Laboratory studies of the influence of the rime accretion rate on charge transfer during crystal/graupel collisions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 103, Issue D12, 1998, Pages 13949-13956

  Saunders, C P R ^a   Peck, S L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; CLOUD MICROPHSICS; GRAUPEL; ICE CRYSTAL; RIME; THUNDERSTORM;

EID: 0032572287     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97JD02644     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Avila, E. E., and G. M. Caranti, A laboratory study of static charge by fracture in ice growing by riming, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,611-10,620, 1994.
2. Avila, E. E., G. G. Aguirre Varela, and G. M. Caranti, Temperature dependence of static charging in ice growing by riming, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4515-4520, 1995.
3. Baker, M. B., and J. G. Dash, Mechanism of charge transfer between colliding ice particles in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,621-10,626, 1994.
4. Baker, B., M. B. Baker, E. R. Jayaratne, J. Latham, and C. P. R. Saunders, The influence of diffusional growth rates on the charge transfer accompanying rebounding collisions between ice crystals and soft hailstones, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 1193-1215, 1987.
5. Bateman, M. G., W. D. Rust, B. F. Smull, and T. C. Marshall, Precipitation charge and size measurements in the stratiform region of two mesoscaleconvective systems, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,341-16,356, 1995.
6. Brooks, I. M., and C. P. R. Saunders, Thunderstorm charging: laboratory experiments clarified, Atmos. Res., 39, 263-273, 1995.
7. Brooks, I. M., C. P. R. Saunders, R. P. Mitzeva, and S. L. Peck, The effect on thunderstorm charging of the rate of rime accretion by Graupel, J. Atmos. Res., 43, 277-295, 1997.
8. Church, C. R., The electrification of hail, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Durham, UK, 1966.
9. Dye, J. E., W. P. Winn, J. J. Jones, and D. W. Breed, The electrification of New Mexico thunderstorms, 1. Relationship between precipitation development and the onset of electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8643-8656, 1989.
10. French, J. R., J. H. Helsdon, A. G. Detwiler, and P. Smith, Microphysical and electrical evolution of a Florida thunderstorm, 1, Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18,961-18,977, 1996.
11. Hallett, J., Measurement of size, concentration and structure of atmospheric particulates, by the airborne continuous particle replicator, AFGL Tech Rep., AFGL-TR-76-0149, Air Force Geophys. Lab, Bedford Mass., 1976.
12. Willis, P. T., J. Hallett, R. A. Black, and W. Hendricks, An aircraft study of rapid precipitation development and electrification in a growing convective cloud, Atmos. Res., 33, 1-24, 1994.