Improvement of photoluminescence and lasing properties in ZnO submicron spheres by elimination of surface-trapped state

Optics Express

Volumn 22, Issue 22, 2014, Pages 27169-27174

  Dai, Tsen Fang ^a   Hsu, Wei Chih ^a   Hsu, Hsu Cheng ^a  

^a NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNEALING; EXCITONS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SOL-GEL PROCESS; TEMPERATURE; ZINC OXIDE;

ANNEALED TEMPERATURE; DONOR-BOUND EXCITON; EXCITONIC EMISSION; LASING PROPERTIES; LASING THRESHOLD; LOW TEMPERATURES; PULSED EXCITATION; ROOM TEMPERATURE;

X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 84919969274     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.027169     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshchikov, S. Doʇan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, "A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices," J. Appl. Phys. 98(4), 041301 (2005).
2. N. H. Nickel and E. Terukov, Zinc oxide-a material for micro- and optoelectronics applications (Springer, 2005).
3. C. Zhang, F. Zhang, T. Xia, N. Kumar, J. I. Hahm, J. Liu, Z. L. Wang, and J. Xu, "Low-threshold two-photon pumped ZnO nanowire lasers," Opt. Express 17(10), 7893-7900 (2009).
4. S. Chu, G. Wang, W. Zhou, Y. Lin, L. Chernyak, J. Zhao, J. Kong, L. Li, J. Ren, and J. Liu, "Electrically pumped waveguide lasing from ZnO nanowires," Nat. Nanotechnol. 6(8), 506-510 (2011).
5. W. J. E. Beek, M. M. Wienk, M. Kemerink, X. Yang, and R. A. J. Janssen, "Hybrid zinc oxide conjugated polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells," J. Phys. Chem. B 109(19), 9505-9516 (2005).
6. H. M. Cheng and W. F. Hsieh, "High-efficiency metal-free organic-dye-sensitized solar cells with hierarchical ZnO photoelectrode," Energy Environ. Sci. 3(4), 442-447 (2010).
7. Z. Zang, A. Nakamura, and J. Temmyo, "Single cuprous oxide films synthesized by radical oxidation at low temperature for PV application," Opt. Express 21(9), 11448-11456 (2013).
8. H. Cao, Y. G. Zhao, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, Q. H. Wang, and R. P. H. Chang, "Random laser action in semiconductor powder," Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(11), 2278-2281 (1999).
9. D. S. Wiersma and S. Cavalieri, "Light emission: A temperature-tunable random laser," Nature 414(6865), 708-709 (2001).
10. B. Redding, M. A. Choma, and H. Cao, "Speckle-free laser imaging using random laser illumination," Nat. Photonics 6(6), 355-359 (2012).
11. X. Ma, J. Pan, P. Chen, D. Li, H. Zhang, Y. Yang, and D. Yang, "Room temperature electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO nanorod arrays on Si," Opt. Express 17(16), 14426-14433 (2009).
12. Q. Li, K. Gao, Z. G. Hu, W. L. Yu, N. Xu, J. Sun, and J. D. Wu, "Photoluminescence and lasing properties of catalyst-free ZnO nanorod arrays fabricated by pulsed laser deposition," J. Phys. Chem. C 116(3), 2330-2335 (2012).
13. N. Xu, Y. Cui, Z. Hu, W. L. Yu, J. Sun, N. Xu, and J. D. Wu, "Photoluminescence and low-threshold lasing of ZnO nanorod arrays," Opt. Express 20(14), 14857-14863 (2012).
14. E. S. Jang, X. Chen, J. H. Won, J. H. Chung, D. J. Jang, Y. W. Kim, and J. H. Choy, "Soft-solution route to ZnO nanowall array with low threshold power density," Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(4), 043109 (2010).
15. H. Y. Yang, S. P. Lau, S. F. Yu, A. P. Abiyasa, M. Tanemura, T. Okita, and H. Hatano, "High-temperature random lasing in ZnO nanoneedles," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(1), 011103 (2006).
16. C. H. Lu, T. Y. Chao, Y. F. Chiu, S. Y. Tseng, and H. C. Hsu, "Enhanced optical confinement and lasing characteristics of individual urchin-like ZnO microstructures prepared by oxidation of metallic Zn," Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9(1), 178 (2014).
17. K. Okazaki, D. Nakamura, M. Higashihata, P. Iyamperumal, and T. Okada, "Lasing characteristics of an optically pumped single ZnO nanosheet," Opt. Express 19(21), 20389-20394 (2011).
18. J. K. Dangbégnon, K. Talla, and J. R. Botha, "Effect of the annealing environment on the optical properties of ZnO/GaAs grown by MOCVD," J. Lumin. 131(12), 2457-2462 (2011).
19. Y. W. Heo, V. Varadarjan, M. Kaufman, K. Kim, D. P. Norton, F. Ren, and P. H. Fleming, "Site-specific growth of Zno nanorods using catalysis-driven molecular-beam epitaxy," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(16), 3046-3048 (2002).
20. S. K. Lee and J. Y. Son, "Epitaxial growth of thin films and nanodots of ZnO on Si(111) by pulsed laser deposition," Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(13), 132109 (2012).
21. J. H. Lim, C. K. Kang, K. K. Kim, I. K. Park, D. K. Hwang, and S. J. Park, "UV electroluminescence emission from ZnO light-emitting diodes grown by high-temperature radiofrequency sputtering," Adv. Mater. 18(20), 2720-2724 (2006).
22. S. Y. Park, B. J. Kim, K. Kim, M. S. Kang, K. H. Lim, T. I. Lee, J. M. Myoung, H. K. Baik, J. H. Cho, and Y. S. Kim, "Low-temperature, solution-processed and alkali metal doped ZnO for high-performance thin-film transistors," Adv. Mater. 24(6), 834-838 (2012).
23. H. C. Hsu, H. Y. Huang, M. O. Eriksson, T. F. Dai, and P. O. Holtz, "Surface related and intrinsic exciton recombination dynamics in ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a sol-gel method," Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(1), 013109 (2013).
24. B. Y. Ahn, D. Shoji, C. J. Hansen, E. Hong, D. C. Dunand, and J. A. Lewis, "Printed origami structures," Adv. Mater. 22(20), 2251-2254 (2010).
25. N. M. Lawandy, "'Paint-on Lasers' light the way for new technologies photonics," Spectra 28(7), 119-124 (1994).
26. X. H. Wu, A. Yamilov, H. Noh, H. Cao, E. W. Seelig, and R. P. H. Chang, "Random lasing in closely packed resonant scatterers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21(1), 159-167 (2004).
27. K. F. Lin, H. M. Cheng, H. C. Hsu, L. J. Lin, and W. F. Hsieh, "Band gap variation of size-controlled ZnO quantum dots synthesized by sol-gel method," Chem. Phys. Lett. 409(4-6), 208-211 (2005).
28. S. F. Yu, C. Yuen, S. P. Lau, W. I. Park, and G. C. Yi, "Random laser action in ZnO nanorod arrays embedded in ZnO epilayers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(17), 3241-3243 (2004).
29. H. C. Hsu, C. Y. Wu, and W. F. Hsieh, "Stimulated emission and lasing of random growth-oriented ZnO nanowires," J. Appl. Phys. 97(6), 064315 (2005).
30. K. Firdaus, T. Nakamura, and S. Adachi, "Improved lasing characteristics of ZnO/organic-dye random laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(17), 171101 (2012).
31. 3 nanopowders," Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(23), 231105 (2011).
32. M. Biswas, Y. S. Jung, H. K. Kim, K. Kumar, G. J. Hughes, S. Newcomb, M. O. Henry, and E. McGlynn, "Microscopic origins of the surface exciton photoluminescence peak in ZnO nanostructures," Phys. Rev. B 83(23), 235320 (2011).
33. 3 core-shell nanowires," Nanotechnology 19(30), 305202 (2008).
34. R. Chen, Q. L. Ye, T. He, V. D. Ta, Y. Ying, Y. Y. Tay, T. Wu, and H. Sun, "Exciton localization and optical properties improvement in nanocrystal-embedded ZnO core-shell nanowires," Nano Lett. 13(2), 734-739 (2013).
35. M. Chen, X. Wang, Y. H. Yu, Z. L. Pei, X. D. Bai, C. Sun, R. F. Huang, and L. S. Wen, "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and auger electron spectroscopy studies of Al-doped ZnO films," Appl. Surf. Sci. 158(1-2), 134-140 (2000).
36. A. B. Djurisic, Y. H. Leung, K. H. Tam, Y. F. Hsu, L. Ding, W. K. Ge, Y. C. Zhong, K. S. Wong, W. K. Chan, H. L. Tam, K. W. Cheah, W. M. Kwok, and D. L. Phillips, "Defect emissions in ZnO nanostructures," Nanotechnology 18(9), 095702 (2007).