Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill stroke patients: Frequency, risk factors, and outcomes

Journal of Critical Care

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 273-279

  Kasuya, Yusuke ^a,b   Hargett, James L ^a   Lenhardt, Rainer ^c   Heine, Michael F ^c   Doufas, Anthony G ^d   Remmel, Kerri S ^c   Ramirez, Julio A ^c   Akça, Ozan ^c  

^a University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

^b TOKYO WOMEN'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

^d STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Incidence; Infection; Mechanical ventilation; Oxygenation, Pao2 Fio2; Pneumonia, ventilator associated; Staphylococcus aureus; Stress ulcer prophylaxis, proton pump inhibitors; Stroke, NIH Stroke Scale

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; INSULIN; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

AGED; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; LUNG ARTERY PRESSURE; LUNG DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; METHICILLIN SENSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; RISK FACTOR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STRESS ULCER; STROKE; STROKE PATIENT; TREATMENT DURATION; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

AGED; CRITICAL ILLNESS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; RISK FACTORS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79956345669     PISSN: 08839441     EISSN: 15578615     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Chastre J., Fagon J.Y. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 165:867-903.
2. Rello J., Sonora R., Jubert P., et al. Pneumonia in intubated patients: role of respiratory airway care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996, 154:111-115.
3. Vincent J.L., Bihari D.J., Suter P.M., et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 1995, 274:639-644.
4. Katzan I.L., Cebul R.D., Husak S.H., et al. The effect of pneumonia on mortality among patients hospitalized for acute stroke. Neurology 2003, 60:620-625.
5. Chastre J., Trouillet J.L., Vuagnat A., et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 157:1165-1172.
6. Luyt C.E., Combes A., Aegerter P., et al. Mortality among patients admitted to intensive care units during weekday day shifts compared with "off" hours. Crit Care Med 2007, 35:3-11.
7. Fagon J.Y., Chastre J., Domart Y., et al. Mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia or colonization with Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species: assessment by quantitative culture of samples obtained by a protected specimen brush. Clin Infect Dis 1996, 23:538-542.
8. Rello J., Sole-Violan J., Sa-Borges M., et al. Pneumonia caused by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with glycopeptides. Crit Care Med 2005, 33:1983-1987.
9. Orhan-Sungur M., Akca O. Ventilator-associated pneumonia by multidrug-resistant bacteria: pathogen-specific risks versus care-related risks. J Crit Care 2007, 22:26-27.
10. Medina J., et al. Prospective study of risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter species. J Crit Care 2006.
11. Kollef M.H., Shapiro S.D., Silver P., et al. A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 1997, 25:567-574.
12. Safdar N., Dezfulian C., Collard H.R., et al. Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2005, 33:2184-2193.
13. Katzan I.L., Dawson N.V., Thomas C.L., et al. The cost of pneumonia after acute stroke. Neurology 2007, 68:1938-1943.
14. Cook D.J., Walter S.D., Cook R.J., et al. Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Ann Intern Med 1998, 129:433-440.
15. Akca O., Koltka K., Uzel S., et al. Risk factors for early-onset, ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care patients: selected multiresistant versus nonresistant bacteria. Anesthesiology 2000, 93:638-645.
16. Drakulovic M.B., Torres A., Bauer T.T., et al. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999, 354:1851-1858.
17. Kostadima E., Kaditis A.G., Alexopoulos E.I., et al. Early gastrostomy reduces the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in stroke or head injury patients. Eur Respir J 2005, 26:106-111.
18. Dziedzic T., Pera J., Klimkowicz A., et al. Serum albumin level and nosocomial pneumonia in stroke patients. Eur J Neurol 2006, 13:299-301.
19. Dziewas R., Stogbauer F., Ludemann P. Risk factors for pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 2003, 34:e105. author reply e105.
20. Hassan A., Khealani B.A., Shafqat S., et al. Stroke-associated pneumonia: microbiological data and outcome. Singapore Med J 2006, 47:204-207.
21. Walter U., Knoblich R., Steinhagen V., et al. Predictors of pneumonia in acute stroke patients admitted to a neurological intensive care unit. J Neurol 2007, 254:1323-1329.
22. IfHI Implement the ventilator bundle, IHI.org 2005.
23. Pugin J., Auckenthaler R., Mili N., et al. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic "blind" bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991, 143:1121-1129.
24. Singh N., Rogers P., Atwood C.W., et al. Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162:505-511.
25. Ramirez J. Nosocomially-acquired pneumonia (NAP) outcomes performance improvement team report: NAP pathway 2006, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.
26. Emsley H.C., Hopkins S.J. Acute ischaemic stroke and infection: recent and emerging concepts. Lancet Neurol 2008, 7:341-353.
27. Hilker R., Poetter C., Findeisen N., et al. Nosocomial pneumonia after acute stroke: implications for neurological intensive care medicine. Stroke 2003, 34:975-981.
28. Kwon H.M., Jeong S.W., Lee S.H., et al. The pneumonia score: a simple grading scale for prediction of pneumonia after acute stroke. Am J Infect Control 2006, 34:64-68.
29. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004, 32:470-485.
30. Upadya A., Thorevska N., Sena K.N., et al. Predictors and consequences of pneumonia in critically ill patients with stroke. J Crit Care 2004, 19:16-22.
31. Tejerina E., Frutos-Vivar F., Restrepo M.I., et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Crit Care 2006, 21:56-65.
32. Rammaert B., Ader F., Nseir S. [Ventilator-associated pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Rev Mal Respir 2007, 24:1285-1298.
33. Horan T.C., Andrus M., Dudeck M.A. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008, 36:309-332.
34. Bonten M.J., Gaillard C.A. Stress bleeding prophylaxis in the ICU: obligate or obsolete?. Neth J Med 1996, 48:4-7.
35. Misra U.K., Kalita J., Pandey S., et al. Predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding in acute intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol Sci 2003, 208:25-29.
36. Bonten M.J., Gaillard C.A., van der Geest S., et al. The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A stratified, randomized, double-blind study of sucralfate versus antacids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:1825-1834.
37. Bonten M.J., Gaillard C.A., Wouters E.F., et al. Problems in diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a review. Crit Care Med 1994, 22:1683-1691.
38. Herzig S.J., Howell M.D., Ngo L.H., et al. Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. JAMA 2009, 301:2120-2128.
39. Sarkar M., Hennessy S., Yang Y.X. Proton-pump inhibitor use and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 2008, 149:391-398.