Housing conditions modulate the severity of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice deficient in class A scavenger receptor

Comparative Medicine

Volumn 64, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 424-439

  Booth, Jennifer L ^a   Umstead, Todd M ^b   Hu, Sanmei ^b   Dybvig, Kevin F ^d   Cooper, Timothy K ^a,c   Wilson, Ronald P ^a   Chroneos, Zissis C ^b  

^a Center for Host Defense   (United States)

^b Department of Pediatrics ^*  (United States)

^c PENN STATE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; KERATINOCYTE DERIVED CHEMOKINE; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR A; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; CHEMOKINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL HOUSING; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIAL LOAD; BRONCHOPNEUMONIA; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; INOCULATION; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; MICROENVIRONMENT; MONOCYTOSIS; MOUSE; MYCOPLASMA PULMONIS; MYCOPLASMOSIS; NONHUMAN; PERSISTENT INFECTION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; ANALYSIS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL; BLOOD; DEFICIENCY; GENETICS; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; METABOLISM; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOLOGY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; STANDARDS; TIME FACTOR; WESTERN BLOTTING;

AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; AMMONIA; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CHEMOKINE CCL2; CHEMOKINES; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; HOUSING, ANIMAL; INTERLEUKIN-1BETA; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA PULMONIS; SCAVENGER RECEPTORS, CLASS A; TIME FACTORS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 84919467994     PISSN: 15320820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Adegboye DS, Hallbur PG, Cavanaugh DL, Werdin RE, Chase CC, Miskimins DW, Rosenbusch RF. 1995. Immunohistochemical and pathological study of Mycoplasma bovis-associated lung abscesses in calves. J Vet Diagn Invest 7:333-337.
2. Amiel E, Alonso A, Uematsu S, Akira S, Poynter ME, Berwin B. 2009. Pivotal advance: Toll-like receptor regulation of scavenger receptor-A-mediated phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 85:595-605.
3. Amiel E, Nicholson-Dykstra S, Walters JJ, Higgs H, Berwin B. 2007. Scavenger receptor A functions in phagocytosis of E. coli by bone marrow dendritic cells. Exp Cell Res 313:1438-1448.
4. Arlehamn CS, Petrilli V, Gross O, Tschopp J, Evans TJ. 2010. The role of potassium in inflammasome activation by bacteria. J Biol Chem 285:10508-10518.
5. Arredouani MS, Franco F, Imrich A, Fedulov A, Lu X, Perkins D, Soininen R, Tryggvason K, Shapiro SD, Kobzik L. 2007. Scavenger receptors SRAI/II and MARCO limit pulmonary dendritic cell migration and allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol 178:5912-5920.
6. Arredouani MS, Yang Z, Imrich A, Ning Y, Qin G, Kobzik L. 2006. The macrophage scavenger receptor SRAI/II and lung defense against pneumococci and particles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 35: 474-478.
7. Baluk P, Yao LC, Feng J, Romano T, Jung SS, Schreiter JL, Yan L, Shealy DJ, McDonald DM. 2009. TNFα drives remodeling of blood vessels and lymphatics in sustained airway inflammation in mice. J Clin Invest 119:2954-2964.
8. Blasi F. 2004. Atypical pathogens and respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 24:171-181.
9. Brandes M, Klauschen F, Kuchen S, Germain RN. 2013. A systems analysis identifies a feedforward inflammatory circuit leading to lethal influenza infection. Cell 154:197-212.
10. Brautbar N, Wu MP, Richter ED. 2003. Chronic ammonia inhalation and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Environ Health 58:592-596.
11. Broderson JR, Lindsey JR, Crawford JE. 1976. The role of environmental ammonia in respiratory mycoplasmosis of rats. Am J Pathol 85:115-130.
12. Brown JS. 2012. Community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Med 12:538-543.
13. Canton J, Neculai D, Grinstein S. 2013. Scavenger receptors in homeostasis and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13:621-634.
14. Cartner SC, Simecka JW, Briles DE, Cassell GH, Lindsey JR. 1996. Resistance to mycoplasmal lung disease in mice is a complex genetic trait. Infect Immun 64:5326-5331.
15. Chiba H, Pattanajitvilai S, Evans AJ, Harbeck RJ, Voelker DR. 2002. Human surfactant protein D (SPD) binds Mycoplasma pneumoniae by high affinity interactions with lipids. J Biol Chem 277:20379-20385.
16. Chiba H, Piboonpocanun S, Mitsuzawa H, Kuronuma K, Murphy RC, Voelker DR. 2006. Pulmonary surfactant proteins and lipids as modulators of inflammation and innate immunity. Respirology 11 Suppl:S2-S6.
17. Czerkies M, Borzecka K, Zdioruk MI, Plociennikowska A, Sobota A, Kwiatkowska K. 2013. An interplay between scavenger receptor A and CD14 during activation of J774 cells by high concentrations of LPS. Immunobiology 218:1217-1226.
18. Dahl M, Bauer AK, Arredouani M, Soininen R, Tryggvason K, Kleeberger SR, Kobzik L. 2007. Protection against inhaled oxidants through scavenging of oxidized lipids by macrophage receptors MARCO and SRAI/II. J Clin Invest 117:757-764.
19. Daugherty A, Whitman SC, Block AE, Rateri DL. 2000. Polymorphism of class A scavenger receptors in C57BL/6 mice. J Lipid Res 41:1568-1577.
20. David JM, Knowles S, Lamkin DM, Stout DB. 2013. Individually ventilated cages impose cold stress on laboratory mice: a source of systemic experimental variability. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 52:738-744.
21. Davis JK, Parker RF, White H, Dziedzic D, Taylor G, Davidson MK, Cox NR, Cassell GH. 1985. Strain differences in susceptibility to murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN mice. Infect Immun 50:647-654.
22. DeBey MC, Ross RF. 1994. Ciliostasis and loss of cilia induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in porcine tracheal organ cultures. Infect Immun 62:5312-5318.
23. DiVincenti L Jr, Moorman-White D, Bavlov N, Garner M, Wyatt J. 2012. Effects of housing density on nasal pathology of breeding mice housed in individually ventilated cages. Lab Anim (NY) 41:68-76.
24. Draeger Safety. CMS chip product information package inserts for ammonia 2.0-50 ppm, 2nd ed. Pittsburgh (PA): Draeger Safety.
25. Draeger Safety. CMS chip product information package insert for ammonia 10-150 ppm, 10th ed. Pittsburgh (PA): Draeger Safety.
26. Erkan L, Uzun O, Findik S, Katar D, Sanic A, Atici AG. 2008. Role of bacteria in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 3:463-467.
27. Ezaki T, Baluk P, Thurston G, La Barbara A, Woo C, McDonald DM. 2001. Time course of endothelial cell proliferation and microvascular remodeling in chronic inflammation. Am J Pathol 158:2043-2055.
28. Fonseca-Aten M, Rios AM, Mejias A, Chavez-Bueno S, Katz K, Gomez AM, McCracken GH Jr, Hardy RD. 2005. Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces host-dependent pulmonary inflammation and airway obstruction in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 32:201-210.
29. Fortin A, Penman M, Stevenson MM, Krieger M, Gros P. 2000. Identification and characterization of naturally occurring variants of the macrophage scavenger receptor (SRA). Mamm Genome 11:779-785.
30. Franchi L, Eigenbrod T, Munoz-Planillo R, Nunez G. 2009. The inflammasome: a caspase 1 activation platform that regulates immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Nat Immunol 10:241-247.
31. Gaafar H, Girgis R, Hussein M, el-Nemr F. 1992. The effect of ammonia on the respiratory nasal mucosa of mice. A histological and histochemical study. Acta Otolaryngol 112:339-342.
32. Gamble MR, Clough G. 1976. Ammonia build-up in animal boxes and its effect on rat tracheal epithelium. Lab Anim 10:93-104.
33. Ganesan S, Faris AN, Comstock AT, Sonstein J, Curtis JL, Sajjan US. 2012. Elastase/LPS-exposed mice exhibit impaired innate immune responses to bacterial challenge: role of scavenger receptor A. Am J Pathol 180:61-72.
34. Godoy B, Murgas P, Tichauer J, Von Bernhardi R. 2012. Scavenger receptor class A ligands induce secretion of IL1β and exert a modulatory effect on the inflammatory activation of astrocytes in culture. J Neuroimmunol 251:6-13.
35. Guan J, Liu X, Xie J, Xu X, Luo S, Wang R, Xu Y. 2012. Surfactant protein a polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Chinese Uighur population. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 32:186-189.
36. Harshyne LA, Zimmer MI, Watkins SC, Barratt-Boyes SM. 2003. A role for class A scavenger receptor in dendritic cell nibbling from live cells. J Immunol 170:2302-2309.
37. Harvey BP, Raycroft MT, Quan TE, Rudenga BJ, Roman RM, Craft J, Mamula MJ. 2014. Transfer of antigen from human B cells to dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 58:56-65.
38. Hersh CP, DeMeo DL, Raby BA, Litonjua AA, Sylvia JS, Sparrow D, Reilly JJ, Silverman EK. 2006. Genetic linkage and association analysis of COPD-related traits on chromosome 8p. COPD 3:189-194.
39. Hickman-Davis JM, Gibbs-Erwin J, Lindsey JR, Matalon S. 2004. Role of surfactant protein A in nitric oxide production and mycoplasma killing in congenic C57BL/6 mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 30:319-325.
40. Hickman-Davis JM, Lindsey JR, Zhu S, Matalon S. 1998. Surfactant protein A mediates mycoplasmacidal activity of alveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol 274:L270-L277.
41. Hickman-Davis JM, McNicholas-Bevensee C, Davis IC, Ma HP, Davis GC, Bosworth CA, Matalon S. 2006. Reactive species mediate inhibition of alveolar type II sodium transport during Mycoplasma infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:334-344.
42. Hickman-Davis JM, Michalek SM, Gibbs-Erwin J, Lindsey JR. 1997. Depletion of alveolar macrophages exacerbates respiratory mycoplasmosis in Mycoplasma-resistant C57BL mice but not Mycoplasma-susceptible C3H mice. Infect Immun 65:2278-2282.
43. -/- mice with Mycoplasma infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36:103-113.
44. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. 2011. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th ed. Washington (DC): National Academies Press.
45. Jiang D, Nelson ML, Gally F, Smith S, Wu Q, Minor M, Case S, Thaikoottathil J, Chu HW. 2012. Airway epithelial NFêB activation promotes Mycoplasma pneumoniae clearance in mice. PLoS ONE 7:e52969.
46. Kandasamy P, Zarini S, Chan ED, Leslie CC, Murphy RC, Voelker DR. 2011. Pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylglycerol inhibits Mycoplasma pneumoniae-stimulated eicosanoid production from human and mouse macrophages. J Biol Chem 286:7841-7853.
47. Kannan TR, Baseman JB. 2006. ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae represents unique virulence determinant among bacterial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:6724-6729.
48. Kapeghian JC, Mincer HH, Jones AB, Verlangieri AJ, Waters IW. 1982. Acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia in mice. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 29:371-378.
49. Kobayashi H, Sakashita N, Okuma T, Terasaki Y, Tsujita K, Suzuki H, Kodama T, Nomori H, Kawasuji M, Takeya M. 2007. Class A scavenger receptor (CD204) attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative stress. J Pathol 212:38-46.
50. Kobayashi Y, Miyaji C, Watanabe H, Umezu H, Hasegawa G, Abo T, Arakawa M, Kamata N, Suzuki H, Kodama T, Naito M. 2000. Role of macrophage scavenger receptor in endotoxin shock. J Pathol 192:263-272.
51. Kraft M, Adler KB, Ingram JL, Crews AL, Atkinson TP, Cairns CB, Krause DC, Chu HW. 2008. Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces airway epithelial cell expression of MUC5AC in asthma. Eur Respir J 31:43-46.
52. Lai JF, Zindl CL, Duffy LB, Atkinson TP, Jung YW, van Rooijen N, Waites KB, Krause DC, Chaplin DD. 2010. Critical role of macrophages and their activation via MyD88-NFêB signaling in lung innate immunity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PLoS ONE 5:e14417.
53. Larsson BM, Larsson K, Malmberg P, Martensson L, Palmberg L. 1999. Airway responses in naive subjects to exposure in poultry houses: comparison between cage rearing system and alternative rearing system for laying hens. Am J Ind Med 35:142-149.
54. Ledford JG, Goto H, Potts EN, Degan S, Chu HW, Voelker DR, Sunday ME, Cianciolo GJ, Foster WM, Kraft M, Wright JR. 2009. SPA preserves airway homeostasis during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in mice. J Immunol 182:7818-7827.
55. Ledford JG, Lo B, Kislan MM, Thomas JM, Evans K, Cain DW, Kraft M, Williams KL, Wright JR. 2010. Surfactant protein A inhibits Mycoplasma-induced dendritic cell maturation through regulation of HMGB1 cytokine activity. J Immunol 185:3884-3894.
56. Leduc D, Gris P, Lheureux P, Gevenois PA, De Vuyst P, Yernault JC. 1992. Acute and long-term respiratory damage following inhalation of ammonia. Thorax 47:755-757.
57. Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Ben-Yaakov M, Lazarovich Z, Hoffman S, Ohana B, Friedman MG, Dvoskin B, Leinonen M, Boldur I. 2001. Infectious etiologies in acute exacerbation of COPD. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 40:95-102.
58. Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Ben-Yaakov M, Shmarkov O, Gelfer Y, Varshavsky R, Ohana B, Lazarovich Z, Boldur I. 2002. Serological evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbation of COPD. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 44:1-6.
59. Lindsey JR, Cassell H. 1973. Experimental Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in pathogen-free mice. Models for studying mycoplasmosis of the respiratory tract. Am J Pathol 72:63-90.
60. Love W, Dobbs N, Tabor L, Simecka JW. 2010. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a major role in innate resistance in the lung against murine Mycoplasma. PLoS ONE 5:e10739.
61. Ma T, Liu X, Liu Z. 2013. Functional polymorphisms in surfactant protein genes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 17:910-917.
62. McNamara MJ, Phillips IA, Williams OB. 1969. Viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in exacerbations of chronic lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 100:19-24.
63. Meloni F, Paschetto E, Mangiarotti P, Crepaldi M, Morosini M, Bulgheroni A, Fietta A. 2004. Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in community-acquired pneumonia and exacerbations of COPD or asthma: therapeutic considerations. J Chemother 16:70-76.
64. Memarzadeh F, Manning A. 2005. Control of ammonia production in animal research facilities through ventilation system design. Am Soc Heat Refrig Air Cond Eng Trans 111:203-212.
65. Metz G, Kraft M. 2010. Effects of atypical infections with Mycoplasma and Chlamydia on asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 30:575-585.
66. Mogulkoc N, Karakurt S, Isalska B, Bayindir U, Celikel T, Korten V, Colpan N. 1999. Acute purulent exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:349-353.
67. Monzon ME, Forteza RM, Casalino-Matsuda SM. 2011. MCP1/ CCR2B-dependent loop upregulates MUC5AC and MUC5B in human airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 300:L204-L215.
68. National Research Council. 2008. Committee on Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants. Volume 2. Washington (DC): National Academies Press.
69. Netea MG, Simon A, van de Veerdonk F, Kullberg BJ, Van der Meer JWM, Joosten LAB. 2010. IL1β processing in host defense: beyond the inflammasomes. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000661.
70. Nickel W, Rabouille C. 2009. Mechanisms of regulated unconventional protein secretion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:148-155.
71. Ohar JA, Hamilton RF Jr, Zheng S, Sadeghnejad A, Sterling DA, Xu J, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Holian A. 2010. COPD is associated with a macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene sequence variation. Chest 137:1098-1107.
72. Park SJ, Lee YC, Rhee YK, Lee HB. 2005. Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in stable asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Korean Med Sci 20:225-228.
73. Peiser L, Gough PJ, Kodama T, Gordon S. 2000. Macrophage class A scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Escherichia coli: role of cell heterogeneity, microbial strain, and culture conditions in vitro. Infect Immun 68:1953-1963.
74. Piboonpocanun S, Chiba H, Mitsuzawa H, Martin W, Murphy RC, Harbeck RJ, Voelker DR. 2005. Surfactant protein A binds Mycoplasma pneumoniae with high affinity and attenuates its growth by recognition of disaturated phosphatidylglycerols. J Biol Chem 280:9-17.
75. Poole JA. 2012. Farming-associated environmental exposures and effect on atopic diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 109:93-98.
76. Poole JA, Wyatt TA, Oldenburg PJ, Elliott MK, West WW, Sisson JH, Von Essen SG, Romberger DJ. 2009. Intranasal organic dust exposure-induced airway adaptation response marked by persistent lung inflammation and pathology in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296:L1085-L1095.
77. Pritchard JD. [Internet]. Ammonia. Toxicological overview. London: Health Protection Agency. [Cited 27 June 2013]. Available at http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb-C/1194947398510.
78. Reeb-Whitaker CK, Paigen B, Beamer WG, Bronson RT, Churchill GA, Schweitzer IB, Myers DD. 2001. The impact of reduced frequency of cage changes on the health of mice housed in ventilated cages. Lab Anim 35:58-73.
79. Reynolds SJ, Donham KJ, Whitten P, Merchant JA, Burmeister LF, Popendorf WJ. 1996. Longitudinal evaluation of dose-response relationships for environmental exposures and pulmonary function in swine production workers. Am J Ind Med 29:33-40.
80. Rider P, Carmi Y, Guttman O, Braiman A, Cohen I, Voronov E, White MR, Dinarello CA, Apte RN. 2011. IL1α and IL1β recruit different myeloid cells and promote different stages of sterile inflammation. J Immunol 187:4835-4843.
81. Riskowski GL, Harrison PC, Memarzadeh F. 2006. Mass generation rates of ammonia, moisture, and heat production in mouse cages with 2 bedding types, 2 mouse strains, and 2 room relative humidities. Am Soc Heat Refrig Air Cond Eng Trans 112:135-144.
82. Rosenbaum MD, VandeWoude S, Johnson TE. 2009. Effects of cage-change frequency and bedding volume on mice and their microenvironment. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 48:763-773.
83. Rosenbaum MD, VandeWoude S, Volckens J, Johnson T. 2010. Disparities in ammonia, temperature, humidity, and airborne particulate matter between the micro-and macroenvironments of mice in individually ventilated caging. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 49:177-183.
84. Sahlander K, Larsson K, Palmberg L. 2012. Daily exposure to dust alters innate immunity. PLoS ONE 7:e31646.
85. Saito M, Nakayama K, Muto T, Nakagawa M. 1982. Effects of gaseous ammonia on Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice and rats. Jikken Dobutsu 31:203-206.
86. Saxena S, Kumar R, Madan T, Gupta V, Muralidhar K, Sarma PU. 2005. Association of polymorphisms in pulmonary surfactant protein A1 and A2 genes with high-altitude pulmonary edema. Chest 128:1611-1619.
87. Schoeb TR, Davidson MK, Lindsey JR. 1982. Intracage ammonia promotes growth of Mycoplasma pulmonis in the respiratory tract of rats. Infect Immun 38:212-217.
88. Sever-Chroneos Z, Krupa A, Davis J, Hasan M, Yang CH, Szeliga J, Herrmann M, Hussain M, Geisbrecht BV, Kobzik L, Chroneos ZC. 2011. Surfactant protein A (SPA)-mediated clearance of Staphylococcus aureus involves binding of SPA to the staphylococcal adhesin EAP and the macrophage receptors SPA receptor 210 and scavenger receptor class A. J Biol Chem 286:4854-4870.
89. Shimada K, Crother TR, Karlin J, Chen S, Chiba N, Ramanujan VK, Vergnes L, Ojcius DM, Arditi M. 2011. Caspase-1-dependent IL1β secretion is critical for host defense in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection. PLoS ONE 6:e21477.
90. Silverman J, Bays DW, Baker SP. 2009. Ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations in disposable and reusable static mouse cages. Lab Anim (NY) 38:16-23.
91. Silverman J, Bays DW, Cooper SF, Baker SP. 2008. Ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations in disposable and reusable ventilated mouse cages. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 47:57-62.
92. Smith E, Stockwell JD, Schweitzer I, Langley SH, Smith AL. 2004. Evaluation of cage microenvironment of mice housed on various types of bedding materials. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 43:12-17.
93. Sun X, Jones HP, Hodge LM, Simecka JW. 2006. Cytokine and chemokine transcription profile during Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in susceptible and resistant strains of mice: macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (CCL4) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (CCL8) and accumulation of CCR5 + Th cells. Infect Immun 74:5943-5954.
94. Thomsen M, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Dahl M. 2011. Scavenger receptor AI/II truncation, lung function, and COPD: a large population-based study. J Intern Med 269:340-348.
95. US Department of Labor Occupational Health and Safety. [Internet]. Occupational safety and health guideline for ammonia. [Cited 27 June 2013]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-123/pdfs/0028-rev.pdf. Occupational Safety and Health.
96. Varma-Basil M, Dwivedi SK, Kumar K, Pathak R, Rastogi R, Thukral SS, Shariff M, Vijayan VK, Chhabra SK, Chaudhary R. 2009. Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Med Microbiol 58:322-326.
97. Vogelweid CM, Zapien KA, Honigford MJ, Li L, Li H, Marshall H. 2011. Effects of a 28-day cage-change interval on intracage ammonia levels, nasal histology, and perceived welfare of CD1 mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 50:868-878.
98. Wang G, Guo X, Diangelo S, Thomas NJ, Floros J. 2010. Humanized SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 transgenic mice reveal functional divergence of SPA1 and SPA2: formation of tubular myelin in vivo requires both gene products. J Biol Chem 285:11998-12010.
99. Wang G, Phelps DS, Umstead TM, Floros J. 2000. Human SPA protein variants derived from 1 or both genes stimulate TNFa production in the THP1 cell line. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278:L946-L954.
100. Wang Y, Voelker DR, Lugogo NL, Wang G, Floros J, Ingram JL, Chu HW, Church TD, Kandasamy P, Fertel D, Wright JR, Kraft M. 2011. Surfactant protein A is defective in abrogating inflammation in asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 301:L598-L606.
101. Winkler AR, Nocka KH, Sulahian TH, Kobzik L, Williams CM. 2008. In vitro modeling of human alveolar macrophage smoke exposure: enhanced inflammation and impaired function. Exp Lung Res 34:599-629.
102. World Health Organization. [Internet]. Hazard prevention and control in the work environment: airborne dust. [Cited 2 July 2013]. Available at: http://www.who.int/occupational-health/publications/en/oehairbornedust.pdf. Geneva.
103. Wu Q, Case SR, Minor MN, Jiang D, Martin RJ, Bowler RP, Wang J, Hartney J, Karimpour-Fard A, Chu HW. 2013. A novel function of MUC18: amplification of lung inflammation during bacterial infection. Am J Pathol 182:819-827.
104. Wu Q, Martin RJ, Lafasto S, Efaw BJ, Rino JG, Harbeck RJ, Chu HW. 2008. Toll-like receptor 2 downregulation in established mouse allergic lungs contributes to decreased Mycoplasma clearance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:720-729.
105. Xu J, Zheng SL, Komiya A, Mychaleckyj JC, Isaacs SD, Hu JJ, Sterling D, Lange EM, Hawkins GA, Turner A, Ewing CM, Faith DA, Johnson JR, Suzuki H, Bujnovszky P, Wiley KE, DeMarzo AM, Bova GS, Chang B, Hall MC, McCullough DL, Partin AW, Kassabian VS, Carpten JD, Bailey-Wilson JE, Trent JM, Ohar J, Bleecker ER, Walsh PC, Isaacs WB, Meyers DA. 2002. Germline mutations and sequence variants of the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene are associated with prostate cancer risk. Nat Genet 32:321-325.
106. Xu WY, Wang L, Wang HM, Wang YQ, Liang YF, Zhao TT, Wu YZ. 2007. TLR2 and TLR4 agonists synergistically upregulate SRA in RAW264.7 through p38. Mol Immunol 44:2315-2323.
107. Yang J, Hooper WC, Phillips DJ, Talkington DF. 2002. Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 70:3649-3655.
108. York JM, McDaniel AW, Blevins NA, Guillet RR, Allison SO, Cengel KA, Freund GG. 2012. Individually ventilated cages cause chronic low-grade hypoxia impacting mice hematologically and behaviorally. Brain Behav Immun 26:951-958.
109. Zhang Y, Lin X, Koga K, Takahashi K, Linge HM, Mello A, Laragione T, Gulko PS, Miller EJ. 2011. Strain differences in alveolar neutrophil infiltration and macrophage phenotypes in an acute lung inflammation model. Mol Med 17:780-789.
110. Zhou H, Imrich A, Kobzik L. 2008. Characterization of immortalized MARCO and SRAI/II-deficient murine alveolar macrophage cell lines. Part Fibre Toxicol 5:7.