메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue S1, 2015, Pages 23-37

Pulmonary arterial hypertension: The key role of echocardiography

Author keywords

differential diagnosis; echocardiography; new technologies; prognosis; pulmonary hypertension; screening

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CARDIOPULMONARY HEMODYNAMICS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FOLLOW UP; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART RIGHT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HUMAN; LUNG ARTERY PRESSURE; LUNG CIRCULATION; LUNG HEMODYNAMICS; MEASUREMENT ACCURACY; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT; PATIENT MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; RIGHT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION; RIGHT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION; THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY; LUNG WEDGE PRESSURE; MALE; MASS SCREENING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 84921681228     PISSN: 07422822     EISSN: 15408175     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/echo.12283     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 70350726999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult congenital heart disease importance of the right ventricle
    • Warnes CA,: Adult congenital heart disease importance of the right ventricle. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 1903-1910.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 1903-1910
    • Warnes, C.A.1
  • 2
    • 80054762036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging and modern assessment of the right ventricle
    • Le Tourneau T, Piriou N, Donal E, et al. Imaging and modern assessment of the right ventricle. Minerva Cardioangiol 2011; 59: 349-373.
    • (2011) Minerva Cardioangiol , vol.59 , pp. 349-373
    • Le Tourneau, T.1    Piriou, N.2    Donal, E.3
  • 3
    • 77953661132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography
    • Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2010; 23: 685-713.
    • (2010) Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography , vol.23 , pp. 685-713
    • Rudski, L.G.1    Lai, W.W.2    Afilalo, J.3
  • 4
    • 33645210987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions
    • S1
    • Ho SY, Nihoyannopoulos P,: Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions. Heart 2006; 92 (S1): 12-13.
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , pp. 12-13
    • Ho, S.Y.1    Nihoyannopoulos, P.2
  • 5
    • 59649123960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The right ventricle in cardiac surgery, a perioperative perspective: In Anatomy, physiology, and assessment
    • Haddad F, Couture P, Tousignant C, et al. The right ventricle in cardiac surgery, a perioperative perspective: In Anatomy, physiology, and assessment. Anesth Analg 2009; 108: 407-421.
    • (2009) Anesth Analg , vol.108 , pp. 407-421
    • Haddad, F.1    Couture, P.2    Tousignant, C.3
  • 6
    • 54349122611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The right ventricle: Anatomy, physiology and clinical imaging
    • Sheehan F, Redington A,: The right ventricle: Anatomy, physiology and clinical imaging. Heart 2008; 94: 1510-1515.
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 1510-1515
    • Sheehan, F.1    Redington, A.2
  • 7
    • 41649103553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease, part I: Anatomy, physiology, aging, and functional assessment of the right ventricle
    • Haddad F, Hunt SA, Rosenthal DN, et al. Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease, part I: Anatomy, physiology, aging, and functional assessment of the right ventricle. Circulation 2008; 117: 1436-1448.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 1436-1448
    • Haddad, F.1    Hunt, S.A.2    Rosenthal, D.N.3
  • 8
    • 65649146477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The right ventricle: Biologic insights and response to disease
    • Walker LA, Buttrick PM,: The right ventricle: Biologic insights and response to disease. Current Cardiol Rev 2009; 5: 22-28.
    • (2009) Current Cardiol Rev , vol.5 , pp. 22-28
    • Walker, L.A.1    Buttrick, P.M.2
  • 9
    • 84860366249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology of the right ventricle
    • Dell'Italia LJ,: Anatomy and physiology of the right ventricle. Cardiol Clin 2012; 30: 167-187.
    • (2012) Cardiol Clin , vol.30 , pp. 167-187
    • Dell'Italia, L.J.1
  • 10
    • 0021827909 scopus 로고
    • Volumetric responses of right and left ventricles during upright exercise in normal subjects
    • Mahler DA, Matthay RA, Snyder PE, et al. Volumetric responses of right and left ventricles during upright exercise in normal subjects. J Appl Physiol 1985; 58: 1818-1822.
    • (1985) J Appl Physiol , vol.58 , pp. 1818-1822
    • Mahler, D.A.1    Matthay, R.A.2    Snyder, P.E.3
  • 11
    • 0033301605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal human right and left ventricular mass, systolic function, and gender differences by cine magnetic resonance imaging
    • Lorenz CH, Walker ES, Morgan VL, et al. Normal human right and left ventricular mass, systolic function, and gender differences by cine magnetic resonance imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 1999; 1: 7-21.
    • (1999) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.1 , pp. 7-21
    • Lorenz, C.H.1    Walker, E.S.2    Morgan, V.L.3
  • 12
    • 0037822129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECG-gated 99mTc single-photon emission CT for assessment of right ventricular structure and function. Is the information provided similar to echocardiography?
    • Aepfelbacher FC, Yeon SB, Ho KKL, et al. ECG-gated 99mTc single-photon emission CT for assessment of right ventricular structure and function. Is the information provided similar to echocardiography? Chest 2003; 124: 227-232.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 227-232
    • Aepfelbacher, F.C.1    Yeon, S.B.2    Ho, K.K.L.3
  • 13
    • 34247629514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal values of right ventricular size and function by real-time 3- dimensional echocardiography: Comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
    • Gopal AS, Chukwu EO, Iwuchukwu CJ, et al. Normal values of right ventricular size and function by real-time 3- dimensional echocardiography: Comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007; 20: 445-455.
    • (2007) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.20 , pp. 445-455
    • Gopal, A.S.1    Chukwu, E.O.2    Iwuchukwu, C.J.3
  • 14
    • 0001016723 scopus 로고
    • The functional anatomy of ventricular contraction
    • Rushmer RF, Krystal DK, Wagner C,: The functional anatomy of ventricular contraction. Circ Res 1953; 1: 162-170.
    • (1953) Circ Res , vol.1 , pp. 162-170
    • Rushmer, R.F.1    Krystal, D.K.2    Wagner, C.3
  • 15
    • 0000065851 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of right ventricular function using two-dimensional echocardiography
    • Kaul S, Tei C, Hopkins JM, et al. Assessment of right ventricular function using two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 1984; 128: 301-307.
    • (1984) Am Heart J , vol.128 , pp. 301-307
    • Kaul, S.1    Tei, C.2    Hopkins, J.M.3
  • 16
    • 0036835691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness and limits of transthoracic echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with primary and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
    • Ghio S, Raineri C, Scelsi L, et al. Usefulness and limits of transthoracic echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with primary and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002; 15: 1374-1380.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.15 , pp. 1374-1380
    • Ghio, S.1    Raineri, C.2    Scelsi, L.3
  • 17
    • 77956143967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular ejection fraction is better reflected by transverse rather than longitudinal wall motion in pulmonary hypertension
    • Kind T, Mauritz GJ, Marcus JT, et al. Right ventricular ejection fraction is better reflected by transverse rather than longitudinal wall motion in pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Mag Reson 2010; 12: 35.
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Mag Reson , vol.12 , pp. 35
    • Kind, T.1    Mauritz, G.J.2    Marcus, J.T.3
  • 18
    • 84859504937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive changes in right ventricular geometric shortening and long-term survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Mauritz GJ, Kind T, Marcus JT, et al. Progressive changes in right ventricular geometric shortening and long-term survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2012; 141: 935-943.
    • (2012) Chest , vol.141 , pp. 935-943
    • Mauritz, G.J.1    Kind, T.2    Marcus, J.T.3
  • 20
    • 79952594531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications. Endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography
    • Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, Badano LP, et al. Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications. Endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011; 12: 167-205.
    • (2011) Eur J Echocardiogr , vol.12 , pp. 167-205
    • Mor-Avi, V.1    Lang, R.M.2    Badano, L.P.3
  • 21
    • 17644412017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional and global right ventricular function in healthy individuals aged 20-90 years: A pulsed Doppler tissue imaging study: Umea General Population Heart Study
    • Lindqvist P, Waldenstrom A, Henein M, et al. Regional and global right ventricular function in healthy individuals aged 20-90 years: A pulsed Doppler tissue imaging study: Umea General Population Heart Study. Echocardiography 2005; 22: 305-314.
    • (2005) Echocardiography , vol.22 , pp. 305-314
    • Lindqvist, P.1    Waldenstrom, A.2    Henein, M.3
  • 22
    • 0037046191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction as a novel non invasive index of right ventricular contractility: Comparison with ventricular pressure-volume relations in an animal model
    • Vogel M, Schmidt MR, Kristiansen SB, et al. Validation of myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction as a novel non invasive index of right ventricular contractility: Comparison with ventricular pressure-volume relations in an animal model. Circulation 2002; 105: 1693-1699.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1693-1699
    • Vogel, M.1    Schmidt, M.R.2    Kristiansen, S.B.3
  • 23
    • 84874659267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right isovolumic contraction velocity predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension
    • Ernande L, Cottin V, Leroux PY, et al. Right isovolumic contraction velocity predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26: 297-306.
    • (2013) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.26 , pp. 297-306
    • Ernande, L.1    Cottin, V.2    Leroux, P.Y.3
  • 24
    • 0029047347 scopus 로고
    • New non-invasive index for combined systolic and diastolic ventricular function
    • Tei C,: New non-invasive index for combined systolic and diastolic ventricular function. J Cardiol 1995; 26: 135-136.
    • (1995) J Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 135-136
    • Tei, C.1
  • 25
    • 70049112901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT)
    • Galiè N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J 2009; 30: 2493-2537.
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 2493-2537
    • Galiè, N.1    Hoeper, M.M.2    Humbert, M.3
  • 26
    • 67649624517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary artery pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects: A systematic review
    • Kovacs G, Berghold A, Scheid S, et al. Pulmonary artery pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects: A systematic review. Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 888-894.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.34 , pp. 888-894
    • Kovacs, G.1    Berghold, A.2    Scheid, S.3
  • 27
    • 84862011678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary circulation at exercise
    • Naeije R, Chesler NC,: Pulmonary circulation at exercise. Compr Physiol 2012; 2: 711-741.
    • (2012) Compr Physiol , vol.2 , pp. 711-741
    • Naeije, R.1    Chesler, N.C.2
  • 28
    • 77953509697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise stress echocardiography for the study of the pulmonary circulation
    • Argiento P, Chesler N, Mulè M, et al. Exercise stress echocardiography for the study of the pulmonary circulation. Eur Respir J 2010; 35: 1273-1278.
    • (2010) Eur Respir J , vol.35 , pp. 1273-1278
    • Argiento, P.1    Chesler, N.2    Mulè, M.3
  • 29
    • 84865583647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise stress echocardiography of the pulmonary circulation: Limits of normal and gender differences
    • Argiento P, Vanderpool RR, Mule M, et al. Exercise stress echocardiography of the pulmonary circulation: Limits of normal and gender differences. Chest 2012; 142: 1158-1165.
    • (2012) Chest , vol.142 , pp. 1158-1165
    • Argiento, P.1    Vanderpool, R.R.2    Mule, M.3
  • 30
    • 84872186964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transpulmonary pressure gradient for the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease
    • Naeije R, Vachiery J, Yerly P, et al. The transpulmonary pressure gradient for the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 217-223.
    • (2013) Eur Respir J , vol.41 , pp. 217-223
    • Naeije, R.1    Vachiery, J.2    Yerly, P.3
  • 31
    • 84871375415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Bossone E, D'Andrea A, D'Alto M, et al. Echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26: 1-14.
    • (2013) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.26 , pp. 1-14
    • Bossone, E.1    D'Andrea, A.2    D'Alto, M.3
  • 32
    • 0021143486 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation
    • Yock PG, Popp RL,: Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation 1984; 70: 657-662.
    • (1984) Circulation , vol.70 , pp. 657-662
    • Yock, P.G.1    Popp, R.L.2
  • 33
    • 0025102102 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive estimation of right atrial pressure from the inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava
    • Kircher BJ, Himelman RB, Schiller NB,: Noninvasive estimation of right atrial pressure from the inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66: 493-496.
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.66 , pp. 493-496
    • Kircher, B.J.1    Himelman, R.B.2    Schiller, N.B.3
  • 34
    • 62149087798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of various empirical formulas for estimating mean pulmonary artery pressure by using systolic pulmonary artery pressure in adults
    • Chemla D, Castelain V, Provencher S, et al. Evaluation of various empirical formulas for estimating mean pulmonary artery pressure by using systolic pulmonary artery pressure in adults. Chest 2009; 135: 760-768.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , pp. 760-768
    • Chemla, D.1    Castelain, V.2    Provencher, S.3
  • 35
    • 0028849117 scopus 로고
    • More on the noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Doppler echocardiography revisited
    • Naeije R, Torbicki A,: More on the noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Doppler echocardiography revisited. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1445-1449.
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 1445-1449
    • Naeije, R.1    Torbicki, A.2
  • 36
    • 0037364372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced lung disease
    • Arcasoy SM, Christie JD, Ferrari VA, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 735-740.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.167 , pp. 735-740
    • Arcasoy, S.M.1    Christie, J.D.2    Ferrari, V.A.3
  • 37
    • 65249161113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of Doppler echocardiography in the hemodynamic assessment of pulmonary hypertension
    • Fisher MR, Forfia PR, Chamera E, et al. Accuracy of Doppler echocardiography in the hemodynamic assessment of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179: 615-621.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.179 , pp. 615-621
    • Fisher, M.R.1    Forfia, P.R.2    Chamera, E.3
  • 38
    • 84865797966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary vascular disease by Doppler echocardiography
    • Roberts J, Forfia PR,: Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary vascular disease by Doppler echocardiography. Pulm Circ 2011; 1: 160-181.
    • (2011) Pulm Circ , vol.1 , pp. 160-181
    • Roberts, J.1    Forfia, P.R.2
  • 39
    • 0030698732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doppler tissue imaging: A noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures
    • Nagueh S, Middleton K, Kopelen H, et al. Doppler tissue imaging: A noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1527-1533.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.30 , pp. 1527-1533
    • Nagueh, S.1    Middleton, K.2    Kopelen, H.3
  • 40
    • 0037454142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance
    • Abbas AE, Fortuin FD, Schiller NB, et al. A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1021-1027.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Abbas, A.E.1    Fortuin, F.D.2    Schiller, N.B.3
  • 41
    • 0020516241 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary hypertension by a pulsed Doppler technique
    • Kitabatake A, Inoue M, Asao M, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary hypertension by a pulsed Doppler technique. Circulation 1983; 68: 302-309.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.68 , pp. 302-309
    • Kitabatake, A.1    Inoue, M.2    Asao, M.3
  • 42
    • 84868515682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiography of pulmonary vascular function in asymptomatic carriers of BMPR2 mutations
    • Pavelescu A, Vanderpool R, Vachiéry JL, et al. Echocardiography of pulmonary vascular function in asymptomatic carriers of BMPR2 mutations. Eur Respir J 2012; 40: 1287-1289.
    • (2012) Eur Respir J , vol.40 , pp. 1287-1289
    • Pavelescu, A.1    Vanderpool, R.2    Vachiéry, J.L.3
  • 43
    • 34548309326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on wave reflections in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
    • Naeije R, Huez S,: Reflections on wave reflections in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 785-787.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 785-787
    • Naeije, R.1    Huez, S.2
  • 44
    • 34548307161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel echocardiographic predictor of in-hospital mortality and mid-term haemodynamic improvement after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension
    • Hardziyenka M, Reesink HJ, Bouma BJ, et al. A novel echocardiographic predictor of in-hospital mortality and mid-term haemodynamic improvement after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 842-849.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 842-849
    • Hardziyenka, M.1    Reesink, H.J.2    Bouma, B.J.3
  • 45
    • 78751687698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shape of the right ventricular Doppler envelope predicts hemodynamics and right heart function in pulmonary hypertension
    • Arkles JS, Opotowsky AR, Ojeda J, et al. Shape of the right ventricular Doppler envelope predicts hemodynamics and right heart function in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 268-276.
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.183 , pp. 268-276
    • Arkles, J.S.1    Opotowsky, A.R.2    Ojeda, J.3
  • 46
    • 64849109410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACCF/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society, Inc; And the Pulmonary Hypertension Association
    • McLaughlin VV, Archer SL, Badesch DB, et al. ACCF/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society, Inc; and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 1573-1619.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 1573-1619
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Archer, S.L.2    Badesch, D.B.3
  • 47
    • 33847133101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension: An essential tool
    • Bossone E, Citro R, Blasi F, et al. Echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension: An essential tool. Chest 2007; 131: 339-341.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 339-341
    • Bossone, E.1    Citro, R.2    Blasi, F.3
  • 50
    • 33847249917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The noninvasive evaluation of exercise-induced changes in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance
    • Bidart CM, Abbas AE, Parish JM, et al. The noninvasive evaluation of exercise-induced changes in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007; 20: 270-275.
    • (2007) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.20 , pp. 270-275
    • Bidart, C.M.1    Abbas, A.E.2    Parish, J.M.3
  • 51
    • 0031780570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular filling pressures during exercise: A cardiological blind spot?
    • West JB,: Left ventricular filling pressures during exercise: A cardiological blind spot? Chest 1998; 113: 1695-1697.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 1695-1697
    • West, J.B.1
  • 52
    • 0033133521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range of tricuspid regurgitation velocity at rest and during exercise in normal adult men: Implications for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension
    • Bossone E, Rubenfire M, Bach DS, et al. Range of tricuspid regurgitation velocity at rest and during exercise in normal adult men: Implications for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1662-1666.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1662-1666
    • Bossone, E.1    Rubenfire, M.2    Bach, D.S.3
  • 53
    • 0031001395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intense exercise impairs the integrity of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier in elite athletes
    • Hopkins SR, Schoene RB, Henderson WR, et al. Intense exercise impairs the integrity of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier in elite athletes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155: 1090-1094.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 1090-1094
    • Hopkins, S.R.1    Schoene, R.B.2    Henderson, W.R.3
  • 54
    • 78549253132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary transit of agitated contrast is associated with enhanced pulmonary vascular reserve and right ventricular function during exercise
    • La Gerche A, MacIsaac AI, Burns AT, et al. Pulmonary transit of agitated contrast is associated with enhanced pulmonary vascular reserve and right ventricular function during exercise. J Appl Physiol 2010; 109: 1307-1317.
    • (2010) J Appl Physiol , vol.109 , pp. 1307-1317
    • La Gerche, A.1    Macisaac, A.I.2    Burns, A.T.3
  • 55
    • 79958016068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disproportionate exercise load and remodeling of the athlete's right ventricle
    • La Gerche A, Heidbuchel H, Burns AT, et al. Disproportionate exercise load and remodeling of the athlete's right ventricle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 974-981.
    • (2011) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.43 , pp. 974-981
    • La Gerche, A.1    Heidbuchel, H.2    Burns, A.T.3
  • 56
    • 0024514674 scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure during exercise by saline-enhanced Doppler echocardiography in chronic pulmonary dis - Ease
    • Himelman RB, Stulbarg M, Kircher B, et al. Non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure during exercise by saline-enhanced Doppler echocardiography in chronic pulmonary dis-ease. Circulation 1989; 79: 863-871.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.79 , pp. 863-871
    • Himelman, R.B.1    Stulbarg, M.2    Kircher, B.3
  • 57
    • 0031750016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of right ventricular systolic pressure during incre- mental exercise by Doppler echocardiography in adults with atrial septal defect
    • Oelberg DA, Marcotte F, Kreisman H, et al. Evaluation of right ventricular systolic pressure during incre- mental exercise by Doppler echocardiography in adults with atrial septal defect. Chest 1998; 113: 1459-1465.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 1459-1465
    • Oelberg, D.A.1    Marcotte, F.2    Kreisman, H.3
  • 58
    • 0343619355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress Doppler echocardiography for identification of susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema
    • Grunig E, Mereles D, Hildebrandt W, et al. Stress Doppler echocardiography for identification of susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 980-987.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 980-987
    • Grunig, E.1    Mereles, D.2    Hildebrandt, W.3
  • 59
    • 0034609543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal pulmonary artery pressure response in asymptomatic carriers of primary pulmonary hypertension gene
    • Grunig E, Janssen B, Mereles D, et al. Abnormal pulmonary artery pressure response in asymptomatic carriers of primary pulmonary hypertension gene. Circulation 2000; 102: 1145-1150.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1145-1150
    • Grunig, E.1    Janssen, B.2    Mereles, D.3
  • 60
    • 33750031478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal pulmonary vascular responses in patients registered with a systemic autoimmunity database: Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Screening Evaluation Using Stress Echocardiography (PHASE-I)
    • Collins N, Bastian B, Quiqueree L, et al. Abnormal pulmonary vascular responses in patients registered with a systemic autoimmunity database: Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Screening Evaluation Using Stress Echocardiography (PHASE-I). Eur J Echocardiogr 2006; 7: 439-446.
    • (2006) Eur J Echocardiogr , vol.7 , pp. 439-446
    • Collins, N.1    Bastian, B.2    Quiqueree, L.3
  • 61
    • 33746359362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced exercise capacity and stress-induced pulmonary hypertension in patients with sclerodermia
    • Alkotob ML, Soltani P, Sheatt MA, et al. Reduced exercise capacity and stress-induced pulmonary hypertension in patients with sclerodermia. Chest 2006; 130: 176-181.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 176-181
    • Alkotob, M.L.1    Soltani, P.2    Sheatt, M.A.3
  • 62
    • 38349088997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced pulmonary artery hypertension: A rare finding?
    • Kiencke S, Bernheim A, Maggiorini M, et al. Exercise-induced pulmonary artery hypertension: A rare finding? J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 513-514.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 513-514
    • Kiencke, S.1    Bernheim, A.2    Maggiorini, M.3
  • 63
    • 47549101707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with sys- temic sclerosis
    • Steen V, Chou M, Shanmugam V, et al. Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with sys- temic sclerosis. Chest 2008; 134: 146-151.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.134 , pp. 146-151
    • Steen, V.1    Chou, M.2    Shanmugam, V.3
  • 64
    • 65349136490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress-Doppler-echocardiography in relatives of patients with idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results of a multicenter European analysis of pulmonary artery pressure response to exercise and hypoxia
    • Grünig E, Weissmann S, Ehlken N, et al. Stress-Doppler-echocardiography in relatives of patients with idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results of a multicenter European analysis of pulmonary artery pressure response to exercise and hypoxia. Circulation 2009; 119: 1747-1757.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 1747-1757
    • Grünig, E.1    Weissmann, S.2    Ehlken, N.3
  • 65
    • 70349492882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive detection of early pulmonary vascular dysfunction in scleroderma
    • Reichenberger F, Voswinckel R, Schulz R, et al. Noninvasive detection of early pulmonary vascular dysfunction in scleroderma. Respir Med 2009; 103: 1713-1718.
    • (2009) Respir Med , vol.103 , pp. 1713-1718
    • Reichenberger, F.1    Voswinckel, R.2    Schulz, R.3
  • 66
    • 77952422192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular systolic pressure response during exercise in ado- lescents born with atrial or ventricular septal defect
    • Moller T, Brun H, Fredriksen PM, et al. Right ventricular systolic pressure response during exercise in ado- lescents born with atrial or ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105: 1610-1616.
    • (2010) Am J Cardiol , vol.105 , pp. 1610-1616
    • Moller, T.1    Brun, H.2    Fredriksen, P.M.3
  • 67
    • 77955372468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure during exercise in collagen vascular disease: Echocardiography vs right-sided heart catheterization
    • Kovacs G, Maier R, Aberer E, et al. Assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure during exercise in collagen vascular disease: Echocardiography vs right-sided heart catheterization. Chest 2010; 138: 270-278.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 270-278
    • Kovacs, G.1    Maier, R.2    Aberer, E.3
  • 68
    • 78651247949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis
    • D'Alto M, Ghio S, D'Andrea A, et al. Inappropriate exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis. Heart 2011; 97: 112-117.
    • (2011) Heart , vol.97 , pp. 112-117
    • D'Alto, M.1    Ghio, S.2    D'Andrea, A.3
  • 69
    • 57449093979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Tolle JJ, Waxman AB, Van Horn TL, et al. Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2008; 118: 2183-2189.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 2183-2189
    • Tolle, J.J.1    Waxman, A.B.2    Van Horn, T.L.3
  • 70
    • 57449106650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: A new addition to the spectrum of pulmonary vascular diseases
    • Oudiz RJ, Rubin LJ,: Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: A new addition to the spectrum of pulmonary vascular diseases. Circulation 2008; 118: 2120-2121.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 2120-2121
    • Oudiz, R.J.1    Rubin, L.J.2
  • 71
    • 38849086751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated right ventricular dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: Latent pulmonary hypertension?
    • Huez S, Roufosse F, Vachiery JL, et al. Isolated right ventricular dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: Latent pulmonary hypertension? Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 928-936.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 928-936
    • Huez, S.1    Roufosse, F.2    Vachiery, J.L.3
  • 72
    • 84863092490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Bossone E, Naeije R,: Exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension. Heart Fail Clin 2012; 8: 485-495.
    • (2012) Heart Fail Clin , vol.8 , pp. 485-495
    • Bossone, E.1    Naeije, R.2
  • 73
    • 79955785234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inaccuracy of Doppler echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary artery pressures in patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Rich JD, Shah SJ, Swamy RS, et al. Inaccuracy of Doppler echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary artery pressures in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2011; 139: 988-993.
    • (2011) Chest , vol.139 , pp. 988-993
    • Rich, J.D.1    Shah, S.J.2    Swamy, R.S.3
  • 74
    • 0032814424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of cardiac output by the Fick method, thermodilution, and acetylene rebreathing in pulmonary hypertension
    • Hoeper MM, Maier R, Tongers J, et al. Determination of cardiac output by the Fick method, thermodilution, and acetylene rebreathing in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 535-541.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 535-541
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Maier, R.2    Tongers, J.3
  • 75
    • 67650828330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misclassification of pulmonary hypertension due to reliance on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure rather than left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
    • Halpern SD, Taichman DB,: Misclassification of pulmonary hypertension due to reliance on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure rather than left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Chest 2009; 136: 37-43.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , pp. 37-43
    • Halpern, S.D.1    Taichman, D.B.2
  • 76
    • 0021917699 scopus 로고
    • Magnitude and implications of spontaneous hemodynamic variability in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Rich S, D'Alonzo GE, Dantzker DR, et al. Magnitude and implications of spontaneous hemodynamic variability in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1985; 55: 159-163.
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 159-163
    • Rich, S.1    D'Alonzo, G.E.2    Dantzker, D.R.3
  • 77
    • 77949372022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle: What to do in 2010?
    • Jurcut R, Giusca S, La Gerche A, et al. The echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle: What to do in 2010? Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11: 81-96.
    • (2010) Eur J Echocardiogr , vol.11 , pp. 81-96
    • Jurcut, R.1    Giusca, S.2    La Gerche, A.3
  • 78
    • 0033566838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and prognostic significance of pericardial effusion in primary pulmonary hypertension. PPH Study Group. Primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Hinderliter AL, Willis PW 4th, Long W, et al. Frequency and prognostic significance of pericardial effusion in primary pulmonary hypertension. PPH Study Group. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 481-484.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84 , pp. 481-484
    • Hinderliter, A.L.1    Willis, P.W.2    Long, W.3
  • 79
    • 0037012377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Raymond RJ, Hinderliter AL, Willis PW, et al. Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1214-1219.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1214-1219
    • Raymond, R.J.1    Hinderliter, A.L.2    Willis, P.W.3
  • 80
    • 77954759389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL)
    • Benza RL, Miller DP, Gomberg-Maitland M, et al. Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL). Circulation 2010; 122: 164-172.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , pp. 164-172
    • Benza, R.L.1    Miller, D.P.2    Gomberg-Maitland, M.3
  • 81
    • 33750579180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tricuspid annular displacement predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension
    • Forfia PR, Fisher MR, Mathai SC, et al. Tricuspid annular displacement predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174: 1034-1041.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 1034-1041
    • Forfia, P.R.1    Fisher, M.R.2    Mathai, S.C.3
  • 82
    • 79551680692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and prognostic relevance of echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular geometry in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Ghio S, Pazzano AS, Klersy C, et al. Clinical and prognostic relevance of echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular geometry in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107: 628-632.
    • (2011) Am J Cardiol , vol.107 , pp. 628-632
    • Ghio, S.1    Pazzano, A.S.2    Klersy, C.3
  • 83
    • 33746365396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of pulmonary vascular capacitance determined by Doppler echocardiography in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Mahapatra S, Nishimura RA, Oh JK, et al. The prognostic value of pulmonary vascular capacitance determined by Doppler echocardiography in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2006; 19: 1045-1050.
    • (2006) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.19 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Mahapatra, S.1    Nishimura, R.A.2    Oh, J.K.3
  • 84
    • 0032076759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic time intervals in predicting outcome in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Yeo TC, Dujardin KS, Tei C, et al. Value of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic time intervals in predicting outcome in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 1157-1161.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 1157-1161
    • Yeo, T.C.1    Dujardin, K.S.2    Tei, C.3
  • 85
    • 25444531691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with pulmonary hypertension is associated with disease severity and functional class
    • Lopez-Candales A, Dohi K, Rajagopalan N, et al. Right ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with pulmonary hypertension is associated with disease severity and functional class. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2005; 3: 23.
    • (2005) Cardiovasc Ultrasound , vol.3 , pp. 23
    • Lopez-Candales, A.1    Dohi, K.2    Rajagopalan, N.3
  • 86
    • 77955465955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of the right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio to predict functional capacity and survival in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Alkon J, Humpl T, Manlhiot C, et al. Usefulness of the right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio to predict functional capacity and survival in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106: 430-436.
    • (2010) Am J Cardiol , vol.106 , pp. 430-436
    • Alkon, J.1    Humpl, T.2    Manlhiot, C.3
  • 87
    • 77954910405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic relevance of the echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Ghio S, Klersy C, Magrini G, et al. Prognostic relevance of the echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2010; 140: 272-278.
    • (2010) Int J Cardiol , vol.140 , pp. 272-278
    • Ghio, S.1    Klersy, C.2    Magrini, G.3
  • 88
    • 3042835499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain and strain rate imaging: A new clinical approach to quantifying regional myocardial function
    • Sutherland GR, Di Salvo G, Claus P, et al. Strain and strain rate imaging: A new clinical approach to quantifying regional myocardial function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17: 788-802.
    • (2004) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.17 , pp. 788-802
    • Sutherland, G.R.1    Di Salvo, G.2    Claus, P.3
  • 89
    • 15344339933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New developments in echocardiographic methods to assess right ventricular function in congenital heart disease
    • Friedberg MK, Rosenthal DN,: New developments in echocardiographic methods to assess right ventricular function in congenital heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2005; 20: 84-88.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 84-88
    • Friedberg, M.K.1    Rosenthal, D.N.2
  • 90
    • 78650011280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transverse strain predicts exercise capacity in systemic right ventricle patients
    • 19
    • Di Salvo G, Pacileo G, Rea A, et al. Transverse strain predicts exercise capacity in systemic right ventricle patients. Int J Cardiol 2010;19; 145: 193-196.
    • (2010) Int J Cardiol , vol.145 , pp. 193-196
    • Di Salvo, G.1    Pacileo, G.2    Rea, A.3
  • 91
    • 77955471988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular function by strain echocardiography
    • La Gerche A, Jurcut R, Voigt JU,: Right ventricular function by strain echocardiography. Curr Opin Cardiol 2010; 25: 430-436.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 430-436
    • La Gerche, A.1    Jurcut, R.2    Voigt, J.U.3
  • 92
    • 70649101079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue Doppler imaging of right ventricular decompensation in pulmonary hypertension
    • Simon MA, Rajagopalan N, Mathier MA, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging of right ventricular decompensation in pulmonary hypertension. Congest Heart Fail 2009; 15: 271-276.
    • (2009) Congest Heart Fail , vol.15 , pp. 271-276
    • Simon, M.A.1    Rajagopalan, N.2    Mathier, M.A.3
  • 93
    • 74949141587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular geometry, strain, and rotational mechanics in pulmonary hypertension
    • Puwanant S, Park M, Popovic ZB, et al. Ventricular geometry, strain, and rotational mechanics in pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2010; 121: 259-266.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 259-266
    • Puwanant, S.1    Park, M.2    Popovic, Z.B.3
  • 94
    • 0031857607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pressure-overloaded right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension
    • Bristow MR, Zisman LS, Lowes BD, et al. The pressure-overloaded right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1998; 114: 101-106.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , pp. 101-106
    • Bristow, M.R.1    Zisman, L.S.2    Lowes, B.D.3
  • 95
    • 48149095662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying right ventricular dysfunction with tissue Doppler imaging in pulmonary hypertension
    • Rajagopalan N, Simon MA, Mathier MA, et al. Identifying right ventricular dysfunction with tissue Doppler imaging in pulmonary hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2008; 128: 359-363.
    • (2008) Int J Cardiol , vol.128 , pp. 359-363
    • Rajagopalan, N.1    Simon, M.A.2    Mathier, M.A.3
  • 96
    • 79951721617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple method to predict impaired right ventricular performance and disease severity in chronic pulmonary hypertension using strain rate imaging
    • Utsunomiya H, Nakatani S, Okada T, et al. A simple method to predict impaired right ventricular performance and disease severity in chronic pulmonary hypertension using strain rate imaging. Int J Cardiol 2011; 147: 88-94.
    • (2011) Int J Cardiol , vol.147 , pp. 88-94
    • Utsunomiya, H.1    Nakatani, S.2    Okada, T.3
  • 97
    • 33747152832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of global and regional right ventricular systolic function in patients with pulmonary hypertension using a novel speckle tracking method
    • Pirat B, McCulloch ML, Zoghbi WA,: Evaluation of global and regional right ventricular systolic function in patients with pulmonary hypertension using a novel speckle tracking method. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98: 699-704.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.98 , pp. 699-704
    • Pirat, B.1    McCulloch, M.L.2    Zoghbi, W.A.3
  • 98
    • 84855988314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of right ventricular function using echocardiographic speckle tracking of the tricuspid annular motion: Comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance
    • Ahmad H, Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, et al. Assessment of right ventricular function using echocardiographic speckle tracking of the tricuspid annular motion: Comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance. Echocardiography 2012; 29: 19-24.
    • (2012) Echocardiography , vol.29 , pp. 19-24
    • Ahmad, H.1    Mor-Avi, V.2    Lang, R.M.3
  • 99
    • 8244225826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on echocardiographic measures of right ventricular structure and function in primary pulmonary hypertension. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group
    • Hinderliter AL, Willis PW, Barst RL, et al. Effects of long-term infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on echocardiographic measures of right ventricular structure and function in primary pulmonary hypertension. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. Circulation 1997; 95: 1479-1489.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 1479-1489
    • Hinderliter, A.L.1    Willis, P.W.2    Barst, R.L.3
  • 100
    • 0344837813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the oral endothelin-receptor antagonist Bosentan on echocardiographic and Doppler measures in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Galiè N, Hinderliter AL, Torbicki A, et al. Effects of the oral endothelin-receptor antagonist Bosentan on echocardiographic and Doppler measures in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1380-1386.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 1380-1386
    • Galiè, N.1    Hinderliter, A.L.2    Torbicki, A.3
  • 101
    • 80052961820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of right ventricular free wall speckle-tracking strain for evaluation of right ventricular performance in patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Fukuda Y, Tanaka H, Sugiyama D, et al. Utility of right ventricular free wall speckle-tracking strain for evaluation of right ventricular performance in patients with pulmonary hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24: 1101-1108.
    • (2011) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.24 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Fukuda, Y.1    Tanaka, H.2    Sugiyama, D.3
  • 102
    • 33746780016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular function assessed by two-dimensional strain and tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and effect of vasodilator therapy
    • Borges AC, Knebel F, Eddicks S, et al. Right ventricular function assessed by two-dimensional strain and tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and effect of vasodilator therapy. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98: 530-534.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.98 , pp. 530-534
    • Borges, A.C.1    Knebel, F.2    Eddicks, S.3
  • 103
    • 84875803494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic Assessment in a Patient with Vasoreactive Pulmonary Hypertension
    • Fadel BM, Al-Mahdi B, Al-Admawi M, et al. Echocardiographic Assessment in a Patient with Vasoreactive Pulmonary Hypertension. Echocardiography 30: 419-425.
    • Echocardiography , vol.30 , pp. 419-425
    • Fadel, B.M.1    Al-Mahdi, B.2    Al-Admawi, M.3
  • 104
    • 84862026657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension
    • Hammerstingl C, Schueler R, Bors L, et al. Diagnostic value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e38519.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e38519
    • Hammerstingl, C.1    Schueler, R.2    Bors, L.3
  • 105
    • 75749117059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular volume and function in adult patients with congenital heart disease: Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging
    • Grewal J, Majdalany D, Syed I, et al. Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular volume and function in adult patients with congenital heart disease: Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23: 127-133.
    • (2010) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.23 , pp. 127-133
    • Grewal, J.1    Majdalany, D.2    Syed, I.3
  • 106
    • 35248879820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomically oriented right ventricular volume measurements with dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography validated by 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
    • Niemann PS, Pinho L, Balbach T, et al. Anatomically oriented right ventricular volume measurements with dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography validated by 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 1668-1676.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.50 , pp. 1668-1676
    • Niemann, P.S.1    Pinho, L.2    Balbach, T.3
  • 107
    • 84860115743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the right heart: The use of integrated multimodality imaging
    • Valsangiacomo Buechel ER, Mertens L,: Imaging the right heart: The use of integrated multimodality imaging. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 949-960.
    • (2012) Eur Heart J , vol.33 , pp. 949-960
    • Valsangiacomo Buechel, E.R.1    Mertens, L.2
  • 108
    • 84875171208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Physiological Basis and Methodological Concerns
    • Naeije R, Vanderpool R, Dhakal BP, et al. Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Physiological Basis and Methodological Concerns. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: 576-583.
    • (2013) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.187 , pp. 576-583
    • Naeije, R.1    Vanderpool, R.2    Dhakal, B.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.