메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 269-280

Proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists in the intensive care setting: Focus on therapeutic and adverse events

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile; Critical care; Gastric acid; Histamine receptor antagonist; Intensive care; Pneumonia; Proton pump inhibitor; Stress ulcer

Indexed keywords

CIMETIDINE; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; OMEPRAZOLE; PANTOPRAZOLE; PLACEBO; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RANITIDINE; SUCRALFATE;

EID: 84921411700     PISSN: 14740338     EISSN: 1744764X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.986456     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (109)
  • 1
    • 74849114254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
    • Barkun AN, Bardou M, Kuipers EJ, et al. International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med 2010;152:101-13
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 101-113
    • Barkun, A.N.1    Bardou, M.2    Kuipers, E.J.3
  • 2
    • 84862492452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding" summary of NICE guidance
    • Dworzynski K, Pollit V, Kelsey A, et al. Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding" summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2012;344:e3412
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. e3412
    • Dworzynski, K.1    Pollit, V.2    Kelsey, A.3
  • 3
    • 50449108155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute bleeding from a peptic ulcer
    • Gralnek IM, Barkun AN, Bardou M. Management of acute bleeding from a peptic ulcer. N Engl J Med 2008;359:928-37
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 928-937
    • Gralnek, I.M.1    Barkun, A.N.2    Bardou, M.3
  • 4
    • 65549138774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced ulcer bleeding in critically ill patients
    • Ali T, Harty RF. Stress-induced ulcer bleeding in critically ill patients. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2009;38:245-65
    • (2009) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.38 , pp. 245-265
    • Ali, T.1    Harty, R.F.2
  • 5
    • 0036085703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • MacLaren R. A review of stress ulcer prophylaxis. J Pharm Pract 2002;15:147-57
    • (2002) J Pharm Pract , vol.15 , pp. 147-157
    • MacLaren, R.1
  • 6
    • 0028097917 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
    • Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt GH, et al. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1994;330:377-81
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 377-381
    • Cook, D.J.1    Fuller, H.D.2    Guyatt, G.H.3
  • 7
    • 77957226149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of mechanical ventilation use in the United States
    • Wunsch H, Linde-Zwirble WT, Angus DC, et al. The epidemiology of mechanical ventilation use in the United States. Crit Care Med 2010;38:1947-53
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 1947-1953
    • Wunsch, H.1    Linde-Zwirble, W.T.2    Angus, D.C.3
  • 8
    • 0033387308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for clinically important upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
    • Cook D, Heyland D, Griffith L, et al. Risk factors for clinically important upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Crit Care Med 1999;27:2812-17
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 2812-2817
    • Cook, D.1    Heyland, D.2    Griffith, L.3
  • 9
    • 84898413831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histamine-2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors on gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage and infectious complications in the intensive care unit
    • MacLaren R, Reynolds P, Allen R. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors on gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage and infectious complications in the intensive care unit. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:564-74
    • (2014) JAMA Intern Med , vol.174 , pp. 564-574
    • MacLaren, R.1    Reynolds, P.2    Allen, R.3
  • 10
    • 0033791694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients in an era of prophylaxis
    • Pimentel M, Roberts DE, Bernstein CN, et al. Clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients in an era of prophylaxis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:2801-6
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 2801-2806
    • Pimentel, M.1    Roberts, D.E.2    Bernstein, C.N.3
  • 11
    • 0035543034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The attributable mortality and length of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients
    • Cook DJ, Griffith LE, Walter SD, et al. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. The attributable mortality and length of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2001;5:368-75
    • (2001) Crit Care , vol.5 , pp. 368-375
    • Cook, D.J.1    Griffith, L.E.2    Walter, S.D.3
  • 12
    • 0030059570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis for stressrelated gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A cost effectiveness analysis
    • Ben-Menachem T, McCarthy BD, Fogel R, et al. Prophylaxis for stressrelated gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a cost effectiveness analysis. Crit Care Med 1996;24:338-45
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 338-345
    • Ben-Menachem, T.1    McCarthy, B.D.2    Fogel, R.3
  • 14
    • 84912042383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of prescriber perceptions about the prevention of stress-related mucosal bleeding in the intensive care unit
    • Preslaski C, Mueller S, Kiser T, et al. A survey of prescriber perceptions about the prevention of stress-related mucosal bleeding in the intensive care unit. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014;39:658-62
    • (2014) J Clin Pharm Ther , vol.39 , pp. 658-662
    • Preslaski, C.1    Mueller, S.2    Kiser, T.3
  • 15
    • 84908145665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoepidemiology of stress ulcer prophylaxis in the United States and Canada
    • Barletta J, Kanji S, MacLaren R, et al. Pharmacoepidemiology of stress ulcer prophylaxis in the United States and Canada. J Crit Care 2014;29:955-60
    • (2014) J Crit Care , vol.29 , pp. 955-960
    • Barletta, J.1    Kanji, S.2    MacLaren, R.3
  • 16
    • 79551528341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off-label medication use in adult critical care patients
    • Lat I, Micek S, Janzen J, et al. Off-label medication use in adult critical care patients. J Crit Care 2011;26:89-94
    • (2011) J Crit Care , vol.26 , pp. 89-94
    • Lat, I.1    Micek, S.2    Janzen, J.3
  • 17
    • 0030029997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill. Resolving discordant meta-analyses
    • Cook DJ, Reeve BK, Guyatt GH, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill. Resolving discordant meta-analyses. JAMA 1996;275:308-14
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 308-314
    • Cook, D.J.1    Reeve, B.K.2    Guyatt, G.H.3
  • 18
    • 6844236394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
    • Cook D, Guyatt G, Marshall J, et al. A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1998;338:791-7
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 791-797
    • Cook, D.1    Guyatt, G.2    Marshall, J.3
  • 19
    • 84874940674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine 2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Alhazzani W, Alenezi F, Jaeschke RZ, et al. Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine 2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2013;41:693-705
    • (2013) Crit Care Med , vol.41 , pp. 693-705
    • Alhazzani, W.1    Alenezi, F.2    Jaeschke, R.Z.3
  • 20
    • 77950294683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors vs histamine-2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis among critical care patients: A meta-analysis
    • Lin PC, Chang CH, Hsu PL, et al. The efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors vs histamine-2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis among critical care patients: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2010;38:1197-205
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 1197-1205
    • Lin, P.C.1    Chang, C.H.2    Hsu, P.L.3
  • 21
    • 84859577697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitors vs. Histamine 2 receptor antagonists for stress-related mucosal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis
    • Barkun AN, Bardou M, Pham CQ, et al. Proton pump inhibitors vs. histamine 2 receptor antagonists for stress-related mucosal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:507-20
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 507-520
    • Barkun, A.N.1    Bardou, M.2    Pham, C.Q.3
  • 22
    • 20144389842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind comparison of immediate-release omeprazole oral suspension versus intravenous cimetidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients
    • Conrad SA, Gabrielli A, Margolis B, et al. Randomized, double-blind comparison of immediate-release omeprazole oral suspension versus intravenous cimetidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2005;33:760-5
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 760-765
    • Conrad, S.A.1    Gabrielli, A.2    Margolis, B.3
  • 23
    • 0030859167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Levy MJ, Seelig CB, Robinson NJ, et al. Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Dig Dis Sci 1997;42:1255-9
    • (1997) Dig Dis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 1255-1259
    • Levy, M.J.1    Seelig, C.B.2    Robinson, N.J.3
  • 24
    • 77957934512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, randomized comparison of lansoprazole suspension, and intermittent intravenous famotidine on gastric pH and acid production in critically ill neurosurgical patients
    • Brophy G, Brackbill ML, Bidwell KL, et al. Prospective, randomized comparison of lansoprazole suspension, and intermittent intravenous famotidine on gastric pH and acid production in critically ill neurosurgical patients. Neurocrit Care 2010;13:176-81
    • (2010) Neurocrit Care , vol.13 , pp. 176-181
    • Brophy, G.1    Brackbill, M.L.2    Bidwell, K.L.3
  • 25
    • 84897047500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lansoprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • abstract
    • Chahine C, Cohen H, Mukherji R. A comparison of lansoprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2003;31(Suppl):A85
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. A85
    • Chahine, C.1    Cohen, H.2    Mukherji, R.3
  • 26
    • 84897064109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis with ranitidine and omeprazole
    • abstract
    • Hejazi RA, Salchi M. Stress ulcer prophylaxis with ranitidine and omeprazole [abstract]. Intensive Care Med 2004;30(Suppl):S181
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. S181
    • Hejazi, R.A.1    Salchi, M.2
  • 27
    • 84874930838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lansoprazole disintegrating tablet, lansoprazole suspension, or ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients
    • abstract
    • Kotlyanskaya A, Luka B, Mukherji R, et al. A comparison of lansoprazole disintegrating tablet, lansoprazole suspension, or ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2007;35(Suppl):A194
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. A194
    • Kotlyanskaya, A.1    Luka, B.2    Mukherji, R.3
  • 28
    • 84897061381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravenous esomeprazole versus ranitidine on gastric pH in critically ill patients - A prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study [abstract]
    • Madl C, Kitzberger R, Warszawska J. Effect of intravenous esomeprazole versus ranitidine on gastric pH in critically ill patients-a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2007;35(Suppl):A11
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. A11
    • Madl, C.1    Kitzberger, R.2    Warszawska, J.3
  • 29
    • 42949167824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Famotidine versus pantoprazole for preventing bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation
    • Ojiako K, Shingala H, Schoorr C, et al. Famotidine versus pantoprazole for preventing bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care 2008;17:142-7
    • (2008) Am J Crit Care , vol.17 , pp. 142-147
    • Ojiako, K.1    Shingala, H.2    Schoorr, C.3
  • 30
    • 0001217491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial of continuous I.V. Ranitidine vs. Omeprazole suspension in the prophylaxis of stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • abstract
    • Phillips JO, Metzler MH, Huckfeldt RE. A multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial of continuous I.V. ranitidine vs. omeprazole suspension in the prophylaxis of stress ulcer prophylaxis [abstract]. Crit Care Med 1998;26:A101
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. A101
    • Phillips, J.O.1    Metzler, M.H.2    Huckfeldt, R.E.3
  • 31
    • 0000493025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lansoprazole suspension versus continuous ranitidine on gastric pH of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients
    • abstract
    • Roberts KW, Pitcher D, Cryer B. Effect of lansoprazole suspension versus continuous ranitidine on gastric pH of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2000;28:A185
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. A185
    • Roberts, K.W.1    Pitcher, D.2    Cryer, B.3
  • 32
    • 84897095431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intravenous proton-pump inhibitor vs. Intravenous H2-blockers in prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in critically ill patients
    • abstract
    • Shibli MH, Malekanian F, Gibbons J. Comparison of intravenous proton-pump inhibitor vs. intravenous H2-blockers in prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in critically ill patients [abstract]. Chest 2006;130(Suppl):206S
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 206S
    • Shibli, M.H.1    Malekanian, F.2    Gibbons, J.3
  • 33
    • 4043089468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous pantoprazole and continuous infusion cimetidine prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding regardless of II APACHE score in high risk intensive care unit patients
    • abstract
    • Fink M, Maroko R, Field B. Intravenous pantoprazole and continuous infusion cimetidine prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding regardless of II APACHE score in high risk intensive care unit patients [abstract]. Gastroenterology 2003;124:A625
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. A625
    • Fink, M.1    Maroko, R.2    Field, B.3
  • 34
    • 1042306232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in high risk patients: Comparison of three drugs
    • abstract
    • Azevedo JR, Soares MG, Silva G. Prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in high risk patients: comparison of three drugs [abstract]. Crit Care Med 1999;27:A145
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. A145
    • Azevedo, J.R.1    Soares, M.G.2    Silva, G.3
  • 35
    • 43449108303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent intravenous pantoprazole and continuous cimetidine infusion: Effect on gastric pH control in critically ill patients at risk of developing stress-related mucosal disease
    • Somberg L, Morris J Jr, Fantus R, et al. Intermittent intravenous pantoprazole and continuous cimetidine infusion: effect on gastric pH control in critically ill patients at risk of developing stress-related mucosal disease. J Trauma 2008;64:1202-10
    • (2008) J Trauma , vol.64 , pp. 1202-1210
    • Somberg, L.1    Morris, J.2    Fantus, R.3
  • 36
    • 2342485034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial
    • Kantorova I, Svoboda P, Scheer P, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatogastroenterology 2004;51:757-61
    • (2004) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.51 , pp. 757-761
    • Kantorova, I.1    Svoboda, P.2    Scheer, P.3
  • 37
    • 77953458235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between the preventive effects of ranitidine and omeprazole on upper gastrointestinal bleeding among ICU patients
    • Solouki M, Marashian S, Kouchak M. Comparison between the preventive effects of ranitidine and omeprazole on upper gastrointestinal bleeding among ICU patients. Tanaffos 2009;8(4):37-42
    • (2009) Tanaffos , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 37-42
    • Solouki, M.1    Marashian, S.2    Kouchak, M.3
  • 38
    • 0027197666 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the intensive care unit after coronary artery bypass graft. A pilot control study of intravenous omeprazole by bolus and infusion, ranitidine and placebo
    • Powell H, Morgan M, Li S. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the intensive care unit after coronary artery bypass graft. A pilot control study of intravenous omeprazole by bolus and infusion, ranitidine and placebo. Theor Surg 1993;8(3):125-30
    • (1993) Theor Surg , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 125-130
    • Powell, H.1    Morgan, M.2    Li, S.3
  • 39
    • 84872172491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled study comparing omeprazole and cimetidine for the prophylaxis of stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Liu BL, Li B, Zhang X, et al. A randomized controlled study comparing omeprazole and cimetidine for the prophylaxis of stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2013;118:115-20
    • (2013) J Neurosurg , vol.118 , pp. 115-120
    • Liu, B.L.1    Li, B.2    Zhang, X.3
  • 40
    • 85040672279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IV famotidine vs. IV pantoprazole for stress ulcer prevention in the ICU: A prospective study
    • abstract
    • Wee B, Liu CH, Cohen H, et al. IV famotidine vs. IV pantoprazole for stress ulcer prevention in the ICU: a prospective study [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2013;41(Suppl):731
    • (2013) Crit Care Med , vol.41 , pp. 731
    • Wee, B.1    Liu, C.H.2    Cohen, H.3
  • 41
    • 84879846201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit: Is it indicated? A topical systematic review
    • Krag M, Perner A, Wetterslev J, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit: is it indicated? A topical systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2013;57:835-47
    • (2013) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.57 , pp. 835-847
    • Krag, M.1    Perner, A.2    Wetterslev, J.3
  • 42
    • 0028356936 scopus 로고
    • The virtual absence of stress-ulceration related bleeding in ICU patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation without any prophylaxis. A prospective cohort study
    • Zandstra DF, Stoutenbeek CP. The virtual absence of stress-ulceration related bleeding in ICU patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation without any prophylaxis. A prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med 1994;20:335-40
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 335-340
    • Zandstra, D.F.1    Stoutenbeek, C.P.2
  • 43
    • 84890920368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis versus placebo or no prophylaxis in critically ill patients. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
    • Krag M, Perner A, Wetterslev J, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis versus placebo or no prophylaxis in critically ill patients. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Intensive Care Med 2014;40:11-22
    • (2014) Intensive Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 11-22
    • Krag, M.1    Perner, A.2    Wetterslev, J.3
  • 44
    • 78049448951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the new millennium: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Marik PE, Vasu T, Hirani A, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the new millennium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2010;38:2222-8
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 2222-2228
    • Marik, P.E.1    Vasu, T.2    Hirani, A.3
  • 45
    • 84897837799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis: It's the same old wine in a brand new bottle
    • Erstad BL. Stress ulcer prophylaxis: it's the same old wine in a brand new bottle. Crit Care Med 2014;42:111-14
    • (2014) Crit Care Med , vol.42 , pp. 111-114
    • Erstad, B.L.1
  • 46
    • 84906345933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to declare a moratorium on stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill
    • Alaniz C, Hyzy RC. Time to declare a moratorium on stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill. Crit Care Med 2014;42:e636-7
    • (2014) Crit Care Med , vol.42 , pp. e636-e637
    • Alaniz, C.1    Hyzy, R.C.2
  • 48
    • 84873339299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012
    • Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med 2013;41:580-637
    • (2013) Crit Care Med , vol.41 , pp. 580-637
    • Dellinger, R.P.1    Levy, M.M.2    Carlet, J.M.3
  • 49
    • 84895446040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guideline for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit
    • Madsen KR, Lorentzen K, Clausen N, et al. Guideline for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit. Dan Med J 2014;61:C4811
    • (2014) Dan Med J , vol.61 , pp. C4811
    • Madsen, K.R.1    Lorentzen, K.2    Clausen, N.3
  • 50
    • 6944247563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of communityacquired pneumonia and use of gastricacid suppressive drugs
    • Laheij RJ, Sturkenboom MC, Hassing RJ, et al. Risk of communityacquired pneumonia and use of gastricacid suppressive drugs. JAMA 2004;292:1955-60
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 1955-1960
    • Laheij, R.J.1    Sturkenboom, M.C.2    Hassing, R.J.3
  • 51
    • 34248522811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia
    • Gulmez SE, Holm A, Frederiksen H, et al. Use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:950-5
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 950-955
    • Gulmez, S.E.1    Holm, A.2    Frederiksen, H.3
  • 52
    • 51949090295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia
    • Sarkar M, Hennessy S, Yang YX. Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:391-8
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 391-398
    • Sarkar, M.1    Hennessy, S.2    Yang, Y.X.3
  • 53
    • 84861432082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are proton pump inhibitors associated with the development of community-acquired pneumonia? A meta-analysis
    • Giuliano C, Wilhelm SM, Kale-Pradhan PB. Are proton pump inhibitors associated with the development of community-acquired pneumonia? A meta-analysis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012;5:337-44
    • (2012) Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 337-344
    • Giuliano, C.1    Wilhelm, S.M.2    Kale-Pradhan, P.B.3
  • 54
    • 84867580185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitor therapy predisposes to community-acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia
    • De Jager CPC, Wever PC, Gemen EF, et al. Proton pump inhibitor therapy predisposes to community-acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;36:941-9
    • (2012) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.36 , pp. 941-949
    • De Jager, C.P.C.1    Wever, P.C.2    Gemen, E.F.3
  • 55
    • 79951983392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Eom CS, Jeon CY, Lim JW, et al. Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 2011;183:310-19
    • (2011) CMAJ , vol.183 , pp. 310-319
    • Eom, C.S.1    Jeon, C.Y.2    Lim, J.W.3
  • 56
    • 34548142191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of the risk of enteric infection in patients taking acid suppression
    • Leonard J, Marshall JK, Moayyedi P. Systematic review of the risk of enteric infection in patients taking acid suppression. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:2047-56
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 2047-2056
    • Leonard, J.1    Marshall, J.K.2    Moayyedi, P.3
  • 57
    • 84863717616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Clostridium difficile infection with acid suppressing drugs and antibiotics: Meta-analysis
    • Kwok CS, Arthur AK, Anibueze CI, et al. Risk of Clostridium difficile infection with acid suppressing drugs and antibiotics: meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1011-19
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 1011-1019
    • Kwok, C.S.1    Arthur, A.K.2    Anibueze, C.I.3
  • 58
    • 77952155563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection
    • Howell MD, Novack V, Grgurich P, et al. Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:784-90
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , pp. 784-790
    • Howell, M.D.1    Novack, V.2    Grgurich, P.3
  • 59
    • 36448981751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of proton-pump inhibitors with outcomes in Clostridium difficile colitis
    • Cadle RM, Mansouri MD, Logan N, et al. Association of proton-pump inhibitors with outcomes in Clostridium difficile colitis. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007;64:2359-63
    • (2007) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.64 , pp. 2359-2363
    • Cadle, R.M.1    Mansouri, M.D.2    Logan, N.3
  • 60
    • 0141992657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile diarrhea
    • Cunningham R, Dale B, Undy B, et al. Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile diarrhea. J Hosp Infect 2003;54:243-5
    • (2003) J Hosp Infect , vol.54 , pp. 243-245
    • Cunningham, R.1    Dale, B.2    Undy, B.3
  • 61
    • 29144473282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease
    • Dial S, Delaney JAC, Barkun AN, et al. Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease. JAMA 2005;294:2989-95
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2989-2995
    • Dial, S.1    Delaney, J.A.C.2    Barkun, A.N.3
  • 62
    • 81355160270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: The use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection
    • Bavishi C, DuPont HL. Systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:1269-81
    • (2011) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.34 , pp. 1269-1281
    • Bavishi, C.1    DuPont, H.L.2
  • 63
    • 84857189040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and Clostridium difficile infection in a meta-analysis
    • Deshpande A, Pant C, Pasupuleti V, et al. Association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and Clostridium difficile infection in a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:225-33
    • (2012) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , pp. 225-233
    • Deshpande, A.1    Pant, C.2    Pasupuleti, V.3
  • 64
    • 26444480583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review
    • Safdar N, Dezfulian C, Collard HR, et al. Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2184-93
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2184-2193
    • Safdar, N.1    Dezfulian, C.2    Collard, H.R.3
  • 65
    • 78751675044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs
    • Umscheid CA, Mitchell MD, Doshi JA, et al. Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011;32:101-14
    • (2011) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.32 , pp. 101-114
    • Umscheid, C.A.1    Mitchell, M.D.2    Doshi, J.A.3
  • 66
    • 77955917612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nosocomial infections on clinical outcome and resource consumption in critically ill patients
    • Burgmann H, Hiesmayr JM, Savey A, et al. Impact of nosocomial infections on clinical outcome and resource consumption in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:1597-601
    • (2010) Intensive Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1597-1601
    • Burgmann, H.1    Hiesmayr, J.M.2    Savey, A.3
  • 67
    • 84857023040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large matched cohort
    • Kollef MH, Hamilton CW, Ernst FR. Economic impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large matched cohort. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33:250-6
    • (2012) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.33 , pp. 250-256
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Hamilton, C.W.2    Ernst, F.R.3
  • 68
    • 77951026738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA)
    • Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. for the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010;31:431-55
    • (2010) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.31 , pp. 431-455
    • Cohen, S.H.1    Gerding, D.N.2    Johnson, S.3    Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America4    Infectious Diseases Society of America5
  • 70
    • 35349004070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Clostridium difficileassociated disease among patients receiving proton-pump inhibitors in a Quebec medical intensive care unit
    • Beaulieu M, Williamson D, Pichette G, et al. Risk of Clostridium difficileassociated disease among patients receiving proton-pump inhibitors in a Quebec medical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:1305-7
    • (2007) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 1305-1307
    • Beaulieu, M.1    Williamson, D.2    Pichette, G.3
  • 71
    • 84860348952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: A systematic review of healthcare-facility-acquired infection
    • Wiegand PN, Nathwani D, Wilcox MH, et al. Clinical and economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a systematic review of healthcare-facility-acquired infection. J Hosp Infect 2012;81:1-14
    • (2012) J Hosp Infect , vol.81 , pp. 1-14
    • Wiegand, P.N.1    Nathwani, D.2    Wilcox, M.H.3
  • 72
    • 77952564778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic healthcare costs of Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review
    • Ghantoji SS, Sail K, Lairson DR, et al. Economic healthcare costs of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2010;74:309-18
    • (2010) J Hosp Infect , vol.74 , pp. 309-318
    • Ghantoji, S.S.1    Sail, K.2    Lairson, D.R.3
  • 73
    • 79957623658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic impact of Clostridium difficile infection in a multihospital cohort of academic health centers
    • Pakyz A, Carroll NV, Harpe SE, et al. Economic impact of Clostridium difficile infection in a multihospital cohort of academic health centers. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31:546-51
    • (2011) Pharmacotherapy , vol.31 , pp. 546-551
    • Pakyz, A.1    Carroll, N.V.2    Harpe, S.E.3
  • 76
    • 84867226630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nonpayment for preventable infections in U.S. Hospitals
    • Lee GM, Kleinman K, Soumerai SB, et al. Effect of nonpayment for preventable infections in U.S. hospitals. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1428-37
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 1428-1437
    • Lee, G.M.1    Kleinman, K.2    Soumerai, S.B.3
  • 77
    • 0025808141 scopus 로고
    • Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: A meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate
    • Tryba M. Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: a meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate. Crit Care Med 1991;19:942-9
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 942-949
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 78
    • 0025817751 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: A meta-analysis
    • Cook DJ, Laine LA, Guyatt GH, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: a meta-analysis. Chest 1991;100:7-13
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 7-13
    • Cook, D.J.1    Laine, L.A.2    Guyatt, G.H.3
  • 79
    • 0034605783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding and pneumonia in intensive care patients given ranitidine and sucralfate for prevention of stress ulcer: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Messori A, Trippoli S, Vaiani M, et al. Bleeding and pneumonia in intensive care patients given ranitidine and sucralfate for prevention of stress ulcer: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2000;321:1-7
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 1-7
    • Messori, A.1    Trippoli, S.2    Vaiani, M.3
  • 80
    • 77958536826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of histamine-2-receptor antagonists versus sucralfate on stress ulcer prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated patients: A metaanalysis of 10 randomized controlled trials
    • Huang J, Cao Y, Liao C, et al. Effect of histamine-2-receptor antagonists versus sucralfate on stress ulcer prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated patients: a metaanalysis of 10 randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 2010;14:R194
    • (2010) Crit Care , vol.14 , pp. R194
    • Huang, J.1    Cao, Y.2    Liao, C.3
  • 81
    • 0028825255 scopus 로고
    • Gastric alkalinization, pneumonia, and systemic infections: The controversy
    • Tryba M, Cook DJ. Gastric alkalinization, pneumonia, and systemic infections: the controversy. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1995;210:53-9
    • (1995) Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl , vol.210 , pp. 53-59
    • Tryba, M.1    Cook, D.J.2
  • 82
    • 0028932465 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effect of intermittent administration and continuous infusion of famotidine on gastric pH in critically ill patients: Results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study
    • Baghaie AA, Mojtahedzadeh M, Levine RL, et al. Comparison of the effect of intermittent administration and continuous infusion of famotidine on gastric pH in critically ill patients: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study. Crit Care Med 1995;23:687-91
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 687-691
    • Baghaie, A.A.1    Mojtahedzadeh, M.2    Levine, R.L.3
  • 83
    • 0036895773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Jung R, MacLaren R. Proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:1929-37
    • (2002) Ann Pharmacother , vol.36 , pp. 1929-1937
    • Jung, R.1    MacLaren, R.2
  • 84
    • 8944247271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial overgrowth during treatment with omeprazole compared with cimetidine: A prospective randomised double blind study
    • Thorens J, Froehlich F, Schwizer W, et al. Bacterial overgrowth during treatment with omeprazole compared with cimetidine: a prospective randomised double blind study. Gut 1996;39:54-9
    • (1996) Gut , vol.39 , pp. 54-59
    • Thorens, J.1    Froehlich, F.2    Schwizer, W.3
  • 85
    • 84879218774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of pneumonia: A comparison of cohort and self-controlled case series designs
    • Ramsay EN, Pratt NL, Ryan P, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of pneumonia: a comparison of cohort and self-controlled case series designs. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013;13:82
    • (2013) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.13 , pp. 82
    • Ramsay, E.N.1    Pratt, N.L.2    Ryan, P.3
  • 86
    • 66149152644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia
    • Herzig SJ, Howell MD, Ngo LH, et al. Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. JAMA 2009;301:2120-8
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , pp. 2120-2128
    • Herzig, S.J.1    Howell, M.D.2    Ngo, L.H.3
  • 87
    • 84885214965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type of stress ulcer prophylaxis and risk of nosocomial pneumonia in cardiac surgical patients: Cohort study
    • Bateman BT, Bykov K, Choudhry NK, et al. Type of stress ulcer prophylaxis and risk of nosocomial pneumonia in cardiac surgical patients: cohort study. BMJ 2013;347:f5416
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.347 , pp. f5416
    • Bateman, B.T.1    Bykov, K.2    Choudhry, N.K.3
  • 88
    • 77956086338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients receiving acid suppressants: A retrospective cohort analysis
    • Redelmeier DA, McAlister FA, Kandel CE, et al. Postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients receiving acid suppressants: a retrospective cohort analysis. BMJ 2010;340:c2608
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340 , pp. c2608
    • Redelmeier, D.A.1    McAlister, F.A.2    Kandel, C.E.3
  • 89
    • 79960693338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitor prophylaxis increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke
    • Ran L, Khatibi NH, Qin X, et al. Proton pump inhibitor prophylaxis increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2011;111:435-9
    • (2011) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.111 , pp. 435-439
    • Ran, L.1    Khatibi, N.H.2    Qin, X.3
  • 90
    • 56949097474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do proton-pump inhibitors increase the risk for nosocomial pneumonia in a medical intensive care unit?
    • Beaulieu M, Williamson D, Sirois C, et al. Do proton-pump inhibitors increase the risk for nosocomial pneumonia in a medical intensive care unit? J Crit Care 2008;23:513-18
    • (2008) J Crit Care , vol.23 , pp. 513-518
    • Beaulieu, M.1    Williamson, D.2    Sirois, C.3
  • 91
    • 79956345669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill stroke patients: Frequency, risk factors, and outcomes
    • Kasuya Y, Hargett JL, Lenhardt R, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill stroke patients: frequency, risk factors, and outcomes. J Crit Care 2011;26:273-9
    • (2011) J Crit Care , vol.26 , pp. 273-279
    • Kasuya, Y.1    Hargett, J.L.2    Lenhardt, R.3
  • 92
    • 68849110222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia risk and stress ulcer prophylaxis: A comparison of pantoprazole vs. Ranitidine in cardiothoracic surgery patients
    • Miano TA, Reichert MG, Houle TT, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia risk and stress ulcer prophylaxis: a comparison of pantoprazole vs. ranitidine in cardiothoracic surgery patients. Chest 2009;136:440-7
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , pp. 440-447
    • Miano, T.A.1    Reichert, M.G.2    Houle, T.T.3
  • 93
    • 84896454372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication risk factors associated with healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection: A multilevel model case-control study among 64 US academic medical centres
    • Pakyz AL, Jawahar R, Wang Q, et al. Medication risk factors associated with healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection: a multilevel model case-control study among 64 US academic medical centres. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014;69:1127-31
    • (2014) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.69 , pp. 1127-1131
    • Pakyz, A.L.1    Jawahar, R.2    Wang, Q.3
  • 94
    • 84902463333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for recurrence, complications and mortality in Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review
    • Abou Chakra CN, Pepin J, Sirard S, et al. Risk factors for recurrence, complications and mortality in Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. PLoS One 2014;9:e98400
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e98400
    • Abou Chakra, C.N.1    Pepin, J.2    Sirard, S.3
  • 95
    • 84905822445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical predictors of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in out-patients
    • Shivashankar R, Khanna S, Kammer PP, et al. Clinical predictors of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in out-patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:518-22
    • (2014) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.40 , pp. 518-522
    • Shivashankar, R.1    Khanna, S.2    Kammer, P.P.3
  • 96
    • 84874595139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Tleyjeh IM, Abdulhak AB, Riaz M, et al. The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013;8:e56498
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e56498
    • Tleyjeh, I.M.1    Abdulhak, A.B.2    Riaz, M.3
  • 97
    • 84863726088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and proton pump inhibitor therapy: A meta-analysis
    • Janarthanan S, Ditah I, Adler DG, et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and proton pump inhibitor therapy: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1001-10
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 1001-1010
    • Janarthanan, S.1    Ditah, I.2    Adler, D.G.3
  • 98
    • 35349004070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Clostridium difficile - Associated disease among patients receiving proton-pump inhibitors in a Quebec medical intensive care unit
    • Beaulieu M, Williamson D, Pichette G, et al. Risk of Clostridium difficile - associated disease among patients receiving proton-pump inhibitors in a Quebec medical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:1305-7
    • (2007) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 1305-1307
    • Beaulieu, M.1    Williamson, D.2    Pichette, G.3
  • 99
    • 81155162401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential risk of Clostridium difficile infection with proton pump inhibitor use by level of antibiotic exposure
    • Stevens V, Dumyati G, Brown J, et al. Differential risk of Clostridium difficile infection with proton pump inhibitor use by level of antibiotic exposure. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011;20:1035-42
    • (2011) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.20 , pp. 1035-1042
    • Stevens, V.1    Dumyati, G.2    Brown, J.3
  • 100
    • 84902272517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of proton pump inhibitors in critically ill medical patients is associated with increased risk of developing Clostridium difficileassociated diarrhea
    • Buendgens L, Bruensing J, Matthes M, et al. Administration of proton pump inhibitors in critically ill medical patients is associated with increased risk of developing Clostridium difficileassociated diarrhea. J Crit Care 2014;29:e11-15
    • (2014) J Crit Care , vol.29 , pp. e11-e15
    • Buendgens, L.1    Bruensing, J.2    Matthes, M.3
  • 101
    • 80455173556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host and pathogen factors for Clostridium difficile infection and colonization
    • Loo VG, Bourgault AM, Poirier L, et al. Host and pathogen factors for Clostridium difficile infection and colonization. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1693-703
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 1693-1703
    • Loo, V.G.1    Bourgault, A.M.2    Poirier, L.3
  • 102
    • 84884498000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between virulence gene expression and proton pump inhibitors and ambient pH in Clostridium difficile: Results of an in vitro study
    • Stewart DB, Hegarty JP. Correlation between virulence gene expression and proton pump inhibitors and ambient pH in Clostridium difficile: results of an in vitro study. J Med Microbiol 2013;62:1517-23
    • (2013) J Med Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 1517-1523
    • Stewart, D.B.1    Hegarty, J.P.2
  • 103
    • 84909619356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton pump inhibitors induce changes in colonocyte gene expression that may affect Clostridium difficile infection
    • Hegarty JP, Sangster W, Harris LR III, et al. Proton pump inhibitors induce changes in colonocyte gene expression that may affect Clostridium difficile infection. Surgery 2014;156:972-8
    • (2014) Surgery , vol.156 , pp. 972-978
    • Hegarty, J.P.1    Sangster, W.2    Harris, L.R.3
  • 104
    • 84896592577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of histamine receptor-2 antagonist versus proton pump inhibitor for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients
    • MacLaren R, Campbell J. Cost-effectiveness of histamine receptor-2 antagonist versus proton pump inhibitor for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2014;42:809-15
    • (2014) Crit Care Med , vol.42 , pp. 809-815
    • MacLaren, R.1    Campbell, J.2
  • 105
    • 84872692223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness analysis: Stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists
    • Barkun AN, Adam V, Martel M, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis: stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists. Value Health 2013;16:14-22
    • (2013) Value Health , vol.16 , pp. 14-22
    • Barkun, A.N.1    Adam, V.2    Martel, M.3
  • 106
    • 48249126219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of inappropriate continuation of acid suppressive therapy after discharge in patients who began therapy in the surgical intensive care unit
    • Murphy CE, Stevens AM, Ferrentino N, et al. Frequency of inappropriate continuation of acid suppressive therapy after discharge in patients who began therapy in the surgical intensive care unit. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:968-76
    • (2008) Pharmacotherapy , vol.28 , pp. 968-976
    • Murphy, C.E.1    Stevens, A.M.2    Ferrentino, N.3
  • 107
    • 34748853031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate continuation of stress ulcer prophylactic therapy after discharge
    • Wohlt PD, Hansen LA, Fish JT. Inappropriate continuation of stress ulcer prophylactic therapy after discharge. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:1611-16
    • (2007) Ann Pharmacother , vol.41 , pp. 1611-1616
    • Wohlt, P.D.1    Hansen, L.A.2    Fish, J.T.3
  • 108
    • 0035659803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of enteral nutrition for stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • MacLaren R, Jarvis CL, Fish DN. Use of enteral nutrition for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:1614-23
    • (2001) Ann Pharmacother , vol.35 , pp. 1614-1623
    • MacLaren, R.1    Jarvis, C.L.2    Fish, D.N.3
  • 109
    • 84867654685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in intensive care unit patients and the role of enteral nutrition
    • Hurt RT, Frazier TH, McClave SA, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in intensive care unit patients and the role of enteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012;36:721-31
    • (2012) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.36 , pp. 721-731
    • Hurt, R.T.1    Frazier, T.H.2    McClave, S.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.