High-quality graphene on single crystal Ir(111) films on Si(111) wafers: Synthesis and multi-spectroscopic characterization

Carbon

Volumn 81, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 167-173

  Struzzi, C ^a   Verbitskiy, N I ^b,c,d   Fedorov, A V ^d,e,f   Nefedov, A ^g   Frank, O ^h   Kalbac, M ^h   Di Santo, G ^a   Panighel, M ^a,i   Goldoni, A ^a   Gartner J ^j   Weber, W ^j   Weinl, M ^k   Schreck, M ^k   Woll Ch ^g   Sachdev, H ^l   Gruneis A ^d,e   Petaccia, L ^a  

^a SINCROTRONE TRIESTE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^c MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^e IFW DRESDEN   (Germany)

^f ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^g KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^h J HEYROVSKÝ INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY   (Czech Republic)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE   (Italy)

^j NAMLAB GGMBH   (Germany)

^k UNIVERSITY OF AUGSBURG   (Germany)

^l MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR POLYMER RESEARCH   (Germany)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARACTERIZATION; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONS; FILM PREPARATION; IRIDIUM; LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SILICON; SILICON WAFERS; SINGLE CRYSTALS; SUBSTRATES; X RAY ABSORPTION; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; YTTRIA STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ZIRCONIA;

ANGLE RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; BULK SINGLE CRYSTALS; CHARACTERIZATION METHODS; CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIAS (YSZ);

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84922688397     PISSN: 00086223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.09.045     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Bonaccorso F, Sun Z, Hasan T, Ferrari AC. Graphene photonics and optoelectronics. Nat Photonics 2010;4:611-22.
2. Sun S, Gao L, Liu Y. Enhanced dye-sensitized solar cell using graphene-TiO2 photoanode prepared by heterogeneous coagulation. Appl Phys Lett 2010;96:083113.
3. Park H, Brown PR, Bulović V, Kong J. Graphene as transparent conducting electrodes in organic photovoltaics: studies in graphene morphology, hole transporting layers, and counter electrodes. Nano Lett 2012;12:133-40.
4. Li X, Cai W, An J, Kim S, Nah J, Yang D, et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science 2009;324:1312-4.
5. Kim KS, Zhao Y, Jang H, Lee SY, Kim JM, Kim KS, et al. Largescale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature 2009;457:706-10.
6. Kato T, Hatakeyama R. Direct growth of doping-densitycontrolled hexagonal graphene on SiO2 substrate by rapidheating plasma CVD. ACS Nano 2012;6:8508-15.
7. Scardamaglia M, Aleman B, Amati M, Ewels C, Pochet P, Reckinger N, et al. Nitrogen implantation of suspended graphene flakes: annealing effects and selectivity of sp2 nitrogen species. Carbon NY 2014;73:371-81.
8. Bae S, Kim H, Lee Y, Xu X, Park J-S, Zheng Y, et al. Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes. Nat Nanotechnol 2010;5:574-8.
9. Gao L, Ren W, Xu H, Jin L, Wang Z, Ma T, et al. Repeated growth and bubbling transfer of graphene with millimetresize single-crystal grains using platinum. Nat Commun 2012;3:699.
10. Wang B, Bocquet M-L, Marchini S, Günther S, Wintterlin J. Chemical origin of a graphene moiréoverlayer on Ru(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008;10:3530-4.
11. Sutter P, Hybertsen MS, Sadowski JT, Sutter E. Electronic structure of few-layer epitaxial graphene on Ru(0001). Nano Lett 2009;9:2654-60.
12. Sutter E, Acharya DP, Sadowski JT, Sutter P. Scanning tunneling microscopy on epitaxial bilayer graphene on ruthenium (0001). Appl Phys Lett 2009;94:133101.
13. Sutter PW, Flege J-I, Sutter EA. Epitaxial graphene on ruthenium. Nat Mater 2008;7:406-11.
14. Grüneis A, Kummer K, Vyalikh DV. Dynamics of graphene growth on a metal surface: a time-dependent photoemission study. New J Phys 2009;11:073050.
15. Addou R, Dahal A, Batzill M. Growth of a two-dimensional dielectric monolayer on quasi-freestanding graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 2013;8:41-5.
16. Haberer D, Vyalikh DV, Taioli S, Dora B, Farjam M, Fink J, et al. Tunable band gap in hydrogenated quasi-free-standing graphene. Nano Lett 2010;10:3360-6.
17. Lacovig P, Pozzo M, Alfè D, Vilmercati P. Growth of domeshaped carbon nanoislands on Ir(111): the intermediate between carbidic clusters and quasi-free-standing graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2009;103:166101.
18. Preobrajenski AB, Ling MN, Vinogradov AS, Martensson N. Controlling graphene corrugation on lattice-mismatched substrates. Phys Rev B 2008;78:073401.
19. Gsell S, Fischer M, Brescia R, Schreck M, Huber P, Bayer F, et al. Reduction of mosaic spread using iridium interlayers: a route to improved oxide heteroepitaxy on silicon. Appl Phys Lett 2007;91:061501.
20. Fischer M, Brescia R, Gsell S, Schreck M, Brugger T, Greber T, et al. Growth of twin-free heteroepitaxial diamond on Ir/ YSZ/Si(111). J Appl Phys 2008;104:123531.
21. Fischer M, Gsell S, Schreck M, Brescia R, Stritzker B. Preparation of 4-inch Ir/YSZ/Si(001) substrates for the largearea deposition of single-crystal diamond. Diam Relat Mater 2008;17:1035-8.
22. Zeller P, Dänhardt S, Gsell S, Schreck M, Wintterlin J. Scalable synthesis of graphene on single crystal Ir(111) films. Surf Sci 2012;606:1475-80.
23. Müller F, Sachdev H, Hüfner S, Pollard AJ, Perkins EW, Russell JC, et al. How does graphene grow? Easy access to wellordered graphene films. Small 2009;5:2291-6.
24. Gsell S, Fischer M, Bauer T, Schreck M, Stritzker B. Yttriastabilized zirconia films of different composition as buffer layers for the deposition of epitaxial diamond/Ir layers on Si(001). Diamond Relat. Mater. 2006;15:479-85.
25. Gsell S, Fischer M, Schreck M, Stritzker B. Epitaxial films of metals from the platinum group (Ir, Rh, Pt and Ru) on YSZbuffered Si(111). J Cryst Growth 2009;311:3731-6.
26. Nefedov A, Wöll C. Advanced application of NEXAFS spectroscopy for functionalized surfaces, in surface science techniques. In: Bracco G, Holst B, editors. Springer Series in Surface Science, 51. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2013. p. 277-303.
27. Pacilé D, Papagno M, Rodŕguez A, Grioni M, Papagno L, Girit ɤ, et al. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure investigation of graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2008;101:066806.
28. Petaccia L, Vilmercati P, Gorovikov S, Barnaba M, Bianco A, Cocco D, et al. BaD ElPh: a 4m normal-incidence monochromator beamline at Elettra. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A 2009;606:780-4.
29. Ferrari AC. Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron-phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun 2007;143:47-57.
30. Starodub E, Bostwick A, Moreschini L, Nie S, El Gabaly F, McCarty KF, et al. In-plane orientation effects on the electronic structure, stability, and Raman scattering of monolayer graphene on Ir (111). Phys Rev B 2011;83:125428.
31. Trickey SB, Müller-Plathe F, Diercksen GHF, Boettger JC. Interplanar binding and lattice relaxation in a graphite dilayer. Phys Rev B 1992;45:4460-8.
32. Rosenberg R, Love P, Rehn V. Polarization-dependent C(K) near-edge X-ray-absorption fine structure of graphite. Phys Rev B 1986;33:4034-7.
33. Kralj M, Pletikosić I, Petrović M, Pervan P, Milun M, N'Diaye AT, et al. Graphene on Ir(111) characterized by angleresolved photoemission. Phys Rev B 2011;84:075427.
34. Pletikosić I, Kralj M, Pervan P, Brako R, Coraux J, N'Diaye A. Dirac cones and minigaps for graphene on Ir(111). Phys Rev Lett 2009;102:056808.
35. N'Diaye AT, Coraux J, Plasa TN, Busse C, Michely T. Structure of epitaxial graphene on Ir(111). New J Phys 2008;10:043033.
36. Haberer D, Petaccia L, Fedorov AV, Praveen CS, Fabris S, Piccinin S, et al. Anisotropic Eliashberg function and electron-phonon coupling in doped graphene. Phys Rev B 2013;88:081401.
37. Fedorov AV, Verbitskiy NI, Haberer D, Struzzi C, Petaccia L, Usachov D, et al. Observation of a universal donordependent vibrational mode in graphene. Nat Commun 2014;5:3257.
38. Ferrari AC, Meyer JC, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, et al. Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys Rev Lett 2006;97:187401.
39. Frank O, Mohr M, Maultzsch J, Thomsen C, Riaz I, Jalil R, et al. Raman 2D-band splitting in graphene: theory and experiment. ACS Nano 2011;5:2231-9.
40. Weber A, McGinnis EA. The Raman spectrum of gaseous oxygen. J Mol Spectrosc 1960;4:195-200.
41. Berciaud S, Li X, Htoon H, Brus LE, Doorn SK, Heinz TF. Intrinsic line shape of the Raman 2D-mode in freestanding graphene monolayers. Nano Lett 2013;13:3517-23.
42. Filintoglou K, Papadopoulos N, Arvanitidis J, Christofilos D, Frank O, Kalbac M, et al. Raman spectroscopy of graphene at high pressure: effects of the substrate and the pressure transmitting media. Phys Rev B 2013;88:045418.
43. Lee JE, Ahn G, Shim J, Lee YS, Ryu S. Optical separation of mechanical strain from charge doping in graphene. Nat Commun 2012;3:1024.
44. Kalbac M, Reina-Cecco A, Farhat H, Kong J, Kavan L, Dresselhaus MS. The influence of strong electron and hole doping on the Raman intensity of chemical vapor-deposition graphene. ACS Nano 2010;4:6055-63.
45. Frank O, Vejpravova J, Holy V, Kavan L, Kalbac M. Interaction between graphene and copper substrate: the role of lattice orientation. Carbon NY 2014;68:440-51.
46. Frank O, Tsoukleri G, Parthenios J, Papagelis K, Riaz I, Jalil R, et al. Compression behavior of single-layer graphenes. ACS Nano 2010;4:3131-8.
47. Zabel J, Nair RR, Ott A, Georgiou T, Geim AK, Novoselov KS, et al. Raman spectroscopy of graphene and bilayer under biaxial strain: bubbles and balloons. Nano Lett 2012;12:617-21.
48. Hattab H, N'Diaye AT, Wall D, Klein C, Jnawali G, Coraux J, et al. Interplay of wrinkles, strain, and lattice parameter in graphene on iridium. Nano Lett 2012;12:678-82.
49. Tapasztó L, Dumitrica T, Kim SJ, Nemes-Incze P, Hwang C, Biró LP. Breakdown of continuum mechanics for nanometrewavelength rippling of graphene. Nat Phys 2012;8:739-42.
50. Touloukian YS, Kirby RK, Taylor RE, Lee TYR. Thermal expansion-nonmetallic solids, thermophysical properties of matter. New York: IFI/Plenum; 1977. 13.
51. Yoon D, Son Y-W, Cheong H. Negative thermal expansion coefficient of graphene measured by Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett 2011;11(8):3227-31.
52. He R, Zhao L, Petrone N, Kim KS, Roth M, Hone J, et al. Large physisorption strain in chemical vapor deposition of graphene on copper substrates. Nano Lett 2012;12:2408-13.
53. Coraux J, T N'Diaye A, Engler M, Busse C, Wall D, Buckanie N, et al. Growth of graphene on Ir(111). New J Phys 2009;11:023006.
54. Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS. The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem Soc Rev 2010;39:228.