Legalization as strategy: The Asia-Pacific case

International Organization

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 549-571

  Kahler, Miles ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0034374359     PISSN: 00208183     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/002081800551325     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Kahler 1988.
2. The original members of ASEAN, founded in 1967, were Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore. Brunei became a member in 1984; Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar were admitted to membership in the 1990s.
3. Leifer 1989.
4. Ibid., 25.
5. Hoang 1996, 63-71.
6. Chia 1996, 59.
7. Thambipillai and Saravanamuttu 1985, 11-13.
8. See Acharya 1998; and Khong 1998.
9. Excluding Singapore, a crucial entrepot, intra-ASEAN trade was less than 5 percent of total trade. Chia 1996, 63.
10. See Chia 1996; and Ravenhill 1995.
11. Ravenhill 1995.
12. Kieran Cooke and Peter Montagnon, A Liberal Pinch of Eastern Spice, Financial Times, 18 October 1995, 12.
13. ASEAN Secretariat 1997, 15-36.
14. See Ravenhill 1995; and Chia 1996.
15. In addition to ASEAN members, the membership of the ARF includes Australia, Canada, China, the European Union (presidency), India, Japan, Mongolia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Korea, Russia, and the United States.
16. Johnston 1999, 287.
17. Ibid.
18. Garofano 1999, 76-77.
19. Leifer 1996, 35.
20. Khong 1997.
21. See Johnston 1999; and Foot 1998.
22. Garofano 1999, 87.
23. Funabashi 1995, 52-53.
24. Ibid., 64.
25. Krause 1994.
26. Yamazawa 1992.
27. Ravenhill 1998, 159.
28. See Soesastro 1994, 47; and Plummer 1998.
29. Zhang 1998, 222.
30. Soesastro 1994, 50.
31. Bergsten 1994.
32. Ravenhill 1998, 159.
33. Yamakage 1997, 293.
34. Ostry 1998.
35. Janow 1996/97, 948.
36. Petri 1997, 41.
37. Urata 1998, 108.
38. APEC Eminent Persons Group 1993, 40.
39. APEC Eminent Persons Group 1994, 23-24.
40. Ibid., 23.
41. Models of this kind are elaborated by Kenneth W. Abbott and Duncan Snidal in this issue.
42. Yarbrough and Yarbrough 1992.
43. Green 1995, 730-31.
44. Hooker 1978.
45. Lev 1972, 5-6.
46. Fasseur 1992, 256.
47. Upham 1987.
48. Abbott and Snidal, this issue.
49. Keohane, Moravcsik, and Slaughter, this issue.
50. Katzenstein 1997, 28.
51. Croome 1995, 149.
52. Funabashi 1995, 196-97.
53. McGivern 1996, 101.
54. Under GATT only nine complaints were brought by Asian governments (4.35 percent of the total). Three of these were brought by Hong Kong. In the short time that the WTO procedure has been operational, 10.63 percent of the complaints have been brought by Asian states. The proportion of complaints made against Asian countries has remained roughly the same.
55. Hoang 1996, 69-70.
56. Frank Ching, Resolving ASEAN's Problems, Far Eastern Economic Review, 23 January 1997, 28.
57. Al Labita, Push for More Transparency in Free Trade, Business Times (Singapore), 7 October 1998, 6; and ASEAN to Use Anti-dumping Mechanism Soon, Businessworld (Philippines), 6 February 1998.
58. Al Labita, Push for More Transparency in Free Trade, Business Times (Singapore), 7 October 1998, 6; and ASEAN to Use Anti-dumping Mechanism Soon, Businessworld (Philippines), 6 February 1998.
59. APEC Eminent Persons Group 1995, 12. See also Krause 1997, 245.
60. McGivern 1996, 104.
61. Edward Luce, APEC Rejects Rigid Disputes Mechanism, Financial Times, 25/26 May 1996, 3.
62. APEC 1998.
63. ASEAN Regional Forum 1999.
64. Nayam Chand with Shada Islam, In the Bunker, Far Eastern Economic Review, 6 August 1998, 24-28.
65. Gong 1984, 181.
66. Brownlie 1984, 365.
67. Harris 1999.
68. The Limits of Politeness, The Economist, 28 February 1948, 43-44. For other critical reviews of APEC, the ARF, and ASEAN, see Cheng 1998; Acharya 1999; and Wesley 1999.
69. See Doner 1997, 201; and Petri 1997, 43.
70. Simmons, this issue.