Control of zinc oxide nanowire array properties with electron-beam lithography templating for photovoltaic applications

Nanotechnology

Volumn 26, Issue 7, 2015, Pages

  Nicaise, Samuel M ^a   Cheng, Jayce J ^b   Kiani, Amirreza ^b,c   Gradečak, Silvija ^b   Berggren, Karl K ^a  

^a Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science   (United States)

^b Massachusetts Institute of Technology   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

electron beam lithography; hydrothermal growth; nanostructured photovoltaics; nanowire alignment; ZnO nanowires

Indexed keywords

ALIGNMENT; ELECTRON BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; ELECTRON BEAMS; II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; ZINC OXIDE;

HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTRON BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION PATTERNING; HYDROTHERMAL GROWTH; HYDROTHERMALLY SYNTHESIZED; NANOWIRE ALIGNMENTS; PHOTOVOLTAICS; ZINC OXIDE NANOWIRE ARRAYS; ZNO NANOWIRES;

NANOWIRES;

EID: 84922143412     PISSN: 09574484     EISSN: 13616528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075303     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Jean J, Chang S, Brown P R, Cheng J J and Rekemeyer P H 2013 ZnO Nanowire arrays for enhanced photocurrent in pbs quantum dot solar cells Adv. Mater. 25 2790-6
2. Lan X et al 2013 Self-assembled, nanowire network electrodes for depleted bulk heterojunction solar cells Adv. Mater. 25 1769-73
3. Olson D C, Lee Y-J, White M S, Kopidakis N, Shaheen S E, Ginley D S, Voigt J A and Hsu J W P 2008 Effect of zno processing on the photovoltage of ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) solar cells J. Phys. Chem. C 112 9544-7
4. Park H et al 2013 Graphene cathode-based ZnO nanowire hybrid solar cells Nano Lett. 13 233-9
5. Takanezawa K, Tajima K and Hashimoto K 2008 Efficiency enhancement of polymer photovoltaic devices hybridized with ZnO nanorod arrays by the introduction of a vanadium oxide buffer layer Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 063308
6. Takanezawa K, Hirota K, Wei Q-S, Tajima K and Hashimoto K 2007 Efficient charge collection with ZnO nanorod array in hybrid photovoltaic devices J. Phys. Chem. C 111 7218-23
7. Wang L, Zhao D, Su Z, Li B, Zhang Z and Shen D 2011 Enhanced efficiency of polymer/ZnO nanorods hybrid solar cell sensitized by Cds quantum dots J. Electrochem. Soc. 158 H804-7
8. Feng Z, Zhang Q, Lin L, Guo H, Zhou J and Lin Z 2010 <0001>-Preferential growth of CdSe nanowires on conducting glass: template-free electrodeposition and application in photovoltaics Chem. Mater. 22 2705-10
9. Quintana M, Edvinsson T, Hagfeldt A and Boschloo G 2007 Comparison of dye-sensitized ZnO and TiO 2 solar cells: studies of charge transport and carrier lifetime J. Phys. Chem. C 111 1035-41
10. Saito M and Fujihara S 2008 Large photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized ZnO solar cells Energy Environ. Sci. 1 280
11. Xu C and Gao D 2012 Two-stage hydrothermal growth of long ZnO nanowires for efficient TiO 2 nanotube-based dye-sensitized solar cells J. Phys. Chem. C 116 7236-41
12. Quintana M and Edvinsson T 2007 Comparison of dye-sensitized ZnO and TiO2 solar cells: studies of charge transport and carrier lifetime J. Phys. Chem. C 111 1035-41
13. Vayssieres L 2003 Growth of arrayed nanorods and nanowires of ZnO from aqueous solutions Adv. Mater. 15 464-6
14. Greene L E, Law M, Tan D H, Montano M, Goldberger J, Somorjai G and Yang P 2005 General route to vertical ZnO nanowire arrays using textured ZnO seeds Nano Lett. 5 1231-6
15. Huang J-S and Lin C-F 2008 Influences of ZnO sol-gel thin film characteristics on ZnO nanowire arrays prepared at low temperature using all solution-based processing J. Appl. Phys. 103 014304
16. Neykova N, Hruska K, Holovsky J, Remes Z and Vanecek M 2013 Arrays of ZnO nanocolumns for 3-dimensional very thin amorphous and microcrystalline silicon solar cells Thin Solid Films 543 2-5
17. Park H et al 2012 Graphene cathode-based ZnO nanowire hybrid solar cells Nano Lett. 13 233-9
18. Chen J, Lei W, Li C, Zhang Y and Cui Y 2011 Flexible quantum dot sensitized solar cell by electrophoretic deposition of CdSe quantum dots on ZnO nanorods Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 13182-4
19. Johnston K W, Pattantyus-Abraham A G, Clifford J P, Myrskog S H, Hoogland S, Shukla H, Klem E J D, Levina L and Sargent E H 2008 Efficient Schottky-quantum-dot photovoltaics: the roles of depletion, drift, and diffusion Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 122111
20. Kramer I J et al 2012 Ordered nanopillar structured electrodes for depleted bulk heterojunction colloidal quantum dot solar cells Adv. Mater. 24 2315-9
21. Richardson J J, Estrada D, DenBaars S P, Hawker C J and Campos L M 2011 A facile route to patterned epitaxial ZnO nanostructures by soft lithography J. Mater. Chem. 21 14417
22. Xu S, Wei Y, Kirkham M, Liu J, Mai W, Davidovic D, Snyder R L and Wang Z L 2008 Patterned growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays on inorganic substrates at low temperature without catalyst J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 14958-9
23. Lee W W, Yi J, Kim S B, Kim Y-H, Park H-G and Park W I 2011 Morphology-controlled three-dimensional nanoarchitectures produced by exploiting vertical and in-plane crystallographic orientations in hydrothermal ZnO crystals Cryst. Growth Des. 11 4927-32
24. Weintraub B, Deng Y and Wang Z L 2007 Position-controlled seedless growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on a polymer substrate via wet chemical synthesis J. Phys. Chem. C 111 10162-5
25. Zhang D, Wang S, Cheng K, Dai S, Hu B, Han X, Shi Q and Du Z 2012 Controllable fabrication of patterned ZnO nanorod arrays: investigations into the impacts on their morphology Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 2969-77
26. Erdelyi R, Nagata T, Rogers D J, Teherani F H, Horvath Z E, Labadi Z, Baji Z, Wakayama Y and Volk J 2011 Investigations into the impact of the template layer on ZnO nanowire arrays made using low temperature wet chemical growth Cryst. Growth Des. 11 2515-9
27. Song J and Lim S 2007 Effect of seed layer on the growth of ZnO nanorods J. Phys. Chem. C 111 596-600
28. Cross R, De Souza M and Narayanan E 2005 A low temperature combination method for the production of ZnO nanowires Nanotechnology 16 2188-92
29. Ma T, Guo M, Zhang M, Zhang Y and Wang X 2007 Density-controlled hydrothermal growth of well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays Nanotechnology 18 035605-12
30. Tian Z R, Voigt J A, Liu J, Mckenzie B, McDermott M J, Rodriguez M A, Konishi H and Xu H 2003 Complex and oriented ZnO nanostructures Nat. Mater. 2 821-6
31. Fan H J et al 2006 Template-assisted large-scale ordered arrays of ZnO pillars for optical and piezoelectric applications Small 2 561-8
32. Joo J, Chow B Y, Prakash M, Boyden E S and Jacobson J M 2011 Face-selective electrostatic control of hydrothermal zinc oxide nanowire synthesis Nat. Mater. 10 596-601
33. Lin M, Wang Y, Chen H, Alejandro J M, Su C and Jeng U 2011 Critical analysis of the crystal orientation behavior in polyethylene-based crystalline-amorphous diblock copolymer J. Phys. Chem. B 115 2494-502
34. Wu H, Wang W, Huang Y and Su Z 2009 Orientation of syndiotactic polystyrene crystallized in cylindrical nanopores Macromol. Rapid Commun. 30 194-8
35. Wei Y, Wu W, Guo R, Yuan D, Das S and Wang Z L 2010 Wafer-scale high-throughput ordered growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays Nano Lett. 10 3414-9
36. Zhang S, Shen Y, Fang H, Xu S and Lin Z 2010 Growth and replication of ordered ZnO nanowire arrays on general flexible substrates J. Mater. Chem. 20 10606-10
37. Nagata T, Rogers D J, Teherani F H, Horv Z E and Wakayama Y 2011 Investigations into the impact of the template layer on ZnO nanowire arrays made using low temperature wet chemical growth Cryst. Growth Des. 11 2515-9
38. Li C, Hong G, Wang P, Yu D and Qi L 2009 Wet chemical approaches to patterned arrays of well-aligned ZnO nanopillars assisted by monolayer colloidal crystals Chem. Mater. 21 891-7
39. Kim T, Kim J, Pawar S M, Moon J and Kim J H 2010 Creation of nanoscale two-dimensional patterns of ZnO nanorods using laser interference lithography followed by hydrothermal synthesis at 90 °C Cryst. Growth Des. 10 4256-61
40. Chao C, Huang J and Lin C 2009 Low-temperature growth of surface-architecture-controlled ZnO nanorods on Si J. Phys. Chem. C 113 512-7
41. Tao Y, Fu M, Zhao A, He D and Wang Y 2010 The effect of seed layer on morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays grown by hydrothermal method J. Alloys Compd. 489 99-102
42. Richardson J J, Estrada D and DenBaars 2011 A facile route to patterned epitaxial ZnO nanostructures by soft lithography J. Mater. Chem. 21 14417-9
43. Li H, Low J, Brown K S and Wu N 2008 Large-area well-ordered nanodot array pattern fabricated with self-assembled nanosphere template IEEE Sens. J. 8 880-4
44. Korre H, Fucetola C P, Johnson J A and Berggren K K 2010 Development of a simple, compact, low-cost interference lithography system J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28 C6Q20
45. Qin Y, Wang X and Wang Z L 2008 Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging Nature 451 809-13
46. Li S, Hu J, Li J, Tian J, Han Z, Zhou X and Chen Y 2011 Anisotropic wet etched silicon substrates for reoriented and selective growth of ZnO nanowires and enhanced hydrophobicity Langmuir 27 6549-53
47. Goldberger J, Sirbuly D J, Law M and Yang P 2005 ZnO nanowire transistors J. Phys. Chem. B 109 9-14
48. Chen A, Chua S J, Chen P, Chen X Y and Jian L K 2006 Fabrication of sub-100 nm patterns in SiO2 templates by electron-beam lithography for the growth of periodic III-V semiconductor nanostructures Nanotechnology 17 3903-8