China's war on terrorism: Counter-insurgency, politics, and internal security

China's War on Terrorism: Counter-Insurgency, Politics, and Internal Security

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-196

  Wayne, Martin I ^a  

^a NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917107106     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203936139     Document Type: Book

References (425)

1. AFX.com (6/28/2004) "Chinese PM Wen Calls for 'Greater Democracy in International Relations.' "
2. Agence France Presse (3/6/1997) "China Proposes Terrorism Laws after Tibet, Xinjiang Bombings" Posted on World Tibet Network News (www.tibet.ca).
3. Agence France Presse (1/29/1999) "Chronology of China Bombs and Mystery Blasts."
4. Agence France Presse (8/7/2003) "China Flexes Military Muscle in Anti-Terror Exercises."
5. Agence France Presse (4/21/2004) "FBI Chief Warns of Terrorist Attacks in Asia."
6. Agence France Presse (5/18/2004) "China, Kazakhstan Agree to Build 3,000-kilometer Oil Pipeline."
7. Agence France Presse (5/26/2004) "Amnesty Slams China Over Little Progress, and Some Steps Back, On Rights."
8. Agence France Presse (6/15/2004) "Chinese Leader Starts Uzbekistan Trip With Security Talks."
9. Agence France Presse (7/7/2004) "Amnesty Slams China for Using War on Terror to Persecute Uighurs."
10. Agence France Presse (8/25/2005) "China Steps up Pre-anniversary Crackdown on Xinjiang Separatists."
11. Ajami, Fouad (January/February 2003) "Iraq and the Arab's Future" Foreign Affairs.
12. Aljazeera (1/11/2005) "Chinese Muslims Too Scared to Talk" www.aljazeera.net.
13. Amnesty International (2004) "People's Republic of China: Uighurs Fleeing Persecution as China Wages its 'War on Terrorism'."
14. Ang, Audra (4/21/2004) "FBI Head Says Some People in China have 'Desire to Utilize Terrorist Acts' " Associated Press Worldstream.
15. Ang, Audra (9/25/2005) "China Imposes New Rules on News Web Sites" Associated Press.
16. Anonymous [aka Michael Scheuer] (2002) Through Our Enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden, Radical Islam, and the Future of America, Washington, DC: Brassey's.
17. Anonymous [aka Michael Scheuer] (2004) Imperial Hubris: Why The West Is Losing The War On Terror, Washington, DC: Brassey's.
18. Ardila, Ruben (2002) "The Psychology of the Terrorist: Behavioral Perspectives" in C.E. Stout 2002) The Psychology of Terrorism, Westport: Praeger.
19. Armstrong, David (1998) "Globalization and the Social State" Review of International Studies.
20. Arquilla, John and David Ronfeld (2001) Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy, Office of the Secretary of Defense, National Defense Research Institute: RAND.
21. Art, Robert J. (1996) "The Fungibility of Force" Security Studies, Volume 5, Number 4 reprinted in Art and Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics Sixth Edition, Lanham: Roman & Littlefield.
22. www.asianews.it (10/1/2005) "Maximum alert in Xinjiang against 'separatism' and 'terrorism.'"
23. Atran, Scott (3/7/2003) "Genesis of Suicide Terrorism" Science, Volume 299.
24. Ayoob, Mohammed (1998) "Subaltern Realism: International Relations Theory Meets the Third World" in Stephanie G. Neuman (ed.) (1998) International Relations Theory and the Third World, New York: St. Martin's Press.
25. Bartholomew, Carolyn (6/16/2004) Testimony to House Armed Services Committee.
26. Basken, Paul and Demian McLean (12/20/2004) "China's Thirst for Oil Undercuts U.S. Effort to Reign in Iran (update 2)" Bloomberg, posted on www.globalsecurity.org.
27. BBC Monitoring (6/26/2004) Untitled report on Kashgar to Khorughn bus line.
28. News.BBC.co.uk (12/27/1999) "Call for Crackdown in Xinjiang."
29. News.BBC.co.uk (6/25/2000) "Iran Forges Links with China's Muslims."
30. News.BBC.co.uk (3/12/2004) "Madrid Attacks Timeline."
31. News.BBC.co.uk (9/14/2004) "Troops Sent to Protect China Dam: China is Reported To Have Sent Heavily Armed Troops to Protect its Huge Three Gorges Dam Against Terrorist Attack."
32. News.BBC.co.uk (11/1/2004) "Ethnic Violence Hits China Region."
33. News.BBC.co.uk (11/1/2004) "Timeline: Al-Qaeda."
34. News.BBC.co.uk (3/7/2005) "China's Intolerance of Dissent."
35. News.BBC.co.uk (3/10/2005) "Madrid Bombing Suspects."
36. News.BBC.co.uk (4/12/2005) "China 'Crushing Muslim Uighurs.' "
37. News.BBC.co.uk (7/9/2005) "Tube Bombs 'Almost Simultaneous.' "
38. News.BBC.co.uk (7/18/2005) "Three UK Bombers Visited Pakistan."
39. News.BBC.co.uk (8/4/2005) "Al Qaeda 'Blames Blair for Bombs.' "
40. News.BBC.co.uk (9/2/2005) "London Bomber Video Aired on TV."
41. News.BBC.co.uk (11/1/2005) "Timeline: London Bombing Developments."
42. News.BBC.co.uk (11/4/2005) "London Attacks: The Investigation: Bomb Cache."
43. Becquelin, Nicolas (2004) "Criminalizing Ethnicity: Political Repression in Xinjiang" On The Margins, China Rights Forum No. 1, 2004.
44. Bell, J. Bowyer (1998) The Dynamics of the Armed Struggle, London: Frank Cass.
45. Benjamin, Daniel (11/18/2005) "A Breeding Ground in Iraq" Boston Globe, A19.
46. Benjamin, Daniel and Gabriel Weimann (10/27/2004) "What the Terrorists Have in Mind" NYTimes.com.
47. Bensahel, Nora (8/9/2005) "Gauging Counterinsurgency" Baltimore Sun, www.rand.org/commentary080905BS.html.
48. Benson, Linda (2004) "Education and Social Mobility among Minority Populations in Xinjiang" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
49. Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (1999) Greed & Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, Boulder: Lynne Reinner.
50. Berntsen, Gary and Ralph Pezzullo (2005) Jawbreaker: The Attack on Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda, New York: Crown Publishers.
51. Blanchard, Ben (1/20/2006) "China Arrests Rise in Restive Xinjiang" Reuters.
52. Blanchard, Ben (3/9/2007) "Xinjiang Sees Less Terrorist Activity" Reuters.
53. Blasko, Dennis J. (2006) The Chinese Army Today: Tradition and Transformation for the 21st Century, London: Routledge.
54. Blasko, Dennis J. (2007) "People's War in the Twenty-First Century" in Finkelstein, David M. and Kristen Gunness (eds) (2007) Civil-Military Relations in Today's China: Swimming in a New Sea, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
55. Blass, Thomas (2000) "The Milgram Paradigm After 35 Years: Some Things We Now Know About Obedience to Authority" in Blass, Thomas (2000) Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
56. Bonner, Raymond (10/7/2005) "Bali Suicide Bombers Said to Have Belonged to Small Gang" New York Times.
57. Bonner, Raymond (10/27/2005) "Slow Progress in Bali Inquiry Hints at Wilier Terror Groups" New York Times.
58. Bonner, Raymond and Carlos H. Conde (10/9/2005) "Fugitives Elude Wide Manhunt Over Bali Blasts" New York Times.
59. Bonner, Raymond and Jane Perlez (10/3/2005) "Macabre Clues Advance Inquiry in Bali Attacks" New York Times.
60. Boot, Max (2002) The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power, New York: Basic Books.
61. Bovingdon, Gardner (2004) "Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han Nationalist Imperatives and Uyghur Discontent" Policy Series 11, East-West Center, Washington, DC.
62. Bovingdon, Gardner (2004) "Contested Histories" in Starr, S. Fredrick (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
63. Bradsher, Keith (3/8/2003) "China Sees Caspian Oil as Alternative to Mideast" International Herald Tribune, www.iht.com.
64. Bradsher, Keith (12/6/2004) "The Two Faces of China" NYTimes.com.
65. Bradsher, Keith (12/12/2004) "In Taiwan Ballot, Ties With Beijing Seem to Be a Winner" NYTimes.com.
66. Brinton, Crane (1938/1965) The Anatomy of Revolution, New York: Random House.
67. Brown, Harold, Joseph W. Prueher, and Adam Segal (2003) Chinese Military Power, New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
68. Brown, Michael E. (1993) Ethnic Conflict and International Security, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
69. Buckley, Chris (1/26/2006) "China to 'Strike Hard' Against Rising Unrest" Reuters.
70. Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins (2006) Alms for Jihad: Charity and Terrorism in the Islamic World, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 45-7, 156-80.
71. Buzan, Barry (1994) "The Level of Analysis Problem in International Relations Reconsidered" in Booth and Smith: International Relations Theory Today, Cambridge: Polity Press.
72. Cao Zhiheng (1/8/2007) "The Xinjiang Public Security Organ Destroys a Terrorist Training Camp" Xinhua Domestic Service, www.openssource.gov.
73. Campbell, Kenneth J. (2001) Genocide and the Global Village, New York: Palgrave.
74. Chalk, Peter and William Rosenau (10/30/2003) "Intelligence, Police, and Counterterrorism:Assessing Post-9/11 Initiatives" RAND.
75. Chang, I-wei J. (7/11/2004) "China's Ascendency Eyed Warily; Some Fear Beijing Will Lose Self-Restraint with Major Power Status" Washington Times, A08.
76. Chehab, Zaki (2005) Inside the Resistance: The Iraqi Insurgency and the Future of the Middle East, New York: Nation Books.
77. Chien-peng Chung (July/August 2002) "China's 'War on Terror:' September 11 and Uighur Separatism" Foreign Affairs, Volume 81, Number 4.
78. China Daily (Guo Nei) (7/30/2004) "Pakistan Joins Land Forces Drill in Xinjiang" www.chinadaily.com.cn.
79. China-embassy.org (4/4/2004) "Official: Xinjiang Enjoying Stability and Development" www.china-embassy.org (accessed 10/11/2004).
80. China Intercontinental Press (2002) Xinjiang, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press.
81. Chinese Communist Party, (2005) Zhongguo Gongchandang Yu Xinjiang Minzu Wenti.
82. Chinoy, Mike (4/22/2004) "Beijing Doctors Cheney's Speech" Cnn.com.
83. Christensen, Thomas J. (2002) "China" in Ellings and Friedberg (eds) Strategic Asia 2002-03: Asian Aftershocks, Seattle: National Bureau of Asian Research.
84. Christensen, Thomas J. (Summer 2006) "Foserting Stability or Creating a Monster? The Rise of China and U.S. Policy toward East Asia" International Security, Volume 31, Number 1.
85. Chung, Andrew (5/30/2004) "Wrecking Crews of Kashgar" Toronto Star, F02.
86. Clarke, Richard A. (2004) Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror, New York: Simon and Schuster.
87. Clausewitz, Karl von (1943) On War in Carr, Caleb (2000) The Book of War, New York:The Modern Library.
88. Clutterbuck, Lindsay (2004) "Law Enforcement" in Cronin, Audry and Ludes (2004) Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
89. Cody, Edward (12/3/2004) "Chinese Officials Seek to Pump Up the Party" Washington Post, A22.
90. Cody, Edward (12/8/2004) "In China, an About-Face on AIDS Prevention: Once-Reluctant Government Increasingly Promoting Efforts to Battle Spread of Disease" Washington Post, A26.
91. Cody, Edward (1/24/2005) "System No Help to China's Laid-off Workers" Washington Post, A12.
92. Cody, Edward (8/1/2005) "74,000 Mass Incidents. Now that is something..." Washingtonpost.com.
93. Cody, Edward (12/21/2005) "Chinese Police Bring Villagers to Heel After Latest Uprising" The Washington Post.
94. Coll, Steve (2004) Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001, New York: The Penguin Press.
95. Collier, Paul "Doing Well out of War: An Economic Perspective" in Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (1999) Greed & Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, Boulder: Lynne Reinner.
96. Congleton, Roger D. (Summer 2002) "Terrorism, Interest-Group Politics, and Public Policy: Curtailing Criminal Modes of Political Speech" The Independent Review, Volume VII, Number 1.
97. Cordsman, Anthony (3/15/2007) "The Long War: The United States as a Self-Inflicted Wound" presentation at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, conference on Rethinking and Resourcing the "Long War."
98. Council on Foreign Relations (undated, accessed 6/18/2004) "China" www.cfrterrorism.org.
99. Council on Foreign Relations (undated, accessed 6/18/2004) "East Turkistan Islamic Movement" www.cfrterrorism. org.
100. Cox, Robert W. (1986) "Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory" in Keohane, Robert O. (ed.) (1986) Neorealism and its Critics, New York: Columbia University Press.
101. Crenshaw, Martha (2004) "Terrorism, Strategies, and Grand Strategies" in Cronin and Ludes (2004) Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington, DC:Georgetown University Press.
102. Crile, George (2003) Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
103. Cronin, Audrey Kurth (Winter 2002/2003) "Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism" International Security, Volume 27, Number 3.
104. Cronin, Audrey Kurth (2004) "Sources of Contemporary Terrorism" in Cronin and Ludes (2004) Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
105. Cronin, Audrey Kurth and James M. Ludes (eds) (2004) Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
106. Dautcher, Jay (2004) "Public Health and Social Pathologies in Xinjiang" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
107. David, Steven R. (1998) "The Primacy of Internal War" in Neuman, Stephanie G. (ed.) (1998) International Relations Theory and the Third World, New York: St. Martin's Press.
108. Davis, A. (4/1/2003) "Xinjiang Separatists Lose Ground" Jane's Terrorism & Security Monitor.
109. Department of State (April 2004; 6/22/2004), Patterns of Global Terrorism 2003, www.state.gov.
110. Department of State (12/19/2002) "The War Against Terrorism And Human Rights" Speech by Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Lorne W. Craner at Xinjiang University, www.state.gov.
111. Diamond, Jared (1997/1999) Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
112. Diamond, Jared (2004) Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, New York: Viking.
113. Diamond, Larry (1999) Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
114. Diamond, Larry (2005) Squandered Victory: The American Occupation and the Bungled Effort to Bring Democracy to Iraq, New York: Times Books.
115. Dillon, Michael (2004) Xinjiang - China's Muslim Far Northwest, London: RoutledgeCurzon.
116. Durkheim, Emile (1895/2003) "What is a Social Fact?" in Delanty, Gerard and Piet Strydom (2003) Philosophies of Social Science: The Classic and Contemporary Readings, Maidenhead: Open University Press and McGraw-Hill.
117. Durkheim, Emile (1974) "Individual and Collective Representations" in Emirbayer, Mustafa (ed.) (2003) Emile Durkheim: Sociologist of Modernity, Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
118. Durkheim, Emile (1984/2003) The Division of Labor in Society in Emirbayer, Mustafa (ed.) (2003) Emile Durkheim: Sociologist of Modernity, Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
119. Durkheim, Emile (1995/2003) The Elementary Forms of Religious Life in Emirbayer, Mustafa (ed.) (2003) Emile Durkheim: Sociologist of Modernity, Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
120. Durkheim, Emile and Marcel Mauss (1963/2003) Primitive Classification in Emirbayer, Mustafa (ed.) (2003) Emile Durkheim: Sociologist of Modernity, Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
121. Economist.com (3/28/2002) "Tarred with bin Laden's Brush: Muslims in China."
122. Economist.com (5/2/2002) "A New Force in Central Asia: Americans in a Strange Land: Will Intervention Foster Democracy?."
123. Economist.com (7/4/2002) "Dam Shame: What Happens to the Villagers who Dare to Protest."
124. The Economist Intelligence Unit (1/4/2002) "China: Don't Forget the People" www.eiu.com.
125. Elegant, Simon and Andrew Perrin (10/13/2003) "Asia's Terror Threat: One Year After The Carnage of Bali, a Top Terrorist's Confessions Suggest Asia is as Vulnerable As Ever" Time Asia, Volume 162, Number 14.
126. Emirbayer, Mustafa (ed.) (2003) Emile Durkheim: Sociologist of Modernity, Malden:Blackwell Publishing.
127. Ensor, David (12/21/2005) "Winning the War on Terror" CNN Presents.
128. Esposito, John L. (2002) Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam, New York: Oxford University.
129. Fan, Maureen (1/9/2007) "Raid by Chinese Kills 18 at Alleged Terror Camp" Washington Post, A12.
130. Fearon, James D. and David D. Laitin (2000) "Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity" International Organization, Volume 54, Number 4.
131. Fearon, James D. (2003) "Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War" American Political Science Review, Volume 97, Number 1.
132. Feer.com (7/11/2002) "China Briefing: Oil Giants Sign on to Pipeline Plan" Far Eastern Economic Review.
133. Finnemore, Martha (1996) "Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention" in Katzenstein, Peter J. (ed.) (1996) The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, New York: Columbia University Press.
134. Forbes, Hugh Donald (2003) "Toward A Science of Ethnic Conflict?" Journal of Democracy, Volume 14, Number 4.
135. Forney, Matthew (date unknown) "Xinjiang: One Nation Divided" www.timeasia.com/time/asia/features/xinjiang/cover.html.
136. Foxnews.com (2/1/2002) "Suicide Bomb Kills Two in China" www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,444,92.html.
137. French, Howard W. (1/15/2005) "China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power" NYTimes.com.
138. French, Howard W. (8/24/2005) "Land of 74,000 Protests (but Little Is Ever Fixed)" New York Times.
139. French, Howard W. (1/17/2006) "Police in China Battle Villagers in Land Protest" NYTimes.com.
140. Friedberg, Aaron L. (1998) "Ripe for Rivalry: Prospects for Peace in a Multipolar Asia" in Brown, Michael E., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller (1998) East Asian Security, Cambridge: MIT Press.
141. Fukuyama, Francis (2004) State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
142. Fuller, Graham E. and Jonathan N. Lipman (2004) "Islam in Xinjiang" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
143. Gallagher, Mary E. (April 2002) "Reform and Openness: Why China's Economic Reforms Have Delayed Democracy" World Politics 54.
144. Galula, David (1964/2006) Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice, Westport:Praeger Security International.
145. Galula, David (Summer 2006/1963) "From Algeria to Iraq: All But Forgotten Lessons from Nearly 50 Years Ago" RAND Review, Volume 30, Number 2.
146. George, Alexander L. (1991) "Coercive Diplomacy" Reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
147. Gershman, Carl (7/7/2004) President of National Endowment for Democracy, Remarks on Supplementary Grant.
148. Gladney, Dru C. (2000) "China's Interest in Central Asia: Energy and Ethnic Security" in Ebel, Robert and Rajan Menon (eds) (2000) Energy and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucusus, Lanham: National Bureau of Asian Research, Rowman & Littlefield.
149. Gladney, Dru C. (2002) "China's Uyghur Dilemma" Project Syndicate, www.projectsyndicate. cz/series/series_text.php4id=770.
150. Gladney, Dru C. (September 2002) "Xinjiang: China's Future West Bank?" Current History.
151. Gladney, Dru C. (6/5/2003) "China's Xinjiang Problem" Center for Strategic and International Studies, www.csis.org/china/030605gladneyppt.pdf.
152. Gladney, Dru C. (2004) Dislocating China: Reflections on Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects, London: University of Chicago Press.
153. Gladney, Dru C. (2004) "Responses to Chinese Rule: Patterns of Cooperation and Opposition" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
154. Gladney, Dru C. (2004) "The Chinese Program of Development and Control, 1978-2001" in Starr, S. Frederick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
155. Gladney, Dru C. (2006) "Xinjiang" in Reveron, Derek S. and Jefferey Stevenson Murer (2006) Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism, New York: Routledge.
156. www.globalsecurity.org (accessed 1/7/2006) "Ministry of Public Security: Intelligence:Operations."
157. www.globalsecurity.org (accessed 1/8/2006) "J-7 (Jian-7 Fighter aircraft 7)/F-7."
158. www.globalsecurity.org (accessed 1/8/2006) "Intelligence: People's Armed Police."
159. Glover, Jonathan (1999) Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century, New Haven: Yale Nota Bene.
160. Goffman, Erving (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York: Anchor Books.
161. Goffman, Erving (1963) Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
162. Golden, Tim (10/24/2004) "After Terror, a Secret Rewriting of Military Law" NYTimes.com.
163. Goldstone, Jack A. (1991) Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World, Berkeley:University of California Press.
164. Goodman, Peter S. (12/23/2004) "China Invests Heavily in Sudan's Oil Industry; Beijing Supplies Arms Used on Villagers" Washington Post, A1.
165. Goodman, Peter S. (12/26/2004) "China's Ties to Sudan Oil Raise the Stakes in Civil War" Boston Globe, A8.
166. Gourevitch, Philip (1998) We Wish To Inform You That Tomorrow We Will be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda, New York: Picador USA.
167. Gries, Peter Hays (2004) China's New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacy, Berkeley: University of California Press.
168. Gunaratna, Rohan (2002) Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror, New York:Columbia University Press.
169. Gunaratna, Rohan (Summer 2004) "The Post-Madrid Face of Al Qaeda" The Washington Quarterly 27:3.
170. Hale, David (Summer 2004) "China's Growing Appetites" The National Interest.
171. Hammes, Thomas X. (2004) The Sling and the Stone: On War in the 21st Century, St Paul: Zenith Press.
172. Harff, Barbara (February 2003) "No Lessons Learned from the Holocaust? Assessing Risks of Genocide and Political Mass Murder since 1955" American Political Science Review, Volume 97, Number 1.
173. Harkavy, Robert E. and Stephanie G. Neuman (2001) Warfare And The Third World, New York: Palgrave.
174. Hewitt, Duncan (5/29/2000) "China Clampdown on Muslim Region" http://news.bbc.co.uk.
175. Hill, John (3/3/2004) "China Publishes Xinjiang 'Terrorists' List' " Jane's Sentinel.
176. Hillis, Scott and Eric Auchard (12/7/2004) "IBM Selling PC Unit to China's Lenovo" Reuters, abcnews.go.com.
177. Hobsbawm, Eric (1994) The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991, New York: Vintage Books.
178. Hoffman, Bruce (5/5/2003) "Al Qaeda, Trends in Terrorism, and Future Potentialities: an Assessment" paper presented at RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy and Geneva Center for Security Policy 3rd Annual Conference, The Middle East After Afghanistan and Iraq Geneva, P-8078, RAND, Santa Monica.
179. Hoffman, Bruce (June 2004) "Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Iraq" RAND National Security Research Division Occasional Paper OP-127-IPC/CMEPP.
180. Hoffman, Bruce (9/29/2005) "Does our Counter-Terrorism Strategy match the Threat?" Statement before the Committee on International Relations Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Nonproliferation United States House of Representatives.
181. Hoffman, Bruce (2006) Inside Terrorism, New York: Columbia University Press.
182. Hoffman, Bruce (3/25/2007) "We Can't Win If We Don't Know the Enemy" Washington Post.
183. Horowitz, Donald L. (1985/2000) Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
184. Hoyt, Timothy D. (2004) "Military Force" in Cronin and Ludes (2004) Attacking Terrorism:Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
185. Hudson, Rex A. (September 1999) The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? The Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Washington, DC.
186. Hujazi, Akram (1/13/2007) "China under the Microscope of the SalafiJihadist" alommh. net.
187. Human Rights Watch (October 2001) "Human Rights Concerns in Xinjiang; Xinjiang after September 11th" Human Rights Watch backgrounder www.hrw.org.
188. Human Rights Watch (posting date unknown, downloaded 7/12/2002) Xinjiang, China's Restive Northwest www.hrw.org.
189. Human Rights Watch (4/2005) "Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang" www.hrw.org.
190. Human Rights Watch (12/31/2005) "Essential Background Overview of Human Rights Issues in China" www.hrw.org.
191. Human Rights Watch (1/18/2006) Human Rights Watch World Report 2006 www.hrw.org.
192. Huntington, Samuel P. (1968) Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven: Yale University Press.
193. Huntington, Samuel P. (1991) The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, Norman:University of Oklahoma Press.
194. Huntington, Samuel P. (spring, 1993) "Why International Primacy Matters" International Security, 17:4.
195. Huntington, Samuel P. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York:Touchstone, Simon and Schuster.
196. Huus, Kari (date unknown) "Where China Fits in a 'War on Terrorism:' Sino-American Ties Transformed by Sept. 11" www.msnbc.com/news/697546.asp#BODY.
197. Hu Jintao (5/27/2005) speaking to the 4th Ethnic Working Meeting of the State Council, CCTV 9.
198. Hu Xiao (China Daily) (12/27/2004) "White Paper: Strong Army Ensures China Unity" www.chinadaily.com.cn.
199. Ikenberry, G. John (September/October 2002) "America's Imperial Ambition" Foreign Affairs, reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
200. Information Office of State Council (1/21/2002) "East Turkistan Terrorist Forces Cannot Get Away with Impunity" [People's Republic of China].
201. International Institute for Strategic Studies (yearly with various publishers: 1990 through 2006) The Military Balance Islamonline.net (11/30/2005) "Activist Slams China's Anti-Muslims 'Opportunistic Bid.' "
202. International Institute for Strategic Studies (12/16/2005) "US Congress Told of Chinese Muslims' Plight" Islamonline.net.
203. Jackson-Han, Sarah (1/31/2006) "China Struggles to Keep Lid on Popular Unrest" Radio Free Asia.
204. Jane's (3/6/2006) "Uighur Separatists" Jane's Terrorism and Insurgency Centre, (accessed 11/8/2006).
205. Jane's (1/13/1998) "Beijing has executed 16 people accused..." Jane's Terrorism and Insurgency Centre.
206. Jane's (8/18/1998) "Uighur Muslim Separatists attacked targets..." Jane's Terrorism and Insurgency Centre (accessed 10/3/2006).
207. Jenkins, Brian M. (1975) "International Terrorism" in Carlton and Schaerf (eds) (1975) International Terrorism and World Security, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Reprinted in Art and Waltz, eds. (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Roman and Littlefield.
208. Jenkins, Brian M. (Summer 2006) "True Grit: To Counter Terror, We Must Conquer Our Own Fear" RAND Review, Volume 30, Number 2.
209. Jenkins, Brian M. (2006) Unconquerable Nation: Knowing Our Enemy, Strengthening Ourselves, Santa Monica: RAND.
210. Joes, Anthony James (2004) Resisting Rebellion: The History and Politics of Counterinsurgency, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
211. Johnson, Chalmers (2000/2001) Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, New York: Owl Books, Henry Holt and Company.
212. Johnson, Tim (9/23/2004) "In Own 'War on Terrorism' China Leans Brutally on Restive Muslim Uighur Minority" Knight Ridder Newspapers.
213. Johnson, Tim (9/30/2004) "Uighur Minority Subdued Under Chinese Repression: Brutal Crackdown Has Been Reported By Human Rights Groups" Detroit Free Press, www.freep.com.
214. Johnston, Alistair Iain (1995) Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
215. Johnston, Alistair Iain (1998) "China's New 'Old Thinking': The Concept of Limited Deterrence" in Brown, Michael E., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller (1998) East Asian Security, Cambridge: MIT Press.
216. Johnston, Alastair Iain and Daniela Stockmann (2007) "Chinese Attitudes toward the United States and Americans" in Katzenstein, Peter J. and Robert O. Keohane (2007) Anti-Americanisms in World Politics, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
217. Joseph, Anil K. (8/27/2005) "Xinjiang Launches 'People's War' Against Terrorism" Antara News (Indonesia).
218. Kahn, Joseph (11/1/2004) "Martial Law Declared as Nearly 150 Die in Clashes in Central China" NYTimes.com.
219. Kahn, Joseph (11/25/2004) "Competing for Souls: Violence Taints Religion's Solace for China's Poor" NYTimes.com.
220. Kahn, Joseph (9/21/2005) "Deep Flaws, and Little Justice, in China's Court System" New York Times.
221. Kahn, Joseph (9/26/2005) "China Tightens Its Restrictions for News Media on the Internet" NYTimes.com.
222. Kahn, Joseph (12/3/2005) "Torture is 'Widespread' in China, U.N. Investigator Says" NYTimes.com.
223. Kahn, Joseph (12/12/2005) "Military Officer Tied to Killings is Held by China" NYTimes.com.
224. Kahn, Joseph (12/13/2005) "Legal Gadfly Bites Hard, and Beijing Slaps Him" NYTimes.com.
225. Kahn, Joseph (3/12/2007) "Police Restore Order in Hunan Province after Riots" New York Times.
226. Kan, Shirley A. (12/7/2004) "U.S.-China Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: Issues for U.S. Policy" Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
227. Kan, Shirley A. (6/27/2006) "U.S.-China Counterterrorism Cooperation: Issues for U.S. Policy" Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
228. Kasfir, Nelson (2004) "Domestic Anarchy, Security Dilemmas, and Violent Predation:Causes of Failure" in Rotberg, Robert I. (ed.) (2004) When States Fail: Causes and Consequences: Princeton: Princeton University Press.
229. Katzenstein, Peter J. (ed.) (1996) The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, New York: Columbia University Press.
230. Katznelson, Ira (1997/2002) "Structure and Configuration in Comparative Politics" in Lichbach and Zuckerman (eds) Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
231. Kaufmann, Chaim (1996) "Intervention in Ethnic and Ideological Civil Wars" Security Studies, Volume 6, Number 1 Reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder:Rowman & Littlefield.
232. Keen, David (1999) "Incentives and Disincentives for Violence" in Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (1999) Greed & Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, Boulder: Lynne Reinner Publishers.
233. Kepel, Gilles (2004) The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West, Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
234. Kierman, Frank A. Jr. (1954) The Fluke That Saved Formosa, Cambridge: Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
235. Kilcullen, David (Winter 2006-7) "Counter-insurgency Redux" Survival, 48:4.
236. Kinzer, Stephen (2003) All The Shah's Men: An American Coup and The Roots of Middle East Terror, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
237. Kinzer, Stephen (2006) Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq, New York: Times Books, Henry Holt.
238. Klare, Michael T. (2001) Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict, New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company, LLC.
239. Knaus, Kenneth John (1999) Orphans of the Cold War: America and the Tibetan Struggle for Survival, New York: Public Affairs.
240. Knight, Charles and Melissa Murphy (2003) "The Sources of Terrorism" International Security, 28:2.
241. Kurlantzick, Joshua (July/August 2004) "The Unsettled West" Foreign Affairs.
242. Kuhn, Anthony (2/11/2006) "Inside China's Angry Villages" Los Angeles Times Kyodo News International.
243. Kuhn, Anthony (4/26/2004) "FBI Director Seeks China's Help on al-Qaida Crimes" Kyodo News International.
244. Lague, David (6/20/2002) "China: The Quest for Energy to Grow" Far Eastern Economic Review, www.feer.com.
245. Lague, David (7/18/2002) "On Track for a Rail Revolution" Far Eastern Economic Review, www.feer.com.
246. Laird, Thomas (2002) Into Tibet: The CIA's First Atomic Spy and His Secret Expedition to Lhasa, New York: Grove Press.
247. Lake, David A. and Donald Rothchild (Fall 1996) "Containing Fear: The Origins and Management of Ethic Conflict" International Security.
248. Lampton, David M. (ed.) (2001) The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
249. Lampton, David M. (2001) "China's Foreign and National Security Policy-Making Process: Is It Changing and Does it Matter?" in Lampton, David M. (ed.) (2001). The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
250. Laogai (1/19/2005) "A PBS Report on Xinjiang and the Arrest of a Uighur Citizen (PBS/Frontline World, 1/19/2005)" www.laogai.org.
251. Laogai (4/12/2005) "Religious Repression of Uighur Muslims, architecture of Xinjiang Suppression detailed [HRW/HRIC, 4/12/2005]" Laogai Research Foundation, www.laogai.org.
252. Laqueur, Walter (2001) "The Changing Face of Terror" reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
253. Lattimore, Owen (1929/1995) The Desert Road to Turkestan, New York: Kodansha International.
254. Layne, Christopher (1997) "From Preponderance to Offshore Balancing" International Security reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force:Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
255. Levi, Margaret (1997/2002) "A Model, a Method, and a Map: Rational Choice in Comparative and Historical Analysis" in Lichbach and Zuckerman (eds) Comparative Politics:Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
256. Lewis, Bernard (2002) What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response, New York: Oxford University Press.
257. Lewis, Bernard (2003) The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror, New York: Modern Library.
258. Lichbach, Mark I. and Alan S. Zuckerman (1997/2002) "Research Traditions and Theory in Comparative Politics: an Introduction" in Lichbach and Zuckerman (eds) Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
259. Li Fangchao (9/28/2004) "Capital to Set Up Anti-Terror Bureau" www.chinadaily.com.cn.
260. Lilly, James and Jeffrey Lilly (2004) China Hands: Nine Decades of Adventure, Espionage, and Diplomacy in Asia, New York: Public Affairs.
261. Lin Shanmei (1/4/2006) "Radio Taiwan International Hosts Former 610 Office Agent" The Epoch Times, www.theepochtimes.com.
262. Linzer, Dafna (1/19/2005) "Bush Links Chinese Firms' Sanctions to Iranian Arms" Washington Post, A13.
263. Lowenthal, Mark M. (2003) Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy (second edition), Washington, DC: CQ Press.
264. Luttwak, Edward N. (1987/2001) Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace, Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
265. Luttwak, Edward N. (July/August 1999) "Give War a Chance" Foreign Affairs.
266. Luttwak, Edward N. (February 2007) "Dead End: Counterinsurgency Warfare as Military Malpractice" Harper's Magazine.
267. McAdam, Doug, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly (1997, 2002) "Toward an Integrated Perspective on Social Movements and Revolution" in Lichbach and Zuckerman (eds) (1997, 2002) Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
268. McDonald, Hamish (11/12/2005) "China Battles to Convince Terror Skeptics" www.theage.com.au.
269. McDonald, Joe (11/27/2004) "In China, Police Detain Man Accused of Killing Up To 9 Boys" Boston Globe, A11.
270. Mackerras, Colin (Winter 2004) "Ethnicity in China: The Case of Xinjiang" Harvard Asia Quarterly, Winter 2004.
271. McMillan, Joseph (2006) "In The Same Light as Slavery:" Building a Global Antiterrorist Consensus, Washington, DC: NDU Press.
272. McNeal, Dewardic L. and Kerry Dumbaugh (10/7/2002) "China's Relations with Central Asian States and Problems with Terrorism" Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
273. Magnier, Mark (10/23/2006) "Muslims Feel the Long Arm of Beijing" Los Angeles Times, www.latimes.com.
274. Mandelbaum, Michael (2002) The Ideas that Conquered the World: Peace, Democracy, and Free Markets in the Twenty-first Century, New York: Public Affairs.
275. Manthrope, Jonathan (6/1/2004) "Beijing Leaders' Fears of Unrest in China Spark a Clampdown on Hong Kong" Vancouver Sun, A13 [editorial].
276. Margolis, Eric S. (2002) War at the Top of The World, New York: Routledge.
277. Marks, Thomas A. (2005) "Insurgency in a Time of Terrorism" US Counterinsurgency Manual (draft).
278. Marks, Thomas A. (2006) Maoist People's War in Post-Vietnam Asia, Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
279. Marks, Thomas A. (March-April 2007) "A Model Counterinsurgency: Uribe's Colombia (2002-2006) vs FARC" Military Review.
280. Mearsheimer, John J. (2001) The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
281. Migdal, Joel S. (1997/2002) "Studying the State" in Lichbach and Zuckerman (eds) Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
282. Migdal, Joel S. (2001) State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another, New York: Cambridge University Press.
283. Miles, Kevin (8/12/2004) "Colin Powell Confirms Uyghurs Will Not Be Returned to China; UHRP/UAA Hails Decision" Uyghur Human Rights Project and Uyghur American Association, washingtonnewsforum.blogspot.com.
284. Milgram (1963) "Behavioral Study of Obedience" Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67:4.
285. Millward, James (2004) "Violent Separatism in Xinjiang: A Critical Assessment" East-West Center, Washington.
286. Millward, James (2007) Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, New York: Columbia University Press.
287. Moghaddam, F.M. and A.J. Marsella (eds) (2004) Understanding Terrorism: Psychosocial Roots, Consequences, and Interventions, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
288. Molles, Manuel C. (1999) Ecology: Concepts and Applications, McGraw-Hill.
289. Moore, Barrington (1966/1993) Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston: Beacon Press.
290. Mousseau, Michael (Winter 2002/2003) "Market Civilization and Its Clash with Terror" International Security, Volume 27, Number 3.
291. Mulvenon, James (2007) "Rogue Warriors? A Puzzled Look at the Chinese ASAT Test" China Leadership Monitor, No. 20.
292. Nagl, John A. (2005) Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
293. Nasiri, Omar (2006) Inside the Jihad: My life with al Qaeda, New York: Basic Books.
294. Nathan, Andrew J. and Bruce Gilley (2003) China's New Rulers: The Secret Files (second, revised edition), New York: New York Review Books.
295. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (2004) The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, New York: W.W. Norton.
296. Nichol, Jim (1/7/2005) "Central Asia's Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests" Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
297. Nye, Joseph S. (2002) The Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
298. O'Hanlon, Michael E. (2004) "The Afghan War: A Flawed Masterpiece" Reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
299. O'Neill, Bard E. (1991/2001) Insurgency and Terrorism: Inside Modern Revolutionary Warfare, Herndon: Brassey's.
300. Open Source Center (12/23/2004) "Highlights: PRC Civil Disturbances 1 Jan.-15 Dec. 04."
301. Open Source Center (1/9/2007) "FYI: Xinjiang Websites Not Observed to Report on Unrest After Terrorist Camp Destroyed" www.opensource.gov.
302. Open Source Center (2/5/2007) "Highlights: Reports on PRC Civil Disturbances for 2005."
303. Open Source Center (3/5/2007) "Statistics, Summaries of PRC Civil Disturbances in 2006."
304. Orwell, George (1946) Animal Farm, New York: Signet Classics.
305. Orwell, George (1949) 1984, New York: Penguin.
306. Ottaway, David B. (10/22/2004) "U.S. Eyes Money Trails of Saudi-Backed Charities" Washingtonpost.com.
307. Packer, George (12/18/2006) "Knowing the Enemy: Can Social Scientists Redefine the 'War on Terror?' " New Yorker.
308. Palmer, Mark (2003) Breaking the Real Axis of Evil: How to Oust the World's Last Dictators by 2025, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
309. Pan, Philip P. (8/7/2004) "Clash Highlights Growing Unrest in Rural China: Farmers Say Police Shot, Beat Protesters" Boston Globe.
310. Pan, Philip P. (1/13/2005) "Chinese Agents Storm Briefing By South Korean Lawmakers" Washington Post, A16.
311. Pan, Philip P. (1/18/2005) "Zhao's Death Puts China in Quandary" The Washington Post, A1.
312. Pan, Philip P. (11/6/2005) "China Shutters Prominent Lawyer's Firm: Rights Activist Had Refused to Disavow Letter Defending Religion, Falun Gong" Washington Post, A15.
313. Pattnayak, Satya R. and Thomas M. Arvanites (1992) "Structural Determinants of State Involvement in International Terrorism" reprinted in Kushner, Harvey W. (ed.) (2003) Essential Readings on Political Terrorism: Analyses of Problems and Prospects for the 21st Century, New York: Gordian Knot Books.
314. Pei, Minxin (2006) China's Trapped Transition: The Limits of Developmental Autocracy, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
315. People's Daily (8/30/2002) "US Has Evidence ETIM Plans Attack."
316. People's Daily (9/13/2002) "FM Spokesman: ETIM a Wholly Terrorist Organization."
317. People's Daily (12/16/2003) "China Seeks International Support in Counter-Terrorism."
318. People's Daily (12/18/2003) "Combating Terrorism, We Have No Choice."
319. People's Daily (11/19/2004) "China Pledges Efforts in Fight Against Terrorism, Corruption."
320. People's Daily (Undated, accessed 1/19/2005) "Zhou Yongkang."
321. People's Republic of China (2003) "China's National Defense in 2002" news.xinhuanet.com.
322. People's Republic of China (10/19/2005) "Building of Political Democracy in China" Xinhua news agency, www.chinaview.cn.
323. People's Republic of China (December, 2006) "China's National Defense in 2006."
324. People's Republic of China, State Council Information Office (January 21, 2002) "East Turkistan Terrorist Forces Cannot Get Away with Impunity."
325. People's Republic of China, State Council Information Office (12/27/2004) "China's National Defense in 2004" available at www.fas.org.
326. People's Republic of China/Xinhua (2003) "Chinaview About China: CPC (The Party in Power)" www.chinaview.cn.
327. Perlez, Jane (11/18/2004) "China's Reach: Chinese Move to Eclipse U.S. Appeal in South Asia" NYTimes.com.
328. Pillar, Paul R. (2001) "Dealing With Terrorists" reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
329. Pillar, Paul R. (Summer 2004) "Counterterrorism after Al Qaeda" Washington Quarterly, 27:3.
330. Pillar, Paul R. (2004) "Intelligence" in Cronin and Ludes (2004) Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
331. Pocha, Jehangir S. (11/24/2004) "In China, New Threats Seen to Free Speech: Porn Crackdown Said to Be Cover for Media Limits" Boston Globe, A17.
332. Pocha, Jehangir S. (12/19/2004) "Ethnic Clashes Tearing China Apart: Growing Divide After Deadly Riots" Boston Globe, A14.
333. Pomfret, John (8/19/2001) "China Flexes Muscles at Ethnic Separatists" Washington Post.
334. Posen, Barry R. (1984) "The Sources of Military Doctrine" reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
335. Posen, Barry R. (1993) "The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict" in Brown, Michael E. (1993) Ethnic Conflict and International Security, Princeton NJ: Princeton University.
336. Posen, Barry R. (Summer 1996) "Military Responses to Refugee Disasters" International Security, Volume 21, Number 1, reprinted in Art, Robert J. and Kenneth N. Waltz (2004) The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (sixth edition), Boulder:Rowman & Littlefield.
337. Powers, Thomas (2002) Intelligence Wars: American Secret History From Hitler to Al-Qaeda, New York: New York Review Books.
338. Preist, Dana (1/14/2005) "Iraq New Terror Breeding Ground: War Created Haven, CIA Advisers Report" Washington Post, A1.
339. Putnam, Robert D. (1993) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
340. Putnam, Robert D. (2000) Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American Community, New York: Simon and Schuster.
341. Qing, Dai (1998) The River Dragon Has Come! The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
342. Radio Free Asia (1/28/2002) "Uyghur Separatist Denies Links to Taliban, Al-Qaeda" www.rfa.org.
343. Radio Free Asia (6/5/2002) "Chinese Authorities Burn Thousands of Uyghur Books" www.rfa.org.
344. Radio Free Asia (7/29/2004) "China Links Terrorism and Drugs in War on Uyghur Groups" www.rfa.org.
345. Radio Free Asia (1/5/2006) "U.S.-Based Uyghur Lashes Out at Pressure to Spy for China" www.rfa.org.
346. Ramirez, Luis (1/21/2004) "China Protests the Establishment of a Uighur Governmentin-Exile in Washington" Voice of America, www.globalsecurity.org.
347. Rashid, Ahmed (2002) Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia, New York:Penguin Books.
348. Rashid, Ahmed (3/7/2002) "Central Asia: A Dream of Past Glories" Far Eastern Economic Review, www.feer.com.
349. Renner, Michael (1996) Fighting for Survival: Environmental Decline, Social Conflict And The New Age of Insecurity, New York: WW Norton & Company.
350. Reuters (8/17/2005) "China Sets Up Anti-Terror Squads as Riots Spread."
351. Reuters (10/19/2005) "China Arrests Foreign Militants in Restive West."
352. Ricks, Thomas E. (2006) Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, New York:The Penguin Press.
353. Rivlin, Gary (12/5/2004) "A Long March From Maoism to Microsoft" NYTimes.com.
354. Roberts, Sean R. (2004) "A 'Land of Borderlands:' Implications of Xinjiang's Transborder Interactions" in Starr (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
355. Robinson, Thomas W. and David Shambaugh (eds) (1994/1998) Chinese Foreign Policy:Theory and Practice, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
356. Romberg, Alan D. and Michael McDevitt (eds) (2003) China and Missile Defense:Managing U.S.-PRC Strategic Relations, Washington, DC: Henry L. Stimson Center.
357. Ross, Marc Howard (1997/2002) "Culture and Identity in Comparative Political Analysis" in Lichbach and Zuckerman (eds) Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
358. Ross, Michael L. (April 2001) "Does Oil Hinder Democracy?" World Politics, 53.
359. Rotberg, Robert I. (ed.) (2004) When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, Princeton:Princeton University Press.
360. Roy, Denny (1998) "Hegemony on the Horizon? China's Threat to East Asian Security" in Brown, Michael E., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller (1998) East Asian Security, Cambridge: MIT Press.
361. Rudleson, Justin (6/10/2002) "Xinjiang's Uyghurs in the Ensuing US-China Partnership" Testimony, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Uyghur Panel, www.cecc.gov.
362. Rudelson, Justin and William Jankowiak (2004) "Acculturation and Resistance: Xinjiang Identities in Flux" in Starr (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
363. Ruggie, John Gerard (2002/1999) "What Makes the World Hang Together? Neoutilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge" in Katzenstein, Keohane, and Krasner (2002) Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, Cambridge:The MIT Press.
364. Sageman, Marc (2004) Understanding Terror Networks, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
365. Sanger, David E. (1/18/2005) "U.S. Is Punishing 8 Chinese Firms for Aiding Iran" New York Times.
366. Saunders, Phillip C. (October 2006) "China's Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools" Occasional Paper Number 4, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University.
367. Schmidt, Michael S. (11/26/2004) "Alarm Raised on Asia's Males: Risks Seen from 'Surplus' Numbers" Boston Globe, A36.
368. Schwartz, Stephen (6/21/2004) "Beleaguered Uighurs; Oppressed Minority, Terrorist Recruits, or both?" Weekly Standard.
369. Scobell, Andrew (2005) "Terrorism and Chinese Foreign Policy" in Deng, Yong and Fei-Ling Wang (2005) China Rising: Power and Motivation in Chinese Foreign Policy, Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield.
370. Secretary of Defense (US) (June 2000) "Annual Report to Congress on the Military Power of the People's Republic of China; Report to Congress Pursuant to the FY2000 National Defense Authorization Act" www.defenselink.mil/news/June2000/china06222000.htm.
371. Secretary of Defense (US) (2004) "Annual Report on the Military Power of the People's Republic of China" www.globalsecurity.org.
372. Segal, Gerald (1998) "East Asia and the 'Constrainment' of China" in Brown, Michael E., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller (1998) East Asian Security, Cambridge:MIT Press.
373. Shambaugh, David (2002) Modernizing China's Military: Progress, Problems, and Prospects, Berkeley: University of California Press.
374. Sharma, Devika (March, 2004) "China's Terror List and its Implications" Observer Research Foundation, www.observerindia.com (accessed 10/11/2004).
375. Sheehan, Michael A. (2004) "Diplomacy" in Cronin and Ludes (2004) Attacking Terrorism:Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
376. Shi Jiangtao (5/12/2004) "Xinjiang Crackdown 'Helping War on Terror' " South China Morning Post, p. 4.
377. Shichor, Yitzhak (2004) "The Great Wall of Steel: Military and Strategy" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
378. Shue, Vivienne (1994) State Power and Social Organization in China, in Migdal, J.S., Atul Kohli, and Vivienne Shue (1994) State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World, New York: Cambridge University Press.
379. Simon, Sheldon W. (2001) "Asian Armed Forces: Internal and External Tasks and Capabilities" in Simon, Sheldon W. (ed.) (2001) The Many Faces of Asian Security, Lanham: National Bureau of Asian Research, Rowman & Littlefield.
380. Simon, Sheldon W. (2001) The Many Faces of Asian Security, Lanham: National Bureau of Asian Research, Rowman & Littlefield.
381. Singer, J. David (1961) "The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations" World Politics, Volume 14, Number 1.
382. Skocpol, Theda (1979) States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
383. Skocpol, Theda (2003) Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
384. Smith, Bill (date unknown, accessed 10/11/2004) "Fear and Loathing Split Xinjiang's Would-be Las Vegas" www.gbbc.org.uk/iss21_1.htm.
385. Smith, Craig S. (12/16/2001) "China, In Harsh Crackdown, Executes Muslim Separatists" New York Times.
386. Spence, Jonathan (1/26/2005) "China's History Houses and Elaborate and Emotionally Powerful Martyrology of Bold, Visionary Reformers" New York Times.
387. Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
388. Swain, Michael D. (2004) "China: Exploiting a Strategic Opening" in Tellis and Wills (2004) Strategic Asia 2004-05: Confronting Terrorism in the Pursuit of Power, Seattle: National Bureau of Asian Research.
389. Swaine, Michael D. and Ashley J. Tellis (2000) Interpreting China's Grand Strategy:Past, Present, and Future, Santa Monica: RAND.
390. Tanner, Murray Scot (2004) "China Rethinks Unrest" Washington Quarterly, 27:3.
391. Tarimi, N.T. (7/30/2004) "China-Uzbec Pact Bad News for Uighurs" Asia Times, www.atimes.com.
392. Tomes, Robert R. (Spring 2004) "Relearning Counterinsurgency Warfare" Parameters.
393. Toops, Stanley W. (2004) "The Demography of Xinjiang" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
394. Toops, Stanley W. (2004) "The Ecology of Xinjiang: A Focus on Water" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
395. Tyler, Christian (2004) Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang, New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press.
396. Van Evera, Steven (Spring 1994) "Hypothesis on Nationalism and War" International Security.
397. Van Evera, Steven (1999) Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
398. Vick, Karl (2/13/2007) "Al-Qaeda's Hand in Istanbul Plot: Turks Met With Bin Laden" Washington Post, A01.
399. Washington Times (12/21/2001) "Beijing Tiptoes Around the 'T' Word."
400. Washington Times (11/8/2004) "Uighur Inmates Strain U.S.-China Relations: Gitmo Detainees' Release a Concern."
401. Wayne, Martin I. (2/25/2007) "Al Qaeda's China Problem" PacNet, 8A.
402. Weatherford, Jack (2004) Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Random House.
403. Whiting, Allen S. (Fall 2001) "China's Use of Force, 1950-96, and Taiwan" International Security, Volume 26, Number 2.
404. Whitlock, Craig (11/2/2004) "French Push Limits in Fight on Terrorism" Washingtonpost. com.
405. Wiemer, Calla (2004) "The Economy of Xinjiang" in Starr, S. Fredrick (ed.) (2004) Xinjiang:China's Muslim Borderland, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
406. Wu Xinbo (2001) "Four Contradictions Constraining China's Foreign Policy Behavior" Journal of Contemporary China, Volume 10, Number 27.
407. Wu Xinbo (Autumn 2004) "The Promise and Limitations of a Sino-U.S. Partnership" The Washington Quarterly, Volume 27, Number 4.
408. Xie Weidong and Wang Yali (10/15/2002) "East Turkistan Forces Source of Terror" China Daily, p. 4.
409. Xing, Guangcheng (2001) "China and Central Asia" in Roy Allison and Lena Jonson (eds) (2001) Central Asian Security: The New International Context, Washington, DC:Brookings Institution Press/Royal Institute of International Affairs.
410. Xinhua (5/26/2003) "Role of Xinjiang Production, Construction Corps Important: White Paper" www.xinhuanet.com.
411. Xinhua (10/11/2006) "Communique of the Sixth Plenum of the 16th CPC Central Committee" www.chinadaily.com.cn.
412. Xinhua (1/8/2007) "Chinese Police Destroy Terrorist Camp in NW Region" www.chinaview. cn.
413. Xinhua (3/6/2007) "Xinjiang People Volunteer in Raid on Terrorist Camp: Lawmaker" People's Daily.
414. Xinhua (3/9/2007) "Slimmer Possibility for Terrorism in Xinjiang."
415. Xinxia, Yan (3/12/2002) "Anti-Terrorism 'Takes Time,' Xinjiang Leader Says" www.china.org.cn (accessed 10/11/2004).
416. Xu Jingyue and Cui Qingxin (1/9/2007) "China's Ministry of Public Security Says: We Will Resolutely Crack Down on the East Turkistan Islamic Movement Terrorist Activities" Xinhua Asia Pacific Service, www.opensource.gov.
417. Yang Faren, Li Ze, and Dong Sheng (eds) (1994) Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism Study.
418. Turdi Ghoja et al. translation (8/17/2004), Uyghur American Association, www.uyghuramerican.org.
419. Yardley, Jim (12/21/2004) "The Great Divide: A Missing Generation: Rural Exodus for Work Fractures Chinese Family" NYTimes.com.
420. Yom, Sean L. (posting date unknown, downloaded 7/16/2002) Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang www.selfdetermine.org/conflicts/uighur_body.html.
421. Zhao Huanxin (11/22/2004) "Hu: We Support Battling Terrorism" www.chinadaily.com.cn.
422. Zhao, Suisheng (ed.) (2000) China and Democracy: The Prospect for a Democratic China: New York: Routledge.
423. Zhao, Suisheng (2004) A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
424. Zhao, Suisheng (ed.) (2006) Debating Political Reform in China: Rule of Law vs. Democratization, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.
425. Zimbardo, Philip G., C. Maslach, and C. Haney (2000) "Reflections on the Stanford Prison Experiment: Genesis, Transformations, Consequences" in Blass, Thomas (ed.) (2000) Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.