Using focus groups in medical education research: AMEE Guide No. 91

Medical Teacher

Volumn 36, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 923-939

  Stalmeijer, Reneé E ^a   McNaughton, Nancy ^b   Van Mook, Walther N K A ^a,c  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROUP PROCESS; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MEDICAL EDUCATION; METHODOLOGY; PROCEDURES; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SAMPLE SIZE; STANDARDS;

DATA COLLECTION; EDUCATION, MEDICAL; FOCUS GROUPS; GROUP PROCESSES; HUMANS; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; RESEARCH DESIGN; SAMPLE SIZE;

EID: 84911916733     PISSN: 0142159X     EISSN: 1466187X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2014.917165     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. British Sociological Association. 2002. Statement of ethical practice for the British Sociological Association. [Accessed 24 February 2014] Available from http://www.britsoc.co.uk/about/equality/statement-of-ethicalpractice. aspx.
2. Barbour RS. 2005. Making sense of focus groups. Med Educ 39(7):742-750.
3. Barbour RS. 2007. Doing focus groups. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
4. Bergman E, de Feijter J, Frambach J, Godefrooij M, Slootweg I, Stalmeijer R, van der Zwet J. 2012. AM last page: A guide to research paradigms relevant to medical education. Acad Med 87(4):545.
5. Bloor M, Frankland J, Thomas M, Robson K. 2001. Focus groups in social research. London: Sage Publications.
6. Bombeke K, Symons L, Vermeire E, Debaene L, Schol S, De Winter B, Van Royen P. 2012. Patient-centeredness from education to practice: The 'lived' impact of communication skills training. Med Teach 34(5):e338-e348.
7. Bowling, A. (2002). Research methods in health: Investigating health and health services.Buckingham: Open University Press
8. Bunniss S, Kelly DR. 2010. Research paradigms in medical education research. Med Educ 44(4):358-366.
9. Clarke A. 2006. Qualitative interviewing: Encountering ethical issues and challenges. Nurse Res 13(4):19-29.
10. Cleland J, Johnston PW, Walker L, Needham G. 2012. Attracting healthcare professionals to remote and rural medicine: Learning from doctors in training in the north of Scotland. Med Teach 34(7):e476-e482.
11. Coffey M, Thomson K, Tallett S, Matlow A. 2010. Pediatric residents' decision-making around disclosing and reporting adverse events: The importance of social context. Acad Med 85(10):1619-1625.
12. Côté-Arsenault D, Morrison-Beedy D. 2005. Focus on research methods. Maintaining your focus in focus groups: Avoiding common mistakes. Res Nurs Health 28:172-179.
13. Choosing among five approaches. 3rd ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
14. de Feijter JM, de Grave WS, Dorman T, Koopmans RP, Scherpbier AJ. 2011. Students' perceptions of patient safety during the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate training: An activity theory analysis. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 16(3):347-358.
15. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS. 2005. Paradigms and perspectives in contention. The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. pp 183-190.
16. Duvivier RJ, van Geel K, van Dalen J, Scherpbier AJ, van der Vleuten CP. 2012. Learning physical examination skills outside timetabled training sessions: What happens and why? Adv Health Sci Educ 17(3):339-355.
17. Eide P, Kahn D. 2008. Ethical issues in the qualitative researcher-Participant relationship. Nurs Ethics 15(2):199-207.
18. Fieser J. 2009. Ethics, internet encyclopedia of philosophy, a peer-reviewed academic resources. [Accessed 2 May 2014] Available from http://www.iep.utm.edu/.
19. Flick U. 2004. Triangulation in qualitative research. In: Flick U, von Kardoff E, Steinke I, eds. A companion to qualitative research. London: Sage.
20. Frambach JM, van der Vleuten CP, Durning SJ. 2013. AM last page. Quality criteria in qualitative and quantitative research. Acad Med 88(4):552.
21. Freeman T. (2006). 'Best practice' in focus group research: Making sense of different views. J Adv Nurs 56(5):491-497.
22. Freire P. 1970. The pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
23. Gauld R, McMillan J. 1999. Ethics committees and qualitative health research in New Zealand. N Z Med J 112(1089):195-197.
24. Gibbs A. 1997. Focus groups. Social Research Update 19(8). [Accessed 2 May 2014]. Available from http://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU19.html.
25. Glaser B, Strauss A. 1967. The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
26. Guba EG. 1990. The paradigm dialog. Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
27. Holloway I, Wheeler S. 2010. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
28. Illing JT. 2007. Thinking about research: Frameworks, ethics and scholarship. Edinburgh: Association for the Study of Medical Education.
29. Kidd PS, Parshall MB. 2000. Getting the focus and the group: Enhancing analytical rigor in focus group research. Qual Health Res 10(3):293-308.
30. Kitzinger J. 1994. The methodology of Focus Groups: The importance of interaction between research participants. Soc Health Illn 16(1):103-121.
31. Kitzinger J. 1995. Qualitative research: Introducing focus groups. Br Med J 311:299-302.
32. Kitzinger J, Barbour RS. 1999. Developing focus group research: Politics and practice. London: Sage.
33. Krueger RA. 1988. Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
34. Krueger RA. 1994. Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
35. Krueger RA, Casey MA. 2009. Focus groups, a practical guide for applied research. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
36. Kuper A, Lingard L, Levinson W. 2008. Critically appraising qualitative research. Br Med J 337:a1035.
37. Kuzel AJ. 1992. Sampling in qualitative inquiry. In: Crabtree BF, Miller WL, editors. Doing qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. pp 31-44.
38. Lefroy J, Brosnan C, Creavin S. 2011. Some like it hot: Medical student views on choosing the emotional level of a simulation. Med Educ 45(4):354-361.
39. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. 1985. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
40. Lingard L, Garwood S, Poenaru D. 2004. Tensions influencing operating room team function: Does institutional context make a difference? Med Educ 38(7):691-699.
41. MacDonald ME, Carnevale FA, Razack S. 2007. Understanding what residents want and what residents need: The challenge of cultural training in pediatrics. Med Teach 29(5):444-451.
42. Malterud K. 2001. Qualitative research: Standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet 358(9280):483-488.
43. Mann K, van der Vleuten C, Eva K, Armson H, Chesluk B, Dornan T, Holmboe E, Lockyer J, Loney E, Sargeant J. 2011. Tensions in informed self-assessment: How the desire for feedback and reticence to collect and use it can conflict. Acad Med 86(9):1120-1127.
44. Mauthner NS, Doucet A. 2003. Reflexive accounts and accounts of reflexivity in qualitative data analysis. Sociology 37(3):413-431.
45. Mays N, Pope C. 1995. Rigour and qualitative research. Br Med J 311: 109-112.
46. McIntosh S, Block RC, Kapsak G, Pearson TA. 2008. Training medical students in community health: A novel required fourth-year clerkship at the University of Rochester. Acad Med 83(4):357-364.
47. Merton RK, Kendall PL. 1946. The focussed interview. Am J Psychol 51(6):541-557.
48. Morgan DL. 1988. Focus groups as qualitative research. London: Sage Publications.
49. Morgan DL. 1996. Focus groups. Annu Rev Sociol 22(1):29-52.
50. Morse JM. 2001. Are these risks in qualitative research? Qualitative health research. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
51. Onwuegbuzie AJ, Dickinson WB, Leech NL, Zoran AG. 2009. A qualitative framework for collecting and analyzing data in focus group research. Int J Qual Methods 8(3):1-21.
52. Orb A, Eisenhauer L, Wynaden D. 2001. Ethics in qualitative research. J Nurs Scholarsh 33(1):93-96.
53. Owen S. 2001. The practical, methodological and ethical dilemmas of conducting focus groups with vulnerable clients. J Adv Nurs 36(5):652-658.
54. Parker A, Tritter J. 2006. Focus group method and methodology: Current practice and recent debate. Int J Res Method Educ 29(1):23-37.
55. Pope C, Mays N. 2009. Critical reflections on the rise of qualitative research. Br Med J 339(7723):737-739.
56. Powell RA, Single HM. 1996. Focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care 8(5):499-504.
57. Rabiee F. 2004. Focus-group interview and data analysis. Proc Nutr Soc 63: 655-660.
58. Reeves S, Kuper A, Hodges BD. 2008. Qualitative research methodologies: Ethnography. BMJ 337:512-514.
59. Rennie SC, Crosby JR. 2002. Students' perceptions of whistle blowing: Implications for self-regulation. A questionnaire and focus group survey. Med Educ 36(2):173-179.
60. Richards H, Emslie C. 2000. The 'doctor' or the 'girl from the University'? Considering the influence of professional roles on qualitative interviewing. Fam Pract 17(1):71-75.
61. Richards HM, Schwartz LJ. 2002. Ethics of qualitative research: Are there special issues for health services research? Fam Pract 19(2):135-139.
62. Richardson L. 1990. Writing strategies: Reaching diverse audiences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
63. Riquelme A, Padilla O, Herrera C, Olivos T, Roman JA, Sarfatis A, Solis N, Pizarro M, Torres P, Roff S. 2013. Development of ACLEEM questionnaire, an instrument measuring residents' educational environment in postgraduate ambulatory setting. Med Teach 35(1):e861-e866.
64. Slootweg I, Lombarts K, van der Vleuten C, Mann K, Jacobs J, Scherpbier A. 2013. Clinical teachers' views on how teaching teams deliver and manage residency training. Med Teach 35(1):46-52.
65. Smithson S, Hart J, Wass V. 2010. Students' hopes and fears about early patient contact: Lessons to be learned about preparing and supporting students during the first year. Med Teach 32(1):e24-e30.
66. Stalmeijer RE, Dolmans DH, Wolfhagen IH, Scherpbier AJ. 2009. Cognitive apprenticeship in clinical practice: Can it stimulate learning in the opinion of students? Adv Health Sci Educ 14(4):535-546.
67. Stergiopoulos V, Maggi J, Sockalingam S. 2010. Teaching and learning the physician manager role: Psychiatry residents' perspectives. Med Teach 32(7):e308-e314.
68. Stewart D, Shamdasani P, Rook D. 2007. Focus groups: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
69. Stewart D, Shamdasani PN. 1990. Focus groups: Theory and practice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
70. Strand P, Sjoborg K, Stalmeijer R, Wichmann-Hansen G, Jakobsson U, Edgren G. 2013. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Undergraduate Clinical Education Environment Measure (UCEEM). Med Teach 35(12):1014-1026.
71. Strauss A, Corbin J. 1998. Basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and technique. London: Sage Publications.
72. Telner DE, Carroll JC, Talbot Y. 2008. Genetics education in medical school: A qualitative study exploring educational experiences and needs. Med Teach 30(2):192-198.
73. Tiberius R. 2006. The Focus Group Guide. University of Miami: Miller School of Medicine.
74. Turney L, Pocknee C. 2008. Virtual focus groups: New frontiers in research. Int J Qual Methods 4(2):32-43.
75. Wade L, Harrison C, Hollands J, Mattick K, Ricketts C, Wass V. 2012. Student perceptions of the progress test in two settings and the implications for test deployment. Adv Health Sci Educ 17(4):573-583.
76. Walsh K. 2013. When I say . . . triangulation. Med Educ 47(9):866.