Treatment of recurrent and severe clostridium difficile infection

Annual Review of Medicine

Volumn 66, Issue , 2015, Pages 373-386

  Keller, J J ^a   Kuijper, E J ^b  

^a MEDICAL CENTER HAAGLANDEN   (Netherlands)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

donor feces; fidaxomicin; microbiota; transplantation

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CLOSTRIDIUM TOXIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; FIDAXOMICIN; METRONIDAZOLE; VANCOMYCIN;

ALGORITHM; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; COLITIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION; FECES MICROFLORA; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT INFECTION; RISK FACTOR; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; FECES; MICROBIOLOGY; MICROFLORA; PEPTOCLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; PROCEDURES; RECURRENT DISEASE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TRANSPLANTATION;

AMINOGLYCOSIDES; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; FECES; HUMANS; METRONIDAZOLE; MICROBIOTA; RECURRENCE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TRANSPLANTATION; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 84921345829     PISSN: 00664219     EISSN: 1545326X     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-070813-114317     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Hensgens MP, Goorhuis A, Dekkers OM, et al. 2013. All-cause and disease-specific mortality in hospitalized patientswithClostridium difficile infection: amulticenter cohort study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 56(8):1108-16
2. HensgensMP, Goorhuis A, DekkersOM, Kuijper EJ. 2012. Time interval of increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection after exposure to antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 67(3):742-48
3. Khanna S, Pardi DS, Aronson SL, et al. 2012. The epidemiology of community-Acquired Clostridium difficile infection: a population-based study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107(1):89-95
4. Soes LM, Holt HM, Bottiger B, et al. 2014. The incidence and clinical symptomatology of Clostridium difficile infections in a community setting in a cohort of Danish patients attending general practice. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 33(6):957-67
5. Hensgens MP, Dekkers OM, Demeulemeester A, et al. 2014. Diarrhoea in general practice:When should a Clostridium difficile infection be considered?. Results of a nested case-control study. Clin.Microbiol. Infect. In press. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12758
6. Bauer MP, Veenendaal D, Verhoef L, et al. 2009. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-onset Clostridium difficile infection in The Netherlands. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 15(12):1087-92
7. Debast SB, Bauer MP, Kuijper EJ. 2014. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: update of the treatment guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 20(Suppl. 2):1-26
8. Hu MY, Katchar K, Kyne L, et al. 2009. Prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology 136(4):1206-14
9. Hensgens MP, Dekkers OM, Goorhuis A, et al. 2013. Predicting a complicated course of Clostridium difficile infection at the bedside. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 20(5):O301-8
10. Khoruts A, Dicksved J, Jansson JK, Sadowsky MJ. 2010. Changes in the composition of the human fecal microbiome after bacteriotherapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhea. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 44(5):354-60
11. vanNood E, Vrieze A, NieuwdorpM, et al. 2013. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N. Engl. J. Med. 368(5):407-15
12. Dethlefsen L, Huse S, SoginML, Relman DA. 2008. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. PLOS Biol. 6(11):e280
13. Chang JY, Antonopoulos DA, KalraA, et al. 2008. Decreased diversity of the fecal microbiome in recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhea. J. Infect. Dis. 197(3):435-38
14. Fuentes S, van Nood E, Tims S, et al. 2014. Reset of a critically disturbed microbial ecosystem: faecal transplant in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. ISME J. 8:1621-33
15. Song Y, Garg S, Girotra M, et al. 2013. Microbiota dynamics in patients treated with fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. PLOS ONE 8(11):e81330
16. BrittonRA, YoungVB. 2014. Role of the intestinalmicrobiota in resistance to colonization byClostridium difficile. Gastroenterology 146(6):1547-53
17. Khosravi A, Mazmanian SK. 2013. Disruption of the gut microbiome as a risk factor for microbial infections. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 16(2):221-27
18. Antunes LC, Han J, Ferreira RB, et al. 2011. Effect of antibiotic treatment on the intestinal metabolome. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55(4):1494-503
19. Giel JL, Sorg JA, Sonenshein AL, Zhu J. 2010. Metabolism of bile salts in mice influences spore germination in Clostridium difficile. PLOS ONE 5(1):e8740
20. Weingarden AR, Chen C, Bobr A, et al. 2014. Microbiota transplantation restores normal fecal bile acid composition in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 306(4):G310-19
21. Rea MC, Sit CS, Clayton E, et al. 2010. Thuricin CD, a posttranslationally modified bacteriocin with a narrow spectrum of activity against Clostridium difficile. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107(20):9352-57
22. Johnston BC, Ma SS, Goldenberg JZ, et al. 2012. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 157(12):878-88
23. McFarland LV. 2006. Meta-Analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101(4):812-22
24. Allen SJ, Wareham K, WangD, et al. 2013. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older inpatients (PLACIDE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet 382(9900):1249-57
25. Hensgens MP, Keessen EC, Squire MM, et al. 2012. Clostridium difficile infection in the community: a zoonotic disease?. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18(7):635-45
26. Alam MJ, Anu A, Walk ST, Garey KW. 2014. Investigation of potentially pathogenic Clostridium difficile contamination in household environs. Anaerobe 27:31-33
27. Kato H, Kita H, Karasawa T, et al. 2001. Colonisation and transmission of Clostridium difficile in healthy individuals examined by PCR ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Med. Microbiol. 50(8):720-27
28. Ozaki E, Kato H, Kita H, et al. 2004. Clostridium difficile colonization in healthy adults: transient colonization and correlation with enterococcal colonization. J. Med. Microbiol. 53(Pt. 2):167-72
29. Kyne L, Warny M, Qamar A, Kelly CP. 2000. Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A. N. Engl. J. Med. 342(6):390-97
30. Johnson S, Gerding DN. 1998. Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhea. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:1027-36
31. Arvand M, Moser V, Schwehn C, et al. 2012. High prevalence of Clostridium difficile colonization among nursing home residents in Hesse, Germany. PLOS ONE 7(1):e30183
32. Riggs MM, Sethi AK, Zabarsky TF, et al. 2007. Asymptomatic carriers are a potential source for transmission of epidemic and nonepidemic Clostridium difficile strains among long-Term care facility residents. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45(8):992-98
33. Rea MC, O'Sullivan O, Shanahan F, et al. 2012. Clostridium difficile carriage in elderly subjects and associated changes in the intestinal microbiota. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50(3):867-75
34. Eyre DW, CuleML, Wilson DJ, et al. 2013. Diverse sources of C. difficile infection identified on wholegenome sequencing. N. Engl. J. Med. 369(13):1195-205
35. Kamboj M, Khosa P, Kaltsas A, et al. 2011. Relapse versus reinfection: surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53(10):1003-6
36. Bauer MP, Nibbering PH, Poxton IR, et al. 2014. Humoral immune response as predictor of recurrence in Clostridium difficile infection. Clin. Microbiol. In press. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12769
37. Kyne L, Warny M, Qamar A, Kelly CP. 2001. Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Lancet 357(9251):189-93
38. Shim JK, Johnson S, Samore MH, et al. 1998. Primary symptomless colonisation by Clostridium difficile and decreased risk of subsequent diarrhoea. Lancet 351(9103):633-36
39. Tschudin Sutter S, Carroll KC, Tamma PD, et al. 2014. Clostridium difficile: impact of colonisation versus transmission on the development of infection-results from a prospective observational study. Poster 0073. Presented at Eur. Congr. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 10-14 May, Barcelona, Spain
40. Lowy I, Molrine DC, Leav BA, et al. 2010. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. N. Engl. J. Med. 362(3):197-205
41. Mattila E, Anttila VJ, Broas M, et al. 2008. A randomized, double-blind study comparing Clostridium difficile immune whey andmetronidazole for recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhoea: efficacy and safety data of a prematurely interrupted trial. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 40(9):702-8
42. Numan SC, Veldkamp P, Kuijper EJ, et al. 2007. Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhoea: bovine anti-Clostridium difficile whey protein to help aid the prevention of relapses. Gut 56(6):888-89
43. Bartlett JG, Chang TW, Gurwith M, et al. 1978. Antibiotic-Associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing clostridia. N. Engl. J. Med. 298(10):531-34
44. Crobach MJ, DekkersOM, WilcoxMH, KuijperEJ. 2009. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID): data review and recommendations for diagnosing Clostridium difficile-infection (CDI). Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 15(12):1053-66
45. Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, et al. 2013. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 108(4):478-98
46. Deshpande A, Pasupuleti V, Rolston DD, et al. 2011. Diagnostic accuracy of real-Time polymerase chain reaction in detection of Clostridium difficile in the stool samples of patients with suspected Clostridium difficile infection: a meta-Analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53(7):e81-e90
47. Cornely OA, Crook DW, Esposito R, et al. 2012. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for infection with Clostridium difficile in Europe, Canada, and the USA: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. 12(4):281-89
48. Louie TJ, Miller MA, Mullane KM, et al. 2011. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 364(5):422-31
49. Nelson RL, Kelsey P, Leeman H, et al. 2011. Antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhea in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (9):CD004610
50. van Nood E, Keller JJ, Kuijper EJ, Speelman P. 2013. Nieuwe mogelijkheden bij Clostridium difficileinfecties [New treatment options for infections with Clostridium difficile]. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 157(48):A6580
51. Debast SB, Bauer MP, Sanders IM, et al. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of LFF571 and three treatment agents against Clostridium difficile isolates collected for a pan-European survey in 2008: clinical and therapeutic implications. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 68(6):1305-11
52. Scott LJ. 2013. Fidaxomicin: a review of its use in patients with Clostridium difficile infection. Drugs 73(15):1733-47
53. Louie TJ, Cannon K, Byrne B, et al. 2012. Fidaxomicin preserves the intestinal microbiome during and after treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and reduces both toxin reexpression and recurrence of CDI. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55(Suppl. 2):S132-42
54. Iarikov DE, Alexander J, Nambiar S. 2014. Hypersensitivity reactions associated with fidaxomicin use. Clin. Infect. Dis. 58(4):537-39
55. Smeltzer S, Hassoun A. 2013. Successful use of fidaxomicin in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a child. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 68(7):1688-89
56. Eiseman B, Silen W, Bascom GS, Kauvar AJ. 1958. Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Surgery 44(5):854-59
57. Gough E, Shaikh H, Manges AR. 2011. Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53(10):994-1002
58. van Nood E, Speelman P, Kuijper EJ, Keller JJ. 2009. Struggling with recurrent Clostridium difficile infections: Is donor faeces the solution?. Eurosurveillance 14(34): 19316
59. Owens C, Broussard E, Surawicz C. 2013. Fecal microbiota transplantation and donor standardization. Trends Microbiol. 21:443-45
60. Bakken JS, Borody T, Brandt LJ, et al. 2011. Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9(12):1044-49
61. Lee CH, Belanger JE, Kassam Z, et al. 2014. The outcome and long-Term follow-up of 94 patients with recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection using single to multiple fecal microbiota transplantation via retention enema. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 33(8):1425-28
62. Hamilton MJ, Weingarden AR, Sadowsky MJ, Khoruts A. 2012. Standardized frozen preparation for transplantation of fecal microbiota for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107(5):761-67
63. Youngster I, Sauk J, Pindar C, et al. 2014. Fecal microbiota transplant for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors: a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 58(11):1515-22
64. Louie TJ, et al. 2013. Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) via oral fecal microbial capsules for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI). Presented at ID Week, Oct. 8-12, Philadelphia, PA. Abstr. 89
65. Quera R, Espinoza R, Estay C, Rivera D. 2014. Bacteremia as an adverse event of fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient with Crohn's disease and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. J. Crohn's Colitis 8(3):252-53
66. Angelberger S, Reinisch W, Makristathis A, et al. 2013. Temporal bacterial community dynamics vary among ulcerative colitis patients after fecal microbiota transplantation. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 108:1620-30
67. Kelly CR, Ihunnah C, Fischer M, et al. 2014. Fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in immunocompromised patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109:1065-71
68. Tvede M, Rask-Madsen J. 1989. Bacteriotherapy for chronic relapsing Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in six patients. Lancet 333(8648):1156-60
69. Petrof EO, Gloor GB, Vanner SJ, et al. 2013. Stool substitute transplant therapy for the eradication of Clostridium difficile infection: 'RePOOPulating' the gut. Microbiome 1:3
70. BesselinkMG, van Santvoort HC, Buskens E, et al. 2008. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 371(9613):651-59
71. Juang P, Skledar SJ, Zgheib NK, et al. 2007. Clinical outcomes of intravenous immune globulin in severe clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhea. Am. J. Infect. Control 35(2):131-37
72. AbougergiMS, Broor A, CuiW, Jaar BG. 2010. Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe Clostridium difficile colitis: an observational study and review of the literature. J. Hosp. Med. 5(1):E1-E9
73. Seltman AK. 2012. Surgical management of Clostridium difficile colitis. Clin. Colon Rectal Surg. 25(4):204-9
74. Neal MD, Alverdy JC, Hall DE, et al. 2011. Diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage: an alternative to total abdominal colectomy for the treatment of severe, complicated Clostridium difficile associated disease. Ann. Surg. 254(3):423-27
75. Brandt LJ, Borody TJ, Campbell J. 2011. Endoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation: 'first-line' treatment for severe clostridium difficile infection?. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 45(8):655-57
76. YouDM, FranzosMA, Holman RP. 2008. Successful treatment of fulminant Clostridium difficile infection with fecal bacteriotherapy. Ann. Intern. Med. 148(8):632-33
77. NeemannK, Eichele DD, Smith PW, et al. 2012. Fecal microbiota transplantation for fulminant Clostridium difficile infection in an allogeneic stem cell transplant patient. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 14(6):E161-65