Nanotherapy for posterior eye diseases

Journal of Controlled Release

Volumn 193, Issue , 2014, Pages 100-112

  Kaur, Indu Pal ^a   Kakkar, Shilpa ^a  

^a PANJAB UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Controlled release; Delivery to the vitreous; Liposomes; Retina; Topical delivery Nanoparticles

Indexed keywords

CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY; DISEASES; EYE PROTECTION; LIPOSOMES; NANOPARTICLES; OPHTHALMOLOGY;

CONTROLLED RELEASE; DELIVERY TO THE VITREOUS; NANOSTRUCTURED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; PERMEATION ENHANCERS; POSTERIOR SEGMENT; RETINA; TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES; TOPICAL DELIVERY;

TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY;

LIPOSOME; NANOCARRIER; NANOPARTICLE; PENETRATION ENHANCING AGENT; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE; DRUG; DRUG CARRIER;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATION; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG SELF ADMINISTRATION; EYE DISEASE; HUMAN; INTRAVITREAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MICELLE; NANOEMULSION; NANOMEDICINE; NANOTHERAPY; NONHUMAN; PERIOCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; POLYMERIZATION; POSTERIOR EYE DISEASE; POSTERIOR EYE SEGMENT; RETINA; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; ANIMAL; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECTS; EYE DISEASES; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; METABOLISM; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; DRUG CARRIERS; EYE DISEASES; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRAVENOUS; INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS; LIPOSOMES; NANOPARTICLES; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; POSTERIOR EYE SEGMENT;

EID: 84908269334     PISSN: 01683659     EISSN: 18734995     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.031     Document Type: Article

References (151)

1. K.G. Janoria, S. Gunda, S.H. Boddu, and A.K. Mitra Novel approaches to retinal drug delivery Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 4 2007 371 388
2. H.F. Edelhauser, C.L. Rowe-Rendleman, M.R. Robinson, D.G. Dawson, G.J. Chader, H.E. Grossniklaus, K.D. Rittenhouse, C.G. Wilson, D.A. Weber, B.D. Kuppermann, K.G. Csaky, T.W. Olsen, U.B. Kompella, M.V. Holers, G.S. Hageman, B.C. Gilger, P.A. Campochiaro, S.M. Whitcup, and W.T. Wong Ophthalmic drug delivery systems for the treatment of retinal diseases: basic research to clinical applications Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51 2010 5403 5420
3. U.B. Kompella, and V.H.L. Lee Barriers to drug transport in ocular epithelia G.L. Amidon, P.I. Lee, E.M. Topp, Transport Processes in Pharmaceutical Systems 1999 Marcel Dekker New York 317 376
4. H.H. Sigurdsson, F. Konrásdóttir, T. Loftsson, and E. Stefánsson Topical and systemic absorption in delivery of dexamethasone to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 85 2007 598 602
5. D.H. Geroski, and H.F. Edelhauser Drug delivery for posterior segment eye disease Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 2000 961 964
6. I. Ahmed, and T.F. Patton Importance of the noncorneal absorption route in topical ophthalmic drug delivery Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26 1985 584 587
7. P.M. Hughes, O. Olejnik, J.E. Chang-Lin, and C.G. Wilson Topical and systemic drug delivery to the posterior segments Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 57 2005 2010 2032
8. A. Kato, H. Kimura, K. Okabe, J. Okabe, N. Kunou, and Y. Ogura Feasibility of drug delivery to the posterior pole of the rabbit eye with an episcleral implant Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 2004 238 244
9. D. Maurice Review: practical issues in intravitreal drug delivery J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 17 2001 393 401
10. V. Sarao, D. Veritti, F. Boscia, and P. Lanzetta Intravitreal steroids for the treatment of retinal diseases Sci. World J. 14 2014 1 14
11. M. Inoue, K. Takeda, K. Morita, M. Yamada, Y. Tanigawara, and Y. Oguchi Vitreous concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide in human eyes after intravitreal or subtenon injection Am J. Ophthalmol. 138 2004 1046 1048
12. P.J. Rosenfeld, D.M. Brown, J.S. Heier, D.S. Boyer, P.K. Kaiser, C.Y. Chung, and R.Y. Kim Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration N. Engl. J. Med. 355 2006 1419 1431
13. T. Kitagawa, and M. Yuzawa Intravitreal pegaptanib sodium for myopic choroidal neovascularization: 1 year results of a prospective pilot study Nihon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 117 2013 344 350
14. N.P. Cheruvu, A.C. Amrite, and U.B. Kompella Effect of eye pigmentation on transscleral drug delivery Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49 2008 333 341
15. T.W. Lee, and J.R. Robinson Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye: some insights on the penetration pathways after subconjunctival injection J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 17 2001 565 572
16. V.-P. Ranta, E. Mannermaa, K. Lummepuro, A. Subrizi, A. Laukkanen, M. Antopolsky, L. Murtomäki, M. Hornof, and A. Urtti Barrier analysis of periocular drug delivery to the posterior segment J. Control. Release 148 2010 42 48
17. A. Urtti, J.D. Pipkin, G. Rork, and A.J. Repta Controlled drug delivery devices for experimental ocular studies with timolol. 1. In vitro release studies Int. J. Pharm. 61 1990 235 240
18. H. Kim, M.R. Robinson, M. Lizak, G. Tansey, R.J. Lutz, P. Yuan, N.S. Wang, and K.G. Csaky Controlled drug release from an ocular implant: an evaluation using dynamic three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 2004 2722 2731
19. C.P.S. Cheruvu, S.P. Ayalasomayajula, and U.B. Kompella Retinal delivery of sodium fluorescein, budesonide, and celecoxib following subconjunctival injection Drug Del. Technol. 3 2003 62 67
20. G.S. Kalsi, H.K. Silver, and J. Rootman Ocular pharmacokinetics of dacarbazine following subconjunctival versus intravenous administration in the rabbit Can. J. Ophthalmol. 26 1991 247 251
21. S.H.S. Boddu, and J. Nesamony Utility of transporter/receptor(s) in drug delivery to the eye World J. Pharmacol. 2 2013 1 17
22. L. Pitkanen, M. Ruponen, J. Nieminen, and A. Urtti Vitreous is a barrier in nonviral gene transfer by cationic lipids and polymers Pharm. Res. 20 2003 576 583
23. A.S.L. Kwan, S. Vijayasekaran, I.L. McAllister, P.K. Yu, and D.-Y. Yu A Study of Retinal Penetration of Intravitreal Tenecteplase in Pigs Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47 2006 2662 2667
24. M. Kamei, K. Misono, and A.H. Lewis A study of the ability of tissue plasminogen activator to diffuse into the subretinal space after intravitreal injection in rabbits Am J. Ophthalmol. 128 1999 739 746
25. M.M. Le Goff, and P.N. Bishop Adult vitreous structure and postnatal changes Eye 2008 1214 1219
26. J. Mains, and C.G. Wilson The vitreous humor as a barrier to nanoparticle distribution J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 29 2013 143 150
27. D.E. Berezovsky, S.R. Patel, B.E. McCarey, and H.F. Edelhauser In vivo ocular fluorophotometry: delivery of fluoresceinated dextrans via transscleral diffusion in rabbits Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52 2011 7038 7045
28. D.F. Kiernan, and J.I. Lim Topical Drug Delivery for Posterior Segment Disease Novel formulations offer possibilities for efficacious therapies through topical routes Retina Today 48 2010 48 54
29. C.B. Toris, and J.E. Pederson Experimental retinal detachment. VII. Intravenous horseradish peroxidase diffusion across the blood-retinal barrier Arch. Ophthalmol. 102 1984 752 756
30. B.G. Kennedy, and N.J. Mangini P-glycoprotein expression in human retinal pigment epithelium Mol. Vis. 8 2002 422 430
31. J.G. Cunha-Vaz The blood-retinal barrier system. Basic concepts and clinical evaluation Exp. Eye Res. 78 2004 715 721
32. L. Pitkanen, V.-P. Ranta, H. Moilanen, and A. Urtti Permeability of retinal pigment epithelium: effects of permeant molecular weight and lipophilicity Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 2005 641 646
33. V.P. Ranta, and A. Urtti Transscleral drug delivery to the posterior eye: prospects of pharmacokinetic modeling Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 58 2006 1164 1181
34. N. Kuno, and S. Fujii Recent advances in ocular drug delivery systems Polymer 3 2011 193 221
35. E.M. Del Amo, and A. Urtti Current and future ophthalmic drug delivery systems. A shift to the posterior segment Drug Discov. Today 13 2008 135 143
36. J. Ambati, and A.P. Adamis Transscleral drug delivery to the retina and choroid Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 21 2002 145 151
37. J. Ambati, C.S. Canakis, J.W. Miller, E.S. Gragoudas, A. Edwards, D.J. Weissgold, I. Kim, F.C. Delori, and A.P. Adamis Diffusion of high molecular weight compounds through sclera Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 2000 1181 1185
38. M.R. Prausnitz, and J.S. Noonan Permeability of cornea, sclera, and conjunctiva: a literature analysis for drug delivery to the eye J. Pharm. Sci. 87 1998 1479 1488
39. A. Thakur, R.S. Kadam, and U.B. Kompella Influence of Drug Solubility and Lipophilicity on Transscleral Retinal Delivery of Six Corticosteroids Drug Metab. Dispos. 39 2011 771 781
40. D.J. Moore, and G.M. Clover The effect of age on the macromolecular permeability of human Bruch's membrane Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42 2001 2970 2975
41. D. Ghate, W. Brooks, B.E. McCarey, and H.F. Edelhauser Pharmacokinetics of intraocular drug delivery by periocular injections using ocular fluorophotometry Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48 2007 2230 2237
42. J.E. Chan, T.A. Pridgen, and K.G. Csaky Episcleral clearance of sodium fluorescein from a bioerodible sub-Tenon's implant in the rat Exp. Eye Res. 90 2010 501 506
43. X. Liu, K.S. Li, and E.K. Jeong Ocular pharmacokinetics study of a corticosteroid by 19F MR Exp. Eye Res. 91 2010 347 352
44. S.H. Kim, K.G. Csaky, N.S. Wang, and R. Lutz Drug elimination kinetics following subconjunctival injection using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging J. Pharm. Res. 25 2008 512 520
45. R.K. Vadlapatla, A.D. Vadlapudi, V.K.C. Ponnaluri, D. Pal, M. Mukherji, and A.K. Mitra Molecular expression and functional activity of efflux and influx transporters in hypoxia induced retinal pigment epithelial cells Int. J. Pharma. 454 2013 444 452
46. I. Pepiæ, J. Lovriæ, and J. Filipoviæ-Grèiæ Polymeric micelles in ocular drug delivery: rationale, strategies and challenges Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 26 2012 365 377
47. S. Kakkar, and I.P. Kaur Spanlastics-a novel nanovesicular carrier system for ocular delivery Int. J. Pharm. 413 2011 202 210
48. R.C. Nagarwal, S. Kant, P.N. Singh, P. Maiti, and J.K. Pandit Polymeric nanoparticulate system: a potential approach for ocular drug delivery J. Control. Release 136 2009 2 13
49. G. Hecht Ophthalmic preparations A.R. Gennaro, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 2001 Lipincott Williams and Wilkins USA 821 833
50. M. Abrishami, S. Zarei-Ghanavati, D. Soroush, M. Rouhbakhsh, M.R. Jaafari, and B. Malaekeh-Nikouei Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of nanoliposomes-encapsulated bevacizumab (avastin) for intravitreal administration Retina 29 2009 699 703
51. E. Eljarrat-Binstock, J. Pe'er, and A.J. Domb New techniques for drug delivery to the posterior eye segment Pharm. Res. 27 2010 530 543
52. U.B. Kompella, N. Bandi, and S.P. Ayalasomayajula Subconjunctival nano- and microparticles sustain retinal delivery of budesonide, a corticosteroid capable of inhibiting VEGF expression Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 2003 1192 1201
53. F. Laffleur, and A. Bernkop-Schnürch Strategies for Improving Mucosal Drug Delivery Nanomedicine 8 2013 2061 2075
54. A.C. Amrite, H.F. Edelhauser, S.R. Singh, and U.B. Kompella Effect of circulation on the disposition and ocular tissue distribution of 20 nm nanoparticles after periocular administration Mol. Vis. 14 2008 150 160
55. L. Peeters, N.N. Sanders, K. Braeckmans, K. Boussery, J. Van de Voorde, S.C. De Smedt, and J. Demeester Vitreous: a barrier to nonviral ocular gene therapy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 2005 3553 3561
56. H. Kim, S.B. Robinson, and K.G. Csaky Investigating the movement of intravitreal human serum albumin nanoparticles in the vitreous and retina Pharm. Res. 26 2009 329 337
57. H. Koo, H. Moon, H. Han, J.H. Na, M.S. Huh, J.H. Park, S.J. Woo, K.H. Park, I.C. Kwon, K. Kim, and H. Kim The movement of self-assembled amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles in the vitreous and retina after intravitreal injection Biomaterials 33 2012 3485 3493
58. S.M. Conley, and M.I. Naash Nanoparticles for retinal gene therapy Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 29 2010 376 397
59. G. Liu, D. Li, M.K. Pasumarthy, T.H. Kowalczyk, C.R. Gedeon, S.L. Hyatt, J.M. ayne, T.J. Miller, P. Brunovskis, T.L. Fink, O. Muhammad, R.C. Moen, R.W. Hanson, and M.J. Cooper Nanoparticles of compacted DNA transfect postmitotic cells J. Biol. Chem. 278 2003 32578 32586
60. C. Tremblay, M. Barza, F. Szoka, M. Lahav, and J. Baum Reduced toxicity of liposome-associated amphotericin B injected intravitreally in rabbits Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26 1985 712 718
61. P.H. Fishman, G.A. Peyman, and T. Lesar Intravitreal liposome-encapsulated gentamicin in a rabbit model: prolonged therapeutic levels Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 27 1986 1103 1106
62. A. Bochot, E. Fattal, V. Boutet, J.R. Deverre, J.C. Jeanny, H. Chacun, and P. Couvreur Intravitreal delivery of oligonucleotides by sterically stabilized liposomes Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43 2002 253 259
63. B.D. Kuppermann, K.K. Assil, C. Vuong, G. Besen, C.A. Wiley, E. De Clercq, G. Bergeron- Lynn, J.D. Connor, M. Pursley, D. Munguia, and W.R. Freeman Liposome-encapsulated (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine for long-acting therapy of viral retinitis J. Infect. Dis. 173 1996 18 23
64. K. Hironaka, Y. Inokuchi, Y. Tozuka, M. Shimazawa, H. Hara, and H. Takeuchi Design and evaluation of a liposomal delivery system targeting the posterior segment of the eye J. Control. Release 136 2009 247 253
65. K. Hironaka, T. Fujisawa, H. Sasaki, Y. Tozuka, K. Tsuruma, M. Shimazawa, H. Hara, and H. Takeuchi Fluorescence investigation of the retinal delivery of hydrophilic compounds via liposomal eyedrops Biol. Pharm. Bull. 34 2011 894 897
66. B.M. Davis, E.M. Normando, L. Guo, L.A. Turner, S. Nizari, P. O'Shea, S.E. Moss, S. Somavarapu, and M.F. Cordeiro Topical delivery of avastin to the posterior segment of the eye in vivo using annexin A5-associated liposomes Small 10 2014 1575 1584
67. Y. Takashima, T. Tsuchiya, Y. Igarashi, T. Kanazawa, H. Okada, and A. Urtti Non-invasive ophthalmic liposomes for nucleic acid delivery to posterior segment of eye Yakugaku Zasshi 132 2012 1365 1370
68. C. Claro, R. Ruiz, E. Cordero, M.T. Pastor, L.F. Lopez-Cortes, M.R. Jimenez-Castellanos, and M.J. Lucero Determination and pharmacokinetic profile of liposomal foscarnet in rabbit ocular tissues after intravitreal administration Exp. Eye Res. 88 2009 528 534
69. M. Diaz-Llopis, M.J. Martos, E. Espana, M. Cervera, A.O. Vila, A. Navea, F.J. Molina, and F.J. Romero Liposomally-entrapped ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients. Experimental toxicity and pharmacokinetics, and clinical trial Doc. Ophthalmol. 82 1992 297 305
70. S.K. Sahoo, F. Dilnawaz, and S. Krishnakumar Nanotechnology in ocular drug delivery Drug Discov. Today 13 2008 144 151
71. J.M. Ruiz-Moreno, J.A. Montero, L. Arias, M.R. Sanabria, R. Coco, R. Silva, J. Araiz, F. Gomez-Ulla, and A. Garcia-Layana Photodynamic therapy in subfoveal and juxtafoveal idiopathic and postinflammatory choroidal neovascularization Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 84 2006 743 748
72. D.M. Moshfeghi, and G.A. Peyman Photodynamic therapy G.A. Peyman, S.A. Meffert, F. Chou, M.D. Conway, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques 2001 Martin Dunitz Ltd London, UK 565 571
73. G.P. Mishra, M. Bagui, V. Tamboli, and A.K. Mitra Recent applications of liposomes in ophthalmic drug delivery J. Drug Del. 2011 1 14
74. H.M. Rivers, and P. Hughes Protein drug delivery to retina and choroid D. Thassu, G.J. Chader, Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Barriers and Application of Nanoparticulate 2013 CRC Press Florida, USA 191 215
75. S. Zeng, C. Hu, H. Wei, Y. Lu, Y. Zhang, J. Yang, G. Yun, W. Zou, and B. Song Intravitreal pharmacokinetics of liposome-encapsulated amikacin in a rabbit model Ophthalmology 100 1993 1640 1644
76. J.P. Cannon, R. Fiscella, S. Pattharachayakul, K.W. Garey, F. De Alba, S. Piscitelli, D.P. Edward, and L.H. Danziger Comparative toxicity and concentrations of intravitreal amphotericin B formulations in a rabbit model Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 2003 2112 2117
77. K.R. Liu, G.A. Peyman, and B. Khoobehi Efficacy of liposome-bound amphotericin B for the treatment of experimental fungal endophthalmitis in rabbits Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 30 1989 1527 1534
78. M. Abrishami, S.Z. Ganavati, D. Soroush, M. Rouhbakhsh, M.R. Jaafari, and B. Malaekeh-Nikouei Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of nanoliposomesencapsulated bevacizumab (avastin) for intravitreal administration Retina 29 2009 699 703
79. G. Besen, M. Flores-Aguilar, K.K. Assil, B.D. Kupperman, P. Gangan, M. Pursley, D. Munguia, C. Vuong, E. De Clercq, G. Bergeron-Lynn, S.P. Azen, and W.R. Freeman Longterm therapy for herpes retinitis in an animal model with high-concentrated liposome-encapsulated HPMPC Arch. Ophthalmol. 113 1995 661 668
80. B. Wiechens, J.B. Grammer, U. Johannsen, U. Pleyer, J. Hedderich, and G.I. Duncker Experimental intravitreal application of ciprofloxacin in rabbits Ophthalmologica 213 1999 120 128
81. H. Sasaki, K. Karasawa, K. Hironaka, K. Tahara, Y. Tozuka, and H. Takeuchi Retinal drug delivery using eyedrop preparations of poly-l-lysine-modified liposomes Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 83 2013 364 369
82. Y. Inokuchi, K. Hironaka, T. Fujisawa, Y. Tozuka, K. Tsuruma, M. Shimazawa, H. Takeuchi, and H. Hara Physicochemical properties affecting retinal drug/coumarin-6 delivery from nanocarrier systems via eyedrop administration Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51 2010 3162 3170
83. A.A. Alghadyan, G.A. Peyman, B. Khoobehi, and K.R. Liu Liposome-bound cyclosporine: retinal toxicity after intravitreal injection Int. Ophthalmol. 12 1988 105 107
84. S. Nikoofal-Sahlabadi, S.A. Mohajeri, T. Banaee, E. Abedini, and B. Malaekeh-Nikouei Evaluation of cyclosporine A eye absorption after administration of liposomal or conventional forms in animal model Nanomedicine J. 1 2013 48 54
85. T. Fujisawa, H. Miyai, K. Hironaka, T. Tsukamoto, K. Tahara, Y. Tozuka, M. Ito, and H. Takeuchi Liposomal diclofenac eye drop formulations targeting the retina: formulation stability improvement using surface modification of liposomes Int. J. Pharm. 436 2012 564 567
86. H. Shimazaki, K. Hironaka, T. Fujisawa, K. Tsuruma, Y. Tozuka, M. Shimazawa, H. Takeuchi, and H. Hara Edaravone-loaded liposome eyedrops protect against light-induced retinal damage in mice Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52 2011 7289 7297
87. U. Pleyer, S. Lutz, W.J. Jusko, K. Nguyen, M. Narawane, D. Ruckert, B.J. Mondino, and V.H.L. Lee Ocular absorption of topically applied FK506 from liposomal and oil formulations in the rabbit eye Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 1993 2737 2742
88. T. Velpandian, K. Narayanan, T.C. Nag, A.K. Ravi, and S.K. Gupta Retinal toxicity of intravitreally injected plain and liposome formulation of fluconazole in rabbit eye Indian J. Ophthalmol. 54 2006 237 240
89. J. Garcia-Arumi, R. Pascual, M.J. Fonseca, F.R. Isart, R. Casaroli, C. Mateo, and B. Corcostegui Pharmacokinetics and retinal toxicity of intravitreal liposome-encapsulated 5-fluorouridine Ophthalmologica 211 1997 344 350
90. K.K. Assil, M. Hartzer, R.N. Weinreb, M. Nehorayan, T. Ward, and M. Blumenkranz Liposome suppression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy - rabbit model using antimetabolite encapsulated liposomes Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32 1991 2891 2897
91. R.F. Gariano, K.K. Assil, C.A. Wiley, D. Munguia, R.N. Weinreb, and W.R. Freeman Retinal toxicity of the antimetabolite 5-fluorouridine 5′-monophosphate administered intravitreally using multivesicular liposomes Retina 14 1994 75 80
92. Y. Shen, and J. Tu Preparation and ocular pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir liposomes AAPS J. 9 2007 E371 E377
93. S.K. Akula, P.E. Ma, G.A. Peyman, M.H. Rahimy, N.E. Hyslop Jr., A. Janney, and P. Ashton Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with intravitreal injection of liposome encapsulated ganciclovir in a patient with AIDS Br. J. Ophthalmol. 78 1994 677 680
94. G.A. Peyman, B. Khoobehi, M. Tawakol, J.A. Schulman, H.A. Mortada, H. Alkan, and R. Fiscella Intravitreal injection of liposome encapsulated ganciclovir in a rabbit model Retina 7 1987 227 229
95. B. Wiechens, D. Neumann, J.B. Grammer, U. Pleyer, J. Hedderich, and G.I. Duncker Retinal toxicity of liposome-incorporated and free ofloxacin after intravitreal injection in rabbit eyes Int. Ophthalmol. 22 1998 133 143
96. T. Li, M. Zhang, Y. Han, H. Zhang, L. Xu, and Y. Xiang Targeting therapy of choroidal neovascularization by use of polypeptide- and PEDF-loaded immunoliposomes under ultrasound exposure J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci. 30 2010 798 803
97. I. Masuda, T. Matsuo, T. Yasuda, and N. Matsuo Gene transfer with liposomes to the intraocular tissues by different routes of administration Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37 1996 1914 1920
98. R. Zhang, R. He, J. Qian, J. Guo, K. Xue, and Y.F. Yuan Treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis with intravitreal injection of tacrolimus (FK506) encapsulated in liposomes Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51 2010 3575 3582
99. K.R. Liu, G.A. Peyman, B. Khoobehi, H. Alkan, and R. Fiscella Intravitreal liposomeencapsulated trifluorothymidine in a rabbit model Ophthalmology 94 1987 1155 1159
100. D.G. Birch, and F.Q. Liang Age-related macular degeneration: a target for nanotechnology derived medicines Int. J. Nanomedicine 2 2007 65 77
101. I. Grizzi, H. Garreau, S. Li, and M. Vert Hydrolytic degradation of devices based on poly(DL-lactic acid) size-dependence Biomaterials 16 1995 305 311
102. P. Mainil-Varlet, R. Curtis, and S. Gogolewski Effect of in vivo and in vitro degradation on molecular and mechanical properties of various low-molecular-weight polylactides J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 36 1997 360 380
103. H. Kranz, N. Ubrich, P. Maincent, and R. Bodmeier Physicomechanical properties of biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) films in the dry and wet states J. Pharm. Sci. 89 2000 1558 1566
104. J.L. Bourges, S.E. Gautier, F. Delie, R.A. Bejjani, J.C. Jeanny, R. Gurny, D. BenEzra, and F.F. Behar-Cohen Ocular drug delivery targeting the retina and retinal pigment epithelium using polylactide nanoparticles Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 2003 3562 3569
105. E. Sakurai, H. Ozeki, N. Kunou, and Y. Ogura Effect of particle size of polymeric nanospheres on intravitreal kinetics Ophthalmic Res. 33 2001 31 36
106. Y. de Kozak, K. Andrieux, H. Villarroya, C. Klein, B. Thillaye-Goldenberg, M.-C. Naud, E. Garcia, and P. Couvreur Intraocular injection of tamoxifen-loaded nanoparticles: a new treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis Eur. J. Immunol. 34 2004 3702 3712
107. L. Zhang, Y. Li, C. Zhang, Y. Wang, and C. Song Pharmacokinetics and tolerance study of intravitreal injection of dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles in rabbits Int. J. Nanomedicine 4 2009 175 183
108. J. Vandervoort, and A. Ludwig Ocular drug delivery: nanomedicine applications Nanomedicine 2 2007 11 21
109. F. Danhier, E. Ansorena, J.M. Silva, R. Coco, A. Le Breton, and V. Préat PLGA-based nanoparticles: an overview of biomedical applications J. Control. Release 161 2012 505 522
110. A. Koirala, R.S. Makkia, M.J. Cooper, and M.I. Naash Nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer specific to retinal pigment epithelial cells Biomaterials 32 2011 9483 9493
111. J. Panyam, W.Z. Zhou, S. Prabha, S.K. Sahoo, and V. Labhasetwar Rapid endo-lysosomal escape of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: implications for drug and gene delivery FASEB J. 16 2002 1217 1226
112. R. Bejjani, D. Benezra, H. Cohen, J. Rieger, C. Andrieu, and J.C. Jeanny Nanoparticles for gene delivery to retinal pigment epithelial cells Mol. Vis. 11 2005 124 132
113. H. Li, V.V. Tran, Y. Hu, W.M. Saltzman, C. Barnstable, and J. Tombran-Tink A PEDF N-terminal peptide protects the retina from ischemic injury when delivered in PLGA nanospheres Exp. Eye Res. 83 2006 824 833
114. E. Eljarrat-Binstock, F. Orucov, Y. Aldouby, J. Frucht-Pery, and A.J. Domb Charged nanoparticles delivery to the eye using hydrogel iontophoresis J. Control. Release 126 2008 156 161
115. A.L. Gomes dos Santos, A. Bochot, A. Doyle, N. Tsapis, J. Siepmann, F. Siepmann, J. Schmaler, M. Besnard, F. Behar-Cohen, and E. Fattal Sustained release of nanosized complexes of polyethylenimine and anti-TGF-beta 2 oligonucleotide improves the outcome of glaucoma surgery J. Control. Release 112 2006 369 381
116. T. Sakai, N. Kuno, F. Takamatsu, E. Kimura, H. Kohno, K. Okano, and K. Kitahara Prolonged protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor-impregnated nanoparticles in royal college of surgeons rats Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48 2007 3381 3387
117. T. Sakai, H. Kohno, T. Ishihara, M. Higaki, S. Saito, M. Matsushima, Y. Mizushima, and K. Kitahara Treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis with poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles encapsulating betamethasone phosphate Exp. Eye Res. 82 2006 657 663
118. T. Sakai, T. Ishihara, M. Higaki, G. Akiyama, and H. Tsuneoka Therapeutic effect of stealth-type polymeric nanoparticles with encapsulated betamethasone phosphate on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52 2011 1516 1521
119. M.A. Shafie, and H.H.M. Fayek Formulation and evaluation of betamethasone sodium phosphate loaded nanoparticles for ophthalmic delivery J. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 4 2013 273
120. H. Kim, and K.G. Csaky Nanoparticle-integrin antagonist C16Y peptide treatment of choroidal neovascularization in rats J. Control. Release 142 2010 286 293
121. N. Hashida, N. Ohguro, N. Yamazaki, Y. Arakawa, E. Oiki, H. Mashimo, N. Kurokawa, and Y. Tano High-efficacy site-directed drug delivery system using sialyl-Lewis X conjugated liposome Exp. Eye Res. 86 2008 138 149
122. Z. Han, A. Koirala, R. Makkia, M.J. Cooper, and M.I. Naash Direct gene transfer with compacted DNA nanoparticles in retinal pigment epithelial cells: expression, repeat delivery and lack of toxicity Nanomedicine 7 2012 521 539
123. X.Q. Ding, A.B. Quiambao, J.B. Fitzgerald, M.J. Cooper, S.M. Conley, and M.I. Naash Ocular delivery of compacted DNA-nanoparticles does not elicit toxicity in the mouse retina Retina 29 2009 699 703
124. S.R. Singh, H.E. Grossniklaus, S.J. Kang, H.F. Edelhauser, B.K. Ambati, and U.B. Kompella Intravenous transferrin, RGD peptide and dual-targeted nanoparticles enhance anti-VEGF intraceptor gene delivery to laser-induced CNV Gene Ther. 16 2009 645 659
125. K. Park, Y. Chen, Y. Hu, A.S. Mayo, U.B. Kompella, R. Longeras, and J.X. Ma Nanoparticle-mediated expression of an angiogenic inhibitor ameliorates ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization and diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage Diabetes 58 2009 1902 1913
126. L. Feng, S.K. Li, H. Liu, C.-Y. Liu, K. LaSance, F. Haque, D. Shu, and P. Guo Ocular delivery of pRNA nanoparticles: distribution and clearance after subconjunctival injection Pharm. Res. 31 2014 1046 1058
127. H.-A. Liu, Y.-l. Liu, Z.-Z. Ma, J.-C. Wang, and Q. Zhang A lipid nanoparticle system improves siRNA efficacy in RPE cells and a laser-induced murine CNV model Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52 2011 4789 4794
128. A. Seyfoddin, J. Shaw, and R. Al-Kassas Solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery Drug Deliv. 17 2010 1 23
129. B. Tian, Q. Luo, S. Song, D. Liu, H. Pan, W. Zhang, L. He, S. Ma, X. Yang, and W. Pan Novel surface-modified nanostructured lipid carriers with partially deacetylated water-soluble chitosan for efficient ocular delivery J. Pharm. Sci. 101 2012 1040 1049
130. J. Araújo, S. Nikolic, M.A. Egea, E.B. Souto, and M.L. Garcia Nanostructured lipid carriers for triamcinolone acetonide delivery to the posterior segment of the eye Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 88 2011 150 157
131. A. del Pozo-RodrÍguez, D. Delgado, M.A. SolinÍs, A.R. Gascó n, and J.L. Pedraz Solid lipid nanoparticles for retinal gene therapy: transfection and intracellular trafficking in RPE cells Int. J. Pharm. 360 2008 177 183
132. A. del Pozo-Rodríguez, S. Pujals, D. Delgado, M.A. Solinís, A.R. Gascón, E. Giralt, and J.L. Pedraz A proline-rich peptide improves cell transfection of solid lipid nanoparticle-based non-viral vectors J. Control. Release 133 2009 52 59
133. M. Duvashani-Eshet, H. Keren, S. Oz, I.S. Radzishevsky, A. Mor, and M. Machluf Effect of peptides bearing nuclear localization signals on therapeutic ultrasound mediated gene delivery J. Gene Med. 10 2008 1150 1159
134. D. Delgado, A. del Pozo-Rodríguez, M.A. Solinís, and A. Rodríguez-Gascón Understanding the mechanism of protamine in solid lipid nanoparticle-based lipofection: The importance of the entry pathway Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 79 2011 495 502
135. A.R. Gascó n, M.A. SolinÍs, A. del Pozo-RodrÍguez, D. Delgado, and J.L. Pedraz Lipid nanoparticles for gene therapy 2012 (EP 2 460 516 A2)
136. D. Delgado, A. del Pozo-RodrÍguez, M.A. SolinÍs, M. Avilés-Triqueros, B.H. Weber, E. Fernández, and A.R. Gascón Dextran and protamine-based solid lipid nanoparticles as potential vectors for the treatment of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis Hum. Gene Ther. 23 2012 345 355
137. N. Nishiyama, and K. Kataoka Current state, achievements, and future prospects of polymeric micelles as nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery Pharmacol. Therapeut. 112 2006 630 648
138. K. Cholkar, A. Patel, A.D. Vadlapudi, and A.K. Mitra Novel nanomicellar formulation approaches for anterior and posterior segment ocular drug delivery Recent Patents Nanomedicine 2 2012 82 95
139. M.L. Adams, A. Lavasanifar, and G.S. Kwon Amphiphilic block copolymers for drug delivery J. Pharm. Sci. 92 2003 1343 1355
140. A.K. Mitra, P.R. Velagaletl, and U.M. Gran Topical Drug Delivery Systems For Ophthalmic Use, US 2010/0310642 A1 2010
141. J. Liaw, S.-F. Chang, and F.-C. Hsiao In vivo gene delivery into ocular tissues by eye drops of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) polymeric micelles Gene Ther. 8 2001 999 1004
142. L. Xu, X. Xu, H. Chen, and X. Li Ocular biocompatibility and tolerance study of biodegradable polymeric micelles in the rabbit eye Colloids Surf. B 112 2013 30 34
143. Y. Yamamoto, K. Yasugi, A. Harada, Y. Nagasaki, and K. Kataoka Temperature-related change in the properties relevant to drug delivery of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) block copolymer micelles in aqueous milieu J. Control. Release 82 2002 359 371
144. R. Idetaa, Y. Yanagia, Y. Tamakia, F. Tasakaa, A. Haradac, and K. Kataokad Effective accumulation of polyion complex micelle to experimental choroidal neovascularization in rats FEBS Lett. 557 2004 21 25
145. R. Ideta, F. Tasaka, W.-D. Jang, N. Nishiyama, G.-D. Zhang, A. Harada, Y. Yanagi, Y. Tamaki, T. Aida, and K. Kataoka Nanotechnology-based photodynamic therapy for neovascular disease using a supramolecular nanocarrier loaded with a dendritic photosensitizer Nano Lett. 5 2005 2426 2431
146. N. Sadurni, C. Solans, N. Azemar, and M.J. Garcia-Celma Studies on the formation of O/W nano-emulsions, by low-energy emulsification methods, suitable for pharmaceutical applications Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 26 2005 438 445
147. F. Shakeel, and W. Ramadan Transdermal delivery of anticancer drug caffeine from water-in-oil nanoemulsions Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 75 2010 356 362
148. A. Azeem, M. Rizwan, F.J. Ahmad, Z. Iqbal, R.K. Khar, M. Aqil, and S. Talegaonkar Nanoemulsion Components screening and selection: a technical note AAPS PharmSciTech 10 2009 69 76
149. H.O. Ammar, H.A. Salama, M. Ghorab, and A.A. Mahmoud Nanoemulsion as a potential ophthalmic delivery system for dorzolamide hydrochloride AAPS PharmSciTech 10 2009 808 819
150. T.F. Vandamme Microemulsions as ocular drug delivery systems: recent developments and future challenges Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 21 2002 15 34
151. T. Hagigit, M. Abdulrazik, F. Orucov, F. Valamanesh, M. Lambert, G. Lambert, F. Behar-Cohen, and S. Benita Topical and intravitreous administration of cationic nanoemulsions to deliver antisense oligonucleotides directed towards VEGF KDR receptors to the eye J. Control. Release 145 2010 297 305