 3.
320. Cohen and Sabel, 'Sovereignty and Solidarity: EU and US', in J. Zeitlin and D. Trubek (eds), Governing Work and Welfare in a New Economy, European and American Experiments (Oxford University Press, 2003), at 366.
321. De la Porte and Pochet, 'The Participative Dimension of the OMC', paper delivered at the Conference on 'Opening the Open Method of Coordination', EUI Florence, 4 July 2003.
322. Radaelli, 'The Open Method of Coordination: A New Governance Architecture for the European Union' (2003) 1 Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies 1, at 49-50.
323. Wessels, 'Open Methods of Coordination, New Modes of Governance as a Typical Step in the Evolution of the EU System' (2003), at 20.
324. Arrowsmith, Sisson, and Marginson, 'What can Benchmarking Offer the Open Method of Coordination?' (2004) 11 JEPP 311, at 324.
325. Casey and Gold, 'Peer Review of Labour Market Programmes in the European Union: What Can Countries Really Learn from One Another?' (2005) 12 JEPP 23.
326. De Búrca, 'The Constitutional Challenge of New Governance in the European Union' (2003) 28 ELRev 814, at 818.
327. Kilpatrick, 'New EU Employment Governance and Constitutionalism', in G. de Burca and J. Scott (eds), New Governance and Constitutionalism in the EU and the US (Hart, 2006, forthcoming).
328. De Búrca and Zeitlin, 'Constitutionalising the Open Method of Coordination: What Should the Convention Propose?' (2003) Centre for European Policy Studies Brief No. 31.
329. #http://www.mutual-learning-employment.net/#.
330. Bernard, 'A "New Governance" Approach to Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the EU', in T. Hervey and J. Kenner (eds), Economic and Social Rights under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (Hart, 2003), Chap. 11.
331. P. Birkinshaw, Freedom of Information, The Law, the Practice and the Ideal (Butterworths, 3rd ed., 2001).
332. P. Birkinshaw, Government and Information: The Law Relating to Access, Disclosure and Their Regulation (Tottel, 3rd ed., 2005).
333. Weatherill, 'New Strategies for Managing the EC's Internal Market' (2000) 53 CLP 595, at 608-617.
334. Peers, 'From Maastricht to Laeken: The Political Agenda of Openness and Transparency in the EU', in V. Deckmyn (ed), Increasing Transparency in the European Union (Maastricht EIPA, 2002).
335. Tomkins, 'Transparency and the Emergence of a European Administrative Law' (1999-2000) 19 YBEL 217.
336. Lodge, 'Transparency and Democratic Legitimacy' (1994) 32 JCMS 343.
337. de Búrca, 'The Quest for Legitimacy in the European Union' (1996) 59 MLR 359.
338. Curtin, 'Betwixt and Between: Democracy and Transparency in the Governance of the European Union', in J. Winter et al. (eds), Reforming the Treaty on European Union: The Legal Debate (Kluwer, 1996), at 95.
339. Curtin, 'Citizens' Fundamental Right of Access to EU Information: An Evolving Digital Passepartout?' (2000) 37 CMLRev 7.
340. M. Westlake, The Commission and the Parliament, Partners and Rivals in the European Policy-Making Process (Butterworths, 1994), at 159-161.
341. Peers, 'The New Regulation on Access to Documents:A Critical Analysis' (2002) 21 YBEL 385.
342. Broberg, 'Access to Documents:A General Principle of Community Law' (2002) 27 ELRev 194.
343. de Leeuw, 'The Regulation on Public Access to European Parliament, Council and Commission Documents in the European Union: Are Citizens Better Off? ' (2003) 28 ELRev 324.
344. Bjurluf and Elgström, 'Negotiating Transparency' (2004) 42 JCMS 249.
345. Lenaerts, '"In the Union we Trust": Trust Enhancing Principles of Community Law' (2004) 41 CMLRev 317, at 321.
346. Shaw, 'Transparency and the Council of Ministers' (2006) Federal Trust Newsletter 3. #http://europa.eu.int/comm/commission_barroso/kallas/transparency_en.htm#.
347. J. Mashaw, Due Process in the Administrative State (Yale University Press, 1985).
348. D. Galligan, Due Process and Fair Procedures (Oxford University Press, 1996), at 75-82.
349. Resnick, 'Due Process and Procedural Justice', in J. Pennock and J. Chapman (eds), Due Process (Nomos, 1977), at 217.
350. H.L.A. Hart, Concept of Law (Clarendon Press, 1961), at 156, 202.
351. J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press, 1973), at 235.
352. Harlow, 'Codification of EC Administrative Procedures? Fitting the Foot to the Shoe or the Shoe to the Foot' (1996) 2 ELJ 3.
353. Shapiro, 'Codification of Administrative Law: The US and the Union' (1996) 2 ELJ 26.
354. della Cananea, 'Beyond the State: The Europeanization and Globalization of Procedural Administrative Law' (2003) 9 EPL 563.
355. J. Schwarze, European Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 1992), at 1363-1364.
356. P. Craig, Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 5th ed., 2003), Chap. 23.
357. Levitt, 'Access to the File: the Commission's Administrative Procedures in Cases under Articles 85 and 86' (1997) 34 CMLRev 1413.
358. Ehlermann and Drijber, 'Legal Protection of Enterprises: Administrative Procedure, in particular Access to Files and Confidentiality' [1996] ECLRev 375.
359. H. Nehl, Principles of Administrative Procedure in EC Law (Hart, 1999), Chap. 5.
360. P. van Dijk and G van Hoof, Theory and Practice of the European Convention of Human Rights (Kluwer Law International, 3rd ed., 1998), Chap. 7, Part 6.
361. Craig, 'The Human Rights Act, Article 6 and Procedural Rights' [2003] PL 753.
362. Judge B. Vesterdorf, 'Certain Reflections on Recent Judgments Reviewing Commission Merger Control Decisions', in M. Hoskins and W. Robinson (eds), A True European, Essays for Judge David Edward (Hart, 2004), Chap. 10.
363. De Smith, Woolf and Jowell, Judicial Review of Administrative Action (Sweet & Maxwell, 5th ed., 1995), at 267-271.
364. Schwarze, 'Developing Principles of European Administrative Law' [1993] PL 229.
365. Nolte, 'General Principles of German and European Administrative Law-A Comparison in Historical Perspective' (1994) 57 MLR 191.
366. Hancher, 'State Aids and Judicial Control in the European Communities' [1994] ECLRev 134.
367. Kanska, 'Towards Administrative Human Rights in the EU. Impact of the Charter of Fundamental Rights' (2004) 10 ELJ 296.
368. Ward, 'Access to Justice', in S. Peers and A. Ward (eds), The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Politics, Law and Policy (Hart, 2004), Chap. 5.
369. European Ombudsman, The European Code of Good Administrative Behaviour (2005), available at #http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/code/pdf/en/code2005_en.pdf#.
370. Wesseling, 'The Commission White Paper on Modernisation of EC Antitrust Law: Unspoken Consequences and Incomplete Treatment of Alternative Options' [1999] ECLR 420.
371. Ehlermann, 'The Modernization of EC Antitrust Policy: A Legal and Cultural Revolution' (2000) 37 CMLRev 537.
372. Schaub, 'Modernisation of EC Competition Law: Reform of Regulation No. 17', in B. Hawk (ed), Fordham Corporate Law Institute (Fordham, 2000), Chap. 10.
373. Whish, and Sufrin, 'Community Competition Law: Notification and Exemption-Goodbye to All That', in D. Hayton (ed), Law's Future(s): British Legal Developments in the 21st Century (Hart, 2000), Chap. 8.
374. Gerber, 'Modernising European Competition Law: A Developmental Perspective' [2001] ECLR 122.
375. Shapiro, 'The Giving Reasons Requirement' (1992) U Chic Legal Forum 179, at 203-204.
376. A. Aman and W. Mayton, Administrative Law (West Group, 2nd ed., 2001), Chap. 2.
377. Shapiro, 'APA: Past, Present and Future' 72 Va L Rev 447 (1986).
378. J. Schwarze, European Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 1992), Chap. 5.
379. de Búrca, 'The Principle of Proportionality and its Application in EC Law' (1993) 13 YBEL 105.
380. N. Emiliou, The Principle of Proportionality in European Law (Kluwer, 1996).
381. G. Gerapetritis, Proportionality in Administrative Law (Sakkoulas, 1997).
382. E. Ellis, (ed), The Principle of Proportionality in the Laws of Europe (Hart, 1999).
383. T. Tridimas, The General Principles of EC Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), Chap. 3.
384. U. Bernitz and J. Nergelius, General Principles of European Community Law (Kluwer, 2000).
385. Peers, 'Taking Rights Away? Limitations and Derogations', in S. Peers and A. Ward (eds), The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Politics, Law and Policy (Hart, 2004), at 142-149.
386. de Witte, 'The Past and Future Role of the European Court of Justice in the Protection of Human Rights', in P. Alston (ed), with M. Bustelo and J. Heenan, The EU and Human Rights (Oxford University Press, 1999), at 880.
387. J. Schwarze, European Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 1992), Chap. 5.
388. de Búrca, 'The Principle of Proportionality and its Application in EC Law' (1993) 13 YBEL 105.
389. N. Emiliou, The Principle of Proportionality in European Law (Kluwer, 1996).
390. G. Gerapetritis, Proportionality in Administrative Law (Sakkoulas, 1997).
391. E. Ellis, (ed), The Principle of Proportionality in the Laws of Europe (Hart, 1999).
392. T. Tridimas, The General Principles of EC Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), Chap. 4.
393. U. Bernitz and J. Nergelius, General Principles of European Community Law (Kluwer, 2000).
394. P. Craig and G. de Búrca, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., 2003), at 636-658.
395. Lord Slynn, 'The Concept of Free Movement of Goods and the Reservation for National Action under Art. 36 EEC', in J. Schwarze (ed), Discretionary Powers of the Member States in the Field of Economic Policies and their Limits under the EEC Treaty (Nomos 1988).
396. Dougan 'Cutting your Losses in the Enforcement Deficit: A Community Right to the Recovery of Unlawfully Levied Charges?' (1998) 1 CYELS 233.
397. Ward, 'Effective Sanctions in EC Law: A Moving Boundary in the Division of Competence' (1995) 1 ELJ 205.
398. Chiti, 'Towards a Unified Judicial Protection in Europe(?)' (1997) 9 ERPL 553.
399. Himsworth, 'Things Fall Apart:The Harmonisation of Community Judicial Protection Revisited' (1997) 22 ELRev 291.
400. Craufurd Smith, 'Remedies for Breaches of EU Law in National Courts: Legal Variation and Selection', in P. Craig and G. de Burca (eds), The Evolution of EU Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), Chap. 8.
401. A. Ward, Judicial Review and the Rights of Private Parties in EC Law (Oxford University Press, 2000), Chaps. 2-4.
402. P. Craig and G. de Burca, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., 2002), Chap. 6.
403. Flynn, 'Whatever Happened to Emmott? The Perfecting of Community Rules on National Time Limits', in C. Kilpatrick, T. Novitz, and P. Skidmore (eds), The Future of Remedies in Europe (Hart, 2000), Chap. 2.
404. Fitzpatrick and Szyszczak, 'Remedies and Effective Judicial Protection in Community Law' (1994) 57 MLR 434.
405. Coppel, 'Time up for Emmott?' (1996) 25 ILJ 153.
406. R. Williams, Unjust Enrichment and Public Law, A Comparative Study of England, France and the EU (Hart, forthcoming 2007), Chap. 7.
407. A Jones, Restitution and European Community Law (Mansfield Press, 2000).
408. Bridge, 'Procedural Aspects of the Enforcement of European Community Law through the Legal Systems of Member States' (1984) 9 ELRev 28.
409. Hoskins, 'Tilting the Balance: Remedies and National Procedural Rules' (1996) 21 ELRev 365.
410. Harlow, 'Voices of Difference in a Pluralist Community', in P. Beaumont, C. Lyons, and N. Walker (eds), Convergence and Divergence in European Public Law (Hart, 2002), Chap. 11.
411. Curtin, 'State Liability under Private Law: A New Remedy for Private Parties' [1992] ILJ 74.
412. Lewis and Moore, 'Duties, Directives and Damages in European Community Law' [1993] PL 151.
413. Ross, 'Beyond Francovich' (1993) 56 MLR 55.
414. Craig, 'Francovich, Remedies and the Scope of Damages Liability' (1993) 109 LQR 595.
415. Steiner, 'From Direct Effects to Francovich:Shifting Means of Enforcement of Community Law' (1993) 18 ELRev 3.
416. Dougan, 'The Francovich Right to Reparation: Reshaping the Contours of Community Remedial Competence' (2000) 6 EPL 103.
417. Van Gerven, 'Bridging the Unbridgeable: Community and National Tort Laws after Francovich and Brasserie' (1996) 45 ICLQ 507.
418. Harlow, 'The Problem of the Disobedient State' (1996) 2 ELJ 199.
419. Emiliou, 'State Liability under Community Law: Shedding More Light on the Francovich Principle' (1996) 21 ELRev 399.
420. Convery, 'State Liability in the UK after Brasserie du Pêcheur' (1997) 34 CMLRev 603.
421. Craig, 'Once More unto the Breach: The Community, the State and Damages Liability' (1997) 113 LQR 67.
422. Deards, 'Curiouser and Curiouser? The Development of Member State Liability in the Court of Justice' (1997) 3 EPL 117.
423. Steiner, 'The Limits of State Liability for Breach of European Community Law' (1998) 4 EPL 69.
424. Tridimas, 'Liability for Breach of Community Law: Growing Up and Mellowing Down?' (2001) 38 CMLRev 301.
425. Dougan, 'What is the Point of Francovich?', in T. Tridimas and P. Nebbia (eds), European Union Law for the Twenty-First Century: Rethinking the New Legal Order (2004), Chap. 14.
426. Smith and Woods, 'Causation in Francovich: The Neglected Problem' (1997) 46 ICLQ 925.
427. Anagnostaras, 'The Allocation of Responsibility in State Liability Actions for Breach of Community Law: A Modern Gordian Knot?' (2001) 26 ELRev 139.
428. De la Sierra, 'Provisional Court Protection in Administrative Disputes in Europe: The Constitutional Status of Interim Measures Deriving from the Right to Effective Court Protection. A Comparative Approach' (2004) 10 ELJ 42.
429. Sharpston, 'Interim Relief in National Courts', in J. Lonbay and A. Biondi (eds), Remedies for Breach of EC Law (Wiley, 1997), Chap. 5.
430. Toth, 'The Authority of Judgments of the European Court of Justice:Binding Force and Legal Effects' (1984) 4 YBEL 1, at 49.
431. P.P. Craig, Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 5th ed., 2003), Chaps. 20, 22.
432. Mead, 'The Relationship between an Action for Damages and an Action for Annulment: The Return of Plaumann', in T. Heukels and A. McDonnell (eds), The Action for Damages in Community Law (Kluwer Law International, 1997), Chap. 13.
433. Craig, 'Compensation in Public Law' (1980) 96 LQR 413, at 450.
434. A. Jones, Restitution and European Community Law (Mansfield Press, 2000).
435. R. Williams, Unjust Enrichment and Public Law, A Comparative Study of England, France and the EU (Hart, forthcoming 2007), Chaps. 6-7.
436. Durand, 'Restitution or Damages: National Court or European Court?' (1975-6) 1 ELRev 431.
437. Hartley, 'Concurrent Liability in EEC Law:A Critical Review of the Cases' (1977) 2 ELRev 249.
438. Wils, 'Concurrent Liability of the Community and a Member State' (1992) 17 ELRev 191.
439. T. C. Hartley, The Foundations of European Community Law (Oxford University Press, 4th ed., 1998), at 479.
440. J. A. Usher, Legal Aspects of Agriculture in the European Community (Oxford University Press, 1988), at 104-106, 150-152.
441. A. Cassese, A. Clapham, and J. Weiler (eds), European Union: The Human Rights Challenge (Nomos, 1991).
442. N. Neuwahl and A. Rosas (eds), The European Union and Human Rights (Kluwer, 1995).
443. P. Alston, with M. Bustelo and J. Heenan (eds), The EU and Human Rights (Oxford University Press, 1999).
444. Dauses, 'The Protection of Fundamental Rights in the Community Legal Order' (1985) 10 ELRev 398.
445. Clapham, 'A Human Rights Policy for the European Community' (1990) 10 YBEL 309.
446. Lenaerts, 'Fundamental Rights to be Included in a Community Catalogue' (1991) 16 ELRev 367.
447. Weiler, 'Thou Shalt not Oppress a Stranger: On the Judicial Protection of the Human Rights of Non-Community Nationals-a Critique' (1992) 3 EJIL 65.
448. Coppel and O'Neill, 'The European Court of Justice: Taking Rights Seriously?' (1992) 12 Legal Studies 227.
449. Phelan, 'Right to Life of the Unborn v Promotion of Trade in Services: The European Court of Justice and the Normative Shaping of the European Union' (1992) 55 MLR 670.
450. de Búrca, 'Fundamental Human Rights and the Reach of EC Law' (1993) 13 OJLS 283.
451. Twomey, 'The European Union: Three Pillars without a Human Rights Foundation', in D. O'Keeffe and P. Twomey (eds), Legal Issues of the Maastricht Treaty (Wiley, 1994), at 121.
452. Weiler and Lockhart, '"Taking Rights Seriously" Seriously: The European Court and its Fundamental Rights Jurisprudence' (1995) 32 CMLRev 51, 579.
453. O'Leary, 'The Relationship between Community Citizenship and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in Community Law' (1995) 32 CMLRev 519.
454. Flynn, 'The Implications of Article 13-After Amsterdam Will Some Forms of Discrimination be More Equal than Others?' (1999) 36 CMLRev 1127.
455. De Búrca, 'The Role of Equality in European Community Law', in S. O'Leary and A. Dashwood, (eds), The Principle of Equal Treatment in EC Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 1997), 13-34.
456. M. Cappelletti, The Judicial Process in Comparative Perspective (Clarendon Press, 1989), at 175, 381.
457. de Búrca, 'The Language of Rights and European Integration', in J. Shaw and G. More, (eds), New Legal Dynamics of the European Union (Oxford University Press, 1995), at 29-54.
458. O' Higgins, 'The Constitution and the Communities-Scope for Stress?', in J. O'Reilly (ed), Human Rights and Constitutional Law (Round Hall Press, 1992), at 227, 237-40.
459. R. Craufurd-Smith, Broadcasting Law and Fundamental Rights (Oxford University Press, 1997).
460. Besselink, 'Entrapped by the Maximum Standard: On Fundamental Rights, Pluralism and Subsidiarity in the European Union' (1998) 35 CMLRev 629.
461. Von Bogdandy, 'The European Union as a Human Rights Organization? Human Rights and the Core of the European Union' (2000) 37 CMLRev 1307, at 1330-1332.
462. P. Craig and G de Búrca, EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., 2003), Chap. 8.
463. Jacobs and White, The European Convention on Human Rights (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., C. Ovey and R. White, 2002), at 442-447.
464. P. Van Dijk and G. Van Hoof, Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights (Kluwer Law International, 3rd ed., 1998), at 18-21, 117.
465. The Human Rights Opinion of the ECJ and its Constitutional Implications (Cambridge University CELS, Occasional Paper No.1, 1996).
466. von Bogdandy, 'The European Union as a Human Rights Organization: Human Rights and the Core of the European Union' (2000) 37 CMLRev 1307.
467. de Búrca, 'Convergence and Divergence in European Public Law', in P. Beaumont, C. Lyons, and N. Walker (eds), Convergence and Divergence in European Public Law (Hart, 2002), Chap. 8.
468. A. Vitorino, The Charter of Fundamental Rights as a Foundation for the Area of Freedom, Justice and Security (Centre for European Legal Studies, Exeter Paper in European Law, No. 4, 2001), at 12-14.
469. Weiler, 'Editorial: Does the European Union Truly Need a Charter of Rights?' (2000) 6 ELJ 95.
470. de Búrca, 'The Drafting of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights' (2001) 26 ELRev 126.
471. Maduro, 'The Double Constitutional Life of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union', in T. Hervey and J. Kenner (eds), Economic and Social Rights under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Legal Perspective (Hart, 2003), at 272-276.
472. de Búrca and Beatrix Aschenbrenner, 'European Constitutionalism and the Charter', in S. Peers and A. Ward (eds), The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Politics, Law and Policy (Hart, 2004), Chap. 1.
473. J. Schonlau, Drafting the EU Charter, Rights, Legitimacy and Process (Palgrave, 2005).
474. de Schutter, 'Europe in Search of its Civil Society' (2002) 8 ELJ 198.
475. Heringa and Verhey, 'The EU Charter: Text and Structure' (2001) 8 MJ 11.
476. McCrudden, 'The Future of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights' (Harvard Jean Monnet Working Paper No. 10/01).
477. Lord Goldsmith, 'A Charter of Rights, Freedoms and Principles' (2001) 38 CMLRev 1201.
478. Craig, 'The Community, Rights and the Charter' (2002) 14 ERPL 195.
479. E. Eriksen, J. Fossum and A. Menéndez (eds), The Chartering of Europe (Arena Report No. 8/2001).
480. K. Feus (ed), An EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: Text and Commentaries (Federal Trust, 2000).
481. Hunt, 'The "Horizontal Effect" of the Human Rights Act' [1998] PL 423, at 424.
482. A. Clapham, Human Rights in the Private Sphere (Oxford University Press, 1993).
483. P. Alston (ed), Non-State Actors and Human Rights (Oxford University Press, 2005).
484. Markesinis, 'Privacy, Freedom of Expression and the Horizontal Effect of the Human Rights Bill: Lessons from Germany' (1998) 114 LQR 47.
485. Young, 'Remedial and Substantive Horizontality: The Common Law and Douglas v Hello! Ltd' [2002] PL 232.
486. Phillipson, 'The Human Rights Act, "Horizontal Effect" and the Common Law: A Bang or a Whimper' (1999) 62 MLR 824.
487. Besselink, 'The Member States, the National Constitutions and the Scope of the Charter' (2001) 8 MJ 68.
488. Thym, 'Charter of Fundamental Rights:Competition or Consistency of Human Rights Protection in Europe?' [2002] Finnish Yearbook of International Law 11.
489. Arnull, 'From Charter to Constitution and Beyond: Fundamental Rights in the New European Union' [2003] PL 774, at 780-781.
490. Schwarze, 'A German View on the European Charter of Fundamental Rights: Effect on the Bundesverfassungsgericht' (2001) 3 CYELS 407, 410.
491. Alonso Garcia, 'The General Provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights' (2002) 8 ELJ 492, at 495-496.
492. Eeckhout, 'The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Federal Question' (2002) 39 CMLRev 945.
493. Alston, 'The Contribution of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency to the Realization of Economic and Social Rights', in P. Alston and O. de Schutter (eds), Monitoring Fundamental Rights in the EU, The Contribution of the Fundamental Rights Agency (Hart, 2005), at 161-165.
494. A. Mowbray, The Development of Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights (Hart, 2004).
495. P. Craig, Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, 5th ed., 2003), Chap. 17.
496. Lenaerts and de Smijter, 'A "Bill of Rights" for the European Union' (2001) 28 CMLRev 273, at 292-293.
497. De Búrca, 'Fundamental Rights and Citizenship', in B. de Witte (ed), Ten Reflections on the Constitutional Treaty for Europe (Robert Schumann Centre for Advanced Studies, 2003), at 29-44.
498. Lemmens, 'The Relationship between the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU and the ECHR: Substantive Aspects' (2001) 8 MJ 49.
499. Canor, 'Primus Inter Pares: Who is the Ultimate Guardian of Fundamental Rights in Europe?' (2000) 25 ELRev 3.
500. Costello, 'The Bosphorus Ruling of the European Court of Human Rights: Fundamental Rights and Blurred Boundaries in Europe' [2006] Human Rights Law Rev 1.
501. Canor, '"Can Two Walk Together, Except they be Agreed?" The Relationship between International Law and European Law: The Incorporation of United Nations Sanctions against Yugoslavia into European Community law through the Perspective of the European Court of Justice' (1998) 35 CMLRev 137.
502. Burrows, 'Caught in the Cross-Fire' (1997) 22 ELRev 170.
503. House of Lords' Select Committee on European Union, Eighth Report, EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (2000; HL 67).
504. Fredman, McCrudden, and Freedland, 'The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights' [2000] PL 178, at 180.
505. Lenaerts and de Smijter, 'The Charter and the Role of the European Courts' (2001) 8 MJ 90, at 99-101.
506. Liisberg, 'Does the Charter of Fundamental Rights Threaten the Supremacy of Community Law?' (2001) 38 CMLRev 1171.
507. Pettricione, 'Italy: Supremacy of Community Law over National Law' (1986) 11 ELRev 320.
508. Gaja, 'New Developments in a Continuing Story:The Relationship between EEC Law and Italian Law' (1990) 27 CMLRev 83.
509. Craig, 'National Courts and Community Law', in J. Hayward and A. Menon (eds), Governing Europe (Oxford University Press, 2003), Chap. 2.
510. Hoffmeister, 'Case Note' (2001) 38 CMLRev 791.
511. Kingsbury, Krisch, and Stewart, 'The Emergence of Global Administrative Law' (2005) 68 LCP 15.
512. van Gerven, 'Remedies for Infringements of Fundamental Rights' (2004) 10 EPL 261.
513. de Witte, 'The Legal Status of the Charter: Vital Question or Non-Issue?' (2001) 8 MJ 81.
514. Jose Menendez, 'Chartering Europe: Legal Status and Policy Implications of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union' (2002) 40 JCMS 471, at 473-476.
515. Williams, 'Enlargement of the Union and Human Rights Conditionality: A Policy of Distinction?' (2000) 25 ELRev 601.
516. #http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice:home/cfr_cdf/index_en.htm#.
517. The Reports of the Network are available at #http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice:home/cfr_cdf/index_en.htm#.
518. de Búrca, 'The Constitutional Challenge of New Governance in the European Union' (2003) 28 ELRev 814.
519. de Schutter, 'The Implementation of Fundamental Rights through the Open Method of Coordination', in O. De Schutter and S. Deakin (eds), Is the Open Coordination of Employment and Social Policies the Future of Social Europe? (Bruylant, 2005), at 279-342.
520. Committee of Independent Experts, Second Report on Reform of the Commission, Analysis of Current Practice and Proposals for Tackling Mismanagement, Irregularities and Fraud (10 September 1999), Vol. I, at para. 3.2.2 (hereafter Second CIE).
521. J. Usher, Legal Aspects of Agriculture in the European Community (Oxford University Press, 1988).
522. F. Snyder, New Directions in European Community Law (Weidenfeld, 1990), Chaps. 4-5.
523. W. Grant, The Common Agricultural Policy (MacMillan, 1997).
524. R. Fennell, The Common Agricultural Policy:Continuity and Change (Clarendon Press, 1997).
525. N. Nugent, The Government and Politics of the European Union (MacMillan, 4th ed., 1999), Chap. 15.
526. J. McMahon, Law of the Common Agricultural Policy (Longman, 2000).
527. Rieger, 'The Common Agricultural Policy, Politics against Markets', in H. Wallace and W. Wallace (eds), Policy-Making in the European Union (Oxford University Press, 4th ed., 2000), Chap. 7.
528. S. George and I. Bache, Politics in the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2001), Chap. 24.
529. M. Cardwell, The European Model of Agriculture (Oxford University Press, 2004).
530. Commission, The Agricultural Situation in the European Union (1995).
531. Commission, Agenda 2000: For a Stronger and Wider Union (1997).
532. Commission, Enlargement and Agriculture: An Integration Strategy for the EU's Member States (2002).
533. Marks, 'Structural Policy in the European Community', in A. Sbragia (ed.), Euro Politics: Institutions and Policymaking in the 'New' European Community (Brookings Institution, 1992).
534. Marks, 'Structural Policy and Multilevel Government', in A. Cafruny and G. Rosenthal (eds), The State of the EU, Vol. 2: The Maastricht Debates and beyond (Longman, 1993), 395.
535. J. Scott, Development Dilemmas in the European Community: Rethinking Regional Development Policy (Open University Press, 1995).
536. Pollack, 'Regional Actors in Intergovernmental Play: The Making and Implementation of EC Structural Policy', in C. Rhodes and S. Mazey (eds), The State of the European Community, Vol. 3: Building a European Polity (Longman, 1995).
537. L. Hooghe (ed.), Cohesion Policy and European Integration (Oxford University Press, 1996).
538. I. Bache, The Politics of European Union Regional Policy: Multi-Level Governance or Flexible Gatekeeping? (Sheffield Academic Press, 1998).
539. Christiansen, 'Territorial Politics in the EU' (1999) 6 JEPP 349.
540. Scott, 'Regional Policy: An Evolutionary Perspective', in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds), The Evolution of EU Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), Chap. 17.
541. A. Evans, The EU Structural Funds (Oxford University Press, 1999).
542. Craig, 'The Nature of the Community: Integration, Democracy and Legitimacy', in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds), The Evolution of EU Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), Chap. 1.
543. Scott, 'Law, Legitimacy and EC Governance' (1998) 36 JCMS 175, at 183, 187.
544. S. White, Protection of the Financial Interests of the European Communities: The Fight against Fraud (Kluwer Law International, 1998), at 98-99.
545. Bercusson, 'The Dynamic of European Labour Law after Maastricht' (1994) 23 ILJ 1.
546. Bercusson and Van Dijk, 'The Implementation of the Protocol and Agreement on Social Policy of the Treaty on European Union' (1995) 11 IJCLLIR 3.
547. Sciarra, 'Social Values and the Multiple Sources of European Social Law' (1995) 1 ELJ 60.
548. Brinkmann, 'Lawmaking under the Social Chapter of Maastricht', in P. Craig and C. Harlow (eds), Lawmaking in the European Union (Kluwer Law International, 1998), Chap. 12.
549. Cullen and Campbell, 'The Future of Social Policy-Making in the European Union', in Craig and Harlow (eds), Lawmaking in the European Union, Chap. 13.
550. Barnard, 'EC "Social" Policy', in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds), The Evolution of EU Law (Oxford University Press, 1999), Chap. 13.
551. S. Smismans, Law, Legitimacy and European Governance: Functional Participation in Social Regulation (Oxford University Press, 2004), Chap. 6.
552. Franssen and Jacobs, 'The Question of Representativity in the European Social Dialogue' (1998) 35 CMLRev 1295.
553. Betten, 'The Democratic Deficit of Participatory Democracy in Community Social Policy' (1998) 23 ELRev 20.
554. Barnard, 'The Social Partners and the Governance Agenda' (2002) 8 ELJ 80, at 93.
555. Streeck, 'Neo-Voluntarism: A New European Social Policy Regime' (1995) 1 ELJ 31, at 48-49.
556. Britz and Schmidt, 'The Institutionalised Participation of Management and Labour in the Legislative Activities of the European Community: A Challenge to the Principle of Democracy under Community Law' (2000) 6 ELJ 45.
557. Fredman, 'Social Law in the European Union: The Impact of the Lawmaking Process', in P. Craig and C. Harlow (eds), Lawmaking in the European Union (Kluwer Law International, 1998), at 409.
558. Bernard, 'Legitimising EU Law: Is the Social Dialogue the Way Forward? Some Reflections on the UEAPME Case', in J. Shaw (ed.), Social Law and Policy in an Evolving European Union (Hart, 2000), Chap. 14.
559. P. Hirst, Associative Democracy: New Forms of Economic and Social Governance (Polity Press, 1994).
560. Cohen and Rogers, 'Secondary Associations and democratic Governance' (1992) 20 Politics and Society 393, at 425.
561. Cohen and Sabel, 'Directly-deliberative Polyarchy' (1997) 3 ELJ 313.
562. Gerstenberg and Sabel, 'Directly-deliberative Polyarchy: An Institutional Ideal for Europe?', in C. Joerges and R. Dehousse (eds), Good Governance in Europe's Integrated Markets (Oxford University Press, 2002), at 289-342.
563. Cohen and Sabel, 'Sovereignty and Solidarity: EU and US', in J. Zeitlin and D. Trubek (eds), Governing Work and Welfare in a New Economy, European and American Experiments (Oxford University Press, 2003), at 366.
564. P. Schmitter and G. Lehmbruch (eds), Trends Toward Corporatist Intermediation (Sage, 1979).
565. P. Schmitter and G. Lehmbruch (eds), Patterns of Corporatist Policymaking (Sage, 1982).
566. A. Cawson, Corporatism and Welfare (Heinemann, 1982).
567. R. Harrison (ed), Corporatism and the Welfare State (Allen & Unwin, 1984).
568. P. Birkinshaw, I. Harden and N. Lewis, Government by Moonlight: The Hybrid Parts of the State (Unwin Hyman, 1990).
569. Bercusson, 'Democratic Legitimacy and European Labour Law' (1999) 28 ILJ 153.
570. Moreiro Gonzalez, 'El defensor del pueblo en el tratado de la Union europea' [1992] Gaceta juridica de la CEE 167.
571. Hummer 'Opinion on the Position and Duties of the Ombudsman of the European Parliament' EOI.
572. Magliveras, 'Best intentions but empty words: the European Ombudsman' (1995) 20 ELRev 401, P.
573. Magnette, La citoyenneté européenne: droits, politiques, institutions (l'Université de Bruxelles, 1999).
574. Marias 'The European Ombudsman: Competences and Relations with the Other Community Institutions and Bodies', in E. Marias (ed), The European Ombudsman (EIPA Maastricht, 1994), at 75.
575. K. Heede, European Ombudsman: Redress and Control at Union Level (Kluwer Law International, 2000), at 13.
576. Ombudsman 'The role of the European Ombudsman', Jerusalem, 9-11 September 1997, point 1, available at #http://www.euroombudsman.eu.int/speeches/pdf/en/jerus_en.pdf#.
577. Harden, 'The European Ombudsman's Efforts to Increase Openness in the Union', in V. Deckmyn (ed), Increasing Transparency in the EU? (EIPA, 2002).
578. European Ombudsman 'The European Ombudsman:The Guardian of Good Administration', Athens, 8 October 2004, available at #http://www.euroombudsman.eu.int/speeches/en/2004-10-08.htm#.
579. Ombudsman of 5 April 2004, available at #http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/lbasis/en/provis.htm#.
580. #http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/speeches/pdf/en/jerus_en.pdf#.
581. Söderman, 'The Effectiveness of the Ombudsman in the Oversight of the Administrative Conduct of Government', speech at the 7th International Ombudsman Institute Conference, Durban, 30 October-3 November 2000.
582. 'Own-initiative inquiries', #http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/speeches/en/durban1.htm#.
583. Corbert, 'Governance and Institutional Developments' (1994) 23 JCMS 27, at 33.
584. Usher, 'The "Good Administration" of Community Law' [1985] CLP 278.
585. L. Reif, The Ombudsman, Good Governance and the International Human Rights System (Martinus Nijhoff, 2004), at 379 and the bibliographical references in n. 83.
586. L. Senden Soft Law in European Community Law (Hart, 2004).
587. Bonnor, 'The European Ombudsman: A Novel Source of Soft Law in the European Union' (2000) 25 ELRev 39.
588. 20th Annual Report on Monitoring the Application of Community law for 2002, COM(2003) 669, available at #http://europa.eu.int/comm/secretariat_general/sgb/droit_com/pdf/rapport_annuel/20_rapport_annuel_en.htm#.
589. Rawlings, 'Engaged Elites Citizen Action and Institutional Attitudes in Commission Enforcement' (2000) 6 ELJ 4.
590. Harden, 'What Future for the Centralized Enforcement of Community law?' [2002] CLP 496.
591. Munoz, 'La participation du plaignant a la procédure en infraction au droit communautaire diligentée par la Commission' (2003) 472 Revue du Marché Commun et de L'Union Européenne 610.
592. E. Combreros Mendazona, 'Responsabilidad Patrimonial del Defensor del Pueblo Europeo?' (2002) 159 Revista de Administracion Publica 209.
593. R. Harding and E. Fisher (eds), Perspectives on the Precautionary Principle (Federation Press, 1999).
594. Fisher, 'Is the Precautionary Principle Justiciable?' (2001) 13 Jnl of Environmental Law 315.
595. Scott and Vos, 'The Juridification of Uncertainty: Observations on the Ambivalence of the Precautionary Principle within the EU and the WTO', in C. Joerges and R. Dehousse (eds), Good Governance in Europe's Integrated Market (Oxford University Press, 2002), Chap. 9.
596. Fisher, 'Precaution, Precaution Everywhere:Developing a "Common Understanding" of the Precautionary Principle in the European Community' (2002) 9 MJECL 7.
597. Cass Sunstein, Risk and Reason, Safety, Law, and the Environment (Cambridge University Press, 2002).
598. Majone, 'What Price Safety? The Precautionary Principle and its Policy Implications' (2002) 40 JCMS 89.
599. Sunstein, 'Beyond the Precautionary Principle' (2003) 151 University of Pennsylvania Law Rev 1003.
600. Forrester, 'The Dangers of too much Precaution', in M. Hoskins and W. Robinson (eds), A True European, Essays for Judge David Edward (Hart, 2003), Chap. 16.
601. Jose Luis da Cruz Vilaca, 'The Precautionary Principle in EC Law' (2004) 10 EPL 369.
602. G. Marchant and K. Mossman, Arbitrary and Capricious: The Precautionary Principle in the European Union Courts (AEI Press, 2004).
603. Arcuri, 'The Case for a Procedural Version of the Precautionary Principle Erring on the Side of Environmental Preservation', NYU School of Law, Global Law Working Paper 9/04.
604. M. Lee, EU Environmental Law, Challenges, Change and Decision-Making (Hart, 2005), Chap. 4.
605. Fisher, 'The Precautionary Principle, Administrative Constitutionalism and European Integration', in E. Fisher, Risk Regulation and Administrative Constitutionalism (Hart, forthcoming 2007).
606. Stewart, 'Environmental Regulatory Decision Making under Uncertainty', in T. Swanson (ed), 20 Research in Law and Economics 71, at 76.