Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System

Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-640

  Bartels, Lorand ^a   Ortino, Federico ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b BRITISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Custom unions; Free trade agreements; Public international law; Regional trade agreements; World trade organization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84919543081     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206995.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (266)

1. Abbott, F., Law and Policy of Regional Integration: The NAFTA and Western Hemispheric Integration in the World Trade Organization System (Dordrecht, London: Martinus Nijhoff, 1995).
2. Abbott, F., 'The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health and the Contradictory Trend in Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements' (2004) QUNO Occasional Paper 14.
3. Abbott, F., 'Toward a New Era of Objective Assessment in the Field of TRIPS and Variable Geometry for the Preservation of Multilateralism' (2005) 8 JIEL 77.
4. Acharya, A., 'How Ideas Spread: Whose Norms Matter? Norm Localization and Institutional Change in Asian Regionalism' (2004) 58 Int Org 239.
5. Acharya, A., 'Ideas, Identity, and Institution-building: From the "ASEAN Way" to the "Asia-Pacific Way"?' (1997) 10 Pac Rev 319.
6. Afilalo, A., 'Towards a Common Law of International Investment: How NAFTA Chapter 11 Panels Should Solve Their Legitimacy Crisis' (2004) 17 Geo Int Envtl L Rev 51.
7. Anand, R.P., 'Role of the "New" Asian-African Countries in the Present International Legal Order' (1962) 56 AJIL 383.
8. ASEAN Secretariat, Annual Report 2004-2005, available at www.aseansec.org/AR05/TOC.pdf (visited 30 May 2006).
9. Ashiagbor, D., 'Soft Harmonisation: The Open Method of Co-ordination in the European Employment Strategy' (2004) 10 EPL 305.
10. Atik, J., 'Repenser NAFTA Chapter 11: A Catalogue of Legitimacy Critiques' (2003) 3 Asper Rev Int Bus & Trade L 215.
11. Banks, K. 'Civil Society and the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation', in J. Kirton and V. Maclaren (eds), Linking Trade, Environment and Social Cohesion: NAFTA Experiences, Global Challenges (Aldershot:Ashgate, 2002).
12. Barr, J., 'Final Analytical Framework to Assess the Environmental Effects of NAFTA', in WWF and Fundación Futuro Latinoamericano, The International Experts' Meeting on Sustainability Assessments of Trade Liberalisation-Quito, Ecuador 6-8 March 2000, Full Meeting Report (Gland: WWF, 2000).
13. Bartels, L., Human Rights Conditionality in the EU's International Agreements (Oxford: OUP, 2005).
14. Bartels, L., 'The Legality of the EC Mutual Recognition Clause under WTO Law' (2005) 8 JIEL 691.
15. Baucus, M., 'A New Trade Strategy: The Case for Bilateral Agreements' (1989) 22 Cornell Int L J 1.
16. Bhagwati, J., The World Trading System at Risk (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1991).
17. Bhagwati, J., 'Reshaping the WTO' (2005) 168 FEER 25.
18. Bhagwati, J., and Krueger, A.O., The Dangerous Drift to Preferential Trade Agreements (Washington DC: AEI Press, 1995).
19. Blanco, H., 'Evaluación de la Sustentabilidad de los Acuerdos Comerciales y su Aplicación en el Contexto Latinoamericano y del ALCA', in H. Blanco, M. Araya, and C. Murillo, ALCA y Medio Ambiente: Ideas desde Latinoamerica (Santiago de Chile: CIPMA / GETS / CINPE, 2003).
20. Bøås, M. et al., 'The Political Economy of New Regionalisms' (1999) 20 TWQ 897.
21. Brenton, P., 'Rules of Origin in Free Trade Agreements' (2003) Trade Note 4 (World Bank, 2000).
22. Breslin, S. et al. (eds), New Regionalisms in the Global Political Economy (London: Routledge, 2002).
23. Brownlie, I., 'Problems Concerning the Unity of International Law', in P. Lamberti Zanardi et al. (eds), International Law at the Time of its Codification: Essays in Honour of Roberto Ago, Volume 1 (Milan: Giuffrè, 1987).
24. Brusick, P. et al. (eds), 'Competition Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements: How to Assure Development Gains', UNCTAD Doc. UNCTAD/DITC/CLP/2005/1 (2005).
25. Burfisher, M.E. et al., Regionalism: Old and New, Theory and Practice (International Food Policy Research Institute, February 2004).
26. Burfisher, M.E., Robinson S. and Thierfelder K., et al. 'The Impact of NAFTA on the United States' (2001) 15 J Econ Perspect 125.
27. Byung-Woon, L., 'Building the Northeast Asian Community' (2004) 11 Ind J Global Legal Studies 257.
28. Canada-Chile Agreement on Labour Cooperation, First Annual Report (July 1997-June 1998), available at www110.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/doc/ialc-cidt/eng/e/backen.htm (visited 30 May 2006).
29. Canada-Chile Agreement on Labour Cooperation, Ministerial Council Report on the Three-Year Review of the Canada-Chile Agreement on Labour Cooperation (December 2002), available at www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/lp/spila/ialc/2003_2004/02canada_chili_agreement.shtml (visited 30 May 2006).
30. Canadian Parliament, Report of the Sub-Committee on International Trade Disputes and Investment and assigned it the responsibility of examining a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), available at www.parl.gc.ca/infocomdoc/36/2/fait/studies/reports/faitrp01-e.htm (visited 30 May 2006).
31. Cardenas, E.J. and Tempesta G., 'Arbitral Awards under Mercosur's Dispute Settlement Mechanism' (2001) 4 JIEL 337.
32. Carrillo-Tudela, C. and Li, C.A., 'Trade Blocks and the Gravity Model: Evidence from Latin American Countries' (2004) 19 J Econ Integration 667.
33. Cavazos Villanueva G., and Martinez Serna L.F., 'Private Parties in the NAFTA Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: The Mexican Experience' (2003) 77 Tul L Rev 1017.
34. Cernat, L., 'Assessing Regional Trade Arrangements: Are South-South RTAs More Trade Diverting?', UNCTAD Doc. UNCTAD/ITCD/TAB/17 (2001).
35. Charney, J., 'Is International Law Threatened by Multiple International Tribunals?' (1998) 271 Recueil des Cours 101.
36. Charney, J., 'The Impact of the International Law System of the Growth of International Courts and Tribunals' (1999) 31 NYU J Int L & Pol 697.
37. Charny, D., 'Competition among Jurisdictions in Formulating Corporate Law Rules: An American Perspective on the "Race to the Bottom" in the European Communities' (1991) 32 Harv Int L J 423.
38. Chase, K., 'Multilateralism Compromised: The Mysterious Origins of GATT Article XXIV' (2006) 5 WTR 1.
39. Chirathivat, S., 'ASEAN-China Free Trade Area: Background, Implications and Future Development' (2002) 13 J Asian Econ 671.
40. Choi, W., 'Regional Economic Integration in East Asia: Prospect and Jurisprudence' (2003) 6 JIEL 49.
41. Clarke, J., 'Mutual Recognition Agreements' (1996) 2 ITL Rev 31.
42. Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Analytic Framework for Assessing the Environmental Effects of the NAFTA (Montreal: CEC, 1999).
43. Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Assessing Environmental Effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)-An Analytic Framework (Phase II) and Issue Studies (Montreal: CEC 1999).
44. Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Building a Framework for Assessing NAFTA Environmental Effects (Montreal: CEC, 1996).
45. Cooper, J.M., (comment), 'NAFTA's Rules of Origin and Its Effects on the North American Automotive Industry' (1994) 14 NW J Int L & Bus 442.
46. Corbin, H., 'The Proposed United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement:Reconciling Free Trade and Environmental Protection' (2003) 14 Colo J Int Envtl L & Policy 119.
47. Corbin, H., 'Enhancing Social and Environmental Cooperation in the Americas', in M.C. Cordonier Segger and M. Leichner Reynal (eds), Beyond the Barricades:The Americas Trade and Sustainability Agenda (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005).
48. Corbin, H., 'Sustainable Development in the Negotiation of the FTAA' (2004) 27 Fordham Int LJ 1118.
49. Cordonier Segger M.C. and Khalfan, A. Sustainable Development Law:Principles, Practices and Prospects (Oxford: OUP, 2004).
50. Cordonier Segger M.C. and Khalfan, A. et al., Ecological Rules and Sustainability in the Americas (Winnipeg:IISD/UNEP, 2002).
51. Cordonier Segger M.C. and Khalfan, A. et al., Social Rules and Sustainability in the Americas (Winnipeg: IISD/OAS, 2004).
52. Cordonier Segger M.C. and Khalfan, A. et al., Trade Rules and Sustainability in the Americas (Winnipeg: IISD, 1999).
53. Cottier, T., 'The Challenge of Regionalization and Preferential Relations in World Trade Law and Policy' (1996) 2 EFA Rev 149.
54. Cottier, T., 'The Legal Framework for FTAs & CUs in WTO Law', in M. Godel and J. Gage (eds) Multilateralism and Bilateralism after Cancun: Challenges and Opportunities of Regionalism (Berne: Seco Publikation Welthandel No 2, 2004).
55. Cottier, T., and Panizzon, M., 'Die sektoriellen Abkommen und das Recht der WTO: Grundlagen und Spannungsfelder', in D. Felder and C. Kaddous (eds), Accords Bilatéraux Suisse-UE (commentaires); Bilaterale Abkommen Schweiz-EU (Erste Analysen) (Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 2001).
56. Cottier, T. and Schefer, K.N., 'The Relationship between World Trade Organization Law, National and Regional Law' (1998) 1 JIEL 83.
57. Crawford, J. and Fiorentino, R.V., 'The Changing Landscape of Regional Trade Agreements', WTO Discussion Paper No 8 (2005).
58. Crawford, J. and S. Laird, 'Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO' (2001) 12 N Amer J Econ Finance 193.
59. Cremona, M., 'Regional Integration and the Rule of Law: Some Issues and Options', in Devlin, R. and A. Estevadeordal (eds), Bridges for Development -Policies and Institutions for Trade and Integration (Washington DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2003).
60. Dakolias, M., 'The Second Bank Directive: The Issue of Reciprocity' (1991) 2 LIEI 69.
61. Dam, K., 'Regional Economic Arrangements and the GATT, the Legacy of a Misconception' (1963) 30 U Chi L Rev 615.
62. Dannenmaier, E., 'Inter American Perspective: Trade Democracy, and the FTAA: Public Access to the Process of Constructing a Free Trade Area of the Americas' (2004) 27 Fordham Int L J 1066.
63. Davey, W.J., Pine & Swine: Canada-United States Trade Dispute Settlement:The FTA Experience and NAFTA Prospects (Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, 1996).
64. Davey, W.J., 'Dispute Settlement in GATT' (1987) 11 Fordham Int L J n51.
65. Davidson, P.J., 'The ASEAN Way and the Role of Law in ASEAN Economic Cooperation' (2004) 8 SYIL 165.
66. Davies, G., Nationality Discrimination in the European Internal Market (The Hague, London: Kluwer, 2003).
67. De Melo J., and Panagariya A., (eds), New Dimensions in Regional Integration (Cambridge: CUP, 1993).
68. De Mestral A.L.C., 'The NAFTA Commission on Environmental Cooperation -Voice for the North American Environment?', in A. Kiss, D. Shelton and K. Ishibashi (eds), Economic Globalization and Compliance with International Environmental Agreements (The Hague, London: Kluwer, 2003).
69. De Mestral A.L.C., 'The North American Free Trade Agreement: A Comparative Analysis' (1998) 275 Recueil des Cours 223.
70. De Mestral A.L.C. and Winter J., 'Giving Direct Effect to NAFTA' in T.J. Courchene et al., Thinking North America (Institute for Research on Public Policy: Montreal, 2004).
71. Deere, C.L. and Esty, D.C. (eds), Greening the Americas: NAFTA's Lessons for Hemispheric Trade (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002).
72. Dehousse, R., 'Completing the Internal Market: Institutional Constraints and Challenges', in R. Bieber et al. (eds), 1992: One European Market?: A Critical Analysis of the Commission's Internal Market Strategy (Baden-Baden: Nomos 1998).
73. Dent, C.M., 'Networking the Region? The Emergence and Impact of Asia-Pacific Bilateral Free Trade Agreement Projects' (2003) 16 Pac Rev 1.
74. Desker, B., 'In Defence of FTAs: From Purity to Pragmatism in East Asia' (2004) 17 Pac Rev 3.
75. Desta, M.G., 'OPEC, the WTO, Regionalism, and Unilateralism' (2003) 37 JWT 523.
76. Devlin, R. and Ffrench-Davis, R., 'Towards an Evaluation of Regional Integration in Latin America in the 1990s' Inter-American Development Bank Integration and Regional Program Department, Working Paper No 2 (Buenos Aires: INTAL ITD, 1998).
77. Djordjevic, M., 'Domestic Regulation and Free Trade in Services-A Balancing Act' (2002) 29 LIEI 305.
78. Dougan, M., 'Minimum Harmonization and the Internal Market' (2000) 37 CMLR 853.
79. Drahos P. et al., 'Pharmaceuticals, Intellectual Property and Free Trade: The Case of the US-Australia Free Trade Agreement' (2004) 22 Prometheus 243.
80. Drahos P. et al., 'Bilateralism in Intellectual Property' (2001) 4 JWIP 6.
81. Durbin, W., A Comparison of the Environmental Provisions of the NAFTA, the Canada-Chile Trade Agreement and the Mexican-European Community Trade Agreement (New Haven: Yale Centre for Environmental Law and Policy, 2000).
82. Eeckhout, P., External Relations of the European Union: Legal and Constitutional Foundations (Oxford: OUP, 2004).
83. Elliott, R.R. and Ikemoto, K., 'AFTA and the Asian Crisis: Help or Hindrance to ASEAN Intra-Regional Trade?' (2004) 18 Asian Econ J 1.
84. El-Said, H. and El-Said, M., 'TRIPS, Bilateralism & Implications for Developing Countries: Jordan's Drug Sector' (2005) 2 MJIEL 59.
85. Emmerson, D.K., 'What Do the Blind See? Reapproaching Regionalism in Southeast Asia' (2005) 18 Pac Rev 1.
86. Ethier, W., 'Regionalism in a Multilateral World' (1998) 106 J Pol Econ 1214.
87. Evtimov, E., 'East European Regionalism', in M. Godel and J. Gage (eds) Multilateralism and Bilateralism after Cancun: Challenges and Opportunities of Regionalism (Berne: Seco Publikation Welthandel No 2, 2004).
88. Falkenberg, K., 'EPAs and DDA-Parallelism or Crossroads?' (2004) 3(4) Trade Negotiations Insights 1.
89. Fawcett, L. and Hurrell, A., Regionalism in World Politics: Regional Organization and International Orders (Oxford: OUP, 1995).
90. Felder, D., 'Appréciation juridique et politique du cadre institutionnel et des dispositions générales des accords sectoriels', in D. Felder and C. Kaddous (eds), Accords bilatéraux Suisse-UE: Commentaires (Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 2001).
91. Feng, C., 'Recent Developments in Singapore on International Law' (2004) 8 SYIL 207.
92. Fink, C. and Reichenmiller, P., 'Tightening TRIPS: The Intellectual Property Provisions of Recent US Free Trade Agreements' Trade Note 20 (World Bank, 2005).
93. Fischer, T.C., 'A Commentary on Regional Institutions in the Pacific Rim: Do APEC and ASEAN Still Matter?' (2003) 13 Duke J Comp & Int L 337.
94. Forrester, I., 'The End of Innocence', in J. Bourgeois, E. Vermulst and P. Waer (eds), Rules Of Origin in International Trade: A Comparative Study (Ann Arbor: U Michigan Press, 1993).
95. Frankel, J.A., Regional Trading Blocs in the World Economic System (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1997).
96. Frankel, J.A., and S.J. Wei, 'Regionalization of World Trade and Currencies: Economics and Politics', in J.A. Frankel, (ed), The Regionalization in the World Economy (Chicago: U Chicago Press, 1998).
97. Freund, C., 'Reciprocity in Free Trade Agreements' World Bank Policy Research Paper 3061 (World Bank, 2003).
98. Gaja, G., 'The European Community's Rights and Obligations under Mixed Agreements', in H.G. Schermers and H.G. Schermers (eds), Mixed Agreements (Deventer: Kluwer, 1983).
99. Galal, A. and Hoekman, B., Regional Partners in Global Markets: Limits and Possibilities of the Euro-Med Agreements (London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1997).
100. Gallagher, K.P. and Blanco, H., 'Sustainability Assessments: Tools for Effective Trade Policy in the Hemisphere' (IRC Paper, 9 April 2003).
101. Gantz, D.A., 'Government-to-Government Dispute Resolution under NAFTA's Chapter 20: A Commentary on the Process' (2000) 11 Am Rev Int Arb 481.
102. Gantz, D.A., 'Implementing the NAFTA Rules of Origin: Are the Parties Helping or Hurting Free Trade?' (1995) 12 Ariz J Int & Comp L 367.
103. Gantz, D.A., 'Potential Conflicts Between Investor Rights and Environmental Regulation under NAFTA's Chapter 11' (2001) 33 Geo Wash Int L Rev 651.
104. Gantz, D.A., 'The Evolution of FTA Investment Provisions: From NAFTA to the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement' (2004) 19 Am U Int L Rev 679.
105. Garcia, F.J., 'Integrating Trade and Human Rights in the Americas', in F. Abbott, C. Breining-Kaufmann and T. Cottier (eds), International Trade and Human Rights (Michigan: U Michigan Press, 2006).
106. Gitli, E. and Murillo, C., 'A Latin American Agenda for a Trade and Environment Link in the FTAA', in C.L. Deere, and D.C. Esty (eds), Greening the Americas: NAFTA's Lessons for Hemispheric Trade (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002).
107. Glick, L.A., Understanding the North American Free Trade Agreement (Deventer; Boston: Kluwer, 1993).
108. Gogo, J., 'East Asia & Oceanic Regionalism', in M. Godel and J. Gage (eds) Multilateralism and Bilateralism after Cancun: Challenges and Opportunities of Regionalism (Berne: Seco Publikation Welthandel No 2, April 2004).
109. Goldfarb, D., 'The Road to a Canada-US Customs Union: Step-by-Step or in a Single Bound?' (Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, June 2003).
110. Gomula, J., 'Dispute Settlement under Association Agreements with Central and Eastern European States' (1995) 22 Polish YBIL 107.
111. Gonzáles Gálvez, S., 'The Future of Regionalism in an Asymmetrical International Society', in R.St.J. Macdonald and D.M. Johnston (eds), The Structure and Process of International Law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986).
112. Griffin, P., 'The Delaware Effect: Keeping the Tiger in its Cage. The European Experience of Mutual Recognition in Financial Services' (2001) 7 Colum J Eur L 337.
113. Groux, J. and Manin, P., The European Communities in the International Order (Brussels: European Commission, 1985).
114. Hart, M., A Trading Nation: Canadian Trade Policy from Colonialism to Globalization (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2002).
115. Hausman, W., Lee H.L. and Subramanian, U., 'Global Logistics Indicators, Supply Chain Metrics, and Bilateral Trade Patterns', World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3773 (World Bank, 2005).
116. Hay, Q., 'Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition: A New Dimension in Australia-New Zealand Legal Relations' (1997) 3 ITL Rev 6.
117. Heiskanen, V., 'The Regulatory Philosophy of International Trade Law' (2004) 38 JWT 1.
118. Hettne, B., Inotai, A. and Sunkel O. (eds), Comparing Regionalism:Implications for Global Development (Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001).
119. Higgott, R., 'The International Political Economy of Regionalism', in W.D. Coleman and G.R.D. Underhill (eds), Regionalism and Global Economic Integration: Europe, Asia and the Americas (London: Routledge, 1998).
120. Hirst, M., 'Mercosur's Complex Political Agenda', in R. Roett (ed), Mercosur:Regional Integration, World Markets (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999).
121. Hoekman, B. and Sauvé, P., 'Regional and Multilateral Liberalisation of Service Markets: Complements or Substitutes?' (1994) 32 JCMS 283.
122. Hsu, L., 'Non-Violation Complaints-World Trade Organization Issues and Recent Free Trade Agreements' (2005) 39 JWT 205.
123. Hudec, R., 'A WTO Perspective on Private Anti-Competitive Behavior in World Markets' (1999) 34 New Eng L Rev 79.
124. Hudec, R., and Southwick, J.D., 'Regionalism and WTO Rules: Problems in the Fine Art of Discriminating Fairly', in guez Mendoza Low and B. Kotschwar (eds), Trade Rules in the Making: Challenges in Regional and Multilateral Negotiations (Washington, DC; OAS: Brookings, 1999).
125. Hund, M., 'ASEAN Plus Three: Towards a New Age of Pan-East Asian Regionalism? A Skeptic's Appraisal' (2003) 16 Pac Rev 383.
126. James, E.W. and Umemoto, M., 'NAFTA Trade with East Asia: Rules of Origin and Market Access in Textiles, Apparel Footwear and Electrical Machinery' (2000) 17 ASEAN Econ Bull 293.
127. James, E.W. and Umemoto, M., 'APEC Preferential Rules of Origin: Stumbling Blocks for Liberalization of Trade?' (1997) 31 JWT 113.
128. Joerges, C. and Petersmann, E.-U. (eds), Constitutionalism, Multilevel Trade Governance and Social Regulation (Oxford: Hart, 2006).
129. Jones, R.C., 'NAFTA Chapter 11: Investor-to-State Dispute Resolution: A Shield to Be Embraced or a Sword to Be Feared?' (2002) BYU L Rev 527.
130. Jorgensen, B.D., 'South Asia: An Anxious Journey towards Regionalization?', in M. Schulz, F. Söderbaum and J. Öjendal (eds), Regionalization in a Globalizing World: A Comparative Perspective on Forms, Actors and Processes (London:Zed Books, 2001).
131. Jouannet, E., 'Le Juge International Face aux Problèmes d'Incohérence et d'Instabi-lité du Droit International-Quelques Réflexions à Propos de l'arrêt CIJ du 6 Novembre 2003, Affaire des Plates-formes Pétrolières' (2004) 108 Rev Gén Dr Int Publ 917.
132. Kahler, M., 'Legalization as Strategy: The Asia-Pacific Case' (2000) 54 Int Org 549.
133. Kingston, E.I., 'The Economics of Rules of Origin', in J. Bourgeois et al (eds), Rules Of Origin in International Trade: A Comparative Study (Ann Arbor: U Michigan Press, 1993).
134. Kirton, J. and Maclaren, V.W. (eds), Linking Trade, Environment and Social Cohesion: NAFTA Experiences, Global Challenges (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002).
135. Komuro, N., 'International Harmonization of Rules of Origin', in P. Ruttley et al., The WTO and International Trade Regulation (London: Cameron May, 1998).
136. Kong, Q., 'China's WTO Accession and the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area-The Perspective of a Chinese Lawyer' (2004) 7 JIEL 839.
137. Kong, Q. and M. Bronckers 'WTO Law in the European Court of Justice' (2005) 42 CMLR 1313.
138. Koskenniemi, M., 'Study on the Function and Scope of the Lex Specialis Rule and the Question of "Self-Contained Regimes" ' (11 May 2005) UN Doc.ILC(LVII)/SG/FIL/ CRD.1 (2005).
139. Krajewski, M., National Regulation and Liberalization of Trade in Services (London and The Hague: Kluwer, 2003).
140. Kurcz, B., 'Harmonisation by Means of Directives-Never Ending Story?' (2001) 12 EBL Rev 287.
141. Laanatza, M. et al, 'Regionalization in the Middle East?', in M. Schulz et al (eds), Regionalization in a Globalizing World: A Comparative Perspective on Forms, Actors and Processes (London: Zed Books, 2001).
142. Lawrence, R., 'Emerging Regional Arrangements: Building Blocks or Stumbling Blocks?', in R. O'Brien (ed), Finance and the International Economy, The AMEX Bank Review Prize Essays (Oxford: OUP, 1991).
143. Leathley, C., 'The Mercosur Dispute Resolution System', The Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), Mercosur Study Group, 27 September 2002.
144. Lim, S.S., 'The US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement: Fostering Confidence and Commitment in Asia' (2004) 34 Cal W Int L J 301.
145. Lockhart, N.J.S. and Mitchell, A.D., 'Regional Trade Agreements under GATT 1994: An Exception and its Limits', in A.D. Mitchell, Challenges and Prospects for the WTO (London: Cameron May, 2005).
146. Lowe, V., 'Overlapping Jurisdictions in International Tribunals' (2000) 20 Aust YIL 1.
147. Lustig, N., Bosworth B.P. and Lawrence, R.Z., North American Free Trade:Assessing the Impact (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1992).
148. Marceau, G. and Reiman, C., 'When and How Is an RTA Compatible with the WTO?' (2001) 28 LIEI 297.
149. Maskus, K., 'Implications of Regional and Multilateral Agreements for Intellectual Property Rights' (1997) 20 World Economy 681.
150. Mathis, J.H., Regional Trade Agreements in the GATT/WTO: Article XXIV and the Internal Trade Requirement (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser, 2002).
151. Mathis, J.H., 'Mutual Recognition Agreements: Transatlantic Parties and the Limits to Non-tariff Barrier Regionalism in the WTO' (1998) 32 JWT 5.
152. Mathis, J.H., 'WTO Core Principles and Prohibition: Obligations Relating to Private Practices, National Competition Laws, and Implications for a Competition Policy Framework', UNCTAD Doc. UNCTAD/DITC/CLP/2003/2 (2003).
153. Matsushita, M. and Ahn, D. (eds), WTO and East Asia: New Perspectives (London: Cameron May, 2004).
154. Matthies, J., 'EC Rules of Origin from an Official's Point of View', in J. Bourgeois, E. Vermulst, and P. Waer (eds), Rules Of Origin in International Trade: A Comparative Study (Ann Arbor: U Michigan Press, 1993).
155. Mattli, W., The Logic of Regional Integration (Cambridge: CUP, 1999).
156. Mattoo, A., 'MFN and the GATS', in T. Cottier et al. (eds) Regulatory Barriers and the Principle of Non-Discrimination in World Trade Law (Ann Arbor: U Michigan Press, 2000).
157. Mayne, R., 'Regionalism, Bilateralism, and "TRIP Plus" Agreements: The Threat to Developing Countries' UNDP Human Development Report Office Occasional Paper (UNDP, 2005).
158. McCall Smith, J., 'The Politics of Dispute Settlement Design: Explaining Legalism in Regional Trade Pacts' (2000) 54 Int Org 137.
159. McGee, A. and Weatherill, S., 'The Evolution of the Single Market-Harmonisation or Liberalisation?' (1990) 53 MLR 578.
160. McLachlan, C., 'The Principle of Systemic Integration and Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention', (2005) 54 ICLQ 279.
161. McMillan, J., 'Does Regional Integration Foster Open Trade', in K. Anderson and R. Blackhurst (eds), Regional Integration and the Global Trading System (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993).
162. McWhinney, E., 'Comparative International Law: Regional or Sectorial, Inter-Systemic Approaches to Contemporary International Law', in R.J. Dupuy (ed), The Future of International Law in a Multicultural World (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1984).
163. Medaglia, J.C., 'The Central American Regional Protocol on Access to Genetic and Biochemical Resources', in C. Bellmann, G. Dutfield, and R. Meléndez-Ortiz (eds), Trading in Knowledge: Development Perspectives on TRIPS, Trade and Sustainability (London: Earthscan, 2003).
164. Mercurio, B., 'The Impact of the AUSFTA on the Provision of Health Services in Australia' (2005) 26 Whittier L Rev 1051.
165. Milner, H., 'Regional Economic Co-operation, Global Markets and Domestics Politics: A Comparisons of NAFTA and the Maastricht Treaty', in W.D. Coleman and G.R.D. Underhill (eds), Regionalism and Global Economic Integration: Europe, Asia and the Americas (London: Routledge, 1998).
166. Mortelmans, K., 'The Common Market, the Internal Market and the Single Market: What's in a Market?' (1998) 35 CMLR 101.
167. Mortelmans, K., 'The Relationship between the Treaty Rules and Community Measures for the Establishment and Functioning of the Internal Market-Towards a Concordance Rule' (2002) 39 CMLR 1303.
168. Nakagawa, J., 'Lessons from the Japan-China "Welsh Onion War"' (2002) 36 JWT 1019.
169. Nesadurai, H.E.S., Globalization, Domestic Politics and Regionalism: The ASEAN Free Trade Area (London: Routledge, 2003).
170. Nicolaïdis, K. and Schaffer, G., 'Transnational Mutual Recognition Regimes:Governance without Global Government' (2005) 68 LCP 263.
171. Nicolaïdis, K. and M. Egan, 'Regional Policy Externality and Market Governance: Why Recognise Foreign Standards?' (2001) 8 JEPP 454.
172. Nye, J.S., Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization (Boston: Little, Brown & Co, 1971).
173. OECD, Competition Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements, OECD Doc. COM/DAF/TD(2005)3/FINAL (2005).
174. OECD, Regional Integration Agreements (Paris: OECD, 2001).
175. OECD, Regional Integration: Observed Trade and Other Economic Effects, OECD Doc. TD/TC/WP(2001)19/FINAL (2001).
176. Oesch, M., 'tCommentary on Turkey-Restrictions on Imports of Textiles and Clothing Products' International Trade Law Reports, Vol 5 (London: Cameron May, 2001).
177. Okediji, R., 'Back to Bilateralism? Pendulum Swings in International Intellectual Property Protection' (2003) 1 U of Ottawa Law & Tech J 125.
178. Ortino, F. and Petersmann, E.-U. (eds), The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995-2003 (London, Boston: Kluwer, 1994).
179. Ortiz Mena, A., 'Dispute Settlement under NAFTA', in E. Chambers and P. Smith (eds), NAFTA in the New Millennium (San Diego: Center for US-Mexican Studies, 2002).
180. Oxfam, Undermining Access to Medicines: Comparison of Five US FTAs (2004), available at www.oxfamamerica.org/newsandpublications/publications/briefing_papers/pdfs/fta_comparison.pdf (visited 30 May 2006).
181. Paez, L., 'Americas Regionalism', in M. Godel and J. Gage (eds) Multilateralism and Bilateralism after Cancun: Challenges and Opportunities of Regionalism (Berne: Seco Publikation Welthandel No 2, April 2004).
182. Panagariya, A., 'Preferential Trade Liberalization: The Traditional Theory and New Developments' (2000) 38 J Econ Lit 287.
183. Pauwelyn, J., 'A Typology of Multilateral Treaty Obligations. Are WTO Obligations Bilateral or Collective in Nature?' (2003) 14 EJIL 907.
184. Pauwelyn, J., 'The Puzzle of WTO Safeguards and Regional Trade Agreements' (2004) 7 JIEL 109.
185. Peng, S., 'The WTO Legalistic Approach and East Asia: From the Legal Culture Perspective' (2000) Asian Pac L & Policy J 1.
186. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), Developing Countries in the Doha Round, (Florence: EUI, 2005).
187. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), International Trade Law and the GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System (London, Boston: Kluwer, 1997).
188. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), Reforming the World Trading System: Legitimacy, Efficiency and Democratic Governance (Oxford: OUP, 2005).
189. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), Constitutional Functions and Constitutional Problems of International Economic Law, Vol 3 (Fribourg, Switzerland: University Press, 1991).
190. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), 'Constitutional Approaches to International Law: Interrelationships between National, International and Cosmopolitan Constitutional Rules', in J. Bröhmer et al (eds), Internationale Gemeinschaft und Menschenrechte (Berlin: Carl Heymanns Verlag, 2005).
191. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), 'Constitutionalism and WTO Law: From a State-Centered Approach towards a Human Rights Approach in International Economic Law', in D.L.M. Kennedy and J.D. Southwick (eds), The Political Economy of International Trade Law (Cambridge: CUP, 2002).
192. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), 'Justice as Conflict Resolution: Proliferation, Fragmentation and Decentralization of Dispute Settlement in International Trade', European University Institute, Working Paper No 2004/10, available at www.iue.it/PUB/law04-10.pdf (visited 30 May 2006).
193. Petersmann, E.-U. (ed), 'Multilevel Trade Governance Requires Multilevel Constitutionalism', in C. Joerges, and E.-U. Petersmann (eds), Constitutionalism, Multilevel Trade Governance and Social Regulation (Oxford: Hart, 2006).
194. Productivity Commission (Australia), Evaluation of the Mutual Recognition Schemes (Canberra, 2003).
195. Rajkumar, R., 'The Central American Free Trade Agreement: An End Run Around The Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health' (2005) 15 Alb L J Sci & Tech 433.
196. Ramírez Robles, E., Solución de Controversias en los Acuerdos Celebrados entre México y la Comunidad Europea (Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara, 2003).
197. Reich, N., 'Competition between Legal Orders: A New Paradigm of EC Law?' (1992) 29 CMLR 459.
198. Reiter, J., 'tThe EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement: Assessing the EU approach to Regulatory Issues in Regionalism, Multilateralism and Economic Integration, the Recent Experience', in G.P. Sampson and S. Woolcock (eds), Regionalism, Multilateralism and Economic Integration, the Recent Experience (Hong Kong: UN University, 2003).
199. Rezzouk, M., 'The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Competition and the World Trade Organization: Might a WTO Agreement on Competition Constitute a Threat to OPEC?', UNCTAD Doc. UNCTAD/DITC/CLP/2003/11 (2004).
200. Robert, M., Negotiating NAFTA, Explaining the Outcome in Culture, Textiles, Autos and Pharmaceuticals (Toronto: U Toronto Press, 2000).
201. Roessler, F., 'tThe Relationship between Regional Integration Agreements and the Multilateral Trade Order', in K. Anderson, and R. Blackhurst (eds) Regional Integration and the Global Trading System (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf and New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993).
202. Romano, C., 'The Proliferation of International Judicial Bodies: The Pieces of the Puzzle' (1999) 31 NYU J Int L & Pol 709.
203. Rott, P., 'Minimum Harmonization for the Completion of the Internal Market? The Example of Consumer Sales Law' (2003) 40 CMLR 1107.
204. Russett, B., International Regions and the International System (Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1967).
205. Sagar, J., 'The Labour and Environment Chapters of the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement: An Improvement over the Weak Enforcement Provisions of the NAFTA Side Agreements on Labour and the Environment' (2004) 21 Ariz J Int & Comp L 913.
206. Schiff, M., 'Will the Real "Natural Trading Partner" Please Stand Up?', World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2161 (World Bank, 1999).
207. Schmidt, S.K., 'The Impact of Mutual Recognition-Inbuilt Limits and Domestic Responses to the Single Market' (2002) 9 JEPP 935.
208. Schreuer, C., 'Regionalism v. Universalism' (1995) 6 EJIL 477.
209. Schulz, M., Söderbaum, F. and Öjendal, J. (eds), Regionalization in a Globalizing World: A Comparative Perspective on Forms, Actors and Processes (London: Zed Books, 2001).
210. Shams, H., 'Regional Integration: Comparative Experience-Introduction' (2004) 10 Law & Bus Rev Am 457.
211. Sharma, S.C. and Chua, S.Y., 'ASEAN: Economic Integration and Intraregional Trade' (2000) 7 Appl Econ Lett 165.
212. Sher, M., 'Chapter 20 Dispute Resolution under NAFTA: Fact or Fiction?' (2003) 35 Geo Wash Int L Rev 1001.
213. Shibata, H., 'The Theory of Economic Unions: A Comparative Analysis of Customs Unions, Free Trade Areas and Tax Unions', in C.S. Shoup (ed) Fiscal Harmonization In Common Markets, Volume 1: Theory (New York: Columbia UP, 1967).
214. Silva, V., 'Cooperation on Commodity Policy in Latin America in Latin American and Caribbean Bilateral Trade Agreements' (UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Santiago: 2004).
215. Slot, P.J., 'Harmonisation' (1996) 21 EL Rev 378.
216. Smith, M., 'Regions and Regionalism', in B. White, R. Little, and M. Smith (eds), Issues in World Politics, 3rd ed. (Houndmills Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2005).
217. Snape, R.H. and Boswort, M., 'Advancing Services Negotiations', in J.J. Schott, (ed), The World Trading System: Challenges Ahead (Washington, DC:Institute for International Economics, 1996).
218. Snape, R.H. and Boswort, M., 'History and Economics of GATT's Article XXIV', in K. Anderson and R. Blackhurst (eds) Regional Integration and the Global Trading System (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf and New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993).
219. Söderbaum, F. and Shaw, T.M., Theories of New Regionalism (Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003).
220. Soloaga, I. and Winters, A., 'Regionalism in the Nineties: What Effect on Trade' (2001) 12 N Amer J Econ Finance 1.
221. Stephenson, S.M., 'GATS and Regional Integration', in P. Sauvé and R. Stern (eds), GATS 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalization (Washington DC: Brookings, 2000).
222. Stephenson, S.M., 'Mutual Recognition and its Role in Trade Facilitation' (1999) 33 JWT 141.
223. Stephenson, S.M., 'A comparison of existing services trade arrangements within APEC', in C. Findlay and T. Warren (eds), Impediments to Trade in Services, Measurement and Policy Implications (London: Routledge, 2000).
224. Stephenson, S.M., 'Regional versus Multilateral Liberalisation of Services' (2002) 1 WTR 187.
225. Stubbs, R., 'Asia-Pacific Regionalism versus Globalization', in W.D. Coleman and G.R.D. Underhill (eds), Regionalism and Global Economic Integration: Europe, Asia and the Americas (London: Routledge, 1998).
226. Sun, J.M. and J. Pelkmans, 'Regulatory Competition in the Single Market' (1995) 33 JCMS 67.
227. Sutherland, P. et al., The Future of the WTO: Addressing Institutional Challenges in the New Millennium (Geneva: WTO, 2004).
228. Sykes, A., 'Constructive Unilateral Threats in International Commercial Relations: The Limited Case for Section 301' (1993) 23 Law & Policy Int Bus 263.
229. Tan, L., 'Will ASEAN Economic Integration Progress Beyond a Free Trade Area?' (2004) 53 ICLQ 935.
230. Tang, D., 'Effects of the Regional Trading Arrangements on Trade: Evidence from the NAFTA, ANZCER and ASEAN Countries, 1989-2000' '282005) 14 J Int Trade Econ Devel 241.
231. Tavares de Araujo, J. and Tineo, L., 'Harmonization of Competition Policies among Mercosur Countries' (1998) 24 Brook J Int L 441.
232. Terada, T., 'Constructing an "East Asian" Concept and Growing Regional Identity: From EAEC to ASEAN+3' (2003) 16 Pac Rev 251.
233. Thomas, K.P. and Tetreault, M.A. (eds), Racing to Regionalize, International Political Economy Yearbook, Volume 11 (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 1999).
234. Thornton, J. and Goglio, A., 'Regional Bias and Intra-regional Trade in Southeast Asia' (2002) 9 Appl Econ Lett 205.
235. Tongzon, J.L., The Economics of Southeast Asia: Before and After the Crisis, 2nd ed. (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2002).
236. Trachtman, J.P., 'Towards Open Recognition? Standardization and Regional Integration under Article XXIV of GATT' (2003) 6 JIEL 459.
237. Trubek, D. and Trubek, L., 'Hard and Soft Law in the Construction of Social Europe: The Role of the Open Method of Co-ordination' (2005) 11 ELJ 343.
238. United Nations Development Programme, Making Global Trade Work for People (London: Earthscan, 2003).
239. United Nations Environment Programme, International Regime on Access and Benefit-Sharing: Proposals for an International Regime on Access and Benefit-sharing, adopted 7 January 2003, UN Doc. UNEP/CBD/MYPOW/6 (2003).
240. US Department of Labor, A Review of the Likely Economic Impact of NAFTA on the US (Washington DC, 1992).
241. US Department of State, Suggested Charter for an International Trade Organization of the United Nations, Washington DC, 1946.
242. US International Trade Commission, Economy-Wide Modeling of the Economic Implications of a FTA with Mexico and a NAFTA with Canada and Mexico (Washington DC, 1992).
243. US Tariff Commission, Report on the Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization, for the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives (Washington DC, 1949).
244. United States Trade Representative, Final Environmental Review of the USChile FTA, June 2003, available at www.ustr.gov (visited 30 May 2006).
245. United States Trade Representative, Interim Environmental Review of the US-Andean FTA, February 2005, available at www.ustr.gov (visited 30 May 2006).
246. Van Panhuys, J.H.F., 'Regional or General International Law? A Misleading Dilemma' (1961) 8 Neth Int L Rev 146.
247. Vega, G.C. and Winham, G.R., 'The Role of NAFTA Dispute Settlement in the Management of Canadian, Mexican and US Trade and Investment Relations' (2002) 28 ONLR, 651.
248. Verhoosel, G., 'The Use of Investor-State Arbitration under Bilateral Investment Treaties to Seek Relief for Breaches of WTO Law' (2003) 6 JIEL 493.
249. Vermulst, E. and Waer, P., 'European Community Rules of Origin as Commercial Policy Instruments?' (1990) 24 JWT 55.
250. Viner, J., The Customs Union Issue (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1950).
251. Vivas-Eugui, D., 'Regional and Bilateral Agreements and a TRIPS plus world: the case of the FTAA' TRIPS Issues Paper No 1 (2003), available at www.qiap.ca/documents/FTAASupptableA42.pdf (visited 30 May 2006).
252. Von Heydebrand u.d.,Von Heydebrand u.d. 'Free Movement of Foodstuffs, Consumer Protection and Food Standards in the European Community: Has the Court of Justice got it Wrong?' (1991) 16 EL Rev 391.
253. Walker, N., 'The EU and the WTO: Constitutionalism in a New Key', in: G. de Búrca and J. Scott (eds), The EU and the WTO: Legal and Constitutional Issues (Oxford: Hart, 2001).
254. Wang, J., 'China's Regional Trade Agreements: The Law, Geopolitics, and Impact on the Multilateral Trading System' (2004) 8 SYIL 119.
255. Wang, W., 'CEPA: A Lawful Free Trade Agreement under "One Country, Two Customs Territories?" ' (2004) 10 Law & Bus Rev Am 647.
256. Weatherill, S., 'Recent Case Law Concerning the Free Movement of Goods:Mapping the Frontiers of Market Deregulation' (1999) 36 CMLR 51.
257. Weatherill, S., 'Why Object to the Harmonisation of Private Law?' (2004) 5 ERPL 633.
258. Weissman, R., 'Dying for Drugs: How CAFTA Will Undermine Access to Essential Medicines' (2004), available at www.health-now.org/site/article.php?articleId=75&menuId=13 (visited 30 May 2006).
259. Woolcock, S., 'A Framework for Assessing Regional Trade Agreements: WTOplus', in G.P. Sampson, and S. Woolcock (eds), Regionalism, Multilateralism and Economic Integration, the Recent Experience (Hong Kong: UNU, 2003).
260. World Bank, Global Economic Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism and Development (Washington DC: World Bank, 2005).
261. World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future (Oxford: OUP, 1987).
262. World Trade Organization, Regionalism and the World Trading System (Geneva: WTO, 1995).
263. World Trade Organization, World Trade Report (Geneva: WTO, 2003).
264. Wouters, J. and Coppens, D., 'Domestic Regulation Within the Framework of GATS', in K. Byttebier and K. Van den Borght (eds), Issues of International Legal Trade Policy and Implementation: Challenges for the World Trade Organization (London: Cameron May, 2006).
265. Yeung, M.T., Perdikis, N. and Kerr, W.A., Regional Trading Blocs in the Global Economy: The EU and ASEAN (Cheltenham UK, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 1999).
266. Zahrnt, V., 'How Regionalization can be a Pillar of a More Effective World Trade Organization' (2005) 39 JWT 671.