The effects of aerosol on development of thunderstorm electrification: A numerical study

Atmospheric Research

Volumn 153, Issue , 2015, Pages 376-391

  Zhao, Pengguo ^a   Yin, Yan ^a   Xiao, Hui ^a  

^a NANJING UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Aerosol effects; Charge structure; Electrification; Mesoscale model

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC UTILITIES; ICE; SNOW; THUNDERSTORMS; WEATHER FORECASTING;

AEROSOL CONCENTRATION; AEROSOL EFFECT; CHARGE STRUCTURE; ELECTRIFICATION; MESO-SCALE MODELING; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESS; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODELS;

AEROSOLS;

AEROSOL; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ELECTRIFICATION; NUMERICAL METHOD; THUNDERSTORM;

EID: 84908628105     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.09.011     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Abdul-Razzak H., Ghan S.J., Rivera-Carpio C. A parameterization of aerosol activation, 1, Single aerosol type. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:6123-6132.
2. Andreae M.O., Rosenfeld D., Artaxo P., Costa A.A., Frank G.P., Longo K.M., Silva-Dias M.A.F. Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon. Science 2004, 303:1337-1342.
3. Avila E.E., Pereyra R., Aguirre-Varela G.G., Caranti G.M. The effect of the cloud droplet spectrum on charge transfer during individual ice-ice collisions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1999, 125:1669-1679.
4. Avila E.E., Saunders C.P.R., Bax-Norman H., Castellano N.E. Charge sign reversal in irregular ice particle-graupel collisions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L01801. 10.1029/2004GL020761.
5. Baker B., Baker M.B., Jayaratne E.R., Latham J., Saunders C.P.R. The influence of diffusional growth rates on the charge transfer accompanying rebounding collisions between ice crystals and soft hailstones. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1987, 113:1193-1215.
6. Baker M.B., Christian H.J., Lat-ham J. A computational study of the relationships linking lightning frequency and other thundercloud parameters. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1995, 121:1525-1548.
7. Barthe C., Pinty J.P. Simulation of electrified storms with comparison of the charge structure and lightning efficiency. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D19204. 10.1029/2006JD008241.
8. Bell T.L., Rosenfeld D., Kim K.M., Yoo J.M., Lee M.I., Hahnenberger M. Midweek increase in U.S. summer rain and storm heights suggests air pollution invigorates rainstorms. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D02209. 10.1029/2007JD008623.
9. Brooks I.M., Saunders C.P.R., Mitzeva R.P., Peck S.L. The effect on thunderstorm charging of the rate of rime accretion by graupel. Atmos. Res. 1997, 43:277-295.
10. Chaudhuri S., Middey A. Effect of meteorological parameters and environmental pollution on thunderstorm and lightning activity over an urban metropolis of India. Urban Clim. 2013, 3:67-75.
11. Christian H.J., Blakeslee R.J., Boccippio D.J., Boeck W.L., Buechler D.E., Driscoll K.T., Goodman S.J., Hall J.M., Koshak W.J., Mach D.M., Stewart M.F. Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the optical transient detector. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(D1):4005. 10.1029/2002JD002347.
12. Dye J.E., Jones J.J., Winn W.P., Cerny T.A., Gardiner B., Lamb D., Pitter R.L., Hallett J., Saunders C.P.R. Early electrification and precipitation development in a small isolated Montana thunderstorm. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, 91:1231-1247.
13. Emersic C., Saunders C.P.R. Further laboratory investigations into the Relative Diffusional Growth Rate theory of thunderstorm electrification. Atmos. Res. 2010, 98:327-340.
14. Farias W.R.G., Pinto O., Naccarato K.P., Pinto I.R.C.A. Anomalous lightning activity over the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo due to urban effects. Atmos. Res. 2009, 91:485-490.
15. Helsdon J.H., Wojcik W.A., Farley R.D. An examination of thunderstorm-charging mechanisms using a two-dimensional storm electrification model. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:1165-1192.
16. Jayaratne E.R., Saunders C.P.R., Hallett J. Laboratory studies of the charging of soft hail during ice crystal interactions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1983, 109:609-630.
17. Kar S.K., Liou Y.A., Ha K.J. Aerosol effects on the enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over major urban areas of South Korea. Atmos. Res. 2009, 92:80-87.
18. Keith W.D., Saunders C.P.R. Further laboratory studies of the charging of graupel during ice crystal interactions. Atmos. Res. 1990, 25:445-464.
19. Khain A. Notes on state-of-the-art investigations of aerosol effects on precipitation: a critical review. Environ. Res. Lett. 2009, 4:015004.
20. Khain A., Cohen N., Lynn B., Pokrovsky A. Possible aerosol effects on lightning activity and structure of hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008, 65:3652-3667.
21. Khain A., Lynn B., Dudhia J. Aerosol effects on intensity of landfalling hurricanes as seen from simulations with the WRF model with spectral bin microphysics. J. Atmos. Sci. 2010, 67:365-384.
22. Koren I., Kaufman Y.J., Rosenfeld D., Remer L.A., Rudich Y. Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L14828. 10.1029/2005GL023187.
23. Koren I., Remer L.A., Altaratz O., Martins J.V., Davidi A. Aerosol-induced changes of convective cloud anvils produce strong climate warming. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:5001-5010.
24. Li Z., Niu F., Fan J., Liu Y., Rosenfeld D., Ding Y. Long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:888-894.
25. Lin Y.L., Farley R.D., Orville H.D. Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1983, 22:1065-1092.
26. Lynn B., Khain A., Rosenfeld D., Woodley W.L. Effects of aerosols on precipitation from orographic clouds. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D10. 10.1029/2006JD007537.
27. Mansell E.R., Ziegler C.L. Aerosol effects on simulated storm electrification and precipitation in a two-moment bulk microphysics model. J. Atmos. Sci. 2013, 70:2032-2050.
28. Mansell E.R., MacGorman D.R., Ziegler C.L., Straka J.M. Simulated three-dimensional branched lightning in a numerical thunderstorm model. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(D9):4075. 10.1029/2000JD000244.
29. Mansell E.R., MacGorman D.R., Ziegler C.L., Straka J.M. Charge structure and lightning sensitivity in a simulated multicell thunderstorm. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110. 10.1029/2004JD005287.
30. Marshall T., Rust W. Electric field soundings through thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96:22297-22306.
31. Marshall T.C., MacCarthy M.P., Rust W.D. Electric field magnitudes and lightning initiation in thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100:7097-7103.
32. Middey A., Chaudhuri S. The reciprocal relation between lightning and pollution and their impact over Kolkata, India. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2013, 20:3133-3139.
33. Miller K., Gadian A., Saunders C.P.R., Latham J., Christian H. Modelling and observations of thundercloud electrification and lightning. Atmos. Res. 2001, 58:89-115.
34. Mitzeva R.P., Saunders C.P.R., Tsenova B. A modelling study of the effect of cloud saturation and particle growth rates on charge transfer in thunderstorm electrification. Atmos. Res. 2005, 76:206-221.
35. Mitzeva R.P., Latham J., Petrova S. A comparative modeling study of the early electrical development of maritime and continental thunderstorms. Atmos. Res. 2006, 82:26-36.
36. Mitzeva R., Tsenova B., Albrechd R., Petersen W. A study of charge structure sensitivity in simulated thunderstorms. Atmos. Res. 2009, 91:299-309.
37. Morrison H., Gettelman A. A new two-moment bulk strati-form cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3), Part I: Description and numerical tests. J. Clim. 2008, 21:3642-3659.
38. Morrison H., Curry J.A., Khvorostyanov V.I. A new double-moment microphysics scheme for application in cloud and climate models. Part 1: Description. J. Atmos. Sci. 2005, 62:1665-1677.
39. Muhlbauer A., Lohmann U. Sensitivity studies of the role of aerosols in warm-phase orographic precipitation in different dynamical flow regimes. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008, 65:2522-2542.
40. Muhlbauer A., Hashino T., Xue L., Teller A., Lohmann U., Rasmussen R.M., Geresdi I., Pan Z. Intercomparison of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in stratiform orographic mixed-phase clouds. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:8173-8196.
41. Naccarato K.P., Pinto O., Pinto I.R.C.A. Evidence of thermal and aerosol effects on the cloud-to-ground lightning density and polarity over large urban areas of Southeastern Brazil. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30(13):1674. 10.1029/2003GL017496.
42. Orville R.E., Huffines G.R., Nielsen-Gammon J., Zhang R., Ely B., Steiger S., Phillips S., Allen S., Read W. Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over Houston, Texas. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28(13):2597-2600.
43. Pinto I.R.C.A., Pinto O., Gomes M.A.S.S., Ferreira N.J. Urban effect on the characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning over Belo Horizonte-Brazil. Ann. Geophys. 2004, 22:697-700.
44. Reynolds S.E., Brook M., Gourley M.F. Thunderstorm charge separation. J. Meteorol. 1957, 14:426-436.
45. Rison W., Krehbiel P.R., Hamlin T., Harlin J., Thomas R.J. GPS-based three-dimensional lightning mapping system: initial observations in central New Mexico. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, 26:3573-3576.
46. Rosenfeld D. TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, 26(20):3105-3108.
47. Rosenfeld D., Woodley W.L. Deep convective clouds with sustained supercooled liquid water down to -37. 5°C. Nature 2000, 405:440-442.
48. Rosenfeld D., Woodley W.L., Khain A., Cotton W.R., Carrio G., Ginis I., Gonden J.H. Aerosol effects on microstructure and intensity of tropical cyclones. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2012, 93:987-1001.
49. Rust W.D., MacGorman D.R. Possibly inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms during STEPS. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29(12):1571. 10.1029/2001GL014303.
50. Rust W.D., MacGorman D.R., Bruning E.C., Weiss S.A., Krehbiel P.R., Thomas R.J., Rison W., Hamlin T., Harlin J. Inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS). Atmos. Res. 2005, 76:247-271.
51. Saunders C.P.R., Peck S.L. Laboratory studies of the influence of the rime accretion rate on charge transfer during crystal/graupel collisions. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103(D12):13949-13956.
52. Saunders C.P.R., Keith W.D., Mitzeva R.P. The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96:11007-11017.
53. Saunders C.P.R., Peck S.L., Aguirre Varela G.G., Avila E.E., Castellano N.E. A laboratory study of the influence of water vapor and mixing on the charge transfer process during collisions between ice crystals and graupel. Atmos. Res. 2001, 58:187-203.
54. Sherwood S.C., Phillips V.T.J., Wettlaufer J.S. Small ice crystals and the climatology of lightning. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L05804. 10.1029/2005GL025242.
55. Siingh D., Buchunde P.S., Singh R.P., Nath k, Kumar S., Ghodpage R.N. Lightning and convective rain study in different parts of India. Atmos. Res. 2014, 137:35-48.
56. Stallins J.A., Carpenter J., Bentley M.L., Ashley W.S., Mulholland J.A. Weekend-weekday aerosols and geographic variability in cloud-to-ground lightning for the urban region of Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Reg. Environ. Change 2013, 1:137-151.
57. Stolzenburg M., Rust W.D., Marshall T.C. Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions: 2. Isolated storms. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:14079-14096.
58. Strikas O.M., Elsner J.B. Enhanced cloud-to-ground lightning frequency in the vicinity of coal plants and highways in Northern Georgia, USA. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2013, 14:243-248.
59. Takahashi T. Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms. J. Atmos. Sci. 1978, 35:1536-1548.
60. Takahashi T. Numerical simulation of winter cumulus electrification. Part I: Shallow cloud. J. Atmos. Sci. 1983, 40:1257-1280.
61. Takahashi T. Thunderstorm electrification-a numerical study. J. Atmos. Sci. 1984, 41:2541-2558.
62. Thomas R.J., Rison W., Hamlin T., Harlin J., Shown D., Krehbiel P.N. Observation of VHF source powers radiated by lightning. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:143-146.
63. Von der Emde K., Wacker U. Comments on the relationship between aerosol spectra, equilibrium drop size spectra, and CCN spectra. Beitr. Phys. Atmos. 1993, 66:157-162.
64. Wang C. A modeling study of the response of tropical deep convection to the increase of cloud condensation nuclei concentration: 1. Dynamics and microphysics. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:D21211. 10.1029/2004JD005720.
65. Wang Y., Wan Q., Meng W., Liao F., Tan H., Zhang R. Long-term impacts of aerosols on precipitation and lightning over the Pearl River Delta megacity area in China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11:12421-12436.
66. Wang N., Tan Y., Shi Z., Guo X. Thunderstorm cloud electrification model after coupled aerosol module. Plateau Meteorol. 2013, 32(2):541-548. (in Chinese with English abstract).
67. Weingartner E., Nyeki S., Baltensperger U. Seasonal and diurnal variation of aerosol size distributions (10
68. Weisman M.L., Klemp J.B. The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy. Mon. Weather Rev. 1982, 110(6):504-520.
69. Williams E., Stanfill S. The physical origin of the land-ocean contrast in lightning activity. C. R. Phys. 2002, 3:1277-1292.
70. Williams E., Chan T., Boccipio D. Island as miniature continents: another look at the land-ocean lightning contrast. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D16206. 10.1029/2003JD003833.
71. Xu L., Zhang Y., Wang F., Zheng D. Coupling of electrification and discharge processes with WRF model and its preliminary verification. Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 2012, 36(5):1041-1052. (in Chinese with English abstract).
72. Yin Y., Levin Z., Reisin T., Tzivion S. The effects of giant cloud condensation nuclei on the development of precipitation in convective clouds - a numerical study. Atmos. Res. 2000, 53:91-116.
73. Yuan T., Remer L.A., Pickering K.E., Yu H. Observational evidence of aerosol enhancement of lightning activity and convective invigoration. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L04701. 10.1029/2010GL046052.
74. Ziegler C.L., MacGorman D.R., Dye J.E., Ray P.S. A model evaluation of non-inductive graupel-ice charging in the early electrification of a mountain thunderstorm. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96(D7):12833-12855.