Amino acids inhibit kynurenic acid formation via suppression of kynurenine uptake or kynurenic acid synthesis in rat brain in vitro

SpringerPlus

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Sekine, Airi ^a   Okamoto, Misaki ^a   Kanatani, Yuka ^a   Sano, Mitsue ^a   Shibata, Katsumi ^a   Fukuwatari, Tsutomu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHIGA PREFECTURE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Amino acids; Dopamine; Kynurenic acid; Kynurenine; Neuropsychiatric disorders; 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922473542     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21931801     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0826-9     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Agudelo LZ, Femenía T, Orhan F, Porsmyr-Palmertz M, Goiny M, Martinez-Redondo V, Correia JC, Izadi M, Bhat M, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Pettersson AT, Ferreira DM, Krook A, Barres R, Zierath JR, Erhardt S, Lindskog M, Ruas JL (2014) Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression. Cell 159:33–45
2. Amori L, Wu HQ, Marinozzi M, Pellicciari R, Guidetti P, Schwarcz R (2009a) Specific inhibition of kynurenate synthesis enhances extracellular dopamine levels in the rodent striatum. Neuroscience 159:196–203
3. Amori L, Guidetti P, Pellicciari R, Kajii Y, Schwarcz R (2009b) On the relationship between the two branches of the kynurenine pathway in the rat brain in vivo. J Neurochem 109:316–325
4. Asai Y, Bajotto G, Yoshizato H, Hamada K, Higuchi T, Shimomura Y (2008) The effects of endotoxin on plasma free amino acid concentrations in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 54:460–466
5. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
6. Carpenedo R, Pittaluga A, Cozzi A, Attucci S, Galli A, Raiteri M, Moroni F (2001) Presynaptic kynurenate-sensitive receptors inhibit glutamate release. Eur J Neurosci 13:2141–2147
7. Chess AC, Bucci DJ (2006) Increased concentration of cerebral kynurenic acid alters stimulus processing and conditioned responding. Behav Brain Res 170:326–332
8. Chess AC, Simoni MK, Alling TE, Bucci DJ (2007) Elevations of endogenous kynurenic acid produce spatial working memory deficits. Schizophr Bull 33:797–804
9. Chess AC, Landers AM, Bucci DJ (2009) L-Kynurenine treatment alters contextual fear conditioning and context discrimination but not cue-specific fear conditioning. Behav Brain Res 201:325–331
10. Choi S, Disilvio B, Fernstrom MH, Fernstrom JD (2009) Meal ingestion, amino acids and brain neurotransmitters: effects of dietary protein source on serotonin and catecholamine synthesis rates. Physiol Behav 98:156–162
11. Dounay AB, Anderson M, Bechle BM, Campbell BM, Claffey MM, Evdokimov A, Evrard E, Fonseca KR, Gan X, Ghosh S, Hayward MM, Horner W, Kim JY, McAllister LA, Pandit J, Paradis V, Parikh VD, Reese MR, Rong S, Salafia MA, Schuyten K, Strick CA, Tuttle JB, Valentine J, Wang H, Zawadzke LE, Verhoest PR (2012) Discovery of brain-penetrant, irreversible kynurenine aminotransferase II inhibitors for schizophrenia. ACS Med Chem Lett 3:187–192
12. Erhardt S, Blennow K, Nordin C, Skogh E, Lindstrom LH, Engberg G (2001) Kynurenic acid levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 313:96–98
13. Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Emanuelsson C, Geyer M (2004) Endogenous kynurenic acid disrupts prepulse inhibition. Biol Psychiatry 56:255–260
14. Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Nilsson L, Linderholm K, Engberg G (2007) The kynurenic acid hypothesis of schizophrenia. Physiol Behav 92:203–209
15. Erhardt S, Olsson SK, Engberg G (2009) Pharmacological manipulation of kynurenic acid: potential in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs 23:91–101
16. Fernstrom JD (2013) Large neutral amino acids: dietary effects on brain neurochemistry and function. Amino Acids 45:419–430
17. Fukui S, Schwarcz R, Rapoport SI, Takada Y, Smith QR (1991) Blood–brain barrier transport of kynurenines: implications for brain synthesis and metabolism. J Neurochem 56:2007–2017
18. Guidetti P, Amori L, Sapko MT, Okuno E, Schwarcz R (2007) Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase: a third kynurenate-producing in the mammalian brain. J Neurochem 102:103–111
19. Han Q, Robinson H, Cai T, Tagle DA, Li J (2009) Biochemical and structural properties of mouse kynurenine aminotransferase III. Mol Cell Biol 29:784–793
20. Han Q, Cai T, Tagle DA, Li J (2010) Thermal stability, pH dependence and inhibition of four murine kynurenine aminotransferases. BMC Biochem 11:19. doi:10.1186/1471-2091-11-19
21. Hilmas C, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, Rassoulpour A, Schwarcz R, Albuquerque EX (2001) The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits α7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-α7 nicotinic receptor expression: physiopathological implications. J Neurosci 21:7463–7473
22. Holmes EW (1988) Determination of serum kynurenine and hepatic tryptophan dioxygenase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 172:518–525
23. Kanai Y, Segawa H, Ki M, Uchino H, Takeda E, Endou H (1998) Expression cloning and characterization of a transport for large neutral amino acids activated by the heavy chain of 4 F2 antigen (CD98). J Biol Chem 273:23629–23632
24. Kessler M, Terramani T, Lynch G, Baudry M (1989) A glycine site associated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors: characterization and identification of a new class of antagonists. J Neurochem 52:1319–1328
25. Kocki T, Luchowski P, Luchowska E, Wielosz M, Turski WA, Urbanska EM (2003) L-Cysteine sulphinate, endogenous sulphur-containing amino acid, inhibits rat brain kynurenic acid production via selective interference with kynurenine aminotransferase II. Neurosci Lett 346:97–100
26. Konradsson-Geuken A, Wu HQ, Gash CR, Alexander KS, Campbell A, Sozeri Y, Pellicciari R, Schwarcz R, Bruno JP (2010) Cortical kynurenic acid bi-directionally modulates prefrontal glutamate levels as assessed by microdialysis and rapid electrochemistry. Neuroscience 169:1848–1859
27. Kozak R, Campbell BM, Strick CA, Horner W, Hoffmann WE, Kiss T, Chapin DS, McGinnis D, Abbott AL, Roberts BM, Fonseca K, Guanowsky V, Young DA, Seymour PA, Dounay A, Hajos M, Williams GV, Castner SA (2014) Reduction of brain kynurenic Acid improves cognitive function. J Neurosci 34:10592–10602
28. Linderholm KR, Skogh E, Olsson SK, Dahl ML, Holtze M, Engberg G, Samuelsson M, Erhardt S (2010) Increased levels of kynurenine and kynurenic acid in the CSF of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 38:426–432
29. Lombardi G, Carla V, Pellicciari R, Mattoli L, Moroni F (1994) Inhibitors of kynurenine hydroxylase and kynureninase increase cerebral formation of kynurenate and have sedative and anticonvulsant activities. Neuroscience 61:237–244
30. Okuno E, Nakamura M, Schwarcz R (1991) Two kynurenine aminotransferases in human brain. Brain Res 542:307–312
31. Okuno A, Fukuwatari T, Shibata K (2011) High tryptophan diet reduces extracellular dopamine release via kynurenic acid production in rat striatum. J Neurochem 118:796–805
32. Orosco M, Rouch C, Beslot F, Feurte S, Regnault A, Dauge V (2004) Alpha-lactalbumin-enriched diets enhance serotonin release and induce anxiolytic and rewarding effects in the rat. Behav Brain Res 148:1–10
33. Potter MC, Elmer GI, Bergeron R, Albuquerque EX, Guidetti P, Wu HQ, Schwarcz R (2010) Reduction of endogenous kynurenic acid formation enhances extracellular glutamate, hippocampal plasticity, and cognitive behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:1734–1742
34. Rassoulpour A, Wu HQ, Ferré S, Schwarcz R (2005) Nanomolar concentrations of kynurenic acid reduce extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum. J Neurochem 93:762–765
35. Röver S, Cesura AM, Huguenin P, Kettler R, Szente A (1997) Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides as high-affinity inhibitors of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase. J Med Chem 40:4378–4385
36. Schwarcz R, Pellicciari R (2002) Manipulation of brain kynurenines: glial targets, neuronal effects, and clinical opportunities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 303:1–10
37. Schwarcz R, Rassoulpour A, Wu HQ, Medoff D, Tamminga CA, Roberts RC (2001) Increased cortical kynurenate content in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 50:521–530
38. +-independent neutral amino acid transporter with broad substrate selectivity. J Biol Chem 274:19745–19751
39. Shibata K (1988) Fluorimetric micro-determination of kynurenic acid, an endogenous blocker of neurotoxicity, by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatgr 430:376–380
40. +-independent transporter of neutral amino acids in astrocytes. J Neurosci 9:2066–2072
41. Swartz KJ, During MJ, Freese A, Beal MF (1990) Cerebral synthesis and release of kynurenic acid: an endogenous antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors. J Neurosci 10:2965–2973
42. Turski WA, Gramsbergen JB, Trailer H, Schwarcz R (1989) Rat brain slices produce and liberate kynurenic acid upon exposure to L-kynurenine. J Neurochem 52:1629–1639
43. Yanagida O, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Kim DK, Segawa H, Nii T, Cha SH, Matsuo H, Fukushima J, Fukasawa Y, Tani Y, Taketani Y, Uchino H, Kim JY, Inatomi J, Okayasu I, Miyamoto K, Takeda E, Goya T, Endou H (2001) Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta 1514:291–302
44. Żarnowski T, Chorągiewicz T, Tulidowicz-Bielak M, Thaler S, Rejdak R, Żarnowski I, Turski WA, Gasior M (2012) Ketogenic diet increases concentrations of kynurenic acid in discrete brain structures of young and adult rats. J Neural Transm 119:679–684
45. Zmarowski A, Wu HQ, Brooks JM, Potter MC, Pellicciari R, Schwarcz R, Bruno JP (2009) Astrocyte-derived kynurenic acid modulates basal and evoked cortical acetylcholine release. Eur J Neurosci 29:529–538