Selenium and nano-selenium in agroecosystems

Environmental Chemistry Letters

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 495-510

  El Ramady, Hassan R ^a,b   Domokos Szabolcsy, Éva ^b   Abdalla, Neama A ^c   Alshaal, Tarek A ^a   Shalaby, Tarek A ^a   Sztrik, Attila ^b   Prokisch, Jόszef ^b   Fári, Miklós ^b  

^a Kafrelsheikh University   (Egypt)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN   (Hungary)

^c NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Agroecosystem; Elemental selenium; Nano selenium; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Selenium

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; SELENIUM; SOILS; WEATHERING;

AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS; AMINO-ACIDS; DIMETHYLSELENIDE; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS; NANO-SELENIA; PLANT PRODUCTION; SELENIUM AND; SELENOCYSTEINE; VITAMIN-E;

ECOSYSTEMS;

EID: 84911806925     PISSN: 16103653     EISSN: 16103661     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10311-014-0476-0     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Acuña JJ, Jorquera MA, Barra PJ, Crowley DE, Mora M (2013) Selenobacteria selected from the rhizosphere as a potential tool for Se biofortification of wheat crops. Biol Fertil Soils 49:175–185. doi:10.1007/s00374-012-0705-2
2. Ahmad A, Mukherjee P, Senapati S, Mandal D, Khan MI, Kumar R, Sastry M (2003a) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Colloids Surf B 28:313–318
3. Ahmad A, Senapati S, Khan MI, Kumar R, Ramani R, Shrinivas V, Sastry M (2003b) Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete, Rhodococcus species. Nanotechnology 14:824–828
4. ATSDR (2002) Draft toxicological profile for several trace elements. U.S. Dept. Health & Human Services. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta
5. Ball P, Garwin L (1992) Science at the atomic scale. Nature 355:761–766
6. Bañuelos GS, Lin ZQ, Arroyo I, Terry N (2005) Selenium volatilization in vegetated agricultural drainage sediment from the San Luis Drain, Central California. Chemosphere 60:1203–1213
7. Bañuelos GS, Lin ZQ, Yin X (2014) Selenium in the environment and human health. Taylor & Francis, London
8. Beath OA, Gilbert CS, Eppson HF (1939) The use of indicator plants in locating seleniferous soils in the Western United States. I. General. Am J Bot 26:257–269
9. Belzile N, Chen YW, Xu R (2000) Early diagenetic behavior of selenium in lake sediments. Appl Geochem 15:1439–1454
10. Birla SS, Tiwari VV, Gade AK, Ingle AP, Yadav AP, Rai MK (2009) Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by Phoma glomerata and its combined effect against Escherichia coliPseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 48:173–179
11. Cannon HG (1964) Geochemistry of rocks and related soils and vegetation in the Yellow Cat area, Grand County, Utah. Washington, DC, United States Geological Survey (Bulletin No. 1176)
12. Cao J, Hu X (2009) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using halloysites. e-J Surf Sci Nanotechnol 7:813–815
13. Chapman PM, Adams WJ, Brooks ML, Delos CG, Luoma SN, Maher WA, Ohlendorf HM, Presser TS, Shaw DP (2010) Ecological assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Series. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, London
14. Charlet L, Parsons C, Bardelli F, Fernandez-Martinez A, Rossetto L (2011) Effect of Flood-Induced Redox Oscillations on Selenium Mobility in Soils. In: Bañuelos GS, Lin Z-Q, Yin X, Duan N (eds) Selenium: global perspectives of impacts on humans, animals and the environment. University of Science and Technology of China Press, Hefei, ISBN 978-7-312-02929-5
15. Chau CF, Wu SH, Yen GC (2007) The development of regulations for food nanotechnology. Trends Food Sci Technol 18:269–280
16. Chaudhry Q, Scotter M, Blackburn J, Ross B, Boxall A, Castle L, Aitken R, Watkins R (2008) Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Addit Contam 25(3):241–258
17. Chen H, Weiss J, Shahidi F (2006) Nanotechnology in nutraceuticals and functional foods. Food Technol 3:30–36
18. Combs GF (2005) Global importance of selenium and its relation to human health. In: Welch RM, Ãakmak I (eds) Impacts of agriculture on human health and nutrition. Encyclopedia of life support systems (EOLSS), Developed under the auspices of the UNESCO. EOLSS Publishers, Oxford. http://www.eolss.net. Retrieved 25 Aug 2012
19. Combs GF, Combs SB (1986) The role of selenium in nutrition. Academic Press, Orlando
20. Cushen M, Kerry J, Morris M, Cruz-Romero M, Cummins E (2012) Nanotechnologies in the food industry—recent developments, risks and regulation. Trends Food Sci Technol 24:30–46
21. Cutter GA, Bruland KW (1984) The marine biogeochemistry of selenium: a reevaluation. Limnol Oceanogr 29:1179–1192
22. Davda J, Labhasetwar V (2002) Characterization of nanoparticle uptake by endothelial cells. Int J Pharm 233:51–59
23. De Filippis LF (2010) Biochemical and molecular aspects in phytoremediation of selenium. In: Ashraf M, Ozturk M, Ahmad MSA (eds) Plant adaptation and phytoremediation. Springer, Berlin, pp 193–226. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9370-7_10
24. de Souza MP, Chu D, Zhao M, Zayed AM, Ruzin SE, Schichnes D, Terry N (1998) Rhizosphere bacteria enhance selenium accumulation and volatilization by Indian mustard. Plant Physiol 119:565–574
25. Dhillon KS, Dhillon SK (1999) Adsorption–desorption reactions of selenium in some soils of India. Geoderma 93:19–31
26. Di Gregorio S (2008) Selenium: a versatile trace element in life and environment. In: Prasad AS (ed) Trace elements in human health and disease, vol 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 593–622
27. Di Gregorio S, Lampis S, Vallini G (2005) Selenite precipitation by a rhizospheric strain of Stenotrophomonas sp. isolated from the root system of Astragalus bisulcatus: a biotechnological perspective. Environ Int 31:233–241
28. Dietz KJ, Herth S (2011) Plant nanotoxicology. Trends Plant Sci 16:582–589. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2011.08.003
29. Duscay L, Ložek O, Varga L, Lošák T (2006) Wheat supplementation with selenium. Chem Listy 100:519–521 (in Slovakien and cited from Kabata-Pendias 2011)
30. El Mehdawi AF, Pilon-Smits EAH (2012) Ecological aspects of plant selenium hyperaccumulation. Plant Biol 14:1–10. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00535.x
31. El Mehdawi AF, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH (2011a) Effects of selenium hyperaccumulation on plant–plant interactions: evidence for elemental allelopathy? New Phytol 191:120–131. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03670.x
32. El Mehdawi AF, Quinn CF, Pilon-Smits EAH (2011b) Selenium hyperaccumulators facilitate selenium-tolerant neighbors via phytoenrichment and reduced herbivory. Curr Biol 21:1440–1449. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.033
33. 2sequestration, biofuels and depollution”. Springer, Berlin
34. El-Ramady H, Alshaal T, Domokos-Szabolcsy É, Shalaby T, Bayoumi Y, Elhawat N, Sztrik A, Prokisch J, Fári M (2014b) Selenium and its role in higher plants. In: Lichtfouse E (ed) Environmental chemistry for a sustainable world, vol 6. Springer, Berlin
35. Enghag P (2004) Encyclopedia of the elements—technical data, history, processing and applications. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
36. Eszenyi P, Sztrik A, Babka B, Prokisch J (2011) Elemental, nanosized (100–500 nm) selenium production by probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinform 1:148–152
37. ETC, Action Group on Erosion, Technology and Concentration (2005a) ETC group report: NanoGeoPolitics. ETC group surveys the political landscape. http://www.etcgroup.org/upload/publication/51/01/com89specialnanopoliticsjul05eng.pdf
38. ETC, Action Group on Erosion, Technology and Concentration (2005b) The potential impacts of nano-scale technologies on commodity markets: the implications for commodity dependent developing countries. http://www.etcgroup.org/upload/publication/45/01/southcentre.commodities.pdf
39. Fairweather-Tait SJ, Collings R, Hurst R (2010) Selenium bioavailability: current knowledge and future research requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 91:1484S–1491S
40. Fairweather-Tait SJ, Bao Y, Broadley MR, Collings R, Ford D, Hesketh JE, Hurst R (2011) Selenium in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 14(7):1337–1383. doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3275
41. FAO/WHO (1998) Preparation and use of food-based dietary guidelines. Report of a joint FAO/WHO consultation. World Health Organization, Geneva (WHO technical report series, no. 880)
42. Finley JW (2005) Selenium accumulation in plant foods. Nutr Rev 63:196–202
43. Fisinin VI, Papazyan TT, Surai PF (2009) Producing selenium-enriched eggs and meat to improve the selenium status of the general population. Crit Rev Biotechnol 29:18–28
44. Fordyce FM (2005) Selenium deficiency and toxicity in the environment. In: Selinus O, Alloway B, Centeno JA, Finkelman RB, Fuge R, Lindh U, Smedley P (eds) Essentials of medical geology. Elsevier, London, pp 373–415
45. Fordyce FM (2013) Selenium deficiency and toxicity in the environment. In: Selinus O, Alloway B, Centeno JA, Finkelman RB, Fuge R, Lindh U, Smedley P (eds) Essentials of medical geology. Elsevier, London, pp 373–415
46. Frankenberger WT, Engberg RA (1998) Environmental chemistry of selenium. Marcel Dekker, New York 736
47. Frankenberger WT, Karlson U (1994) Microbial volatilization of selenium from soils and sediments. In: Frankerberger WT, Benson S (eds) Selenium in the environment. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 369–387
48. Frost DV (1972) Two faces of selenium—can selenophobia be cured? In: Hemphill D (ed) CRC critical reviews in toxicology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 467–514
49. Gaillardet J, Viers J, Dupré B (2003) Trace elements in river waters. In: Drever JI (ed) Surface and ground water, weathering and soils. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds) Treatise on geochemistry, vol 5. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 225–227
50. Galeas ML, Zhang LH, Freeman JL, Wegner M, Pilon-Smits EAH (2007) Seasonal fluctuations of selenium and sulfur accumulation in selenium hyperaccumulators and related nonaccumulators. New Phytol 173:517–525
51. Gao XY, Hiroshi M (2005) Peptide-based nanotubes and their applications in bionanotechnology. Adv Mater 17:2037–2050
52. Gao XY, Zhang JS, Zhang LD (2002) Hollow sphere selenium nanoparticles: their in vitro anti hydroxyl radical effect. Adv Mater 14:290–293
53. Gao X, Gao T, Zhang L, Mater J (2003) Solution-solid growth of α-monoclinic selenium nanowires at room temperature. Chemistry 13:6–8
54. Garbisu C, Gonzalez S, Yang WH (1995) Physiological mechanisms regulating the conversion of selenite to elemental selenium by Bacillus subtilis. BioFactors 5:29–37
55. Garbisu C, Ishii T, Leighton T, Buchanan BB (1996) Bacterial reduction of selenite to elemental selenium. Chem Geol 132:199–204
56. Gardea-Torresdey J, Parsons G, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa J, Troiani HE, Santiago P, Yacaman MJ (2002) Formation and growth of Au nanoparticles inside live alfalfa plants. Nanoletters 2:397–401. doi:10.1021/nl015673
57. Ge K, Yang GQ (1993) The epidemiology of selenium deficiency of endemic disease in China. Am J Clin Nutr Supp 57:259–263
58. Germ M, Stibilj V, Kreft I (2007) Metabolic importance of selenium for plants. Eur J Plant Sci Biotechnol 1(1):91–97
59. Gore F, Fawell J, Bartram J (2010) Too much or too little? A review of the conundrum of selenium. J Water Health 8(3):405–416
60. Gruère G, Narrod C, Abbott L (2011) Agriculture, food, and water nanotechnologies for the poor: opportunities and constraints. http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp01064.pdf/27.1.2013. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), NW, Washington
61. Gupta UC, Gupta SC (2000) Selenium in soils and crops, its deficiencies in livestock and humans: implications for management. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 31:1791–1807
62. Hajiboland R (2012) Effect of micronutrient deficiencies on plants stress responses. In: Ahmad P, Prasad MNV (eds) Abiotic stress responses in plants: metabolism, productivity and sustainability. Springer, Berlin, pp 283–329. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0634-1_16
63. Hanauer M, Lotz A, Pierrat S, Sonnichsen C, Zins I (2007) Separation of nanoparticles by gel electrophoresis according to size and shape. Nano Lett 7(9):2881–2885
64. Hartikainen H (2005) Biogeochemistry of selenium and its impact on food chain quality and human health. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18:309–318
65. Hasanuzzaman M, Hossain MA, Masayuki F (2010) Selenium in higher plants: physiological role, antioxidant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. J Plant Sci 5:354–375. doi:10.3923/jps.2010.354.375
66. Hatfield DL, Berry MJ, Gladyshev VN (2012) Selenium: its molecular biology and role in human health, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin
67. Haygarth PM (1994) Global importance and cycling of selenium. In: Frankenberger WT, Benson S (eds) Selenium in the environment. Marcel-Dekker, New York, pp 1–28
68. Hu CH, Li YL, Xiong L, Zhang HM, Song J, Xia MS (2012) Comparative effects of nano elemental selenium and sodium selenite on selenium retention in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 177:204–210
69. Huang B, Zhang J, Hou J, Chen C (2003) Free radical scavening efficiency of nano-Se in vitro. Free Rad Biol Med 35(7):805–813. doi:10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00428-3
70. Hunter WJ, Manter DK (2008) Bio-reduction of selenite to elemental red selenium by Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis. Curr Microbiol 57:83–88. doi:10.1007/s00284-008-9160-6
71. Hurd DL, Kipling JJ (1964) Origins and growth of physical science. Part 2. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth
72. Hurst R, Armah CN, Dainty JR, Hart DJ, Teucher B, Goldson AJ, Broadley MR, Motley AK, Fairweather-Tait SJ (2010) Establishing optimal selenium status: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 91:923–931
73. Ingle A, Gade A, Pierrat S, Sonnichsen C, Rai MK (2008) Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium acuminatum and its activity against some human pathogenic bacteria. Curr Nanosci 4:141–144
74. Johnson CC, Fordyce FM, Rayman MP (2010) Symposium on “Geographical and geological influences on nutrition”: factors controlling the distribution of selenium in the environment and their impact on health and nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 69:119–132
75. Juniper DT, Phipps RH, Ramos-Morales E, Bertin G (2008) Effect of dietary supplementation with selenium-enriched yeast or sodium selenite on selenium tissue distribution and meat quality in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 86:3100–3109
76. Kabata-Pendias E (2011) Trace elements in soils and plants, 4th edn. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton
77. Kabata-Pendias A, Mukherjee AB (2007) Trace elements from soil to human. Springer, Berlin
78. Kabata-Pendias A, Sadurski W (2004) Trace elements and compounds in soil. In: Merian E, Anke M, Ihnat M, Stoepppler M (eds) Elements and their compounds in the environment, 2nd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 79–99
79. +ion-containing silver nanoparticles prepared using the alcohol reduction method. J Ind Eng Chem 13(4):718–722
80. Kotrebai M, Birringer M, Tyson JF, Block E, Uden PC (2000) Selenium speciation in enriched and natural samples by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS with perfluorinated carboxylic acid ion-pairing agents. Analyst 125:71–78
81. Kowshik M, Ashataputre S, Kharrazi S, Kulkarni SK, Paknikari KM, Vogel W, Urban J (2003) Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a silver-tolerant yeast strain MKY3. Nanotechnology 14:95–100
82. Lakin HW, Dawidson DF (1967) The relation of the geochemistry of selenium to its occurrence in soil. In: Proceedings of the selenium in biomedicine, Westport, CT, 27
83. Lemly AD (1997) Ecosystem recovery following selenium contamination in a freshwater reservoir. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 36:275–281
84. Liao CD, Hung WL, Jan KC, Yeh AI, Ho CT, Hwang LS (2010) Nano/sub-microsized lignan glycosides from sesame meal exhibit higher transport and absorption efficiency in Caco-2 cell monolayer. Food Chem 119:896–902
85. Lindberg P (1968) Selenium determination in plant and animal material, and in water. A methodological study. Acta Vet Scand Suppl 23:1–48
86. Lipiec E, Siara G, Bierla K, Ouerdane L, Szpunar J (2010) Determination of selenomethionine, selenocysteine, and inorganic selenium in eggs by HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 397:731–741
87. Marmiroli N, Maestri E (2008) Health implications of trace elements in the environment and the food chain. In: Prasad MNV (ed) Trace elements as contaminants and nutrients: consequences in ecosystems and human health. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 23–53
88. Martens DA, Suarez DL (1998) Sequential extracion of selenium oxidation states. In: Frankenberger WT, Engberg RA (eds) Environmental chemistry of selenium. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 61–79
89. McNeal JM, Balistrieri LS (1989) Geochemistry and occurrence of selenium: An overview. In: Jacob LW (ed) Selenium in agriculture and the environment. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication no. 23. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 1–14
90. Mikkelsen RL, Page AL, Bingham FT (1989) Factors affecting selenium accumulation by agricultural crops. In: Selenium in agriculture and the environment. Soil Sci Soc Am J Spec Publ 23:65–94
91. −ions by the fungus Verticillium sp and surface trapping of the gold nanoparticles formed. Angew Chem Int Ed 40(19):3585–3588
92. Muniz-Naveiro O, Dominguez-Gonzalez R, Bermejo-Barrera A, Bermejo-Barrera P, Cocho JA, Fraga JM (2007) Selenium speciation in cow milk obtained after supplementation with different selenium forms to the cow feed using liquid chromatography coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta 71:1587–1593
93. Novoselov SV, Rao M, Onoshko NV, Zhi H, Kryukov GV, Xiang Y, Weeks DP, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN (2002) Selenoproteins and selenocysteine insertion system in the model plant system, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. EMBO J 21:3681–3693
94. Nriagu JO (1989) Global cycling of selenium. In: Ihnat Milan (ed) Occurrence and distribution of selenium. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 327–340
95. Ogi T, Saitoh N, Nomura T, Konishi Y (2010) Room-temperature synthesis of gold nanoparticles and nanoplates using Shewanella algae cell extract. J Nanopart Res. doi:10.1007/s11051-009-9822-8
96. Oremland RS, Herbal MJ, Blum JS, Langely S, Beveridge TJ, Ajayan PM, Sutto T, Ellis AV (2004) Structural and spectral features of selenium nanospheres produced by Se-respiring bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:52–60
97. Pastoriza-Santos I, Liz-Marzan LM (2000) Reduction of silver nanoparticles in DMF formation of monolayers and stable colloids. Pure Appl Chem 72(1–2):83–90
98. Pauling L (1932) The nature of the chemical bond. IV. The energy of single bonds and the relative electronegativity of atoms. J Am Chem Soc 54(9):3570–3582. doi:10.1021/ja01348a011
99. Pearce CI, Coker VS, Charnock JM, Pattrick RAD, Mosselmans JFW, Law N, Beveridge TJ, Lloyd JR (2008) Microbial manufacture of calcogenide-based nanoparticles via reduction of selenite using Veillonella atypica: an in situ EXAFS study. Nanotechnology. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/15/155603
100. Pilon-Smits EAH, Colin FQ (2010) Selenium metabolism in plants. In: Hell R, Mendel R-R (eds) Cell biology of metals and nutrients. Springer, Berlin. Plant Cell Monogr 17:225–241. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-10613-2_10
101. Prakash NT, Sharma N, Prakash R, Raina K, Fellowes J, Pearce C, Lloyd J, Pattrick R (2010) Aerobic microbial manufacture of nanoscale selenium: exploiting nature’s bio-nanomineralization potential. Biotechnol Lett 31:1857–1862
102. Prokisch J, Zommara M (2008) Process for producing elemental selenium nanospheres PCT/IB2008/052838 date of receipt: 15 July 2008 receiving office: International Bureau of the World intellectual property organization your reference: P104315
103. Prokisch J, Széles E, Kovács B, Darόczy L, Zommara M (2008) Formation of metal selenium nanospheres in bacteria: is it a possible detoxification mechanism? Cer Res Comm 36:947–995
104. Pyrzynska K (1995) Solid phase extraction for preconcentration and separation of selenium. Solvent Extr Ion Exch 13:369–389
105. Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A (2008) Current trends in phytosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 28(4):277–284
106. Rai M, Gade A, Yadav A (2011) Biogenic nanoparticles: an introduction to what they are, how they are synthesized and their applications. In: Rai M, Duran N (eds) Metal nanoparticles in microbiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–14. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18312-6-1
107. Rani N, Dhillon KS, Dhillon SK (2005) Critical levels of selenium in different crops grown in an alkaline silty loam soil treated with selenite-Se. Plant Soil 277:367–374
108. Rayman MP (2004) The use of high-selenium yeast to raise selenium status: how does it measure up? Br J Nutr 92:557–573
109. Rayman MP (2012) Selenium and human health. The Lancet, 379(9822):1256–1268. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61452-9
110. Rayman MP, Infante HG, Sargent M (2008) Food-chain selenium and human health: spotlight on speciation. Br J Nutr 100:238–253
111. Reilly C (2006) Selenium in food and health, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin
112. Reimann C, de Caritat P (1998) Chemical elements in the environment. Springer, Berlin
113. Reyes LH, Mar JL, Rahman GM, Seybert B, Fahrenholz T, Kingston HM (2009) Simultaneous determination of arsenic and selenium species in fish tissues using microwave assisted enzymatic extraction and ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 78:983–990
114. Sau TK, Rogach AL (2010) Nonspherical noble metal nanoparticles: colloid-chemical synthesis and morphology control. Adv Mater 22(16):1781–1804
115. Schrauzer GN (2004) Selenium. In: Merian E, Anke M, Ihnat M, Stoeppler M (eds) Elements and their compounds in the environment, 2nd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 1365–1406
116. Shaligram NS, Bule M, Bhambure RM, Singhal RS, Singh SK, Szakacs G, Pandey A (2009) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract from the compactin producing fungal strain. Process Biochem 44:939–948
117. Shanker AK (2006) Countering UV-B stress in plants: does selenium have a role? Plant Soil 282:21–26
118. Shehata SA, El-Ramady H (2012) Micronutrients: uptake and its roles in plants. Print house Fares Abd El-Hameed for Printing and Publishing. ISBN-No 978-977-403-505-0 (in Arabic)
119. Shriver DF, Atkins PW (1999) Inorganic chemistry, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
120. Song JY, Kim BS (2009) Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44:1133–1138. doi:10.1007/s00449-008-0224-6
121. Stadtman TC (1990) Selenium biochemistry. Annu Rev Biochem 59:111–127
122. Steinnes E (2003) Biogeochemiacl cycling of iodine and selenium and potential geomedicval relevance. In: Skinner HC, Berger AR (eds) Geology and health: closing gap. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 57–60
123. Tamaoki M, Freeman JL, Pilon-Smits EAH (2008) Cooperative ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling regulates selenite resistance in Arabidopsis [W][OA]. Plant Physiol 146:1219–1230
124. Terry N, Zayed AM, de Souza MP, Tarun AS (2000) Selenium in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 51:401–432
125. Thakkar KN, Mhatre SS, Parikh RY (2010) Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 6(2):257–262
126. Turakainen M (2007) Selenium and its effects on growth, yield and tuber quality in potato. University of Helsinki, Helsinki. ISBN 9521034661
127. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (2013) Mineral commodity summaries 2013. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2013/mcs2013.pdf. 26.1.2013
128. Wang D, Alfthan G, Aro A (1994) The impact of selenium fertilization on the distribution of selenium in rivers in Finland. Agric Ecosyt Environ 50:133–149
129. Wang H, Zhang J, Yu H (2007) Elemental selenium at nano size possesses lower toxicity without compromising the fundamental effect on selenoenzymes: comparison with selenomethionine in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 42:1524–1533
130. White PJ, Bowen HC, Parmaguru P, Fritz M, Spracklen WP, Spiby RE, Meacham MC, Mead A, Harriman M, Trueman LJ, Smith BM, Thomas B, Broadley MR (2004) Interactions between selenium and sulphur nutrition in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 55:1927–1937. doi:10.1093/jxb/erh192
131. White PJ, Bowen HC, Marshall B, Broadley MR (2007) Extraordinarily high leaf selenium to sulfur ratios define ‘Se-accumulator’ plants. Ann Bot 100:111–118
132. World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) Selenium in drinking-water—background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO/HSE/WSH/10.01/14
133. Yada R (2009) Nanotechnology: a new frontier in foods, food packaging, and nutrient delivery. In: Pray L, Yaktine A (eds) Nanotechnology in food products. National Academies Press, Washington DC
134. Zayed AM, Lytle CM, Terry N (1998) Accumulation and volatilization of different chemical species of selenium by plants. Planta 206:284–289
135. Zha LY, Xu ZR, Wang MQ, Gu LY (2008) Chromium nanoparticle exhibits higher absorption efficiency than chromium picolinate and chromium chloride in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 92:131–140
136. Zhang YQ, Frankenberger WT Jr (2005) Removal of selenium from river water by a microbial community enhanced with Enterobacter taylorae in organic carbon coated sand columns. Sci Total Environ 346:280–285
137. Zhang Y, Gladyshev VN (2010) General trends in trace element utilization revealed by comparative genomic analyses of Co, Cu, Mo, Ni and Se. J Biol Chem 285:3393–3405
138. Zhang JS, Gao XY, Zhang LD, Bao YP (2001) Biological effects of a nano red elemental selenium. BioFactors 15:27–38
139. Zhang J, Wang H, Bao Y, Zhang L (2004) Nano red elemental selenium has no size effect in the induction of seleno-enzymes in both cultured cells and mice. Life Sci 75:237–244. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.02.004
140. Zhang J, Wang H, Yan X, Zhang L (2005) Comparison of short-term toxicity between Nano-Se and selenite in mice. Life Sci 76:1099–1109
141. Zhang J, Wang X, Xu T (2008) Elemental selenium at nano size (Nano-Se) as a potential chemopreventive agent with reduced risk of selenium toxicity: comparison with Se-methylselenocysteine in mice. Toxicol Sci 101(1):22–31. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm221
142. Zhao C, Ren J, Xue C, Lin E (2005) Study on the relationship between soil selenium and plant selenium uptake. Plant Soil 277:197–206
143. Zoller WH, Reamer DC (1976) Selenium in the atmosphere. In: Proceedings of the symposium on selenium-tellurium in the environment. Industrial Health Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, pp 54–66