메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

Sexual conflict in hermaphrodites

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84920531537     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19430264     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017673     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (73)

References (206)
  • 1
    • 78650502610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals
    • Abbott JK. 2011. Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals. Proc R Soc B278: 161–169.
    • (2011) Proc R Soc B , vol.278 , pp. 161-169
    • Abbott, J.K.1
  • 2
    • 0025074607 scopus 로고
    • The “love dart” of the snail
    • Adamo SA, Chase R. 1990. The “love dart” of the snail Helix aspersa injects a pheromone that decreases courtship duration. J Exp Zool255: 80–87.
    • (1990) J Exp Zool , vol.255 , pp. 80-87
    • Adamo, S.A.1    Chase, R.2
  • 3
    • 0004134698 scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton
    • Andersson M. 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
    • (1994) Sexual Selection
    • Andersson, M.1
  • 4
    • 0041784461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with hypodermic insemination: Body size, allocation to sexual roles and paternity
    • Angeloni L. 2003. Sexual selection in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with hypodermic insemination: Body size, allocation to sexual roles and paternity. Anim Behav66: 417–426.
    • (2003) Anim Behav , vol.66 , pp. 417-426
    • Angeloni, L.1
  • 5
    • 12244305834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do “sperm trading” simultaneous hermaphrodites always trade sperm?
    • Anthes N, Michiels NK. 2005. Do “sperm trading” simultaneous hermaphrodites always trade sperm? Behav Ecol16: 188–195.
    • (2005) Behav Ecol , vol.16 , pp. 188-195
    • Anthes, N.1    Michiels, N.K.2
  • 6
    • 34447128073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precopulatory stabbing, hypodermic injections and unilateral copulations in a hermaphroditic sea slug
    • Anthes N, Michiels NK. 2007. Precopulatory stabbing, hypodermic injections and unilateral copulations in a hermaphroditic sea slug. Biol Lett3: 121–124.
    • (2007) Biol Lett , vol.3 , pp. 121-124
    • Anthes, N.1    Michiels, N.K.2
  • 7
    • 26244445745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender trading in a hermaphrodite
    • Anthes N, Putz A, Michiels NK. 2005. Gender trading in a hermaphrodite. Curr Biol15: R792–R793.
    • (2005) Curr Biol , vol.15 , pp. R792-R793
    • Anthes, N.1    Putz, A.2    Michiels, N.K.3
  • 8
    • 33745268480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hermaphrodite sex role preferences: The role of partner body size, mating history and female fitness in the sea slug
    • Anthes N, Putz A, Michiels NK. 2006a. Hermaphrodite sex role preferences: The role of partner body size, mating history and female fitness in the sea slug Chelidonura sandrana. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 60: 359–367.
    • (2006) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.60 , pp. 359-367
    • Anthes, N.1    Putz, A.2    Michiels, N.K.3
  • 9
    • 33745240432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex role preferences, gender conflict, and sperm trading in simultaneous hermaphrodites: A new framework
    • Anthes N, Putz A, Michiels NK. 2006b. Sex role preferences, gender conflict, and sperm trading in simultaneous hermaphrodites: A new framework. Anim Behav72: 1–12.
    • (2006) Anim Behav , pp. 1-12
    • Anthes, N.1    Putz, A.2    Michiels, N.K.3
  • 10
    • 41749090027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary links between reproductive morphology, ecology and mating behavior in opisthobranch gastropods
    • Anthes N, Schulenburg H, Michiels NK. 2008. Evolutionary links between reproductive morphology, ecology and mating behavior in opisthobranch gastropods. Evolution62: 900–916.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 900-916
    • Anthes, N.1    Schulenburg, H.2    Michiels, N.K.3
  • 12
    • 0028594458 scopus 로고
    • Bateman’s principles and the measurement of sexual selection in plants and animals
    • Arnold SJ. 1994. Bateman’s principles and the measurement of sexual selection in plants and animals. Am Nat 144: S126–S149.
    • (1994) Am Nat , vol.144 , pp. S126-S149
    • Arnold, S.J.1
  • 13
    • 0028176444 scopus 로고
    • Animal mating systems: A synthesis based on selection theory
    • Arnold SJ, Duvall D. 1994. Animal mating systems: A synthesis based on selection theory. Am Nat 143: 317–348.
    • (1994) Am Nat , vol.143 , pp. 317-348
    • Arnold, S.J.1    Duvall, D.2
  • 14
    • 17644400408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Arnqvist G, Rowe L. 2005. Sexual conflict. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (2005) Sexual conflict
    • Arnqvist, G.1    Rowe, L.2
  • 15
    • 0019480612 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation
    • Axelrod R, Hamilton WD. 1981. The evolution of cooperation. Science 211: 1390–1396.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Axelrod, R.1    Hamilton, W.D.2
  • 16
    • 0000623089 scopus 로고
    • Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila
    • Bateman AJ. 1948. Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 2: 349–368.
    • (1948) Heredity , vol.2 , pp. 349-368
    • Bateman, A.J.1
  • 17
    • 0002537603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm competition in molluscs
    • (ed. Birkhead TR, Møller AP, Academic, New York
    • Baur B. 1998. Sperm competition in molluscs. In Sperm competition and sexual selection (ed. Birkhead TR, Møller AP), pp. 255–305. Academic, New York.
    • (1998) Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection , pp. 255-305
    • Baur, B.1
  • 18
    • 38749099787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology and mating conflict in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum
    • Baur B. 2007. Reproductive biology and mating conflict in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum. Am Malacol Bull 23: 157–172.
    • (2007) Am Malacol Bull , vol.23 , pp. 157-172
    • Baur, B.1
  • 19
    • 0031758694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm allocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum
    • Baur B, Locher R, Baur A. 1998. Sperm allocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum. Anim Behav 56: 839–845.
    • (1998) Anim Behav , vol.56 , pp. 839-845
    • Baur, B.1    Locher, R.2    Baur, A.3
  • 21
    • 84987486384 scopus 로고
    • An autoradiographic study of sperm exchange and storage in a sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori, a hermaphroditic gastropod (Opisthobranchia: Anaspidea)
    • Beeman RD. 1970. An autoradiographic study of sperm exchange and storage in a sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori, a hermaphroditic gastropod (Opisthobranchia: Anaspidea). J Exp Zool 175: 125–132.
    • (1970) J Exp Zool , vol.175 , pp. 125-132
    • Beeman, R.D.1
  • 22
    • 0001726158 scopus 로고
    • Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia
    • (ed. Giese AC, Pearse JA, Academic, New York
    • Beeman RD. 1977. Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia. In Reproduction in marine invertebrates (ed. Giese AC, Pearse JA), pp. 115–179. Academic, New York.
    • (1977) Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates , pp. 115-179
    • Beeman, R.D.1
  • 23
    • 33746432269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bursa tract diverticulum in the hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum (Stylommatophora: Helicidae): Morphology, function, and evolutionary implications
    • Beese K, Beier K, Baur B. 2006. Bursa tract diverticulum in the hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum (Stylommatophora: Helicidae): Morphology, function, and evolutionary implications. J Morphol 267: 940–953.
    • (2006) J Morphol , vol.267 , pp. 940-953
    • Beese, K.1    Beier, K.2    Baur, B.3
  • 24
    • 55949085494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of female sperm-storage organs in the carrefour of stylommatophoran gastropods
    • Beese K, Armbruster GFJ, Beier K, Baur B. 2009. Evolution of female sperm-storage organs in the carrefour of stylommatophoran gastropods. J Zool Syst Evol Res 47: 49–60.
    • (2009) J Zool Syst Evol Res , vol.47 , pp. 49-60
    • Beese, K.1    Armbruster, G.F.J.2    Beier, K.3    Baur, B.4
  • 25
    • 77950341147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous application of an accessory-gland secretion after sperm exchange in a terrestrial slug (Mollusca: Pulmonata)
    • Benke M, Reise H, Montagne-Wajer K, Koene JM. 2010. Cutaneous application of an accessory-gland secretion after sperm exchange in a terrestrial slug (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Zoology 113: 118–124.
    • (2010) Zoology , vol.113 , pp. 118-124
    • Benke, M.1    Reise, H.2    Montagne-Wajer, K.3    Koene, J.M.4
  • 27
    • 0029881094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female control of paternity in the internally fertilizing compound ascidian Diplosoma listerianum: I. Autoradiographic investigation of sperm movements in the female reproductive tract
    • Bishop JDD. 1996. Female control of paternity in the internally fertilizing compound ascidian Diplosoma listerianum: I. Autoradiographic investigation of sperm movements in the female reproductive tract. Proc R Soc B 263: 369–376.
    • (1996) Proc R Soc B , vol.263 , pp. 369-376
    • Bishop, J.D.D.1
  • 28
    • 33747883562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The third way: Spermcast mating in sessile marine invertebrates
    • Bishop JDD, Pemberton AJ. 2006. The third way: Spermcast mating in sessile marine invertebrates. Integr Comp Biol 46: 398–406.
    • (2006) Integr Comp Biol , vol.46 , pp. 398-406
    • Bishop, J.D.D.1    Pemberton, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 0029730412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female control of paternity in the internally fertilizing compound ascidian Diplosoma listerianum: II. Investigation of male mating success using RAPD markers
    • Bishop JDD, Jones CS, Noble LR. 1996. Female control of paternity in the internally fertilizing compound ascidian Diplosoma listerianum: II. Investigation of male mating success using RAPD markers. Proc R Soc B 263: 401–407.
    • (1996) Proc R Soc B , vol.263 , pp. 401
    • Bishop, J.D.D.1    Jones, C.S.2    Noble, L.R.3
  • 30
    • 0015715455 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the gametolytic gland in the anaspidean opisthobranchs, Phyllaplysia taylori and Aplysia californica
    • Brandriff B, Beeman R. 1973. Observations on the gametolytic gland in the anaspidean opisthobranchs, Phyllaplysia taylori and Aplysia californica. J Morphol 141: 395–409.
    • (1973) J Morphol , vol.141 , pp. 395-409
    • Brandriff, B.1    Beeman, R.2
  • 32
    • 0018398202 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous hermaphroditism and sexual selection
    • Charnov EL. 1979. Simultaneous hermaphroditism and sexual selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci 76: 2480–2484.
    • (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.76 , pp. 2480-2484
    • Charnov, E.L.1
  • 33
    • 0000494635 scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation and local mate competition in barnacles
    • Charnov EL. 1980. Sex allocation and local mate competition in barnacles. Mar Bio Lett 1: 269–272.
    • (1980) Mar Bio Lett , vol.1 , pp. 269-272
    • Charnov, E.L.1
  • 36
    • 38749136974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The function of dart shooting in helicid snails
    • Chase R. 2007. The function of dart shooting in helicid snails. Am Malacol Bull 23: 183–189.
    • (2007) Am Malacol Bull , vol.23 , pp. 183-189
    • Chase, R.1
  • 37
    • 33746199883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The snail’s love-dart delivers mucus to increase paternity
    • Chase R, Blanchard KC. 2006. The snail’s love-dart delivers mucus to increase paternity. Proc R Soc B 273: 1471–1475.
    • (2006) Proc R Soc B , vol.273 , pp. 1471-1475
    • Chase, R.1    Blanchard, K.C.2
  • 38
    • 33645047409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independence, not conflict, characterizes dart-shooting and sperm exchange in a hermaphroditic snail
    • Chase R, Vaga K. 2006. Independence, not conflict, characterizes dart-shooting and sperm exchange in a hermaphroditic snail. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 59: 732–739.
    • (2006) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.59 , pp. 732-739
    • Chase, R.1    Vaga, K.2
  • 39
    • 21244471518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of conspecific associations on size at sex change in three species of calyptraeid gastropods
    • Collin R, McLellan M, Gruber K, Bailey-Jourdain C. 2005. Effects of conspecific associations on size at sex change in three species of calyptraeid gastropods. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 293: 89–97.
    • (2005) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.293 , pp. 89-97
    • Collin, R.1    McLellan, M.2    Gruber, K.3    Bailey-Jourdain, C.4
  • 40
    • 0027045143 scopus 로고
    • Egg-trading in simultaneous hermaphrodites: An alternative to tit-for-tat
    • Connor RC. 1992. Egg-trading in simultaneous hermaphrodites: An alternative to tit-for-tat. J Evol Biol 5: 523–528.
    • (1992) J Evol Biol , vol.5 , pp. 523-528
    • Connor, R.C.1
  • 41
    • 34247598838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary stability of egg trading and parceling in simultaneous hermaphrodites: The chalk bass revisited
    • Crowley PH, Hart MK. 2007. Evolutionary stability of egg trading and parceling in simultaneous hermaphrodites: The chalk bass revisited. J Theor Biol 246: 420–429.
    • (2007) J Theor Biol , vol.246 , pp. 420-429
    • Crowley, P.H.1    Hart, M.K.2
  • 44
    • 28844440780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and darts in slugs and snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
    • Davison A, Wade CM, Mordan PB, Chiba S. 2005. Sex and darts in slugs and snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). J Zool 267: 329–338.
    • (2005) J Zool , vol.267 , pp. 329-338
    • Davison, A.1    Wade, C.M.2    Mordan, P.B.3    Chiba, S.4
  • 45
    • 0004149207 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Dawkins R. 1976. The selfish gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1976) The Selfish Gene
    • Dawkins, R.1
  • 46
    • 0002545943 scopus 로고
    • Mating behavior of the freshwater pulmonate snail Physa gyrina
    • DeWitt TJ. 1991. Mating behavior of the freshwater pulmonate snail Physa gyrina. Am Malacol Bull 9: 81–84.
    • (1991) Am Malacol Bull , vol.9 , pp. 81-84
    • Dewitt, T.J.1
  • 47
    • 0029667591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender contests in a simultaneous hermaphrodite snail: A size-advantage model for behaviour
    • DeWitt TJ. 1996. Gender contests in a simultaneous hermaphrodite snail: A size-advantage model for behaviour. Anim Behav 51: 345–351.
    • (1996) Anim Behav , vol.51 , pp. 345-351
    • Dewitt, T.J.1
  • 48
    • 66749171251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm transfer, sperm storage, and sperm digestion in the hermaphroditic land snail Succinea putris (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
    • Dillen L, Jordaens K, Backeljau T. 2009. Sperm transfer, sperm storage, and sperm digestion in the hermaphroditic land snail Succinea putris (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Invertebr Biol 128: 97–106.
    • (2009) Invertebr Biol , vol.128 , pp. 97-106
    • Dillen, L.1    Jordaens, K.2    Backeljau, T.3
  • 49
    • 77950858765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectsof bodysizeon courtship role, mating frequency and sperm transfer in the land snail Succinea putris
    • Dillen L, Jordaens K, van Dongen S, Backeljau T. 2010. Effectsof bodysizeon courtship role, mating frequency and sperm transfer in the land snail Succinea putris. Anim Behav 79: 1125–1133.
    • (2010) Anim Behav , vol.79 , pp. 1125-1133
    • Dillen, L.1    Jordaens, K.2    Van Dongen, S.3    Backeljau, T.4
  • 50
    • 84878585778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection in earthworms: Mate choice, sperm competition, differential allocation and partner manipulation
    • Domínguez J, Velando A. 2013. Sexual selection in earthworms: Mate choice, sperm competition, differential allocation and partner manipulation. Appl Soil Ecol69: 21–27.
    • (2013) Appl Soil Ecol , vol.69 , pp. 21-27
    • Domínguez, J.1    Velando, A.2
  • 52
    • 0000576394 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of the sex ratio
    • Düsing C. 1884. The regulation of the sex ratio. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft17: 593–940.
    • (1884) Jenaische , vol.17 , pp. 593
    • Düsing, C.1
  • 55
    • 42049103023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving to mate: The evolution of separate and combined sexes in multicellular organisms
    • Eppley SM, Jesson LK. 2008. Moving to mate: The evolution of separate and combined sexes in multicellular organisms. J Evol Biol21: 727–736.
    • (2008) J Evol Biol , vol.21 , pp. 727-736
    • Eppley, S.M.1    Jesson, L.K.2
  • 56
    • 38849200452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-role alternation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic freshwater snail
    • Facon B, Ravigné V, Goudet J. 2008. Gender-role alternation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic freshwater snail Physa acuta: Not with the same partner. Behav Ecol Sociobiol62: 713–720.
    • (2008) Behav Ecol Socio , vol.62 , pp. 713-720
    • Facon, B.1    Ravigné, V.2    Goudet, J.3
  • 57
    • 0000648169 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between mating system and simultaneous hermaphroditism in the coral reef fish
    • Fischer EA. 1980. The relationship between mating system and simultaneous hermaphroditism in the coral reef fish, Hypoplectrus nigricans (Serranidae). Anim Behav28: 620–633.
    • (1980) Anim Behav , vol.28 , pp. 620-633
    • Fischer, E.A.1
  • 58
    • 85005481068 scopus 로고
    • Egg trading in the chalk bass
    • Fischer EA. 1984. Egg trading in the chalk bass, Serranus tortugarum, a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Z Tierpsychol66: 143–151.
    • (1984) Z Tierpsychol , vol.66 , pp. 143-151
    • Fischer, E.A.1
  • 59
    • 0000522519 scopus 로고
    • Mating behavior in the black hamlet gamete trading or egg trading
    • Fischer EA. 1987. Mating behavior in the black hamlet gamete trading or egg trading. Env Biol Fish18: 143–148.
    • (1987) Env Biol Fish , vol.18 , pp. 143-148
    • Fischer, E.A.1
  • 60
    • 38249027157 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous hermaphroditism, tit-for-tat, and the evolutionary stability of social systems
    • Fischer EA. 1988. Simultaneous hermaphroditism, tit-for-tat, and the evolutionary stability of social systems. Ethol Sociobiol9: 119–136.
    • (1988) Ethol , vol.9 , pp. 119-136
    • Fischer, E.A.1
  • 62
    • 77955157058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The outcome of sperm competition is affected by behavioural and anatomical reproductive traits in a simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail
    • Garefalaki M-E, Triantafyllidis A, Abatzopoulos TJ, Staikou A. 2010. The outcome of sperm competition is affected by behavioural and anatomical reproductive traits in a simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail. J Evol Biol 23: 966–976.
    • (2010) J Evol Bio , vol.23 , pp. 966-976
    • Garefalaki, M.-E.1    Triantafyllidis, A.2    Abatzopoulos, T.J.3    Staikou, A.4
  • 63
    • 0014523554 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals. Q
    • Ghiselin MT 1969. The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals. Q Rev Biol44: 189–208.
    • (1969) Rev Biol , vol.44 , pp. 189-208
    • Ghiselin, M.T.1
  • 64
    • 11144294277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and mating strategies in the simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Gianguzza P, Badalamenti F, Jensen KR, Chemello R, Cannicci S, Riggio S. 2004. Body size and mating strategies in the simultaneous hermaphrodite Oxynoe olivacea (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa). Funct Ecol18: 899–906.
    • (2004) Funct Ecol , vol.18 , pp. 899-906
    • Gianguzza, P.1    Badalamenti, F.2    Jensen, K.R.3    Chemello, R.4    Cannicci, S.5    Riggio, S.6
  • 65
    • 0032950853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm digestion and reciprocal sperm transfer can drive hermaphrodite sex allocation to equality
    • Greeff JM, Michiels NK. 1999. Sperm digestion and reciprocal sperm transfer can drive hermaphrodite sex allocation to equality. Am Nat153: 421–430.
    • (1999) Am Nat , vol.153 , pp. 421-430
    • Greeff, J.M.1    Michiels, N.K.2
  • 66
    • 0034347085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating and the inferred function of the genital system of the nudibranch
    • Haase M, Karlsson A. 2000. Mating and the inferred function of the genital system of the nudibranch, Aeolidiella glauca (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Aeolidioidea). Invertebr Biol119: 287–298.
    • (2000) Invertebr Biol , vol.119 , pp. 287-298
    • Haase, M.1    Karlsson, A.2
  • 67
    • 0014219333 scopus 로고
    • Extraordinary sex ratios
    • Hamilton WD. 1967. Extraordinary sex ratios. Science 156: 477–488.
    • (1967) Science , vol.156 , pp. 477-488
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 68
    • 1542416520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hardy ICW, editor, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Hardy ICW, editor. 2002. Sex ratios: Concepts and research methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2002) Sex Ratios: Concepts and Research
  • 69
    • 77949847797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation in a group-living simultaneous hermaphrodite: Effects of density at two different spatial scales
    • Hart MK, Kratter AW, Svoboda A-M, Lawrence CL, Sargent RC, Crowley PH. 2010. Sex allocation in a group-living simultaneous hermaphrodite: Effects of density at two different spatial scales. Evol Ecol Res12: 189–202.
    • (2010) Evol Ecol Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-202
    • Hart, M.K.1    Kratter, A.W.2    Svoboda, A.-M.3    Lawrence, C.L.4    Sargent, R.C.5    Crowley, P.H.6
  • 70
    • 0018611272 scopus 로고
    • Brooding and the evolution of hermaphroditism
    • Heath DJ. 1979. Brooding and the evolution of hermaphroditism. J Theor Biol 81: 151–155.
    • (1979) J Theor Biol , vol.81 , pp. 151-155
    • Heath, D.J.1
  • 71
    • 0026397418 scopus 로고
    • More is not better: Brood size and population growth in a self-fertilizing nematode
    • Hodgkin J, Barnes TM. 1991. More is not better: Brood size and population growth in a self-fertilizing nematode. Proc R Soc B 246: 19–24.
    • (1991) Proc R Soc B , vol.246 , pp. 19-24
    • Hodgkin, J.1    Barnes, T.M.2
  • 72
    • 84865399043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating rate influences female reproductive investment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite, Lymnaea stagnalis
    • Hoffer JNA, Schwegler D, Ellers J, Koene JM. 2012. Mating rate influences female reproductive investment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite, Lymnaea stagnalis. Anim Behav 84: 523–529.
    • (2012) Anim Behav , vol.84 , pp. 523-529
    • Hoffer, J.N.A.1    Schwegler, D.2    Ellers, J.3    Koene, J.M.4
  • 73
    • 0031902360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: Chase-away sexual selection: Antagonistic seduction versus resistance
    • Holland B, Rice WR. 1998. Perspective: Chase-away sexual selection: Antagonistic seduction versus resistance. Evolution 52: 1–7.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 1-7
    • Holland, B.1    Rice, W.R.2
  • 74
    • 33645307947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • John Maynard Smith and the importance of consistency in evolutionary game theory
    • Houston AI, McNamara JM. 2005. John Maynard Smith and the importance of consistency in evolutionary game theory. Biol Phil 20: 933–950.
    • (2005) Biol Phil , vol.20 , pp. 933-950
    • Houston, A.I.1    McNamara, J.M.2
  • 75
    • 0024928740 scopus 로고
    • Variation in reproductive strategy among clones of the bryozoan Celleporella hyalina
    • Hughes DJ. 1989. Variation in reproductive strategy among clones of the bryozoan Celleporella hyalina. Ecol Monogr 59: 387–403.
    • (1989) Ecol Monogr , vol.59 , pp. 387-403
    • Hughes, D.J.1
  • 76
    • 56049101603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dioecy as a specialization promoting sperm delivery
    • Iyer P, Roughgarden J. 2008. Dioecy as a specialization promoting sperm delivery. Evol Ecol Res 10: 867–892.
    • (2008) Evol Ecol Res , vol.10 , pp. 867-892
    • Iyer, P.1    Roughgarden, J.2
  • 77
    • 58549093398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of mating and sperm-transfer success in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Janicke T, Schärer L. 2009a. Determinants of mating and sperm-transfer success in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. J Evol Biol 22: 405–415.
    • (2009) J Evol Biol , vol.22 , pp. 405-415
    • Janicke, T.1    Schärer, L.2
  • 78
    • 72849112176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation predicts mating rate in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Janicke T, Schärer L. 2009b. Sex allocation predicts mating rate in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Proc R Soc B 276: 4247–4253.
    • (2009) Proc R Soc B , vol.276 , pp. 4247-4253
    • Janicke, T.1    Schärer, L.2
  • 79
    • 33751310353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animals mix it up too: The distribution of self-fertilization among hermaphroditic animals
    • Jarne P, Auld JR. 2006. Animals mix it up too: The distribution of self-fertilization among hermaphroditic animals. Evolution 60: 1816–1824.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 1816-1824
    • Jarne, P.1    Auld, J.R.2
  • 80
    • 77749321018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection
    • (eds. Westneat DF, Fox CW, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Jennions MD, Kokko H. 2010. Sexual selection. In Evolutionary behavioral ecology (eds. Westneat DF, Fox CW), pp. 343–364. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (2010) Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology , pp. 343-364
    • Jennions, M.D.1    Kokko, H.2
  • 81
    • 22144477200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mate choice in the hermaphroditic land snail Succinea putris (Stylommatophora: Succineidae)
    • Jordaens K, Pinceel J, Backeljau T. 2005. Mate choice in the hermaphroditic land snail Succinea putris (Stylommatophora: Succineidae). Anim Behav 70: 329–337.
    • (2005) Anim Behav , vol.70 , pp. 329-337
    • Jordaens, K.1    Pinceel, J.2    Backeljau, T.3
  • 82
    • 0036202615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enigmatic mating behaviour and reproduction of a simultaneous hermaphrodite, the nudibranch Aeolidiella glauca (Gastropoda, Opistho-branchia)
    • Karlsson A, Haase M. 2002. The enigmatic mating behaviour and reproduction of a simultaneous hermaphrodite, the nudibranch Aeolidiella glauca (Gastropoda, Opistho-branchia). Can J Zool 80: 260–270.
    • (2002) Can J Zool , vol.80 , pp. 260-270
    • Karlsson, A.1    Haase, M.2
  • 83
    • 84875082097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed spermatophore removal in the land snail Euhadra peliomphala
    • Kimura K, Chiba S. 2013. Delayed spermatophore removal in the land snail Euhadra peliomphala. Biol J Linn Soc 108: 806–811.
    • (2013) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.108 , pp. 806-811
    • Kimura, K.1    Chiba, S.2
  • 84
    • 84875247067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mucus of a land snail love-dart suppresses subsequent matings in darted individuals
    • Kimura K, Shibuya K, Chiba S. 2013. The mucus of a land snail love-dart suppresses subsequent matings in darted individuals. Anim Behav 85: 631–635.
    • (2013) Anim Behav , vol.85 , pp. 631-635
    • Kimura, K.1    Shibuya, K.2    Chiba, S.3
  • 85
    • 0000176322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent allocation to male and female reproduction
    • (ed. Bazzaz FA, Grace J, Academic, New York
    • Klinkhamer PGL, de Jong TJ. 1997. Size-dependent allocation to male and female reproduction. In Plant resource allocation (ed. Bazzaz FA, Grace J), pp. 211–229. Academic, New York.
    • (1997) Plant Resource Allocation , pp. 211-229
    • Klinkhamer, P.G.L.1    De Jong, T.J.2
  • 86
    • 34247476125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in spermathecal morphology is independent of sperm competition intensity in populations of the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Cornu aspersum
    • Koemtzopoulos E, Staikou A. 2007. Variation in spermathecal morphology is independent of sperm competition intensity in populations of the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Cornu aspersum. Zoology 110: 139–146.
    • (2007) Zoology , vol.110 , pp. 139-146
    • Koemtzopoulos, E.1    Staikou, A.2
  • 87
    • 32444432917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allohormones and sensory traps: A fundamental difference between hermaphrodites and gonochorists?
    • Koene JM. 2005. Allohormones and sensory traps: A fundamental difference between hermaphrodites and gonochorists? Invertebr Reprod Dev 48: 101–107.
    • (2005) Invertebr Reprod Dev , vol.48 , pp. 101-107
    • Koene, J.M.1
  • 88
    • 33747890253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tales of two snails: Sexual selection and sexual conflict in Lymnaea stagnalis and Helix aspersa
    • Koene JM. 2006. Tales of two snails: Sexual selection and sexual conflict in Lymnaea stagnalis and Helix aspersa. Integr Comp Biol 46: 419–429.
    • (2006) Integr Comp Biol , vol.46 , pp. 419-429
    • Koene, J.M.1
  • 89
    • 0032143989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the reproductive system of the snail Helix aspersa caused by mucus from the love dart
    • Koene JM, Chase R. 1998. Changes in the reproductive system of the snail Helix aspersa caused by mucus from the love dart. J Exp Biol 201: 2313–2319.
    • (1998) J Exp Biol , vol.201 , pp. 2313-2319
    • Koene, J.M.1    Chase, R.2
  • 90
    • 17444421970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shooting darts: Co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails
    • Koene JM, Schulenburg H. 2005. Shooting darts: Co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails. BMC Evol Biol 5: 25.
    • (2005) BMC Evol Biol , vol.5 , pp. 25
    • Koene, J.M.1    Schulenburg, H.2
  • 91
    • 0034905060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allohormones: A class of bioactive substances favoured by sexual selection
    • Koene JM, ter Maat A. 2001. “Allohormones”: A class of bioactive substances favoured by sexual selection. J Comp Physiol A 187: 323–326.
    • (2001) J Comp Physiol A , vol.187 , pp. 323-326
    • Koene, J.M.1    Ter Maat, A.2
  • 92
    • 15744364000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex role alternation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is determined by the availability of seminal fluid
    • Koene JM, ter Maat A. 2005. Sex role alternation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is determined by the availability of seminal fluid. Anim Behav 69: 845–850.
    • (2005) Anim Behav , vol.69 , pp. 845-850
    • Koene, J.M.1    Ter Maat, A.2
  • 93
    • 0036710338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the function of body piercing during copulation in earthworms
    • Koene JM, Sundermann G, Michiels NK. 2002. On the function of body piercing during copulation in earthworms. Invertebr Reprod Dev 41: 35–40.
    • (2002) Invertebr Reprod Dev , vol.41 , pp. 35-40
    • Koene, J.M.1    Sundermann, G.2    Michiels, N.K.3
  • 94
    • 27644502386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piercing the partner’s skin influences sperm uptake in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
    • Koene JM, Pförtner T, Michiels NK. 2005. Piercing the partner’s skin influences sperm uptake in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 59: 243–249.
    • (2005) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.59 , pp. 243-249
    • Koene, J.M.1    Pförtner, T.2    Michiels, N.K.3
  • 95
    • 33745275604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of frequent mating on sex allocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis)
    • Koene JM, Montagne-Wajer K, ter Maat A. 2006. Effects of frequent mating on sex allocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 60: 332–338.
    • (2006) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.60 , pp. 332-338
    • Koene, J.M.1    Montagne-Wajer, K.2    Ter Maat, A.3
  • 96
    • 66249087381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced egg laying caused by a male accessory gland product opens possibility for sexual conflict in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Koene JM, Brouwer A, Hoffer JNA. 2009. Reduced egg laying caused by a male accessory gland product opens possibility for sexual conflict in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Anim Biol 59: 435–448.
    • (2009) Anim Biol , vol.59 , pp. 435-448
    • Koene, J.M.1    Brouwer, A.2    Hoffer, J.N.A.3
  • 98
    • 84880772642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A syringe-like love dart injects male accessory gland products in a tropical hermaphrodite
    • Koene JM, Liew T-S, Montagne-Wajer K, Schilthuizen M. 2013. A syringe-like love dart injects male accessory gland products in a tropical hermaphrodite. PLoS ONE 8: e69968.
    • (2013) Plos ONE , pp. 8
    • Koene, J.M.1    Liew, T.-S.2    Montagne-Wajer, K.3    Schilthuizen, M.4
  • 99
    • 84867099485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unifying cornerstones of sexual selection: Operational sex ratio, Bateman gradient and the scope for competitive investment
    • Kokko H, Klug H, Jennions MD. 2012. Unifying cornerstones of sexual selection: Operational sex ratio, Bateman gradient and the scope for competitive investment. Ecol Lett 15: 1340–1351.
    • (2012) Ecol Lett , vol.15 , pp. 1340-1351
    • Kokko, H.1    Klug, H.2    Jennions, M.D.3
  • 100
    • 33747626717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allohormones in Lumbricus terrestris? Mass spectrometry of the setal gland product indicates possible role of ubiq-uitin
    • König S, Mehlich A-M, Bullesbach J, Michiels NK. 2006. Allohormones in Lumbricus terrestris? Mass spectrometry of the setal gland product indicates possible role of ubiq-uitin. Invertebr Reprod Dev 49: 103–112.
    • (2006) Invertebr Reprod Dev , vol.49 , pp. 103-112
    • König, S.1    Mehlich, A.-M.2    Bullesbach, J.3    Michiels, N.K.4
  • 101
    • 0041346398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the adaptive function of gamete trading in the black hamlet Hypoplectrus nigricans
    • Landolfa MA. 2002. On the adaptive function of gamete trading in the black hamlet Hypoplectrus nigricans. Evol Ecol Res 4: 1191–1199.
    • (2002) Evol Ecol Res , vol.4 , pp. 1191-1199
    • Landolfa, M.A.1
  • 102
    • 0035677547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dart shooting influences paternal reproductive success in the snail Helix aspersa (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)
    • Landolfa MA, Green DM, Chase R. 2001. Dart shooting influences paternal reproductive success in the snail Helix aspersa (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Behav Ecol 12: 773–777.
    • (2001) Behav Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 773-777
    • Landolfa, M.A.1    Green, D.M.2    Chase, R.3
  • 104
    • 84880038954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions, diversity, and evolution of traumatic mating
    • Lange R, Reinhardt K, Michiels NK, Anthes N. 2013a. Functions, diversity, and evolution of traumatic mating. Biol Rev 88: 585–601.
    • (2013) Biol Rev , vol.88 , pp. 585-601
    • Lange, R.1    Reinhardt, K.2    Michiels, N.K.3    Anthes, N.4
  • 105
    • 84880078468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does traumatic secretion transfer manipulate mating roles or reproductive output in a hermaphroditic sea slug?
    • Lange R, Werminghausen J, Anthes N. 2013b. Does traumatic secretion transfer manipulate mating roles or reproductive output in a hermaphroditic sea slug? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 67: 1239–1247.
    • (2013) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.67 , pp. 1239-1247
    • Lange, R.1    Werminghausen, J.2    Anthes, N.3
  • 106
    • 84887539172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cephalo-traumatic secretion transfer in a hermaphrodite sea slug
    • Lange R, Werminghausen J, Anthes N. 2014. Cephalo-traumatic secretion transfer in a hermaphrodite sea slug. Proc R Soc B 281: 20132424.
    • (2014) Proc R Soc B , vol.281
    • Lange, R.1    Werminghausen, J.2    Anthes, N.3
  • 107
    • 58349094626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflicting selection pressures on reproductive functions and speciation in plants
    • Lankinen Å, Larsson MC. 2009. Conflicting selection pressures on reproductive functions and speciation in plants. Evol Ecol 23: 147–157.
    • (2009) Evol Ecol , vol.23 , pp. 147-157
    • Lankinen, Å.1    Larsson, M.C.2
  • 108
    • 79951549355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two roads to two sexes: Unifying gamete competition and gamete limitation in a single model of anisogamy evolution
    • Lehtonen J, Kokko H. 2011. Two roads to two sexes: Unifying gamete competition and gamete limitation in a single model of anisogamy evolution. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 65: 445–459.
    • (2011) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.65 , pp. 445-459
    • Lehtonen, J.1    Kokko, H.2
  • 109
    • 0025604661 scopus 로고
    • The hermaphrodite’s dilemma
    • Leonard JL. 1990. The hermaphrodite’s dilemma. J Theor Biol 147: 361–372.
    • (1990) J Theor Biol , vol.147 , pp. 361-372
    • Leonard, J.L.1
  • 110
    • 0032856107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern portfolio theory and the prudent hermaphrodite
    • Leonard J. 1999. Modern portfolio theory and the prudent hermaphrodite. Invertebr Reprod Dev 36: 129–135.
    • (1999) Invertebr Reprod Dev , vol.36 , pp. 129-135
    • Leonard, J.1
  • 111
    • 30744448149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bateman’s principle and simultaneous hermaphrodites: A paradox
    • Leonard JL. 2005. Bateman’s principle and simultaneous hermaphrodites: A paradox. Integr Comp Biol 45: 856–873.
    • (2005) Integr Comp Biol , vol.45 , pp. 856-873
    • Leonard, J.L.1
  • 112
    • 33747883069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection: Lessons from hermaphrodite mating systems
    • Leonard JL. 2006. Sexual selection: Lessons from hermaphrodite mating systems. Integr Comp Biol 46: 349–367.
    • (2006) Integr Comp Biol , vol.46 , pp. 349-367
    • Leonard, J.L.1
  • 113
    • 0001659822 scopus 로고
    • Male-female conflict in a simultaneous hermaphrodite resolved by sperm trading
    • Leonard JL, Lukowiak K. 1984. Male-female conflict in a simultaneous hermaphrodite resolved by sperm trading. Am Nat 124: 282–286.
    • (1984) Am Nat , vol.124 , pp. 282-286
    • Leonard, J.L.1    Lukowiak, K.2
  • 114
    • 0000820626 scopus 로고
    • Courtship, copulation, and sperm trading in the sea slug, Navanax inermis (Opistho-branchia: Cephalaspidea)
    • Leonard JL, Lukowiak K. 1985. Courtship, copulation, and sperm trading in the sea slug, Navanax inermis (Opistho-branchia: Cephalaspidea). Can J Zool 63: 2719–2729.
    • (1985) Can J Zool , vol.63 , pp. 2719-2729
    • Leonard, J.L.1    Lukowiak, K.2
  • 115
    • 0026055556 scopus 로고
    • Sex and the simultaneous hermaphrodite: Testing models of male–female conflict in a sea slug, Navanax intermis (Opisthobranchia)
    • Leonard JL, Lukowiak K. 1991. Sex and the simultaneous hermaphrodite: Testing models of male–female conflict in a sea slug, Navanax intermis (Opisthobranchia). Anim Behav 41: 255–266.
    • (1991) Anim Behav , vol.41 , pp. 255-266
    • Leonard, J.L.1    Lukowiak, K.2
  • 116
    • 84882816214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary origin and maintenance of sperm: Selection for a small, motile gamete mating type
    • (ed. Birkhead TR, Hosken DJ, Pitnick S, Academic, San Diego
    • Lessells CM, Snook RR, Hosken DJ. 2009. The evolutionary origin and maintenance of sperm: Selection for a small, motile gamete mating type. In Sperm biology: An evolutionary perspective (ed. Birkhead TR, Hosken DJ, Pitnick S), pp. 69–149. Academic, San Diego.
    • (2009) Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective , pp. 69-149
    • Lessells, C.M.1    Snook, R.R.2    Hosken, D.J.3
  • 117
    • 42049108853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A measure of sexual selection in hermaphroditic animals: Parentage skew and the opportunity for selection
    • Lorenzi MC, Sella G. 2008. A measure of sexual selection in hermaphroditic animals: Parentage skew and the opportunity for selection. J Evol Biol 21: 827–833.
    • (2008) J Evol Biol , vol.21 , pp. 827-833
    • Lorenzi, M.C.1    Sella, G.2
  • 118
    • 58149095915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple mating, sperm storage, and mating preference in Aplysia californica
    • Ludwig AN, Walsh PJ. 2008. Multiple mating, sperm storage, and mating preference in Aplysia californica. Biol Bull 215: 365–271.
    • (2008) Biol Bull , vol.215
    • Ludwig, A.N.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 119
    • 84864008088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of number of pollinations and pollen load size on maternal fitness costs in Collinsia heterophylla: Implications for existence of a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity
    • Madjidian JA, Hydbom S, Lankinen A. 2012. Influence of number of pollinations and pollen load size on maternal fitness costs in Collinsia heterophylla: Implications for existence of a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity. J Evol Biol 25: 1623–1635.
    • (2012) J Evol Biol , vol.25 , pp. 1623-1635
    • Madjidian, J.A.1    Hydbom, S.2    Lankinen, A.3
  • 120
    • 84873089671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mating status on copulatory and postcopulatory behaviour in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Marie-Orleach L, Janicke T, Schärer L. 2013. Effects of mating status on copulatory and postcopulatory behaviour in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Anim Behav 85: 453–461.
    • (2013) Anim Behav , vol.85 , pp. 453-461
    • Marie-Orleach, L.1    Janicke, T.2    Schärer, L.3
  • 121
    • 84885041374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogenic control of behavioral sex change in the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum
    • Marsh-Hunkin KE, Heinz HM, Hawkins MB, Godwin J. 2013. Estrogenic control of behavioral sex change in the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum. Integr Comp Biol 53: 951–959.
    • (2013) Integr Comp Biol , vol.53 , pp. 951-959
    • Marsh-Hunkin, K.E.1    Heinz, H.M.2    Hawkins, M.B.3    Godwin, J.4
  • 122
    • 0001871360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating conflicts and sperm competition in simultaneous hermaphrodites
    • (ed. Birkhead TR, Møller AP, Academic, San Diego
    • Michiels NK. 1998. Mating conflicts and sperm competition in simultaneous hermaphrodites. In Sperm competition and sexual selection (ed. Birkhead TR, Møller AP), pp. 219–254. Academic, San Diego.
    • (1998) Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection , pp. 219-254
    • Michiels, N.K.1
  • 123
    • 0033836525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm trading in a hermaphroditic flatworm: Reluctant fathers and sexy mothers
    • Michiels NK, Bakovski B. 2000. Sperm trading in a hermaphroditic flatworm: Reluctant fathers and sexy mothers. Anim Behav 59: 319–325.
    • (2000) Anim Behav , vol.59 , pp. 319-325
    • Michiels, N.K.1    Bakovski, B.2
  • 124
    • 33747885827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection favors harmful mating in hermaphrodites more than in gonochorists
    • Michiels NK, Koene JM. 2006. Sexual selection favors harmful mating in hermaphrodites more than in gonochorists. Integr Comp Biol46: 473–480.
    • (2006) Integr Comp Biol , vol.46 , pp. 473-480
    • Michiels, N.K.1    Koene, J.M.2
  • 125
    • 0032509988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and violence in hermaphrodites
    • Michiels NK, Newman LJ. 1998. Sex and violence in hermaphrodites. Nature391: 647.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 647
    • Michiels, N.K.1    Newman, L.J.2
  • 126
    • 0031953690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm exchange in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Michiels NK, Streng A. 1998. Sperm exchange in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Behav Ecol Sociobiol42: 171–178.
    • (1998) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.42 , pp. 171-178
    • Michiels, N.K.1    Streng, A.2
  • 127
    • 0037261985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm trading and sex roles in the hermaphroditic opisthobranch sea slug
    • Michiels NK, Raven-Yoo-Heufes A, Brockmann KK. 2003. Sperm trading and sex roles in the hermaphroditic opisthobranch sea slug Navanax inermis: Eager females or opportunistic males? Biol J Linn Soc78: 105–116.
    • (2003) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.78 , pp. 105-116
    • Michiels, N.K.1    Raven-Yoo-Heufes, A.2    Brockmann, K.K.3
  • 128
    • 31344456717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and flexibility of sex-change strategies in animals
    • Munday PL, Buston PM, Warner RR. 2006a. Diversity and flexibility of sex-change strategies in animals. Trends Ecol Evol21: 89–95.
    • (2006) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.21 , pp. 89-95
    • Munday, P.L.1    Buston, P.M.2    Warner, R.R.3
  • 129
    • 33751099834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social basis for the development of primary males in a sex-changing fish
    • Munday PL, White JW, Warner RR. 2006b. A social basis for the development of primary males in a sex-changing fish. Proc R Soc B273: 2845–2851.
    • (2006) Proc R Soc B , vol.273 , pp. 2845-2851
    • Munday, P.L.1    White, J.W.2    Warner, R.R.3
  • 130
    • 84878760628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive strategies in hermaphroditic gastropods: Conceptual and empirical approaches
    • Nakadera Y, Koene JM. 2013. Reproductive strategies in hermaphroditic gastropods: Conceptual and empirical approaches. Can J Zool91: 367–381.
    • (2013) Can J Zool , vol.91 , pp. 367-381
    • Nakadera, Y.1    Koene, J.M.2
  • 131
    • 84898773509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receipt of seminal fluid proteins causes reduction of male investment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Nakadera Y, Swart EM, Hoffer JNA, den Boon O, Ellers J, Koene JM. 2014. Receipt of seminal fluid proteins causes reduction of male investment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Curr Biol24: 859–862.
    • (2014) Curr Biol , vol.24 , pp. 859-862
    • Nakadera, Y.1    Swart, E.M.2    Hoffer, J.N.A.3    Den Boon, O.4    Ellers, J.5    Koene, J.M.6
  • 132
    • 0000500285 scopus 로고
    • Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects
    • Parker GA. 1970. Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biol Rev45: 525–567.
    • (1970) Biol Rev , vol.45 , pp. 525-567
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 133
    • 0017895463 scopus 로고
    • Selection on nonrandom fusion of gametes during evolution of anisogamy
    • Parker GA. 1978. Selection on nonrandom fusion of gametes during evolution of anisogamy J Theor Biol 73: 1–28.
    • (1978) J Theor Biol , vol.73 , pp. 1-28
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 134
    • 0002091828 scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection and sexual conflict
    • (ed. Blum MS, Blum NA, Academic, San Diego
    • Parker GA. 1979. Sexual selection and sexual conflict. In Sexual selection and reproductive competition in insects(ed. Blum MS, Blum NA), pp. 123–166. Academic, San Diego.
    • (1979) Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects , pp. 123-166
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 135
    • 33646541353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual conflict over mating and fertilisation: An overview
    • Parker GA. 2006. Sexual conflict over mating and fertilisation: An overview. Phil Trans R Soc B361: 235–260.
    • (2006) Phil Trans R Soc B , vol.361 , pp. 235-260
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 136
    • 84927114540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin and maintenance of two sexes (Anisogamy), and their gamete sizes by gamete competition
    • (ed. Togashi T, Cox PA, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Parker GA. 2011. The origin and maintenance of two sexes (anisogamy), and their gamete sizes by gamete competition. In The evolution of anisogamy: A fundamental phenomenon underlying sexual selection(ed. Togashi T, Cox PA), pp. 17–74. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2011) The Evolution of Anisogamy: A Fundamental Phenomenon Underlying Sexual Selection , pp. 17-74
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 137
    • 84905475358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sexual cascade and the rise of preejaculatory (Darwinian) sexual selection, sex roles, and sexual conflict
    • Parker GA. 2014. The sexual cascade and the rise of preejaculatory (Darwinian) sexual selection, sex roles, and sexual conflict. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Bioldoi: 10.1101/cshperspect.017509.
    • (2014) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 139
    • 0015393842 scopus 로고
    • Origin and evolution of gamete dimorphism and male-female phenomenon
    • Parker GA, Smith VGF, Baker RR. 1972. Origin and evolution of gamete dimorphism and male-female phenomenon. J Theor Biol 36: 529–553.
    • (1972) J Theor Biol , vol.36 , pp. 529-553
    • Parker, G.A.1    Smith, V.G.F.2    Baker, R.R.3
  • 140
    • 0028973868 scopus 로고
    • Primary production required to sustain global fisheries
    • Pauly D, Christensen V 1995. Primary production required to sustain global fisheries. Nature374: 255–257.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 255-257
    • Pauly, D.1    Christensen, V.2
  • 141
    • 84855268310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection without sexual dimorphism: Bateman gradients in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Pélissié B, Jarne P, David P. 2012. Sexual selection without sexual dimorphism: Bateman gradients in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Evolution66: 66–81.
    • (2012) Evolution , vol.66 , pp. 66-81
    • Pélissié, B.1    Jarne, P.2    David, P.3
  • 142
    • 2342622203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-like mating in an animal: Sexual compatibility and allocation tradeoffs in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with remote transfer of sperm
    • Pemberton AJ, Sommerfeldt AD, Wood CA, Flint HC, Noble LR, Clarke KR, Bishop JDD. 2004. Plant-like mating in an animal: Sexual compatibility and allocation tradeoffs in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with remote transfer of sperm. J Evol Biol 17: 506–518.
    • (2004) J Evol Biol , vol.17 , pp. 506-518
    • Pemberton, A.J.1    Sommerfeldt, A.D.2    Wood, C.A.3    Flint, H.C.4    Noble, L.R.5    Clarke, K.R.6    Bishop, J.D.D.7
  • 143
    • 0028981932 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive behavior, egg trading, and correlates of male mating success in the simultaneous hermaphrodite, Serranus tabacarius
    • Petersen CW 1995. Reproductive behavior, egg trading, and correlates of male mating success in the simultaneous hermaphrodite, Serranus tabacarius. Env Biol Fish43: 351–361.
    • (1995) Env Biol Fish , vol.43 , pp. 351-361
    • Petersen, C.W.1
  • 144
    • 33747892051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection and reproductive success in hermaphroditic seabasses
    • Petersen CW. 2006. Sexual selection and reproductive success in hermaphroditic seabasses. Integr Comp Biol46: 439–448.
    • (2006) Integr Comp Biol , vol.46 , pp. 439-448
    • Petersen, C.W.1
  • 145
    • 0033911346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criteria for demonstrating female sperm choice
    • Pitnick S, Brown WD. 2000. Criteria for demonstrating female sperm choice. Evolution54: 1052–1056.
    • (2000) Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 1052-1056
    • Pitnick, S.1    Brown, W.D.2
  • 146
    • 67650264380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmful mating tactics in hermaphrodites
    • Preece T, Mao Y, Garrahan JP, Davison A. 2009. Harmful mating tactics in hermaphrodites. Am Nat173: 632–639.
    • (2009) Am Nat , vol.173 , pp. 632-639
    • Preece, T.1    Mao, Y.2    Garrahan, J.P.3    Davison, A.4
  • 147
    • 0019733642 scopus 로고
    • Pair formation and joint territoriality in a simultaneous hermaphrodite: The coral reef fish Serranus tigrinus
    • Pressley PH. 1981. Pair formation and joint territoriality in a simultaneous hermaphrodite: The coral reef fish Serranus tigrinus. Z Tierpsychol56: 33–46.
    • (1981) Z Tierpsychol , vol.56 , pp. 33-46
    • Pressley, P.H.1
  • 148
    • 0036829974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mate-search efficiency can determine the evolution of separate sexes and the stability of hermaphroditism in animals
    • Puurtinen M, Kaitala V. 2002. Mate-search efficiency can determine the evolution of separate sexes and the stability of hermaphroditism in animals. Am Nat160: 645–660.
    • (2002) Am Nat , vol.160 , pp. 645-660
    • Puurtinen, M.1    Kaitala, V.2
  • 150
    • 37149036408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of mating behavior in slugs of the genus
    • Reise H. 2007. A review of mating behavior in slugs of the genus Deroceras (Pulmonata: Agriolimacidae). Am Malacol Bull 23: 137–156.
    • (2007) Am Malacol bull , vol.23 , pp. 137-156
    • Reise, H.1
  • 151
    • 34447134051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating behaviour in the terrestrial slug Deroceras gorgonium: Is extreme morphology associated with extreme behaviour?
    • Reise H, Visser S, Hutchinson JMC. 2007. Mating behaviour in the terrestrial slug Deroceras gorgonium: Is extreme morphology associated with extreme behaviour? Anim Biol57: 197–215.
    • (2007) Anim Biol , vol.57 , pp. 197-215
    • Reise, H.1    Visser, S.2    Hutchinson, J.M.C.3
  • 152
    • 0001215980 scopus 로고
    • Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants
    • Renner SS, Ricklefs RE. 1995. Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants. Am J Bot82: 596–606.
    • (1995) Am J Bot , vol.82 , pp. 596-606
    • Renner, S.S.1    Ricklefs, R.E.2
  • 153
    • 0034771855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersexual ontogenetic conflict
    • Rice WR, Chippindale AK. 2001. Intersexual ontogenetic conflict. J Evol Biol14: 685–693.
    • (2001) J Evol Biol , vol.14 , pp. 685-693
    • Rice, W.R.1    Chippindale, A.K.2
  • 154
    • 0030753643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enemies within: Intergenomic conflict, interlocus contest evolution (ICE), and the intraspecific Red Queen
    • Rice WR, Holland B. 1997. The enemies within: Intergenomic conflict, interlocus contest evolution (ICE), and the intraspecific Red Queen. Behav Ecol Sociobiol41: 1–10.
    • (1997) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.41 , pp. 1-10
    • Rice, W.R.1    Holland, B.2
  • 156
    • 84889596115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferring the ancestral sexuality and reproductive condition in sponges (Porifera)
    • Riesgo A, Novo M, Sharma PP, Peterson M, Maldonado M, Giribet G. 2014. Inferring the ancestral sexuality and reproductive condition in sponges (Porifera). Zool Scr43: 1–17.
    • (2014) Zool Scr , vol.43 , pp. 1-17
    • Riesgo, A.1    Novo, M.2    Sharma, P.P.3    Peterson, M.4    Maldonado, M.5    Giribet, G.6
  • 157
    • 0000810194 scopus 로고
    • Social control of sex reversal in a coral reef fish
    • Robertson DR. 1972. Social control of sex reversal in a coral reef fish. Science177: 1007–1009.
    • (1972) Science , vol.177 , pp. 1007-1009
    • Robertson, D.R.1
  • 158
    • 0034929807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dart receipt promotes sperm storage in the garden snail Helix aspersa
    • Rogers DW, Chase R. 2001. Dart receipt promotes sperm storage in the garden snail Helix aspersa. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 50: 122–127.
    • (2001) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.50 , pp. 122-127
    • Rogers, D.W.1    Chase, R.2
  • 159
    • 0036764973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of paternity in the garden snail Helix aspersa
    • Rogers DW, Chase R. 2002. Determinants of paternity in the garden snail Helix aspersa. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 52: 289–295.
    • (2002) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.52 , pp. 289-295
    • Rogers, D.W.1    Chase, R.2
  • 160
    • 17644388820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escalation, retreat, and female indifference as alternative outcomes of sexually antagonistic coevolution
    • Rowe L, Cameron E, Day T 2005. Escalation, retreat, and female indifference as alternative outcomes of sexually antagonistic coevolution. Am Nat165: S5–S18.
    • (2005) Am Nat , vol.165 , pp. SS5-S18
    • Rowe, L.1    Cameron, E.2    Day, T.3
  • 162
    • 70349882001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection is involved in speciation in a land snail radiation on Crete
    • Sauer J, Hausdorf B. 2009. Sexual selection is involved in speciation in a land snail radiation on Crete. Evolution63: 2535–2546.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 2535-2546
    • Sauer, J.1    Hausdorf, B.2
  • 163
    • 66249099196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of sex allocation theory in simultaneously hermaphroditic animals
    • Schärer L. 2009. Tests of sex allocation theory in simultaneously hermaphroditic animals. Evolution63: 1377–1405.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 1377-1405
    • Schärer, L.1
  • 164
    • 84915733288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution: Don’t be so butch, dear!
    • Schärer L. 2014. Evolution: Don’t be so butch, dear! Curr Biol24: R311–R313.
    • (2014) Curr Biol , vol.24 , pp. R311-R313
    • Schärer, L.1
  • 165
    • 66249104780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation and sexual conflict in simultaneously hermaphroditic animals
    • Schärer L, Janicke T. 2009. Sex allocation and sexual conflict in simultaneously hermaphroditic animals. Biol Lett5: 705–708.
    • (2009) Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 705-708
    • Schärer, L.1    Janicke, T.2
  • 166
    • 84879469026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation and investment into pre- and postcopulatory traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites: The role of polyandry and local sperm competition
    • Schärer L, Pen I. 2013. Sex allocation and investment into pre- and postcopulatory traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites: The role of polyandry and local sperm competition. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B368: 20120052.
    • (2013) Phil Trans R Soc Lond B , vol.368
    • Schärer, L.1    Pen, I.2
  • 167
    • 0035110629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite parasite
    • Schärer L, Karlsson LM, Christen M, Wedekind C. 2001. Size-dependent sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite parasite. J Evol Biol14: 55–67.
    • (2001) J Evol Biol , vol.14 , pp. 55-67
    • Schärer, L.1    Karlsson, L.M.2    Christen, M.3    Wedekind, C.4
  • 168
    • 4344632264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating behaviour of the marine turbellarian Macrostomum sp.: These worms suck
    • Schärer L, Joss G, Sandner P. 2004. Mating behaviour of the marine turbellarian Macrostomum sp.: These worms suck. Mar Biol 145: 373–380.
    • (2004) Mar Biol , vol.145 , pp. 373-380
    • Schärer, L.1    Joss, G.2    Sandner, P.3
  • 170
    • 84859985739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisogamy chance and the evolution of sex roles
    • Schärer L, Rowe L, Arnqvist G. 2012. Anisogamy chance and the evolution of sex roles. Trends Ecol Evol27: 260–264.
    • (2012) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.27 , pp. 260-264
    • Schärer, L.1    Rowe, L.2    Arnqvist, G.3
  • 171
    • 34547690919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating behaviour in the sea slug
    • Schmitt V, Anthes N, Michiels NK. 2007. Mating behaviour in the sea slug Elysia timida (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa): Hypodermic injection, sperm transfer and balanced reciprocity. Front Zool4: 17.
    • (2007) Front Zool , vol.4 , pp. 17
    • Schmitt, V.1    Anthes, N.2    Michiels, N.K.3
  • 172
    • 0026049865 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits of female
    • Schultz ET, Warner RR. 1991. Phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits of female Thalassoma bifasciatum (Pisces: Labridae): 2. Correlation of fecundity and growth rate in comparative studies. Env Biol Fish30: 333–344.
    • (1991) Env Biol Fish , vol.30 , pp. 333-344
    • Schultz, E.T.1    Warner, R.R.2
  • 173
    • 84874145055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disposable penis and its replenishment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
    • Sekizawa A, Seki S, Tokuzato M, Shiga S, Nakashima Y. 2013. Disposable penis and its replenishment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Biol Lett9: 20121150.
    • (2013) Biol Lett , vol.9
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Seki, S.2    Tokuzato, M.3    Shiga, S.4    Nakashima, Y.5
  • 174
    • 0001633437 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal egg trading and brood care in a simultaneous polychaete worm
    • Sella G. 1985. Reciprocal egg trading and brood care in a simultaneous polychaete worm. Anim Behav33: 938–944.
    • (1985) Anim Behav , vol.33 , pp. 938-944
    • Sella, G.1
  • 175
    • 0000518695 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocation, reproductive success, and safeguards against cheating in a hermaphroditic polycheate worm
    • Sella G. 1988. Reciprocation, reproductive success, and safeguards against cheating in a hermaphroditic polycheate worm, Ophryotrocha diadema Åkesson, 1976. Biol Bull175: 212–217.
    • (1988) Biol Bull , vol.175 , pp. 212-217
    • Sella, G.1
  • 176
    • 6744263829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partner fidelity and egg reciprocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worm Ophryotrocha diadema
    • Sella G, Lorenzi MC. 2000. Partner fidelity and egg reciprocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worm Ophryotrocha diadema. Behav Ecol11:260–264.
    • (2000) Behav Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 260-264
    • Sella, G.1    Lorenzi, M.C.2
  • 177
    • 0033562158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual conflict and mating systems in the dorvilleid genus Ophryotrocha and the dinophilid genus Dinophilus
    • Sella G, Ramella L. 1999. Sexual conflict and mating systems in the dorvilleid genus Ophryotrocha and the dinophilid genus Dinophilus. Hydrobiologia402: 203–213.
    • (1999) Hydrobiologia , vol.402 , pp. 203-213
    • Sella, G.1    Ramella, L.2
  • 178
    • 0030618882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egg trading in the simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worm
    • Sella G, Premoli MC, Turri F. 1997. Egg trading in the simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worm Ophryotrocha gracilis (Huth). Behav Ecol8: 83–86.
    • (1997) Behav Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 83-86
    • Sella, G.1    Premoli, M.C.2    Turri, F.3
  • 180
    • 84922572633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual conflict and seminal fluid proteins: A dynamic landscape of sexual interactions
    • Sirot LK, Wong A, Chapman T, Wolfner MF. 2014. Sexual conflict and seminal fluid proteins: A dynamic landscape of sexual interactions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Bioldoi: 10.1101/cshperspect.017533.
    • (2014) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
    • Sirot, L.K.1    Wong, A.2    Chapman, T.3    Wolfner, M.F.4
  • 181
    • 0002185771 scopus 로고
    • Sperm resorption in triclads (Platyhel-minthes, Tricladida)
    • Sluys R. 1989. Sperm resorption in triclads (Platyhel-minthes, Tricladida). Invertebr Reprod Dev 15: 89–95.
    • (1989) Invertebr Reprod Dev , vol.15 , pp. 89-95
    • Sluys, R.1
  • 182
    • 65349185542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for costs of mating and self-fertilization in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with hypodermic insemination, the opis-thobranch Alderia willowi
    • Smolensky N, Romero MR, Krug PJ. 2009. Evidence for costs of mating and self-fertilization in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with hypodermic insemination, the opis-thobranch Alderia willowi. Biol Bull 216: 188–199.
    • (2009) Biol Bull , vol.216 , pp. 188-199
    • Smolensky, N.1    Romero, M.R.2    Krug, P.J.3
  • 183
    • 44849137745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural female mating rate maximizes hatchling size in a marine invertebrate
    • Sprenger D, Faber J, Michiels NK, Anthes N. 2008. Natural female mating rate maximizes hatchling size in a marine invertebrate. J Anim Ecol 77: 696–701.
    • (2008) J Anim Ecol , vol.77 , pp. 696-701
    • Sprenger, D.1    Faber, J.2    Michiels, N.K.3    Anthes, N.4
  • 185
    • 0020870605 scopus 로고
    • Cryptic female choice and its implications in the scorpionfly Harpobittacus nigriceps
    • Thornhill R. 1983. Cryptic female choice and its implications in the scorpionfly Harpobittacus nigriceps. Am Nat 122: 765–788.
    • (1983) Am Nat , vol.122 , pp. 765-788
    • Thornhill, R.1
  • 187
    • 0013904552 scopus 로고
    • The advantage of hermaphroditism and parthenogenesis
    • Tomlinson J. 1966. The advantage of hermaphroditism and parthenogenesis. J Theor Biol 11: 54–58.
    • (1966) J Theor Biol , vol.11 , pp. 54-58
    • Tomlinson, J.1
  • 188
    • 85068409711 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and sexual selection
    • (ed. Campbell B, Aldine, Chicago
    • Trivers RL. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871–1971 (ed. Campbell B), pp. 136–179. Aldine, Chicago.
    • (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871–1971 , pp. 136
    • Trivers, R.L.1
  • 189
    • 77957211866 scopus 로고
    • Parent-offspring conflict
    • Trivers RL. 1974. Parent-offspring conflict. Amer Zool 14: 249–264.
    • (1974) Amer Zool , vol.14 , pp. 249-264
    • Trivers, R.L.1
  • 190
    • 0031935896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The function of nuptial feeding in insects: A review of empirical studies
    • Vahed K. 1998. The function of nuptial feeding in insects: A review of empirical studies. Biol Rev 73: 43–78.
    • (1998) Biol Rev , vol.73 , pp. 43-78
    • Vahed, K.1
  • 191
    • 0002097682 scopus 로고
    • Multiple mating suppresses fecundity in the hermaphrodite freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis: A laboratory study
    • Van Duivenboden YA, Pieneman AW, ter Maat A. 1985. Multiple mating suppresses fecundity in the hermaphrodite freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis: A laboratory study. Anim Behav 33: 1184–1191.
    • (1985) Anim Behav , vol.33 , pp. 1184-1191
    • Van Duivenboden, Y.A.1    Pieneman, A.W.2    Ter Maat, A.3
  • 192
    • 40549084652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brainless but not clueless: Earthworms boost their ejaculates when they detect fecund non-virgin partners
    • Velando A, Eiroa J, Domínguez J. 2008. Brainless but not clueless: Earthworms boost their ejaculates when they detect fecund non-virgin partners. Proc R Soc B 275: 1067–1072.
    • (2008) Proc R Soc B , vol.275 , pp. 1067-1072
    • Velando, A.1    Eiroa, J.2    Domínguez, J.3
  • 193
    • 75649102853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goings-on inside a worm: Functional hypotheses derived from sexual conflict thinking
    • Vizoso DB, Rieger G, Schärer L. 2010. Goings-on inside a worm: Functional hypotheses derived from sexual conflict thinking. Biol J Linn Soc 99: 370–383.
    • (2010) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.99 , pp. 370-383
    • Vizoso, D.B.1    Rieger, G.2    Schärer, L.3
  • 194
    • 0030829161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flatworms flatten to size up each other
    • Vreys C, Michiels NK. 1997. Flatworms flatten to size up each other. Proc R Soc B 264: 1559–1564.
    • (1997) Proc R Soc B , vol.264 , pp. 1559-1564
    • Vreys, C.1    Michiels, N.K.2
  • 195
    • 0016663704 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of sequential hermaphroditism in animals
    • Warner RR. 1975. The adaptive significance of sequential hermaphroditism in animals. Am Nat 109: 61–82.
    • (1975) Am Nat , vol.109 , pp. 61-82
    • Warner, R.R.1
  • 196
    • 0021579155 scopus 로고
    • Deferred reproduction as a response to sexual selection in a coral reef fish: A test of the life historical consequences
    • Warner RR. 1984. Deferred reproduction as a response to sexual selection in a coral reef fish: A test of the life historical consequences. Evolution 38: 148–162.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 148-162
    • Warner, R.R.1
  • 197
    • 0001634370 scopus 로고
    • Local population size as a determinant of mating system and sexual composition in two tropical marine fishes (Thalassoma spp.)
    • Warner RR, Hoffman SG. 1980. Local population size as a determinant of mating system and sexual composition in two tropical marine fishes (Thalassoma spp.). Evolution 34: 508–518.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 508-518
    • Warner, R.R.1    Hoffman, S.G.2
  • 198
    • 0026314166 scopus 로고
    • Social control of sex change in the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum (Pisces: Labridae)
    • Warner RR, Swearer SE. 1991. Social control of sex change in the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum (Pisces: Labridae). Biol Bull 181: 199–204.
    • (1991) Biol Bull , vol.181 , pp. 199-204
    • Warner, R.R.1    Swearer, S.E.2
  • 199
    • 0029504954 scopus 로고
    • Sexual conflict: Males with highest mating success convey the lowest fertilization benefits to females
    • Warner RR, Shapiro DY, Marconato A, Petersen CW. 1995. Sexual conflict: Males with highest mating success convey the lowest fertilization benefits to females. Proc R Soc Lond B 262: 135–139.
    • (1995) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.262 , pp. 135-139
    • Warner, R.R.1    Shapiro, D.Y.2    Marconato, A.3    Petersen, C.W.4
  • 200
    • 84870564575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of androdioecy and gynodioecy in mediating evolutionary transitions between dioecy and hermaphroditism in the Animalia
    • Weeks SC. 2012. The role of androdioecy and gynodioecy in mediating evolutionary transitions between dioecy and hermaphroditism in the Animalia. Evolution 66: 3670–3686.
    • (2012) Evolution , vol.66 , pp. 3670-3686
    • Weeks, S.C.1
  • 201
    • 65249153895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • West SA. 2009. Sex allocation. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (2009) Sex allocation
    • West, S.A.1
  • 202
    • 0033158137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure and functional significance of intestinojunctional spermathecae in enchytraeids (Oligochaeta, Annelida)
    • Westheide W. 1999. Ultrastructure and functional significance of intestinojunctional spermathecae in enchytraeids (Oligochaeta, Annelida). Hydrobiologia 406: 199–211.
    • (1999) Hydrobiologia , vol.406 , pp. 199-211
    • Westheide, W.1
  • 203
    • 0030442603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender choice and gender conflict in a non-reciprocally mating simultaneous hermaphrodite, the freshwater snail, Physa
    • Wethington AR, Dillon RT Jr. 1996. Gender choice and gender conflict in a non-reciprocally mating simultaneous hermaphrodite, the freshwater snail, Physa. Anim Behav 51: 1107–1118.
    • (1996) Anim Behav , vol.51 , pp. 1107-1118
    • Wethington, A.R.1    Dillon, R.T.2
  • 204
    • 84855906758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm as a paternal investment: A model of sex allocation in sperm-digesting hermaphrodites
    • Yamaguchi S, Sawada K, Nakashima Y, Takahashi S. 2012. Sperm as a paternal investment: A model of sex allocation in sperm-digesting hermaphrodites. Theor Ecol 5: 99–103.
    • (2012) Theor Ecol , vol.5 , pp. 99-103
    • Yamaguchi, S.1    Sawada, K.2    Nakashima, Y.3    Takahashi, S.4
  • 205
    • 0030616566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history variation in a colonial ascidian: Broad-sense heritabilities and tradeoffs in allocation to asexual growth and male and female reproduction
    • Yund PO, Marcum Y, Stewart-Savage J. 1997. Life-history variation in a colonial ascidian: Broad-sense heritabilities and tradeoffs in allocation to asexual growth and male and female reproduction. Biol Bull 192: 290–299.
    • (1997) Biol Bull , vol.192 , pp. 290-299
    • Yund, P.O.1    Marcum, Y.2    Stewart-Savage, J.3
  • 206
    • 84899071845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative delivery of male accessory gland products
    • Zizzari ZV, Smolders I, Koene JM. 2014. Alternative delivery of male accessory gland products. Front Zool 11: 32.
    • (2014) Front Zool , vol.11 , pp. 32
    • Zizzari, Z.V.1    Smolders, I.2    Koene, J.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.