Serotonin and cancer: What is the link?

Current Molecular Medicine

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 62-77

  Sarrouilhe, D ^a   Clarhaut, J ^b,c,d   Defamie, N ^c   Mesnil, M ^c  

^a Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine   (France)

^b INSERM   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE POITIERS   (France)

^d POITIERS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoid; Carcinoma; Chemotherapy; Neuroendocrine cells; Serotonin; Tumour suppressor

Indexed keywords

1 (2 METHOXYPHENYL) 4 (4 PHTHALIMIDOBUTYL)PIPERAZINE; 2,3,6,7 TETRAHYDRO 1' METHYL 5 [[2' METHYL 4' (5 METHYL 1,2,4 OXADIAZOL 3 YL) 4 BIPHENYLYL]CARBONYL]SPIRO[FURO[2,3 F]INDOLE 3,4' PIPERIDINE]; 3 (1,2,5,6 TETRAHYDRO 4 PYRIDYL)PYRROLO[3,2 B]PYRIDIN 5 ONE; 4 (4 METHYL 1 PIPERAZINYL) 7 TRIFLUOROMETHYLPYRROLO[1,2 A]QUINOXALINE; 4 AMINO 5 CHLORO 2 METHOXYBENZOIC ACID 3 PIPERIDINOPROPYL ESTER; 5 [3 (4 PHENYL 1 PIPERAZINYL)PROPOXY] 1,3 BENZODIOXOLE; CITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; METERGOLINE; N [4 METHOXY 3 (4 METHYL 1 PIPERAZINYL)PHENYL] 2' METHYL 4' (5 METHYL 1,2,4 OXADIAZOL 3 YL)[1,1' BIPHENYL] 4 CARBOXAMIDE; PAROXETINE; RITANSERIN; SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN 1A RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 1B RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 1D RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 1E RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 1F RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 2A RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 2B RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 2C RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 3 RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 4 RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 5A RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 5B RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 6 RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN 7 RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN RECEPTOR; SERTRALINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; AGENTS INTERACTING WITH TRANSMITTER, HORMONE OR DRUG RECEPTORS;

ANGIOGENESIS; ARTICLE; BILE DUCT CARCINOMA; BLADDER CARCINOMA; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER GROWTH; CARCINOGENESIS; CARCINOID; CELL MIGRATION; CHORIOCARCINOMA; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; DOWN REGULATION; GLIOMA; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; METASTASIS; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OVARY TUMOR; PROSTATE CARCINOMA; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; TUMOR GROWTH; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION; UPREGULATION; CELL TRANSFORMATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; GENETICS; METABOLISM; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); PATHOLOGY;

CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84922327116     PISSN: 15665240     EISSN: 18755666     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150114113411     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Bornstein JC. Serotonin in the gut: what does it do? Front Neurosci 2012; 6: 1-2.
2. Mann DA, Oakley F. Serotonin paracrine signaling in tissue fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1832: 905-10.
3. Gaspar P, Lillesaar C. Probing the diversity of serotonin neurons. Phil Trans R Soc B 2012; 367: 2382-94.
4. Marin P, Becamel C, Dumuis A, Bockaert. 5-HT Receptor-Associated Protein Networks: New Targets for Drug Discovery in Psychiatric Disorders? Current Drug Targets 2012; 13: 28-52.
5. Seuwen K, Pouysségur J. Serotonin as a growth factor. Biochem Pharmacol 1990; 39: 985-90.
6. Fanburg BL, Lee SL. A new role for an old molecule: serotonin as a mitogen. Am J Physiol 1997; 272: L795-L806.
7. Siddiqui EJ, Thompson CS, Mikhailidis DP, Mumtaz FH. The role of serotonin in tumour growth. Oncol Reports 2005; 14: 1593-7.
8. Julius D, Livelli TJ, Jessell TM, Axel R. Ectopic expression of the serotonin 1c receptor and the triggering of malignant transformation. Science 1989; 244: 1057-62.
9. Julius D, Huang KN, Livelli TJ, Axel R, Jessell TM. The 5HT2 receptor defines a familly of structurally distinct but functionally conserved serotonin receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 928-32.
10. Launay JM, Birraux G, Bondoux D, et al. Ras involvement in signal transduction by the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 3141-7.
11. Hoyer D, Clarke DE, Fozard JR, et al. VII. International union of pharmacology classification of receptors for 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Pharmacol Rev 1994; 46: 157-203.
12. Noda M, Higashida H, Aoki S, Wada K. Multiple signal transduction pathways mediated by 5-HT receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2004; 29: 31-9.
13. Millan MJ, Marin P, Bockaert J, Mannoury la Cour C. Signaling at G-protein-coupled serotonin receptors: recent advances and future research directions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29: 454-64.
14. Cowen DS. Serotonin and neuronal growth factors-a convergence of signaling pathways. J Neurochem 2007; 101: 1161-71.
15. Yun HM, Kim S, Kim HJ, et al. The novel cellular mechanism of human 5-HT6 receptor through an interaction with Fyn. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 5496-505.
16. Jungwirth N, Haeberle L, Schrott KM, Wullich B. Krause FS Serotonin used as prognostic marker of urological tumors. World J Urol 2008; 26: 499-504.
17. Alberti C. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate carcinoma: focusing on its pathophysiologic mechanisms and pathological features. G Chir 2010; 31: 568-74.
18. Sun Y, Niu J, Huang J, Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer. Am J Transl Res 2009; 1: 148-62.
19. Huss W, Gregory CW, Smith GJ. Neuroendocrine cell differentiation in the CWR22 human prostate cancer xenograft: association with tumor cell proliferation prior to recurrence. Prostate 2004; 60: 91-7.
20. Bostwick DG, Qian J, Pacelli A, et al. Neuroendocrine expression in node positive prostate cancer: correlation with systemic progression and patient survival. J Urol 2002; 168: 1204-11.
21. Abdul M, Anezinis PE, Logothetis CJ, Hoosein NM. Growth inhibition of human prostatic carcinoma cell lines by serotonin antagonists. Anticancer Res 1994; 14: 1215-20.
22. Abdul M, Logothetis CJ, Hoosein NM. Growth-inhibitory effects of serotonin uptake inhibitors on human prostate carcinoma cell lines. J Urol 1995; 154: 247-50.
23. Dizeyi N, Bjartell A, Nilsson E, et al. Expression of serotonin receptors and role of serotonin in human prostate cancer tissue and cell lines. Prostate 2004; 59: 328-36.
24. Dizeyi N, Bjartell A, Hedlund P, Tasken KA, Gadaleanu V, Abrahamsson PA. Expression of serotonin receptors 2B and 4 in human prostate cancer tissue and effects of their antagonists on prostate cancer cell line. Eur Urol 2005; 47: 895-900.
25. Dizeyi N, Hedlund P, Bjartell A, Tinzl M, Tasken KA, Abrahamsson PA. Serotonin activates MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in prostate cancer cell lines. Urol Oncol 2011; 29: 436-45.
26. Siddiqui EJ, Shabbir M, Mikhailidis DP, Thompson CS, Mumtaz FH. The role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine 1A and 1B) receptors in prostate cancer cell proliferation. J Urol 2006; 176: 1648-53.
27. Pirozhok I, Meye A, Hakenberg OW, Fuessel S, Wirth MP. Serotonin and melatonin do not play a prominent role in the growth of prostate cancer cell lines. Urol Int 2010; 84: 452-60.
28. Jeong YM, Li H, Kim SY, et al. Photo-activated 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid induces apoptosis of prostate and bladder cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 2011; 103: 50-6.
29. Siddiqui EJ, Shabbir MA, Mikhailidis DP, Mumtaz FH, Thompson CS. The effect of serotonin and serotonin antagonists on bladder cancer cell proliferation. BJU International 2006; 97: 634-9.
30. Beasley MB, Brambilla E, Travis WD. The 2004 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors. Semin Roentgenol 2005; 40: 90-7.
31. Sutherland KD, Berns A. Cell of origin of lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2010; 4: 397-403.
32. O'Flaherty JD, Barr M, Fennell D, et al. The cancer stem-cell hypothesis. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7: 1880-90.
33. Cattaneo MG, Codignola A, Vicentini LM, Clementi F, Sher E. Nicotine stimulates a serotoninergic autocrine loop in human small-cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 5566-8.
34. Cattaneo MG, Palazzi E, Bondiolotti G, Vicentini LM. 5-HT1D receptor type is involved in stimulation of cell proliferation by serotonin in human small cell lung carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 268: 425-30.
35. Cattaneo MG, Fesce R, Vicentini LM. Mitogenic effect of serotonin in human small cell lung carcinoma cells via both 5-HT1A and 5-HT1D receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 291: 209-11.
36. Vicentini LM, Cattaneo MG, Fesce R. Evidence for receptor subtype cross-talk in the mitogenic action of serotonin on human small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 318: 497-504.
37. Govindan R, Page N, Morgensztern D, et al. Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 4539-44.
38. Kalemkerian GP, Akerley W, Bogner P, et al. Small cell lung cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2011; 9: 1086-113.
39. Improgo MRD, Johnson CW, Tapper AR, Gardner PD. Bioluminescence-based high-throughput screen identifies pharmacological agents that target neurotransmitter signaling in small cell lung carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6: e24132.
40. Fleming M, Ravula S, Tatishchev SF, Wang HL. Colorectal carcinoma: pathologic aspects. J Gastrointest Oncol 2012; 3: 153-73.
41. Tutton PJ, Barkla DH. The influence of serotonin on the mitotic rate in the colonic crypt epithelium and in colonic adenocarcinoma in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1978a; 5: 91-4.
42. Tutton PJ, Barkla DH. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of dihydrotryptamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists as cytotoxic agents in dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinomat. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1978b; 1: 209-13.
43. Tutton PJM, Steel GG. Influence of biogenic amines on the growth of wenografted human colorectal carcinomas. Br J Cancer 1979; 40: 743-9.
44. Barkla DH, Tutton PJ. Influence of histamine and serotonin antagonists on the growth of xenografted human colorectal tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981; 67: 1207-11.
45. Tutton PJ, Barkla DH. Influence of inhibitors of serotonin uptake on intestinal epithelium and colorectal carcinomas. Br J Cancer 1982; 46: 260-5.
46. Xu W, Tamim H, Shapiro S, Stang M, Collet JP. Use of antidepressants and risk of colorectal cancer: a nested casecontrol study. Lancet Oncol 2006; 7: 301-8.
47. Lee HK, Eom CS, Kwon YM, Ahn JS, Kim S, Park SM. Metaanalysis: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and colon cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24: 1153-7.
48. Savas S, Hyde A, Stuckless SN, Parfrey P, Younghusband H, Green R. Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) variations are associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2012; 7: e38953.
49. Ataee R, Ajdary S, Zarrindast M, Rezayat M, Shokrgozar MA, Ataee A. Y25130 hydrochloride, a selective 5HT3 receptor antagonist has potent antimitogenic and apoptotic effect on HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010a; 19: 138-43.
50. Ataee R, Ajdary S, Rezayat M, Shokrgozar MA, Shahriari S, Zarrindast MR. Study of 5HT3 and 5HT4 receptors expression in HT29 cell line and human colon adenocarcinoma tissues. Arch Iran Med 2010b; 13: 120-5.
51. Ataee R, Ajdary S, Zarrindast M, Rezayat M, Hayatbakhsh MR. Anti-mitogenic and apoptotic effects of 5-HT1B receptor antagonist on HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010c; 136: 1461-9.
52. Mastrangelo L, Cassidy A, Mulholland F, Wang W, Bao Y. Serotonin receptors, novel targets of sulforaphane identified by proteomic analysis in caco-2 cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 5487-91.
53. Alpini G, Invernizzi P, Gaudio E, et al. Serotonin metabolism is dysregulated in cholangiocarcinoma, which has implications for tumor growth, Cancer Res 2008; 68: 9184-93.
54. Sonier B, Lavigne C, Arseneault M, Ouellette R, Vaillancourt C. Expression of the 5-HT2A serotoninergic receptor in human placenta and choriocarcinoma cells: mitogenic implications of serotonin. Placenta 2005; 26: 484-90.
55. Oufkir T, Arseneault M, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. The 5-HT2A serotonin receptor enhances cell viability, affects cell cycle progression and activates MEK-ERK1/2 and JAK2-STAT3 signalling pathways in human choriocarcinoma cell lines. Placenta 2010; 31: 439-47.
56. Sonier B, Arseneault M, Lavigne C, Ouellette R, Vaillancourt C. The 5-HT2A serotoninergic receptor is expressed in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and reveals a mitogenic effect of serotonin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 343: 1053-9.
57. Pai VP, Marshall AM, Hernandez LL, Buckley AR, Horseman ND. Altered serotonin physiology in human breast cancers favors paradoxical growth and cell survival. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11: R81.
58. Kopparapu PK, Tinzl M, Anagnostaki L, Persson JL, Dizeyi N. Expression and localization of serotonin receptors in human breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2013; 33: 363-70.
59. Eom CS, Park SM, Cho KH. Use of antidepressants and the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136: 635-45.
60. Zhou T, Duan J, Wang Y, et al. Fluoxetine synergys with anticancer drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2012; 33: 1299-306.
61. Schuppan D, Afdhal NH. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 2008; 371: 838-51.
62. Sulaiman P, Joseph B, Kaimal SB, Paulose CS. Decreased hepatic 5-HT1A receptors during liver regeneration and neoplasia in rats. Neurochem Res 2008; 33: 444-9.
63. Sulaiman P, Joseph B, Paulose CS. Increased 5-HT2C receptor binding in the brain stem and cerebral cortex during liver regeneration and hepatic neoplasia in rats. J Neurol Sci 2007; 254: 3-8.
64. Soll C, Jang JH, Riener MO, et al. Serotonin promotes tumor growth in human hepatocellular cancer. Hepatology 2010; 51: 1244-54.
65. Soll C, Riener MO, Oberkofler CE, et al. Expression of serotonin receptors in human hepatocellular cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18: 5902-10.
66. Merzak A, Koochekpour S, Fillion MP, Fillion G, Pilkington GJ. Expression of serotonin receptors in human fetal astrocytes and glioma cell lines: a possible role in glioma cell proliferation and migration. Mol Brain Res 1996; 41: 1-7.
67. Weizsaecker M, Deen DF, Rosemblum ML, Hoshimo T, Gutin PH, Barker M. The 9L rat brain tumor: description and application of an animal model. J Neurol 1981; 224: 183-92.
68. Morita K, Arimochi H, Itoh H, Her S. Possible involvement of 5α-reduced neurosteroids in adrenergic and serotoninergic stimulation of GFAP gene expression in rat C6 glioma cells. Brain Res 2006; 1085: 49-56.
69. Hisaoka K, Nishida A, Takebayashi M, Koda T, Yamawaki S, Nakata Y. Serotonin increases glial cell line-derived neutrophic factor release in rat C6 glioblastoma cells. Brain Res 2004; 1002: 167-70.
70. Lu DY, Leung YM, Cheung CW, Chen YR, Wong KL. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in glioma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80: 1201-9.
71. Filatova A, Acker T, Garvalov BK. The cancer stem cell niche(s): the crosstalk between glioma stem cells and their microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1830: 2496-508.
72. Diamandis P, Wildenhain J, Clarke ID, et al. Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells. Nature Chem Biol 2007; 3: 268-73.
73. Pollard SM, Yoshikawa K, Clarke ID, et al. Glioma stem cell lines expanded in adherent culture have tumor-specific phenotypes and are suitable for chemical and genetic screens. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 4: 568-80.
74. Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2010; 60: 277-300.
75. Kwon MJ, Shin YK. Regulation of ovarian cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14: 6624-48.
76. Henriksen R, Dizeyi N, Abrahamsson PA. Expression of serotonin receptors 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2B and 5-HT4 in ovary and in ovarian tumours. Anticancer Res 2012; 32: 1361-6.
77. Huhnt W, Lübbe AS. Growth, microvessel density and tumor cell invasion of human colon adenocarcinoma under repeated treatment with hyperthermia and serotonin. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995; 121: 423-8.
78. Gustafsson BI, Kidd M, Modlin IM. Neuroendocrine tumors of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Curr Opin Oncol 2008; 20: 1-12.
79. De Herder WW. Biochemistry of neuroendocrine tumours. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 21: 33-41.
80. Kloppel G, Perren A, Heitz PU. The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors: the WHO classification. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1014: 13-27.
81. Drozdov I, Kidd M, Gustafsson B, et al. Auto-regulatory effects of serotonin on proliferation and signalling pathways in lung and small intestine neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. Cancer 2009; 115: 4934-45.
82. Ishizuka J, Beauchamp RD, Townsend CM Jr, Greeley GH Jr. Thompson JC. Receptor-mediated autocrine growthstimulatory effect of 5-Hydroxytryptamine on cultured human pancreatic carcinoid cells. J Cell Physiol 1992; 150: 1-7.
83. Hauso O, Gustafsson BI, Loennechen JP, Stunes AK, Nordrum I, Waldum HL. Long-term serotonin effects in the rat are prevented by terguride. Reg Peptides 2007; 143: 39-46.
84. Watts SW, Davis RP. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in systemic hypertension: an arterial focus. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 29: 54-67.
85. Stücker O, Vicaut E, Teisseire B. Specific response to 5-HT2 agonists by arterioles linked to Meth A tumors in mice. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: H704-9.
86. Stücker O, Laemmel E, Teisseire B, Vicaut E. Specific response of mouse tumor-feeding arterioles to stimulation by 5-HT1 antagonists. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 37: 1125-31.
87. Lübbe AS, Huhnt W. Microvessel diameters of human colon adenocarcinoma during acute treatment with serotonin. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 1994; 14: 218-25.
88. Vicaut E, Laemmel E, Stücker O. Impact of serotonin on tumour growth. Ann Med 2000; 32: 187-94.
89. Zamani A, Qu Z. Serotonin activates angiogenic phosphorylation signaling in human endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 2012; 586: 2360-5.
90. Nocito A, Dahm F, Jochum W, et al. Serotonin regulates macrophage-mediated angiogenesis in a mouse model of colon cancer allografts. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 5152-8.
91. Asada M, Ebihara S, Yamanda S, et al. Depletion of serotonin and selective inhibition of 2B receptor suppressed tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Neoplasia 2006; 11: 408-17.
92. Nishikawa T, Tsuno NH, Shuno Y, et al. Antiangiogenic effect of a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist. J Surg Res 2010; 159: 696-704.
93. Takai D, Yagi Y, Wakazono K, et al. Silencing of HTR1B and reduced expression of EDN1 in human lung cancers, revealed by methylation-sensitive representational difference analysis. Oncogene 2001; 20: 7505-13.
94. Li CY, Chow C, Chan WY. Allelic imbalance mapped to 6q14. 1 is associated with loss of expression of 5-HT receptor 1B in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Diagn Mol Pathol 2004; 13: 69-74.
95. Strefford JC, Stasevich I, Lane TM, Lu YJ, Olivier T, Young BD. A combination of molecular cytogenetic analyses reveals complex genetic alterations in conventional renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2005; 159: 1-9.
96. Liu CJ, Lin SC, Chen YJ, Chang KM, Chang KW. Arraycomparative genomic hybridization to detect genomewide changes in microdissected primary and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinomas. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45: 721-31.
97. Yasuda T, Kanamori M, Nogami S, et al. Establishment of a new human osteosarcoma cell line, UTOS-I: cytogenetic characterization by array comparative genomic hybridization. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2009; 28: 26.
98. Derangeon M, Bozon V, Defamie N, et al. 5-HT4 and 5-HT2 receptors antagonistically influence gap junctional coupling between rat auricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48: 220-9.
99. Cronier L, Crespin S, Strale PO, Defamie N, Mesnil M. Gap junctions and cancer: new functions for an old story. Antiox Redox Signal 2009; 11: 1-16.
100. Skolnik G, Ivarsson L, Bagge U. The influence of antiserotonin treatment with ketanserin on the pulmonary lodgement of circulating tumour cells in normal and traumatized rats. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1983; 19: 843-6.
101. Skolnik G, Bagge U, Blomqvist G, Dahlström A, Ahlman H. Involvement of platelet-released 5-HT in tumor cell lodgement. J Surg Res 1985; 38: 559-67.
102. Läer S, Remmers F, Scholz H, Stern B, Müller FU, Neumann J. Receptor mechanisms involved in the 5-HT-induced inotropic action in the rat isolated atrium. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 123: 1182-8.
103. Rosetti M, Frasnelli M, Tesei A, Zoli W, Conti M. Cytotoxicity of different selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) against cancer cells. J Exp Ther Oncol 2006; 6: 23-9.
104. Kapoor S. Emerging anticarcinogenic effects of fluoxetine besides its role in the treatment of breast carcinomas. Tumor Biol 2012; 33: 1279.