메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 22374-22391

Prenatal exposure to arsenic and cadmium impacts infectious disease-related genes within the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway

Author keywords

Arsenic; Cadmium; Environmental toxicant; Epigenome; Genome; Glucocorticoid receptor; In utero; Infectious disease; Pathway; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; CADMIUM; CASPASE 9; GAMMA INTERFERON; GAMMA INTERFERON RECEPTOR 1; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 8; PEPTIDASE; STAT1 PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 1;

EID: 84919362783     PISSN: 16616596     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222374     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 84919384192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO World Health Organization (WHO), accessed on 26 August
    • WHO World Health Organization (WHO). Burden of Disease: Dalys. Available online: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_part4.pdf (accessed on 26 August 2014).
    • (2014) Burden of Disease: Dalys
  • 2
    • 0033813588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: A public health emergency
    • Smith, A.H.; Lingas, E.O.; Rahman, M. Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: A public health emergency. Bull. World Health Organ. 2000, 78, 1093–1103.
    • (2000) Bull. World Health Organ. , vol.78 , pp. 1093-1103
    • Smith, A.H.1    Lingas, E.O.2    Rahman, M.3
  • 3
    • 49349107361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO World Health Organization (WHO), accessed on 26 August
    • WHO World Health Organization (WHO). The Top 10 Causes of Death. Available online: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/ (accessed on 26 August 2014).
    • (2014) The Top 10 Causes of Death
  • 4
    • 33846476673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disease triangle: Pathogens, the environment and society
    • Scholthof, K.B. The disease triangle: Pathogens, the environment and society. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2007, 5, 152–156.
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.5 , pp. 152-156
    • Scholthof, K.B.1
  • 6
    • 7544249739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and infection
    • Arcavi, L.; Benowitz, N.L. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch. Intern. Med. 2004, 164, 2206–2216.
    • (2004) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.164 , pp. 2206-2216
    • Arcavi, L.1    Benowitz, N.L.2
  • 7
    • 0038160331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental exposure to mercury and its toxicopathologic implications for public health
    • Tchounwou, P.B.; Ayensu, W.K.; Ninashvili, N.; Sutton, D. Environmental exposure to mercury and its toxicopathologic implications for public health. Environ. Toxicol. 2003, 18, 149–175.
    • (2003) Environ. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 149-175
    • Tchounwou, P.B.1    Ayensu, W.K.2    Ninashvili, N.3    Sutton, D.4
  • 8
    • 1642442572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure
    • Kamanyire, R.; Karalliedde, L. Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure. Occup. Med. 2004, 54, 69–75.
    • (2004) Occup. Med. , vol.54 , pp. 69-75
    • Kamanyire, R.1    Karalliedde, L.2
  • 9
    • 84919374701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), accessed on 26 August 2014
    • ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2013. Hazardous Substance Priority List. 2013. Available online: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/spl/(accessed on 26 August 2014).
    • (2013) Hazardous Substance Priority List
  • 10
    • 84858202655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh.
    • Uddin, R.; Huda, N.H. Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh. Oman. Med. J. 2011, 26, 207.
    • (2011) Oman. Med. J. , vol.26
    • Uddin, R.1    Huda, N.H.2
  • 12
    • 67649654113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem
    • Järup, L.; Akesson, A. Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2009, 238, 201–208.
    • (2009) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.238 , pp. 201-208
    • Järup, L.1    Akesson, A.2
  • 15
    • 84883746936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In utero and early life arsenic exposure in relation to long-term health and disease
    • Farzan, S.F.; Karagas, M.R.; Chen, Y. In utero and early life arsenic exposure in relation to long-term health and disease. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2013, 272, 384–390.
    • (2013) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.272 , pp. 384-390
    • Farzan, S.F.1    Karagas, M.R.2    Chen, Y.3
  • 16
    • 84898647124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term health consequences of prenatal arsenic exposure: Links to the genome and the epigenome
    • Bailey, K.; Fry, R.C. Long-term health consequences of prenatal arsenic exposure: Links to the genome and the epigenome. Rev. Environ. Health 2014, 29, 9–12.
    • (2014) Rev. Environ. Health , vol.29 , pp. 9-12
    • Bailey, K.1    Fry, R.C.2
  • 19
    • 84868566169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in young adults following in utero and childhood exposure to arsenic in drinking water
    • Smith, A.H.; Marshall, G.; Liaw, J.; Yuan, Y.; Ferreccio, C.; Steinmaus, C. Mortality in young adults following in utero and childhood exposure to arsenic in drinking water. Environ. Health Perspect. 2012, 120, 1527–1531.
    • (2012) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.120 , pp. 1527-1531
    • Smith, A.H.1    Marshall, G.2    Liaw, J.3    Yuan, Y.4    Ferreccio, C.5    Steinmaus, C.6
  • 22
    • 78649728418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal exposure to low-level heavy metals during pregnancy and birth size
    • Shirai, S.; Suzuki, Y.; Yoshinaga, J.; Mizumoto, Y. Maternal exposure to low-level heavy metals during pregnancy and birth size. J. Environ. Sci. Health A 2010, 45, 1468–1474.
    • (2010) J. Environ. Sci. Health A , vol.45 , pp. 1468-1474
    • Shirai, S.1    Suzuki, Y.2    Yoshinaga, J.3    Mizumoto, Y.4
  • 24
    • 0029261255 scopus 로고
    • Long-term developmental outcomes of low birth weight infants
    • Hack, M.; Klein, N.K.; Taylor, H.G. Long-term developmental outcomes of low birth weight infants. Future Child. 1995, 5, 176–196.
    • (1995) Future Child , vol.5 , pp. 176-196
    • Hack, M.1    Klein, N.K.2    Taylor, H.G.3
  • 25
    • 79955867690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic exposure in pregnancy increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infection and diarrhea during infancy in Bangladesh
    • Rahman, A.; Vahter, M.; Ekstrom, E.C.; Persson, L.A. Arsenic exposure in pregnancy increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infection and diarrhea during infancy in Bangladesh. Environ. Health Perspect. 2011, 119, 719–724.
    • (2011) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.119 , pp. 719-724
    • Rahman, A.1    Vahter, M.2    Ekstrom, E.C.3    Persson, L.A.4
  • 29
    • 84868477916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cadmium exposure produces persistent changes to thymus and spleen cell phenotypic repertoire as well as the acquired immune response
    • Holaskova, I.; Elliott, M.; Hanson, M.L.; Schafer, R.; Barnett, J.B. Prenatal cadmium exposure produces persistent changes to thymus and spleen cell phenotypic repertoire as well as the acquired immune response. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2012, 265, 181–189.
    • (2012) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.265 , pp. 181-189
    • Holaskova, I.1    Elliott, M.2    Hanson, M.L.3    Schafer, R.4    Barnett, J.B.5
  • 30
    • 71049160384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cadmium exposure dysregulates sonic hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the thymus resulting in altered thymocyte development
    • Hanson, M.L.; Brundage, K.M.; Schafer, R.; Tou, J.C.; Barnett, J.B. Prenatal cadmium exposure dysregulates sonic hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the thymus resulting in altered thymocyte development. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2010, 242, 136–145.
    • (2010) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.242 , pp. 136-145
    • Hanson, M.L.1    Brundage, K.M.2    Schafer, R.3    Tou, J.C.4    Barnett, J.B.5
  • 31
    • 0035775726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genomics and genetics of human infectious disease susceptibility
    • Hill, A.V. The genomics and genetics of human infectious disease susceptibility. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2001, 2, 373–400.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 373-400
    • Hill, A.V.1
  • 32
    • 34548354870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive effect of subchronic exposure to a mixture of eight heavy metals, found as groundwater contaminants in different areas of India, through drinking water in male rats
    • Jadhav, S.H.; Sarkar, S.N.; Ram, G.C.; Tripathi, H.C. Immunosuppressive effect of subchronic exposure to a mixture of eight heavy metals, found as groundwater contaminants in different areas of India, through drinking water in male rats. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2007, 53, 450–458.
    • (2007) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.53 , pp. 450-458
    • Jadhav, S.H.1    Sarkar, S.N.2    Ram, G.C.3    Tripathi, H.C.4
  • 34
    • 84881010102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood of infants exposed to low levels of arsenic in utero
    • Koestler, D.C.; Avissar-Whiting, M.; Houseman, E.A.; Karagas, M.R.; Marsit, C.J. Differential DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood of infants exposed to low levels of arsenic in utero. Environ. Health Perspect. 2013, 121, 971–977.
    • (2013) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.121 , pp. 971-977
    • Koestler, D.C.1    Avissar-Whiting, M.2    Houseman, E.A.3    Karagas, M.R.4    Marsit, C.J.5
  • 35
    • 85017288973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: Identifying sites of 5-methyl cytosine alterations that predict functional changes in gene expression in newborn cord blood and subsequent birth outcomes
    • Rojas, D.; Rager, J.E.; Smeester, L.; Bailey, K.A.; Drobná, Z.; Rubio-Andrade, M.; Stýblo, M.; García-Vargas, G.; Fry, R.C. Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: Identifying sites of 5-methyl cytosine alterations that predict functional changes in gene expression in newborn cord blood and subsequent birth outcomes. Toxicol. Sci. 2014, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfu210.
    • (2014) Toxicol. Sci
    • Rojas, D.1    Rager, J.E.2    Smeester, L.3    Bailey, K.A.4    Drobná, Z.5    Rubio-Andrade, M.6    Stýblo, M.7    García-Vargas, G.8    Fry, R.C.9
  • 37
    • 0031696147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to inorganic arsenic metabolites during early human development
    • Concha, G.; Vogler, G.; Lezcano, D.; Nermell, B.; Vahter, M. Exposure to inorganic arsenic metabolites during early human development. Toxicol. Sci. 1998, 44, 185–190.
    • (1998) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 185-190
    • Concha, G.1    Vogler, G.2    Lezcano, D.3    Nermell, B.4    Vahter, M.5
  • 38
    • 74149087066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of cadmium in human placenta interacts with the transport of micronutrients to the fetus
    • Kippler, M.; Hoque, A.M.; Raqib, R.; Ohrvik, H.; Ekström, E.C.; Vahter, M. Accumulation of cadmium in human placenta interacts with the transport of micronutrients to the fetus. Toxicol. Lett. 2010, 192, 162–168.
    • (2010) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.192 , pp. 162-168
    • Kippler, M.1    Hoque, A.M.2    Raqib, R.3    Ohrvik, H.4    Ekström, E.C.5    Vahter, M.6
  • 47
    • 73749086643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis of BEAS-2B cells exposed to trivalent arsenicals and dimethylthioarsinic acid
    • Chilakapati, J.; Wallace, K.; Ren, H.; Fricke, M.; Bailey, K.; Ward, W.; Creed, J.; Kitchin, K. Genome-wide analysis of BEAS-2B cells exposed to trivalent arsenicals and dimethylthioarsinic acid. Toxicology 2010, 268, 31–39.
    • (2010) Toxicology , vol.268 , pp. 31-39
    • Chilakapati, J.1    Wallace, K.2    Ren, H.3    Fricke, M.4    Bailey, K.5    Ward, W.6    Creed, J.7    Kitchin, K.8
  • 48
    • 2942530669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products
    • Webster, J.I.; Sternberg, E.M. Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products. J. Endocrinol. 2004, 181, 207–221.
    • (2004) J. Endocrinol. , vol.181 , pp. 207-221
    • Webster, J.I.1    Sternberg, E.M.2
  • 49
    • 84883769810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in health and disease
    • Kadmiel, M.; Cidlowski, J.A. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in health and disease. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2013, 34, 518–530.
    • (2013) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 518-530
    • Kadmiel, M.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 50
    • 0025080435 scopus 로고
    • Arsenite and cadmium(II) as probes of glucocorticoid receptor structure and function
    • Simons, S.S., Jr.; Chakraborti, P.K.; Cavanaugh, A.H. Arsenite and cadmium(II) as probes of glucocorticoid receptor structure and function. J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265, 1938–1945.
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 1938-1945
    • Simons, S.S.1    Chakraborti, P.K.2    Cavanaugh, A.H.3
  • 51
    • 84874611284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems biology and birth defects prevention: Blockade of the glucocorticoid receptor prevents arsenic-induced birth defects
    • Ahir, B.K.; Sanders, A.P.; Rager, J.E.; Fry, R.C. Systems biology and birth defects prevention: Blockade of the glucocorticoid receptor prevents arsenic-induced birth defects. Environ. Health Perspect. 2013, 121, 332-338.
    • (2013) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.121 , pp. 332-338
    • Ahir, B.K.1    Sanders, A.P.2    Rager, J.E.3    Fry, R.C.4
  • 52
    • 4344590003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic at very low concentrations alters glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated gene activation but not GR-mediated gene repression: Complex dose-response effects are closely correlated with levels of activated GR and require a functional GR DNA binding domain
    • Bodwell, J.E.; Kingsley, L.A.; Hamilton, J.W. Arsenic at very low concentrations alters glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated gene activation but not GR-mediated gene repression: Complex dose-response effects are closely correlated with levels of activated GR and require a functional GR DNA binding domain. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2004, 17, 1064-1076.
    • (2004) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.17 , pp. 1064-1076
    • Bodwell, J.E.1    Kingsley, L.A.2    Hamilton, J.W.3
  • 53
  • 54
    • 63449127903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological stress suppresses innate IFN-y production via glucocorticoid receptor activation: Reversal by the anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide
    • Curtin, N.M.; Boyle, N.T.; Mills, K.H.; Connor, T.J. Psychological stress suppresses innate IFN-y production via glucocorticoid receptor activation: Reversal by the anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide. Brain Behav. Immun. 2009, 23, 535-547.
    • (2009) Brain Behav. Immun. , vol.23 , pp. 535-547
    • Curtin, N.M.1    Boyle, N.T.2    Mills, K.H.3    Connor, T.J.4
  • 55
    • 0030043423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand-independent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by ursodeoxycholic acid. Repression of IFN-y-induced MHC class II gene expression via a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway
    • Tanaka, H.; Makino, Y.; Miura, T.; Hirano, F.; Okamoto, K.; Komura, K.; Sato, Y.; Makino, I. Ligand-independent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by ursodeoxycholic acid. Repression of IFN-y-induced MHC class II gene expression via a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway. J. Immunol. 1996, 156, 1601-1608.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 1601-1608
    • Tanaka, H.1    Makino, Y.2    Miura, T.3    Hirano, F.4    Okamoto, K.5    Komura, K.6    Sato, Y.7    Makino, I.8
  • 56
    • 0028848472 scopus 로고
    • Role of interferon-y in immune cell regulation
    • Young, H.A.; Hardy, K.J. Role of interferon-y in immune cell regulation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 1995, 58, 373-381.
    • (1995) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 373-381
    • Young, H.A.1    Hardy, K.J.2
  • 57
    • 0038054446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between tuberculosis and a polymorphic NF-kB binding site in the interferon gamma gene
    • Rossouw, M.; Nel, H.J.; Cooke, GS.; van Helden, P.D.; Hoal, E.G. Association between tuberculosis and a polymorphic NF-kB binding site in the interferon gamma gene. Lancet 2003, 361, 1871-1872.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1871-1872
    • Rossouw, M.1    Nel, H.J.2    Cooke, G.S.3    Van Helden, P.D.4    Hoal, E.G.5
  • 60
    • 44449086793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand regulates its signaling activity through multiple oligomerization states
    • Zhou, Z.; Song, X.; Berezov, A.; Zhang, G.; Li, Y.; Zhang, H.; Murali, R.; Li, B.; Greene, M.I. Human glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand regulates its signaling activity through multiple oligomerization states. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 5465-5470.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 5465-5470
    • Zhou, Z.1    Song, X.2    Berezov, A.3    Zhang, G.4    Li, Y.5    Zhang, H.6    Murali, R.7    Li, B.8    Greene, M.I.9
  • 61
    • 46749136412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When signaling pathways collide: Positive and negative regulation of toll-like receptor signal transduction
    • O’Neill, L.A. When signaling pathways collide: Positive and negative regulation of toll-like receptor signal transduction. Immunity 2008, 29, 12-20.
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.29 , pp. 12-20
    • O’Neill, L.A.1
  • 62
    • 0037204948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-R1 signaling: A beautiful pathway
    • Chen, G.; Goeddel, D.V. TNF-R1 signaling: A beautiful pathway. Science 2002, 296, 1634-1635.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1634-1635
    • Chen, G.1    Goeddel, D.V.2
  • 63
    • 0032806197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor a production by human monocytes involves the Raf-1/MEK1-MEK2/ERK1-ERK2 pathway
    • Van der Bruggen, T.; Nijenhuis, S.; van Raaij, E.; Verhoef, J.; van Asbeck, B.S. Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor a production by human monocytes involves the Raf-1/MEK1-MEK2/ERK1-ERK2 pathway. Infect. Immun. 1999, 67, 3824-3829.
    • (1999) Infect. Immun. , vol.67 , pp. 3824-3829
    • Van Der Bruggen, T.1    Nijenhuis, S.2    Van Raaij, E.3    Verhoef, J.4    Van Asbeck, B.S.5
  • 65
    • 0031030701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scarring trachoma is associated with polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) gene promoter and with elevated TNF-a levels in tear fluid
    • Conway, D.J.; Holland, M.J.; Bailey, R.L.; Campbell, A.E.; Mahdi, OS.; Jennings, R.; Mbena, E.; Mabey, D.C. Scarring trachoma is associated with polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) gene promoter and with elevated TNF-a levels in tear fluid. Infect. Immun. 1997, 65, 1003-1006.
    • (1997) Infect. Immun. , vol.65 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Conway, D.J.1    Holland, M.J.2    Bailey, R.L.3    Campbell, A.E.4    Mahdi, O.S.5    Jennings, R.6    Mbena, E.7    Mabey, D.C.8
  • 66
    • 0028169333 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the TNF-α promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria
    • McGuire, W.; Hill, A.V.; Allsopp, C.E.; Greenwood, B.M.; Kwiatkowski, D. Variation in the TNF-α promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. Nature 1994, 371, 508–510.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 508-510
    • McGuire, W.1    Hill, A.V.2    Allsopp, C.E.3    Greenwood, B.M.4    Kwiatkowski, D.5
  • 70
  • 71
    • 38849107498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible and permanent effects of tobacco smoke exposure on airway epithelial gene expression
    • Beane, J.; Sebastiani, P.; Liu, G.; Brody, J.S.; Lenburg, M.E.; Spira, A. Reversible and permanent effects of tobacco smoke exposure on airway epithelial gene expression. Genome Biol. 2007, 8, R201.
    • (2007) Genome Biol , vol.8
    • Beane, J.1    Sebastiani, P.2    Liu, G.3    Brody, J.S.4    Lenburg, M.E.5    Spira, A.6
  • 72
    • 1342267707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicogenomic analysis of aberrant gene expression in liver tumors and nontumorous livers of adult mice exposed in utero to inorganic arsenic
    • Liu, J.; Xie, Y.; Ward, J.M.; Diwan, B.A.; Waalkes, M.P. Toxicogenomic analysis of aberrant gene expression in liver tumors and nontumorous livers of adult mice exposed in utero to inorganic arsenic. Toxicol. Sci. 2004, 77, 249–257.
    • (2004) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.77 , pp. 249-257
    • Liu, J.1    Xie, Y.2    Ward, J.M.3    Diwan, B.A.4    Waalkes, M.P.5
  • 73
    • 33947310031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility
    • Jirtle, R.L.; Skinner, M.K. Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2007, 8, 253–262.
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 253-262
    • Jirtle, R.L.1    Skinner, M.K.2
  • 74
    • 79952086867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucocorticoid receptor: A revisited target for toxins
    • Marketon, J.I.; Sternberg, E.M. The glucocorticoid receptor: A revisited target for toxins. Toxins 2010, 2, 1357–1380.
    • (2010) Toxins , vol.2 , pp. 1357-1380
    • Marketon, J.I.1    Sternberg, E.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.