Genetic Testing: Accounts of Autonomy, Responsibility and Blame

Genetic Testing: Accounts of Autonomy, Responsibility and Blame

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-210

  Arribas Ayllon, Michael ^a   Sarangi, Srikant ^a   Clarke, Angus ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84908947594     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203891384     Document Type: Book

References (380)

1. Adelsward, V. and Sachs, L. (1996) ‘The meaning of 6.8: Numeracy and normality in health information talks’, Social Science and Medicine, 43(8): 1179-87.
2. Adelsward, V. and Sachs, L. (1998) ‘Risk discourse: Recontextualisation of numerical values in clinical practice’, Text, 18(2): 191-210.
3. Adelsward, V. and Sachs, L. (2003) ‘The messengers’ dilemmas - giving and getting information in genealogical mapping for hereditary cancer’, Health, Risk and Society, 5(2): 125-38.
4. Alderson, P., Farsides, B. and Williams, C. (2002) ‘Examining ethics in practice: Health service professionals’ evaluations of in-hospital ethics seminars’, Nursing Ethics, 9(5): 508-21.
5. Amin, A. (ed.) (1994) Post-Fordism: A Reader, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
6. Anspach, R.R. (1988) ‘Notes on the sociology of medical discourse: The language of case presentation’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 29(4): 357-75.
7. Antaki, C. (1994) Explaining and Arguing: Social Organisation of Accounts, London: Sage.
8. Antaki, C. (ed.) (1988) Analysing Everyday Explanation: A Casebook of Methods, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
9. Antaki, C. and Widdicombe, S. (1998) Identities in Talk, London: Sage.
10. Armstrong, D. (1984) ‘The patient’s view’, Social Science and Medicine, 18(9): 737-44.
11. Armstrong, D. (1995) ‘The rise of surveillance medicine’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 17(3): 393-404.
12. Armstrong, D., Michie, S. and Marteau, T. (1998) ‘Revealed identity: A study of the process of genetic counselling’, Social Science and Medicine, 47: 1653-58.
13. Arribas-Ayllon, M., Sarangi, S. and Clarke, A. (2008a) ‘Managing self-responsibility through other-oriented blame: Family accounts of genetic testing’, Social Science and Medicine, 66(7): 1521-32.
14. Arribas-Ayllon, M., Sarangi, S. and Clarke, A. (2008b) ‘Micropolitics of responsibility vis-à-vis autonomy: Parental accounts of childhood genetic testing and (non)disclosure’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 30(2): 255-71.
15. Arribas-Ayllon, M., Sarangi, S. and Clarke, A. (2009) ‘Professional Ambivalence: Accounts of Ethical Practice in Childhood Genetic Testing’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 18(2): 173-84.
16. Arribas-Ayllon, M., Sarangi, S. and Clarke, A. (2011) ‘Promissory strategies of personalisation in the commercialisation of genomic knowledge’, Communication and Medicine, 8(1).
17. Arribas-Ayllon, M., Featherstone, K. and Atkinson, P. (2011) ‘The practical ethics of genetic responsibility: Nondisclosure and the autonomy of affect’, Social Theory and Health, 9: 3-23.
18. Ashley, E.A., Butte, AJ., Wheeler, M.T., et al. (2010) ‘Clinical assessment incorporating a personal genome’, The Lancet, 375: 1525-35.
19. Atkinson, J.M. and Drew, P. (1979) Order in Court: The Organization of Verbal Interaction in Judicial Settings, London: Macmillan.
20. Atkinson, P.A. (1995) Medical Talk and Medical Work, London: Sage.
21. Atkinson, P.A. (2004) ‘The discursive construction of competence and responsibility in medical collegial talk’, Communication and Medicine, 1(1): 13-23.
22. Auffray, C., Chen, Z. and Hood, L. (2009) ‘Systems medicine: The future of medical genomics and healthcare’, Genome Medicine, 1(1): 2-9.
23. Austin, J.L. (1961) Philosophical Papers, London: Oxford University Press.
24. Bakhtin, M. (1981) The Dialogpcal Imagination, ed. M. Holquist, trans. C. Emerson and M. Holquist, Austin: University of Texas Press.
25. Barber, WJ. (1985) From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and American Economic Policy, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
26. Bauman, Z. (2000) Liquid Modernity, Cambridge: Polity Press.
27. Beauchamp, T.L. and Childress, J.F. (1994) Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 4th edn, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
28. Beck, U. (1992) Risk Society: Toward a New Modernity, New York: Sage.
29. Beck, U. (2009) World at Risk, Cambridge: Polity Press.
30. Becker, H.S. (1963) Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, London: Free Press of Glencoe.
31. Benkendorf, J.L., Prince, M.B., Rose, M.A., De Fina, A. and Hamilton, H.E. (2001) ‘Does indirect speech promote nondirective genetic counselling? Results of a sociolinguistic investigation’, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 106(3): 199-207.
32. Bijker, W., Hughes, T. and Pinch, T. (eds) (1987) The Social Construction of Technological Systems, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
33. Billig, M. (1985) ‘Prejudice, categorization and particularization: From a perceptual to a rhetorical approach’, European Journal of Social Psychology, 15(1): 79-103.
34. Billig, M. (1991) Ideology and Opinions, London: Sage.
35. Billig, M. (1996) Arguing and Thinking: A Rhetorical Approach to Social Psychology, 2nd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Billig, M. (1999) ‘Whose terms? Whose ordinariness? Rhetoric and ideology in conversation analysis’, Discourse and Society, 10(4): 543-58.
37. BMJ (1978) The disalienation of the NHS [Leading article], 2: 12.
38. BMJ (1986) The truth about the NHS? [Leading article], 292: 1623-24
39. Bonett, M. (2001) Personalization of web services: opportunities and challenges. Ariadne (28) http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/personalization/ (accessed 16 June 2009).
40. Bosk, C. (1992) All God’s Mistakes: Genetic Counseling in a Paediatric Clinic, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
41. Bourdieu, P. (1998) Acts of Resistance: Against the New Myths of Our Time, Oxford: Polity Press.
42. Brock, S.C. (1995) ‘Narrative and medical genetics: on ethics and therapeutics’, Qualitative Health Research, 5(2): 150-68.
43. Brown, R. and Gilman, A. (1960) ‘The pronouns of power and solidarity’, in T.A. Sebeok (ed.) Style in Language, Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pp. 253-76.
44. Buchanan, A. and Brock, D. (1989) Deciding for Others: The Ethics of Surrogate Decision Making, New York: Cambridge University Press.
45. Burchell, G. (1993) ‘Liberal government and techniques of the self, Economy and Society, 22(3): 267-282.
46. Burke, K. (1936) Permanence and Change, New York: New Republic.
47. Butler, S. (1872/1985) Erewhon, London: Penguin Books.
48. Buttny, R. (1993) Social Accountability in Communication, London: Sage.
49. Buttny, R. (1998) ‘Putting prior talk into context: Reported speech and the reporting context’, Research on Language and Social Interaction, 31(1): 45-58.
50. Chadwick, R. (1993) ‘What counts as success in genetic counselling?', Journal of Medical Ethics, 19(1): 43-46.
51. Chadwick, R., Levitt, M. and Shickle, D. (1997) The Right to Know and the Right not to Know, Aldershot: Avebury.
52. Chambers, T. (1999) The Fiction of Bioethics: Cases as Literary Texts, London and New York: Routledge.
53. Chapple, A., May, C. and Campion, P. (1995) ‘Parental guilt: The part played by the clinical geneticist’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 4(3): 179-91.
54. Charles, C., Gafni, A. and Whelan, T. (1997) ‘Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it takes two to tango)', Social Science and Medicine, 44(5): 681-92.
55. Chatman, S. (1978) Story and Discourse, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
56. Check Hayden, E. (2010) ‘Life is complicated’, Nature, 464: 664-67.
57. Cicourel, A. (1974) Theory and Method in a Study of Argentine Fertility, New York: Wiley.
58. Claassen, L., Henneman, L., Kindt, I., Marteau, T.M. and Timmermans, D.R. (2010) ‘Perceived risk and representations of cardiovascular disease and preventive behaviour in people diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia: A cross-sectional questionnaire study', Journal ofHealth Psychology, 15(1): 33-43.
59. Clark, H.H. and Gerrig, RJ. (1990) ‘Quotations as demonstrations’, Language, 66(4): 764-805.
60. Clarke, A., Sarangi, S. and Verrier-Jones, K. (2010) ‘Voicing the lifeworld: Parental accounts of responsibility in genetic consultations for Polycystic Kidney Disease', Social Science and Medicine, forthcoming.
61. Clarke, A. (1990) ‘Genetics, ethics and audit’, The Lancet, 335:1145-47.
62. Clarke, A. (1991) ‘Is non-directive counselling possible’, The Lancet, 338: 998-1001.
63. Clarke, A. (1994) ‘The genetic testing of children. Working Party of the Clinical Genetics Society’, Journal of Medical Genetics, 31(10): 785-97.
64. Clarke, A. (1995) ‘Population screening for genetic susceptibility to disease’, BMJ, 311: 35-38.
65. Clarke, A. (1997a) ‘Prenatal genetic screening: Paradigms and perspectives’, in P.S. Harper and A. Clarke (eds) Genetics, Society and Clinical Practice, Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, pp. 119-40.
66. Clarke, A. (1997b) ‘The process of genetic counselling: Beyond nondirectiveness’, in P.S. Harper and A. Clarke (eds) Genetics, Society and Clinical Practice, Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, pp. 179-200.
67. Clarke, A. and Cooper, D.N. (2010) ‘GWAS: Heritability missing in action’, European Journal of Human Genetics, 18(8): 859-61.
68. Clarke, A., Richards, M.P.M., Kerzin-Storrar, L., et al. (2005) ‘Genetic professionals' reports of non-disclosure of genetic risk information within families', European Journal of Human Genetics, 13: 556-62.
69. Clarke, A., Middleton, A., Cowley, L., Guilbert, P., Macleod, R., Clarke, A. and Tran, V.; AGNC Supervision Working Group (2007) ‘Report from the UK and Eire Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) supervision working group on genetic counselling supervision’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 16(2): 127-42.
70. Cody, MJ. and McLaughlin, M.L. (1988) ‘Accounts on trial: Oral argument in traffic court', in C. Antaki (ed.) Analysing Everyday Explanations, London: Sage.
71. Comings, D.E. (1980) ‘Prenatal diagnosis and the “new genetics”’, American Journal of Human Genetics, 32(3): 453-54.
72. Cooper, D.E. (1986) Metaphor, Oxford: Blackwell.
73. Cotton, R.G., Al Aqeel, A.I., Al-Mulla, F., et al. (2009) ‘Capturing all disease-causing mutations for clinical and research use: Toward an effortless system for the Human Variome Project’, Genetic Medicine, 11(12): 843-49.
74. Coupland, N. and Coupland, J. (2000) ‘Relational frames and pronominal address/reference: The discourse of geriatric medical records', in S. Sarangi and M. Coulthard (eds) Discourse and Social Life, London: Longman.
75. Cranor, C.F. (1994) ‘Genetic causation’, in C.F. Cranor (ed.) Are Genes Us? The Social Consequences of the New Genetics, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
76. Cuff, E.C. (1980) Some Issues in Studying the Problem of Versions in Everyday Situations, Manchester: Manchester University Occasional Papers No.3.
77. d’Agincourt-Canning, L. (2001) ‘Experiences of genetic risk: Disclosure and the gendering of responsibility’, Bioethics, 15(3): 231-47.
78. Darwin, C. (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 1st edn, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
79. Darwin, C. (1871) The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2nd edn, New York: Clarke, Given and Hooper.
80. Dean, M. (1991) The Constitution of Poverty: Toward a Genealogy of Liberal Governance, London: Routledge.
81. Deleuze, G. (1995) ‘Postscript on control societies', in G. Deleuze Negotiations, translated by M. Joughin, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 177-82.
82. Diane, P. (1994) ‘Eugenic anxieties, social realities, and political choices’, in C.F. Cranor (ed.) Are Genes us? The Social Consequences of the New Genetics, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
83. Dickson, S.P., Wang, K., Krantz, I., Hakonarson, H. and Goldstein, D.B. (2010) ‘Rare variants create synthetic genome-wide associations', PLoS Biology, 8(1): e1000294.
84. Dingwall, R. (1977) ‘“Atrocity stories' and professional relationships', Work and Occupations, 4(4): 371-96.
85. Dingwall, R., Eekelaar, L. and Murray, T. (1983) The Protection of Children: State Intervention and Family Life, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
86. Douglas, M. (1992) Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory, London: Routledge.
87. Downing, C. (2005) ‘Negotiating responsibility: Case studies of reproductive decisionmaking and prenatal genetic testing in families facing Huntington Disease', Journal of Genetic Counseling, 14(3): 219-34.
88. Duranti, A. and Goodwin, C. (1992) Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
89. Duster, T. (1990) Backdoor to Eugenics, New York: Routledge.
90. Edelman, E. and Eng, C. (2009) ‘A practical guide to interpretation and clinical application of personal genomic screening’, BMJ, 339: 1136-40.
91. Edwards, D. (1994) ‘Script formulations: A study of event descriptions in conversations’, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 13(3): 211-47.
92. Edwards, D. (1997) Discourse and Cognition, London: Sage.
93. Ekstein, J. and Katzenstein, H. (2001) ‘The Dor Yeshorim story: Community-based screening for Tay-Sachs disease’, Advances in Genetics, 44: 297-310.
94. Elwyn, G., Edwards, A., Gywn, R. and Grol, R. (1999) ‘Towards a feasible model for shared decision making: Focus group study with general practice registrars', BMJ, 319: 753-56.
95. Elwyn, G., Gray, J. and Clarke, A. (2000) ‘Shared decision making and non-directiveness in genetic counselling’, Journal of Medical Genetics, 37: 135-38.
96. Emily, M., Mailund, T., Hein, J., Schauser, L. and Schierup, M.H. (2009) ‘Using biological networks to search for interacting loci in genome-wide association studies', European Journal of Human Genetics, 17(10): 1231-40.
97. Engel, L. (1967) The New Genetics, New York: Doubleday & Co.
98. Erickson, F. and Shultz, J. (1982) The Counsellor as Gatekeeper: Social Interaction in Interviews, New York: Academic Press.
99. Estivill, X. and Armengol, L. (2007) ‘Copy number variants and common disorders: Filling the gaps and exploring complexity in genome-wide association studies’, PLoS Genetics, 3(10): 1787-99.
100. Fairclough, N. (1992) Discourse and Social Change, Cambridge: Polity Press.
101. Fairclough, N. (2000) New Labour New Language? London: Routledge.
102. Fairclough, N. (2001) ‘The dialectics of discourse’, Textus, 14(2): 231-42.
103. Fairclough, N. (2003) Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research, London: Routledge.
104. Farrall, L.A. (1969) The Origins and Growth of the English Eugenics Movement 1865-1925, PhD Thesis, Indiana University.
105. Featherstone, K., Bharadwaj, A., Clarke, A. and Atkinson, P. (2006) Risky Relations. Family and Kinship in the Era of New Genetics, Oxford: Berg Publishers.
106. Finkler, K. (2001) ‘The kin in the gene: The medicalization of the family and kinship’, Current Anthropology, 42(2): 235-63.
107. Fisher, R.A. (1918) ‘The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance’, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 52: 399-433.
108. Ford, C.E. and Harris, H. (ed.) (1969) New Aspects of Human Genetics, London: The Medical Department, the British Council.
109. Forrest, K., Simpson, S.A., Wilson, BJ., van Teijlingen, E.R., McKee, L., Haites, N. and Matthews, E. (2003) ‘To tell or not to tell: Barriers and facilitators in family communication about genetic risk’, Clinical Genetics, 64(4): 317-26.
110. Foucault, M. (1979) The History of Sexuality. Vol. 1: An Introduction, London: Allen Lane.
111. Gaff, C., Lynch, E. and Spencer, L. (2006) ‘Predictive testing of eighteen-year olds: Counseling challenges’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 15: 245-51.
112. Galton, F. (1883) Inquiries into Human Faculty, London: Macmillan.
113. Galvin, R. (2002) ‘Disturbing notions of chronic illness and individual responsibility: Towards a genealogy of morals’, Health, 6(2): 107-37.
114. Garfinkel, A. (1981) Forms of Explanation, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
115. Garfinkel, H. (1956) ‘Conditions of successful degradation ceremonies’, American Journal of Sociology, 61(5): 420-24.
116. Garfinkel, H. (1963) ‘A conception of, and experiments with, ‘‘trust’’ as a condition of stable concerted actions’, in OJ. Harvey (ed.) Motivation and Social Interaction, New York: Ronald Press.
117. Garfinkel, H. (1967) Studies in Ethnomethodology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
118. Gee, J.P. (2005) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis, 2nd edn, New York: Routledge.
119. Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, New York: Basic Books.
120. GeneWatch UK (2009) ‘Is ‘‘early health’’ good health?’, Briefing, 20 April.
121. Gergen, K.L. (1982) Towards Transformation in Social Knowledge, New York: Springer-Verlag.
122. Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
123. Giddens, A. (1994) Beyond Left and Right, Cambridge: Polity Press.
124. Giddens, A. (1998) The Third Way, Cambridge: Polity Press.
125. Gilbert, N. and Mulkay, M. (1984) Opening Pandora’s Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists Discourse, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
126. Glasner, P. and Rothman, H. (1999) New Genetics and Society, 18(1): 5-8.
127. Goffman, E. (1956) ‘Embarrassment and social organization’, American Journal of Sociology, 62(3): 264-71.
128. Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
129. Goffman, E. (1967) Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior, Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
130. Goffman, E. (1968) Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, London: Penguin Books.
131. Goffman, E. (1971) Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order, London: Penguin.
132. Goffman, E. (1974) ‘Footing’, Semiotica, 25(1/2): 1-29.
133. Goffman, E. (1981) Forms of Talk, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
134. Goffman, E. (1983) ‘The interaction order’, American Sociological Review, 48: 1-17.
135. Goodwin, M.H. (1990) He-Said-She-Said: Talk as Social Organization among Black Children, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
136. Gordon, C. (1991) ‘Governmental Rationality: An Introduction', in G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
137. Gordon, C., Prince, M.B., Benkendorf, J.L. and Hamilton, H.E. (2002) ‘“People say it’s a little uncomfortable”: Prenatal genetic counsellors' use of constructed dialogue to reference procedural pain’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 11(4): 245-63.
138. Greg, W.R. (1874) Enigmas of Life, London: Trubner & Co.
139. Hacking, I. (1990) The Taming of Chance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
140. Hall, C., Sarangi, S. and Slembrouck, S. (1997) ‘Moral construction in social work discourse', in B. Gunnarsson, P. Linell and B. Nordberg (eds) The Construction ofProfessional Discourse, London: Longman.
141. Hall, C., Sarangi, S. and Slembrouck, S. (1999a) ‘The legitimation of the client and the profession: Identities and roles in social work discourse', in S. Sarangi and C. Roberts (eds) Talk, Work and Institutional Order: Discourse in Medical, Mediation and Management Settings, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
142. Hall, C., Sarangi, S. and Slembrouck, S. (1999b) ‘Speech representation and the categorisation of the client in social work discourse’, Text, 19(4): 539-70.
143. Hall, C., Slembrouck, S. and Sarangi, S. (2006) Language Practices in Social Work: Categorisation and Accountability in Child Welfare, London: Routledge.
144. Halliday, M.A.K. (1978) Language as Social Semiotic, London: Edward Arnold.
145. Halliday, M.A.K. (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Hodder Arnold.
146. Hallowell, N., Arden-Jones, A., Eeles, R., Foster, C., Lucassen, A., Moynihan, C. and Watson, M. (2006) ‘Guilt, blame and responsibility: Men’s understanding of their role in the transmission of BRCA1/2 mutations within their family’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 28(7): 969-88.
147. Hallowell, N., Foster, C., Eeles, R., Ardern-Jones, A., Merday, V. and Watson, M. (2003) ‘Balancing autonomy and responsibility: The ethics of generating and disclosing genetic information’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 29: 74-79.
148. Hamburg, M.A. and Collins, F.S. (2010) ‘The path to personalized medicine’, New England Journal of Medicine, 363: 301-4, available at:http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/363/4Z
149. Hamilton, M.P. (ed.) (1972) The New Genetics and the Future of Man, Grand Rapids, MI, Eerdmans.
150. Harper, P.S. (1997) ‘Genetics and public health’, in P.S. Harper and A. Clarke (eds) Genetics, Society and Clinical Practice, Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, pp. 143-48.
151. Harper, P.S. and Clarke, A. (1990) ‘Should we test children for adult genetic diseases?', The Lancet, 335: 1205-6.
152. Harre, R. (1986) The Social Construction of Emotions, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
153. Harre, R. and Langenhove, L. van (eds) (1999) Positioning Theory, Oxford: Blackwell.
154. Harris, J. (1985) The Value of Life, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
155. Harris, Z. (1952) ‘Discourse analysis’, Language, 28(1): 1-30.
156. Haycraft, J.B. (1900) Darwinism and Race Progress, 2nd edn, London, Swan Sonnenschein.
157. Hayek, F. (1944) The Road to Serfdom, Routledge: London.
158. Heath, D., Rapp, R. and Taussig, K.S. (2003) ‘Genetic citizenship', in D. Nugent and J. Vincent (eds) A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, Malden, MA, Blackwell, pp. 152-67.
159. Hedgecoe, A. (2004) The Politics of Personalised Medicine: Pharmacogenetics in the Clinic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
160. Hedgecoe, A. and Martin, P. (2008) ‘Genomics, STS, and the making of sociotechnical futures’, in EJ. Hackett (ed.) The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
161. Heritage, J. (1984) Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology, Cambridge: Polity.
162. Herzlinger, R.E. (1996) Market-Driven Health Care, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
163. Hester, S. and Eglin, P. (eds) (1997) Culture in Action: Studies in Membership Categorization Analysis, Lanham, MD: International Institute for Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis and University Press of America.
164. Hewitt, J.P. and Stokes, R. (1975) ‘Disclaimers’, American Sociological Review, 40(1): 1-11.
165. Hodge, R. and Kress, G. (1988) Social Semiotics, Cambridge: Polity Press.
166. Hodge, R. and Kress, G. (1993) Language as Ideology, 2nd edn, London: Routledge.
167. Holt, C. and Clift, R. (eds) (2007) Reporting Talk: Reported Speech in Interaction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
168. Housley, W. (2000) ‘Category work and knowledgeability within multidisciplinary team meetings’, Text, 20(1): 83-108.
169. Hsia, E.Y. (1974) ‘Choosing my children’s genes: Genetic counselling’, in M. Lipkin and P.T. Rowley (eds) Genetic Responsibility: On Choosing Our Children’s Genes, New York: Plenum Press.
170. Hughes, T. (1983) Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930. Baltimore, MD and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
171. Humphreys, L. (1970) Tearoom Trade: A Study of Homosexual Encounters in Public Places, London: Gerald Duckworth & Co.
172. Hunter, D.J., Khoury, MJ. and Drazen, J.M. (2008) ‘Letting the genome out of the bottle - will we get our wish?’, New England Journal Medicine, 358(2): 105-7.
173. Hunter, K.M. (1991) Doctor’s Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
174. Husted, J. (1997) ‘Autonomy and a right not to know’, in R. Chadwick, M. Levitt and D. Shickle (eds) The Right to Know and the Right Not to Know, Aldershot: Avebury, pp. 55-68.
175. Jakobsdottir, J., Gorin, M.B., Conley, Y.P., Ferrell, R.E. and Weeks, D.E. (2009) ‘Interpretation of genetic association studies: Markers with replicated highly significant odds ratios may be poor classifiers’, PLoS Genetics, 5(2): e1000337.
176. Janssens, A.C., Gwinn, M., Bradley, L.A., Oostra, B.A., van Duijn, C.M. and Khoury, MJ. (2008) ‘A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks and personalize health interventions’, American Journal ofHuman Genetics, 82(3): 593-99.
177. Jayyusi, L. (1984) Categories and the Moral Order, London: Routledge.
178. Jobling, M.A., Hurles, M.E. and Tyler-Smith, C. (2004) Human Evolutionary Genetics: Origins, Peoples and Disease, London: Garland Science Publishing.
179. Johnson, M.L., Abercrombie, M. and Fogg, G.E. (eds) (1954) The Origin of Life, New Biology, No.16, London: Penguin Books.
180. Kant, I. (2008 [1788]) The Critique of Practical Reason, Radford: Wilder Publications.
181. Kaye, J. (2008) ‘The regulation of direct-to-consumer genetic tests’, Human Molecular Genetics, 17(R2): R180-R183.
182. Kaye, J., Boddington, P., de Vries, J., Hawkins, N. and Melham, K. (2010) ‘Ethical implications of the use of whole genome methods in medical research’, European Journal of Human Genetics, 18(4): 398-403.
183. Keller, E.F. (2000) The Century of the Gene, Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.
184. Kenen, R.H. (1984) ‘Genetic counseling: The development of a new interdisciplinary occupational field', Social Science and Medicine, 18: 541-49.
185. Kenen, R.H. and Smith, A.C.M. (1995) ‘Genetic counselling for the next 25 years: Models for the future’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, (4)2: 115-24.
186. Kerr, A. (2003) ‘Genetics and citizenship’, Social Science and Modern Society, 40(6): 44-50.
187. Kerr, A. and Cunningham-Burley, S. (2000) ‘On ambivalence and risk: Reflexive modernity and the new human genetics’, Sociology, 34(2): 283-304.
188. Kerr, A., Cunningham-Burley, S. and Amos, A. (1997) ‘The new genetics: Professionals’ discursive boundaries’, The Sociological Review, 45(2): 279-303.
189. Kerr, A., Cunningham-Burley, S. and Amos, A. (1998) ‘Eugenics and the new genetics in Britain: Examining contemporary professionals' accounts', Science, Technology and Human Values, 23(2): 175-98.
190. Kessler, S. (1997) ‘Psychological aspects of genetic counselling XI: Nondirectiveness revisited’, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 72(2): 164-71.
191. Kessler, S. (2000) (ed. R.C. Resta) Psyche and Helix: Psychological Aspects of Genetic Counseling: Essays by Seymour Kessler, PhD, New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc.
192. Kevles, DJ. (1995) In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity, 2nd edn, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
193. King, D. (1995) ‘The state of eugenics', New Statesman and Society, 25 August: 25-26.
194. King, M. and Piper, C. (1990) How the Law Thinks About Children, Aldershot: Gower.
195. Klein, N. (2007) The Shock Doctrine: The Rise ofDisaster Capitalism, Knopf Canada: Random House.
196. Konrad, M. (2007). Narrating the New Predictive Genetics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
197. Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (2001) Multimodal Discourse, London: Arnold.
198. Kutz, G. (2010) Direct-to-consumer genetic tests: Misleading test results are further complicated by deceptive marketing and other questionable practices, Washington, DC: United States Government Accountability Office.
199. Labov, W. (1972) Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
200. Labov, W. and Waletzky, J. (1967) ‘Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience’, in J. Helms (ed.) Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
201. Lachance, C.R., Erby, L.A., Ford, B.M., Allen, V.C. Jr. and Kaphingst, K.A. (2010) ‘Informational content, literacy demands, and usability of websites offering health-related genetic tests directly to consumers’, Genetic Medicine, 12(5): 304-12.
202. Lakoff, G. (1987) Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
203. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980) Metaphors We Live By, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
204. Latour, B. and Woolgar, S. (1979) Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts, Beverly Hills and London: Sage.
205. Lehtinen, E. (2005) ‘Information, understanding and the benign order of everyday life in genetic counselling’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 27(5): 575-601.
206. Lehtinen, E. (2007) ‘Merging doctor and client knowledge: On doctors’ ways of dealing with clients’ potentially discrepant information in genetic counselling', Journal of Pragmatics, 39(2): 389-427.
207. Lehtinen, E. and Kaariainen, H. (2005) ‘Doctor’s expertise and managing discrepant information from other sources in genetic counselling: A conversation analytic perspective', Journal of Genetic Counseling 14(6): 435-51.
208. Lipkin, M. and Rowley, P.T. (eds) (1974) Genetic Responsibility: On Choosing Our Children’s Genes, New York: Plenum Press.
209. Lippman, A. (1991) ‘Prenatal genetic testing and screening: Constructing needs and reinforcing inequities’, American Journal of Law and Medicine, 17(1-2): 15-50.
210. Lippman, A. (1992a) ‘Led (astray) by genetic maps: The cartography of the human genome and health care’, Social Science and Medicine, 35(12): 1469-76.
211. Lippman, A. (1992b) ‘Mother matters: A fresh look at prenatal genetic testing’, Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering, 5(2): 141-54.
212. Lombroso, C. (1899) Le crime, causes et remèdes, Eng. edn, (1911) Crime, Its Causes and Remedies, London: W. Heinemann.
213. Lucassen, A. and Clarke, A. (2007) ‘Should families own genetic information?’ (Head to head Feature), BMJ, 335: 22-23.
214. Lucassen, A. and Parker, M. (2001) ‘Revealing false paternity: Some ethical considerations’, The Lancet, 357: 1033-35.
215. MacKenzie, D. and Wajcman, J. (eds) (1985) The Social Shaping of Technology, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
216. Malthus, T.R. (1798) An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects Future Improvement of Society, London: Johnson.
217. Mansfield, P.R. and Mintzes, B. (2003) ‘Direct-to-consumer advertising is more profitable if it is misleading’, New Zealand Medical Journal, 116(1182): U610.
218. Marks, J.H. (2003) ‘The price of seduction: Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs in the US’, North Carolina Medical Journal, 64: 292-95.
219. Marshall, T.H. (1983) ‘Citizenship and social class’, in D. Held, J. Anderson, B. Gieben, S. Hall, L. Harris, P. Lewis, N. Parker and B. Tierok (eds) States and Societies, Oxford: Martin Robertson.
220. Marteau, T.M., French, D.P., Griffin, SJ. et al. (2010) ‘Effects of communicating DNA-based disease risk estimates on risk-reducing behaviours’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Oct 6 (10): 5-6.
221. Marteau, T.M., van Duijn, M. and Ellis, I. (1992) ‘Effects of genetic screening on perceptions of health: A pilot study’, Journal of Medical Genetics, 29(1): 24-26.
222. Martin, P. (1999) ‘Genes as drugs: The social shaping of gene therapy and the reconstruction of genetic disease’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 21(5): 517-38.
223. Maxwell, RJ. (1984) ‘Quality assessment in health’, BMJ, 288(6428): 1470-72.
224. Maynard, A. (1986) ‘Policy choices in the health sector’, in R. Berthoud (ed.) Challenges to Social Policy. London: Policy Studies Institute.
225. Maynard, A. (1991) ‘Developing the health care market’, The Economic Journal, 101(Sept): 1277-86.
226. McAllister, M., Payne, K., Macleod, R., Nicholls, S., Donnai, D. and Davies, L. (2008) ‘What process attributes of clinical genetics services could maximise patient benefits?’, European Journal of Human Genetics, 16(12): 1467-76.
227. McBride, C.M., Koehly, L.M., Sanderson, S.C., Kaphingst, K.A. (2010) ‘The behavioural response to personalized genetic information: Will genetic risk profiles motivate individuals and families to choose more healthful behaviors?’, Annual Review of Public Health, 31: 89-103.
228. McCarthy Veach, P., Bartels, D.M. and LeRoy, B.S. (2001) ‘Ethical and professional challenges posed by patients with genetic concerns: A report of focus group discussions with genetic counselors, physicians, and nurses’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 10(2): 97-119.
229. McCarthy Veach, P., Bartels, D.M. and LeRoy, B.S. (2007) ‘Coming full circle: A reciprocal engagement model of genetic counselling practice’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 16(6): 713-28.
230. McGregor, S. (2001) ‘Neoliberalism and health care’, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 25(2): 82-89.
231. McQueen, MJ., Hawken, S., Wang, X. et al. (2008) ‘Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): A case-control study’, The Lancet, 372(9634): 224-33.
232. Mehan, H. (1986) ‘The role of language and the language of role in institutional decision making’, in S. Fisher and A.D. Todd (eds) Discourse and Institutional Authority: Medicine, Education and Law, Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
233. Melzer, D., Hogarth, S., Liddell, K., Ling, T., Sanderson, S. and Zimmern, R.L. (2008) ‘Genetic tests for common diseases: New insights, old concerns’, BMJ, 336: 590-93.
234. Michie, S., Bobrow, M. and Marteau, T.M. (2001) ‘Predictive genetic testing in children and adults: A study of emotional impact’, Journal of Medical Genetics, 38(8): 519-26.
235. Michie, S., Bron, F., Bobrow, M. and Marteau, T.M. (1997) ‘Nondirectiveness in genetic counseling: An empirical study’, American Journal of Human Genetics, 60(1): 40-47.
236. Michie, S., Smith, J.A., Senior, V. and Marteau, T.M. (2003) ‘Understanding why negative genetic test results sometimes fail to reassure', American Journal ofMedical Genetics, 119a(3): 340-47.
237. Mills, C.W. (1940) ‘Situated actions and vocabularies of motive’, American Sociological Review, 5(6): 904-13.
238. Mooney, G.H and Drummond, M.F. (1982) ‘Developing health care policies', BMJ, 285: 1329-31.
239. Moore, J.H. and Williams, S.M. (2009) ‘Epistasis and its implications for personal genomics', American Journal ofHuman Genetics, 85(3): 309-20.
240. Morel, B.A. (1857) Traité des dégénérescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l’espèce humaine et des causes qui produisent ces variétés maladives, New York: J.B. Baillière.
241. Moscovici, S. (1961) La psychanalyse, son image et son public, Paris: PUF.
242. Mühlhausler, P. and Harré, R. (1990) Pronouns and People: The Linguistic Construction of Social and Personal Identity, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
243. Murakami, Y., Gondo, N., Okamura, H., Akechi, T. and Uchitomi, Y. (2001) ‘Guilt from negative genetic test findings’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 1589(11): 1929.
244. Murray, C. (1984) Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1850-1980, New York: Basic Books.
245. Murray, E., Lo, B., Pollack, L., Donelan, K. and Len, K. (2004) ‘Direct-to-consumer advertising: Public perceptions of its effects on health behaviours, health care, and the doctor-patient relationship’, The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 17(1): 6-18.
246. Myers, G. (1985) ‘Text as knowledge claims: The social construction of two biologists' articles’, Social Studies of Science, 15(4): 593-630.
247. Myers, G. (1990) Writing Biology: Texts in the Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
248. Myers, G. (1999) ‘Unspoken speech: Hypothetical reported discourse and the rhetoric of everyday talk’, Text, 19(4): 571-90.
249. Ned, A.C. and Goldstein, D.B. (2009) ‘Next generation disparities in human genomics: Concerns and remedies’, Trends in Genetics, 25(11): 489-94.
250. Nelkin, D. (1994) ‘Promotional metaphors and their popular appeal’, Public Understanding of Science, 3(1): 25-31.
251. Nelkin, D. and Lindee, M.S. (1995) The DNA Mystique: The Gene as a Cultural Icon, New York: W.H. Freeman.
252. Nelson, J., Megill, A. and McClosky, D. (eds) (1987) The Rhetoric of the Human Sciences, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
253. Ng, P.C., Murray, S.S., Levy, S. and Venter, J.C. (2009a) ‘An agenda for personalized medicine’, Nature, 461: 724-26.
254. Ng, S.B., Turner, E.H., Robertson, P.D., et al. (2009b) ‘Targeted capture and massively parallel sequencing of 12 human exomes’, Nature, 461: 272-76.
255. Novas, C., and Rose, N. (2000) ‘Genetic risk and the birth of the somatic individual’, Economy and Society, 29(4), 485-513.
256. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2010) Medical profiling and online medicine: The ethics of ‘personalised healthcare’ in a consumer age, London: Nuffield Press.
257. O’Malley, P. (1992) ‘Risk, power and crime prevention’, Economy and Society, 21(3): 252-75.
258. O’Malley, P. (1996) ‘Risk and responsibility’, in A. Barry, T. Osborne and N. Rose (eds) Foucault and Political Rationality, London: UCL Press.
259. Parens, E. and Asch, A. (eds) (2000) Prenatal Testing and Disability Rights, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
260. Parker, M. and Lucassen, A. (2003) ‘Concern for families and individuals in clinical genetics’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(2):70-73.
261. Parkin, F. (1968) Middle class radicalism: The Social Bases of the British Campaign for Nuclear Armament, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
262. Parsons, E. and Atkinson, P. (1992) ‘Lay constructions of genetic risk’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 14(4): 437-55.
263. Parsons, E. and Clarke, A. (1993) ‘Genetic risk: Women’s understanding of carrier risks in Duchenne muscular dystrophy’, Journal of Medical Genetics, 30(7): 562-66.
264. Parsons, T. (1951) The Social System, Glencoe: Free Press.
265. Patch, C., Sequeiros, J. and Cornel, M.C. (2009) ‘Genetic horoscopes: Is it all in the genes? Points for regulatory control of direct-to-consumer genetic testing’, European Journal of Human Genetics, 17(7): 857-59.
266. Paul, D.B. (1994) ‘Eugenic anxieties, social realities, and political choices’, in C.F. Cranor (ed.) Are Genes Us?: The Social Consequences of the New Genetics, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
267. Pearson, K. (1900) The Grammar of Science, 2nd edn, London: Adam & Charles Black.
268. Perakyla, A. (1995) AIDS Counselling. Institutional Interactions and Clinical Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
269. Perelman, C. and Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1969) The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation, (J. Wilkinson and P. Weaver, trans.), Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
270. Petersen, A. (2001) ‘Biofantasies: Genetics and medicine in the print news media’, Social Science and Medicine, 52(8): 1255-68.
271. Petersen, A. and Bunton, G. (2002) The New Genetics and the Public’s Health, London: Routledge.
272. Petersen, A. and Lupton, D. (1996) The New Public Health: Health and Self in the Age of Risk, London: Sage.
273. Pilnick, A. (2002a) ‘What ‘‘most people’’ do: Exploring the ethical implications of genetic counselling’, New Genetics and Society, 21(3): 339-50.
274. Pilnick, A. (2002b) ‘“There are no rights and wrongs in these situations’’: Identifying interactional difficulties in genetic counselling’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 24(1): 66-88.
275. Pinch, T. (1985) ‘Towards an analysis of scientific observation: The externality and evidential significance of observational reports in physics’, Social Studies of Science, 15(1): 3-36.
276. Pinch, TJ. and Bijker, W.E. (1984) ‘The social construction of facts and artefacts: Or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other’, Social Studies of Science, 14(3): 399-441.
277. Polanyi, K. (1957) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston: Beacon Press.
278. Pomerantz, A.M. (1978) ‘Attributions of responsibility: Blamings’, Sociology, 12(1): 15-21.
279. Pomerantz, A.M. (1986) ‘Extreme-case formulations: A way of legitimizing claims’, Human Studies, 9(2/3): 219-29.
280. Poster, M. (2005) ‘Future Advertising: Dick's Ubik and the Digital Ad', in S. Cohen and R.L. Rutsky (eds) Consumption in the Age of Information, Oxford: Berg.
281. Potter, J. (1996) Representing Reality: Discourse, Rhetoric and Social Construction, London: Sage.
282. Pushkarev, D., Neff, N.F. and Quake, S.R. (2009) ‘Single-molecule sequencing of an individual human genome’, Nature Biotechnology, 27(9): 847-50.
283. Raffle, A. and Gray, M. (2007) Screening: Evidence and Practice, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
284. Rapp, R. (1999) Testing Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America, London and New York: Routledge.
285. Reinhart, T. (1984) ‘Principles of gestalt perception in the temporal organization of narrative texts’, Linguistics, 22: 779-809.
286. Reissman, C.K. (1993) Narrative Analysis, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
287. Richards, M.P.M. (1993) ‘The new genetics: Some issues for social scientists', Sociology of Health and Illness, 15(5): 567-86.
288. Rifkin, J. (1998) The Biotech Century: How Genetic Commerce Will Change the World, London: Phoenix.
289. Rimmon-Kenan, S. (1983) Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics, London: Methuen.
290. Ritchie, D.G. (1891) Darwinism and Politics, London: Swan Sonnenschein.
291. Rivett, G. (1998) From Cradle to Grave: Fifty Years of the NHS, London: King’s Fund.
292. Roberts, C. and Sarangi, S. (2005) ‘Theme-oriented discourse analysis of medical encounters’, Medical Education, 39(6): 632-40.
293. Rose, N. (1993) ‘Government, authority and expertise in advanced liberalism', Economy and Society, 22(3): 283-99.
294. Rose, N. (1996) ‘Governing “advanced” liberal democracies’, in A. Barry, T. Osborne and N. Rose (eds) Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism and Rationalities of Government, London: UCL Press, pp. 37-64.
295. Rose, N. (1999) Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
296. Rose, N. (2007) The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
297. Rose, N. and Miller, P. (1992) ‘Political power beyond the state: Problematics of government’, British Journal of Sociology, 43(2): 172-205.
298. Rose, N. and Novas, C. (2005) ‘Biological citizenship’, in A. Ong and SJ. Collier (eds) Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 439-63.
299. Rothman, B.K. (1986) The Tentative Pregnancy: Amniocentesis and the Sexual Politics of Motherhood, New York: Viking.
300. Rothman, B.K. (1998) Genetic Maps and Human Imaginations: The Limits of Science in Understanding Who We Are, New York: Norton.
301. Royal College of Physicians Report (1989) Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Screening, London: Royal College of Physicians.
302. Rubinelli, S. (2005) ‘“Ask your doctor’’. Argumentation in advertising of prescription medicines', Studies in Communication Sciences, Special issue on health literacy, 5(2): 75-98.
303. Rubinelli, S., Nakamoto, K. and Schulz, PJ. (2008) ‘The Rabbit in the hat: Dubious argumentation and the persuasive effects of prescription drug advertising (DTCA)’, Communication and Medicine, 5(1): 49-58.
304. Rubinelli, S., Nakamoto, K., Schulz, J.P. and de Saussure, L. (2006) ‘What are we to think about consumer advertising? A case-study in the field of misinterpreted argumentation', Studies in Communication Sciences, 6(2): 337-48.
305. Ryle, G. (1971) Collected Papers, Vol. 2, London: Hutchinson.
306. Sachs, L. (1999) ‘Knowledge of no return: Getting and giving information about genetic risk’, Acta Oncologica 38(6): 735-40.
307. Sacks, H. (1974) ‘On the analysability of stories by children’, in R. Turner (ed.) Ethnomethodology: Selected Readings, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 216-32.
308. Sacks, H. (1992) Lectures on Conversation, Vol. 2 (ed. G. Jefferson), Oxford: Blackwell.
309. Sacks, H., Schegloff, E.A. and Jefferson, G. (1974) ‘A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation’, Language, 50: 696-735.
310. Saferstein, B. and Sarangi, S. (2010) ‘Mediating modes of representation in understanding science: The case of genetic inheritance’, in P Prior and J Hengst (eds) Exploring Semiotic Remediation as Discourse Practice, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
311. Sarangi, S. (2000) ‘Activity types, discourse types and interactional hybridity: The case of genetic counselling’, in S. Sarangi and M. Coulthard (eds) Discourse and Social Life. London: Pearson, pp. 1-27.
312. Sarangi, S. (2006) ‘Genetic counselling communication: A discourse analytic approach’, in D.N. Cooper (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Life Sciences, Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 1-6.
313. Sarangi, S. (2010a) ‘Professional values in interaction: Non-directiveness, client-centredness and other-orientation in genetic counselling’, in S. Pattison, B. Hannigan, R. Pill and H. Thomas (eds) Emerging Values in Healthcare: The Challenge for Professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley, pp. 163-85.
314. Sarangi, S. (2010b) ‘The spatial and temporal dimensions of reflective questions in genetic counselling’, in A. Freed and S. Ehrlich (eds) "Why Do You Ask?”: The Function of Questions in Institutional Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 235-55.
315. Sarangi, S. (2010c) ‘Practising discourse analysis in healthcare settings’, in I. Bourgeault, R. DeVries and R. Dingwall (eds) The SAGE handbook of Qualitative Methods in Health Research, London: Sage, 397-416.
316. Sarangi, S. (in press) ‘Owning responsible actions/selves: Parental accounts in the context of childhood genetic testing’, in J-O. Östman and A. Solin (eds) Discourse and Responsibility in Professional Settings, Equinox Publishing.
317. Sarangi, S. and Clarke, A. (2002a) ‘Constructing an account by contrast in counselling for childhood genetic testing’, Social Science and Medicine, 54(2), 295-308.
318. Sarangi, S. and Clarke, A. (2002b) Zones of expertise and the management of uncertainty in genetics risk communication. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 35(2): 39-171.
319. Sarangi, S. and Coulthard, M. (2000) ‘Discourse as topic, resource and social practice: An introduction’, in S. Sarangi and M. Coulthard (eds) Discourse and Social Life, London: Pearson, xv-xli.
320. Sarangi, S., Bennert, K., Howell, H. and Clarke, A. (2003) ‘‘‘Relatively speaking’’: Relativisation of genetic risk in counselling for predictive testing’, Health, Risk and Society, 5(2): 155-70.
321. Sarangi, S., Bennert, K., Howell, L., Clarke, A., Harper, P. and Gray, J. (2004) ‘Initiation of reflective frames in counselling for Huntington’s disease predictive testing’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 13(2): 135-55.
322. Sarangi, S., Bennert, K., Howell, L., Clarke, A., Harper, P. and Gray, J. (2005) ‘(Mis)alignments in counselling for Huntington’s disease predictive testing: Clients’ responses to reflective frames’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 14(1): 29-42.
323. Sarangi, S., Brookes-Howell, L., Bennert, K. and Clarke, A. (2011) ‘Psychological and sociomoral frames in genetic counselling for predictive testing’, in C.N. Candlin and S. Sarangi (eds) Handbook of Communication in Organisations and Professions, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 235-257.
324. Saussure, F. (1959) Course in General Linguistics, New York: Philosophical Library.
325. Schiffrin, D. (1990) ‘The language of discourse: Connections inside and out’, Text, 10(1/2): 97-100.
326. Schiffrin, D. (1993) ‘“Speaking for another’’ in sociolinguistic interviews: Alignments, identities, and frames’, in D. Tannen (ed.) Framing in Discourse, New York: Oxford University Press.
327. Schönbach, P. (1980) ‘A category system for account phrases’, European Journal of Social Psychology, 10: 195-200.
328. Schutz, A. (1964) Collected Papers II: Studies in Social Theory, (ed.) A. Brodersen, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
329. Scott, M. and Lyman, S. (1968) ‘Accounts’, American Sociological Review, 31: 46-62.
330. Searle G.R. (1998) ‘The Early Years’, in R.A. Peel (ed.) Essays in the History of Eugenics, London: The Galton Institute.
331. Searle, G.R. (1976) Eugenics and Politics in Britain 1900-1914, Noordhoff International Publishers: Leyden.
332. Semin, G.R. and Manstead, A.S.R. (1983) The Accountability of Conduct: A Social Psychological Analysis, London: Academic Press.
333. Semmel, B. (1968) Imperialism and Social Reform: English Social-Imperial Thought, 1895-1914, New York: Doubleday & Co.
334. Shakespeare, T. (1998) ‘Choices and rights: Eugenics, genetics and disability equality’, Disability and Society, 13(5): 665-81.
335. Shakespeare, T. (2006) Disability Rights and Wrongs. Abingdon: Routledge.
336. Shiloh, S. (1996) ‘Decision-making in the context of genetic risk’, in T. Marteau and M. Richards (eds) The Troubled Helix: Social and Psychological Implications of the New Human Genetics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 82-103.
337. Shotter, J. (1985) ‘Social accountability and self specification’, in K.L. Gergen and K.E. Davis (eds) The Social Construction of the Person, New York: Springer-Verlag.
338. Silverman, D. (1987) Communication and Medical Practice: Social Relations in the Clinic, London: Sage.
339. Silverman, D. (1997) Discourses of Counselling: HIV Counselling as Social Interaction, London: Sage.
340. Simons, H.W. (ed.) (1989) Rhetoric in the Human Science, London: Sage.
341. Skirton, H. (1998) ‘Telling the children’, in A. Clarke (ed.) The Genetic Testing of Children, Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd.
342. Skirton, H. (2001) ‘The client’s perspective of genetic counselling: A grounded theory study’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 10(4): 311-29.
343. Skirton, H., Kyoko, M., Kumiko, T., Saeko, K. and Sue, T. (2010) ‘Genetic competence of midwives in the UK and Japan’, Nursing and Health Issues, 12(3): 292-303.
344. Smith, D. (1978) ‘K is mentally ill: The anatomy of a factual account’, Sociology, 12(1): 23-53.
345. Sobel, S.K. and Cowan, D.B. (2000) ‘Impact of genetic testing for Huntington disease on the family system’, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 90(1): 49-59.
346. Spencer, H. (1857) Progress: Its Law and Cause, New York: J. Fitzgerald.
347. Stoddart, K. (1974) ‘Pinched: Notes on the ethnographer's location of argot', in R Turner (ed.) Ethnomethodology: Selected Readings, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 173-79.
348. Stokes, R. and Hewitt, J.P. (1976) ‘Aligning action’, American Sociological Review, 41(5): 838-49.
349. Sutherland, E.H. (1955) Principles of Criminology, Chicago, IL: Lippincott.
350. Swage, T. (2000) Clinical Governance in Health Care Practice, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
351. Sykes, G. and Matza, D. (1957) ‘Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency’, American Sociological Review, 22(6): 664-70.
352. Tannen, D. (1989) Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue and Imagery in Conversational Discourse, New York: Cambridge University Press.
353. Tarpey, P.S., Smith, R., Pleasance, E. et al. (2009) ‘A systematic, large-scale resequencing screen of X-chromosome coding exons in mental retardation’, Nature Genetics, 41(5): 535-43.
354. Taussig, K., Rayna, R., and Heath, D. (2003) ‘Flexible eugenics: Technologies of the self in the age of genetics', in A.H. Goodman, D. Heath and S.M. Lindee (eds) Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology and Science Beyond the Two-Culture Divide, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
355. Tedesche, J. and Reiss, M. (1981) ‘Verbal strategies in impression management’, in C. Antaki (ed.) The Psychology of Ordinary Explanations of Social Behaviour, London: Academic Press.
356. Tibben, A., Vegter-vander Vlis, M., Skraastad, M.I. et al. (1992) ‘DNA-testing for Huntington’s disease in The Netherlands: a retrospective study on psychosocial effects’, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 44(1): 94-99.
357. Toulmin, S. (1958) The Uses of Argument, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
358. Townsend, J. (1786) [1971] A Dissertation on the Poor Laws by a Well-Wisher of Mankind. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
359. Tribe, K. (1981) Genealogies of Capitalism, London: Macmillan.
360. Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D. (1981) ‘The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice’, Science, 211(4481): 453-58.
361. van der Net, J.B., Janssens, A.C., Sijbrands, EJ. and Steyerberg E.W. (2009) ‘Value of genetic profiling for the prediction of coronary heart disease’, American Heart Journal, 158(1): 105-10.
362. van Dijck, T. (1998) Imagenation: Popular Images of Genetics, New York: New York University Press.
363. Vorhaus, D. (2010) ‘From gulf oil to snake oil’: Congress takes aim at DTC genetic testing. Genomics Law Report. http://www.genomicslawreport.com/index.php/2010/07/22/from-gulf-oil-to-snake-oil-congress-takes-aim-at-dtc-genetic-testing/ (accessed 22 October 2010).
364. Wade, C. and Wilfond, B.S. (2006) ‘Ethical and clinical practice considerations for genetic counsellors related to direct-to-consumer marketing of genetic tests’, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 142C(4): 284-92.
365. Wallace, S. (1982) ‘Figure and ground: The interrelationships of linguistic categories’, in PJ. Hopper (ed.) Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics and Pragmatics, Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
366. Walsh, T., McClennan, J.M., McCarthy, S.E., et al. (2008) ‘Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopment pathways in Schizophrenia’, Science, 320(5875): 539-43.
367. Watson, D. (1978) ‘Categorizations, authorization and blame-negotiation in conversation’, Sociology, 12(1): 105-13.
368. Weatherall, DJ. (1982) The New Genetics and Clinical Practice, London: Nuffield. Provincial Hospitals Trust.
369. Weil, J. (2003) ‘Psychological genetic counselling in the post-nondirective era: A point of view’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 12(3):199-211.
370. Weismann, A. (1892) Das Keimplasma: Eine Theorie der Vererbung, Fischer, Jena.
371. Wieder, L.D. (1974) Language and Social reality: The Case of Telling the Convict Code, The Hague: Mouton.
372. Williams, A. (1985) ‘The value of QALYS’, Health and Social Services Journal, 18: 3-5.
373. Wolff, G. and Jung, C. (1995) ‘Nondirectiveness and genetic counseling’, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 4(1): 3-25.
374. Wooffitt, R. (1992) Telling Tales of the Unexpected: The Organisation of Factual Discourse, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
375. Wright, C.F. and Kroese, M. (2010) ‘Evaluation of genetic tests for susceptibility to common complex diseases: Why, when and how?’, Human Genetics, 127(2): 125-34.
376. Wright, S. (1932) ‘The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution’, Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Genetics, 1: 356-66.
377. Young, I.D. (2005) Medical Genetics, Oxford: Oxford University Press (Oxford Core Texts).
378. Yoxen, EJ. (1986) The Gene Business: Who Should Control Biotechnology?, New York: Oxford University Press.
379. Zimmern, R. (2009) ‘Testing challenges: Evaluation of novel diagnostics and molecular biomarkers', Clinical Medicine, 9(1): 68-73.
380. Zimmern, R.L. and Kroese, M. (2007) ‘The evaluation of genetic tests’, Journal of Public Health, 29: 246-50.