Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in community-acquired pneumonia and exacerbations of COPD or asthma: Therapeutic considerations

Journal of Chemotherapy

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 70-76

  Meloni, F ^a   Paschetto, E ^a   Mangiarotti, P ^a   Crepaldi, M ^a   Morosini, M ^a   Bulgheroni, A ^a   Fietta, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Antibiotic treatment; Asthma exacerbations; C. pneumoniae; CAP; COPD exacerbations; M. pneumoniae

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; CHLAMYDIASIS; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA; PUS; SEROLOGY;

EID: 1942487237     PISSN: 1120009X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/joc.2004.16.1.70     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Blasi F, Cosentini R, Tarsia P. Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2000; 13: 161-164.
2. Principi N, Esposito S, Blasi F, Allegra L; Mowgli Study Group. Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 1281-1289.
3. Hammerschlag MR. Chlamydia pneumoniae and the lung. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 1001-1007.
4. Hammerschlag MR. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14: 181-186.
5. Plouffe JF. Importance of atypical pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31: S35-S39.
6. Almirall J, Bolìbar I, Vidal J, et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population based study. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 757-763.
7. Monno R, De Vito D, Losito G, et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia: seven years of experience. J Infect 2002; 45: 135-138.
8. Hahn DL. Chlamydia pneumoniae, asthma, and COPD: what is evidence? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999; 83: 271-288.
9. Kraft M, Cassell GH, Henson JE, et al. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the airways of adults with chronic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 998-1001.
10. Sethi S, Murphy TF. Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2000: a state-of-the-art review. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 336-363.
11. Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Ben-Yaakov M, et al. Infectious etiologies in acute exacerbation of COPD. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 40: 95-102.
12. Lieberman D, Ben-Yaakov M, Lazarovich Z, Ohana B, Boldur I. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of 250 hospitalizations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20: 698-704.
13. Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Printz S, et al. Atypical pathogen infection in adults with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 406-410.
14. Mogulkoc N, Karakurt S, Isalska B, et al. Acute purulent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 349-353.
15. Karnak D, Beng-sun S, Beder S, Kayacan O. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Med 2001; 95: 811-816.
16. Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Paol EA, Bestall JC, Jeffries DJ, We JA. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 1418-1422.
17. Donaldson GC, Seemungal TA, Bhowmik A, Wedzicha JA. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002; 57: 847-852.
18. White AJ, Gompertz S, Stockley RA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 6: The aetiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2003; 58: 73-80.
19. Seemungal TA, Wedzicha JA. Viral infections in obstructive airway diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003; 9: 111-116.
20. Wilson R. Bacteria, antibiotics and COPD. Eur Respir J 2001; 17: 995-1007.
21. Von Hertzen L, Toyryla M, Gimishanov A, et al. Asthma, atopy and Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in adults. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29: 522-528.
22. Soler N, Torres A, Ewig S, et al. Bronchial microbial patterns in severe exacerbations of COPD requiring mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 1498-1505.
23. Atmar RL, Guy E, Guntupalli KK, et al. Respiratory tract viral infections in inner-city asthmatic adults. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 2453-2459.
24. Teichtahl H, Buckmaster N, Pertnikovs E. The incidence of respiratory tract infection in adults requiring hospitalization for asthma. Chest 1997; 112: 591-596.
25. Papadopoulos NG, Johnston SL. Viruses and asthma exacerbations. Thorax 1998; 53: 913-914.
26. Miyashita N, Niki Y, Nakajima M, Kawane H, Matsushima T. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and COPD. Chest 1998; 114: 969-971.
27. Wark PA, Johnston SL, Simpson JL, Hensley MJ, Gibson PG. Chlamydia pneumoniae Immunoglobulin A reactivation and airway inflammation in acute asthma. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 834-840.
28. Blasi F, Cosentini R, Tarsia P, Capone P, Allegra L. Atypical pathogens and asthma: can they influence the natural history of the disease? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2001; 56: 276-280.
29. Cook PJ, Davies P, Tunnicliffe W, Ayres JG, Honeybourne D, Wise R. Chlamydia pneumoniae and asthma. Thorax 1998; 53: 254-259.
30. Routes JM, Nelson HS, Noda JA, Simon FT. Lack of correlation between Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody titers and adult-onset asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105: 391-392.
31. Saikku P. Diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae. Clin Microbiol Infect 1998; 4: S7-S13.
32. Dowell SF, Peeling RW, Boman J, et al. Standardizing Chlamydia pneumoniae assays: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Canada). Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 492-503.
33. Apfalter P, Boman J, Nehr M, et al. Application of blood-based polymerase chain reaction for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in acute respiratory tract infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20: 584-586.
34. American Thoracic Society. Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: S77-S121.
35. th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. 1991, 209-553.
36. Vincent F, Petitjean J, Filmont JE, et al. Acute respiratory Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in adults. Value of direct gene amplification diagnosis. Rev Mal Respir 1999; 16: 1131-1137.
37. Soto FJ, Varkey B. Evidence-based approach to acute exacerbations of COPD. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003; 9: 117-124.
38. Seemungal TA, Harper-Owen R, Bhowmik A, et al. Respiratory viruses, symptoms and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 1618-1623.
39. Seemungal TA, Wedzicha JA, MacCallum PK, Johnston SL, Lambert PA. Chlamydia pneumoniae and COPD exacerbation. Thorax 2002; 57: 1087-1089.
40. Smith CB, Golden CA, Kanner RE, Renzetti AD Jr. Association of viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with acute respiratory illness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 121: 225-232.
41. Hahn DL, Dodge RW, Galubjatnikov R. Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma. JAMA 1991; 266: 225-230.
42. Allegra L, Blasi F, Centanni S, et al. Acute exacerbations of asthma in adults: role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 2165-2168.