Molecular pharmacology of environmental neurotoxins

Kainic Acid: Neurotoxic Properties, Biological Sources and Clinical Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 47-93

  Sharma, Sushil ^a  

^a SAINT JAMES SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Anguilla)

Author keywords

Acromelic acid; Alzheimer's disease; Brevetoxin 3; Charnoly body; Domoic acid; Glutamate; Ibogaine; Kainic acid; Okadiac acid; Parkinson's disease; RhOmgko< in> Cells; Saxitoxin; Yessotoxin; Synucleinopathies

Indexed keywords

EID: 84908227819     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (144)

1. Ananth, C; Thameem Dheen, S; Gopalakrishnakone, P; Kaur, C. (2001) DA-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus: changes in apoptosis related genes (bcl-2, bax, caspase-3) and microglial response. J. Neurosci. Res., 66, 177-190.
2. Antequera, D; Bolo, M; Spuch, C; Pascual, C; Ferrer, I; Fernandez-Bachiller, M.I; Rodriguez-Franco, M.I; Carro, E. (2012) Effects of a tacrine-8-hydroxyquinoline hybrid (IQM-622) on Aß accumulation and cell death: involvement in hippocampal neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis, 46, 682-691.
3. Arias, B; Arufe, M.C;, Arias, B., Alfonso, M., and Duran, R. (1995). Effect of DA on metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain. Neurochem. Res. 20, 401-404.
4. Azcoitia, I; Sierra, A; Veiga, S; Honda, S; Harada, N; Garcia-Segura, L.M. (2001) Brain aromatase is neuroprotective. J. Neurobiol., 47, 318-329.
5. Barbaro, E; Zangrando, R; Rossi, S, Cairns, W.R; Piazza, R, Corami, F; Barbante, C; Gambaro, A. (2013). DA at trace levels in lagoon waters: assessment of a method using internal standard quantification. Anal. Bioanal. Chem,.405, 9113-9123.
6. Baron, A.W; Rushton, S.P; Rens; N; Morris, C.M: Blain, PG: Judge, SJ. Sex differences in effects of low level DA exposure. Neurotoxicology. 2013 Jan; 34:1-8.
7. Barra L, Ruggiero M.V, Sarno D, Montresor M, Kooistra W.H. (2013)Strengths and weaknesses of microarray approaches to detect Pseudo-nitzschia species in the field. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int, 20, 6705-6718.
8. Ben-Ari, Y. (1985) Limbic seizures and brain damage produced by KA: Mechanisms and relevance to human temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience, 14, 375-403.
9. Berger, M.L; Tremblay, E; Nitecka, L; and Ben-Ari, Y. (1984) Maturation of the KA seizure damage syndrome in the rat. III Postnatal development of KA binding sites in the limbic system. Neuroscience, 13, 1095-1104.
10. Berman, F.W; LePage, K.T; Murray, T.F. (2002)DA neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is controlled preferentially by the NMDA receptor Ca(2+) influx pathway. Brain Res., 924, 20-29.
11. Berman, F.W; Murray, T.F. (1997). DA neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors that are activated as a consequence of excitatory amino acid release. J. Neurochem., 1997, 69, 693-703.
12. Bollimuntha, S; Singh, B; Shavali, S;Sharma, S; Ebadi, M. (2005) TRPC-1-Mediated Inhibition of MPP+ Toxicity in Human SH-S-Y5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 2132-2140.
13. Boscolo, S; Pelin, M; De Bortoli, M; Fontanive, G; Barreras, A; Berti, F; Sosa, S; Chaloin, O; Bianco, A; Yasumoto, T; Prato, M; Poli, M; Tubaro, A. (2013) Sandwich ELISA assay for the quantitation of palytoxin and its analogs in natural samples. Environ. Sci. Technol, 47, 2034-2042.
14. Carro, E; Trejo, J.L; Busiguina, S; Torres-Aleman, I. (2001) Circulating insulin-like growth factor I mediates the protective effects of physical exercise against brain insults of different etiology and anatomy. J. Neurosci., 21, 5678-5684.
15. Cendes, F; Andermann, F; Carpenter, S; Zatorre, R.J; Cashman, N.R. (1995) Tempral lobe epilepsy caused by DA intoxication: Evidence for glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in humans. Ann. Neurol., 37, 123-126.
16. Chandrasekaran, A; Ponnambalam, G; Kaur, C. (2004) DA-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of adult rats. Neurotox. Res., 6, 105-117.
17. Chang, I.Y; Kim, J.H; Cho, K.W; Yoon, S.P. (2013). Acute responses of DNA repair proteins and StarD6 in rat hippocampus after DA-induced excitotoxicity. Acta. Histochem. 115, 234-239.
18. Cheng, Z; Guo, S.Z; Lipton, A.J; Gozal, D. (2002)DA lesions in nucleus of the solitary tract: time-dependent recovery of hypoxic ventilatory response and peripheral afferent axonal plasticity. J. Neurosci., 22, 3215-3226.
19. Cherubini, E; DeFeo, M. R; Mecarelli, O; Ricci, G.F. (1983) Behavioral and electrographical pattern produced by systemic administration of KA in the developing rats. Dev. Brain Res., 9, 69-77.
20. Cisterni, C; Kallenbach, S; Jordier, F; Bagnis, C; Pettmann, B. (2001)Death of motoneurons induced by trophic deprivation or by excitotoxicity is not prevented by overexpression of SMN. Neurobiol. Dis., 8, 240-251.
21. Colman, J.R; Nowocin, K.J; Switzer, R.C; Trusk, T.C; Ramsdell, J.S. (2005) Mapping and reconstruction of DA-induced neurodegeneration in the mouse brain. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 27, 753-767.
22. Curtis, D.R; Johnston, G.A.R. (1974) Amino acid transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Ergebn. Physiol., 69, 97-188.
23. Curtis, D.R; Phillis, J.W; Watkins, J.C. (1960) The chemical excitation of spinal neurones by certain acidic amino acids. J. Physiol., 150, 656-682.
24. Curtis, D.R; Watkins, J.C. (1965). The pharmacology of amino acids related to gamma-aminobutyric acid. Pharm. Rev. 17, 347-391.
25. Curtis, D.R; Phillis, J.W; and Watkins, J.C. (1961) Actions of amino acids on the isolated hemisected spinal cord of the toad. Br. J. Pharmacol., 16, 262-283.
26. Curtis, D.R; Watkins J.C. (1960) The excitation and depression of spinal neurones by structurally related amino acids. J. Neurochem., 6, 117-141.
27. Dakshinamurti, K;Sharma, S.K; Gieger J.D. (2003) Neuroprotective Actions of Pyridoxine. Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 1647, 225-229.
28. Dakshinamurti, K; Sharma, S. K; Sundaram, M. (1991) DA induced seizure activity in normal rat. Neurosci. Lett, 127, 193-197.
29. Dakshinamurti, K; Sharma, S.K; Sundaram, M; and Watanabe, T. (1993). Hippocampal.changes in developing postnatal Mice following Intra-uterine Exposure to DA. J. Neurosci. 13, 4486-4495.
30. Dan, L; Wang, H. F. (2013) Mn-doped ZnS quantum dot imbedded two-fragment imprinting silica for enhanced room temperature phosphorescence probing of DA. Anal. Chem., 85, 4844-4848.
31. Del-Cerro, M.P. (1968) Evolution of extracellular space in immature nervous tissue. Experientia, 24, 929-930.
32. Double, A. (1995) Excitatory amino acid receptors and neurodegeneration. Therapie, 50, 319-337.
33. Duran, R; Arufe, M.C; Arias, B; Alfonso, M. (1995) Effect of DA on brain amino acid levels. Rev. Esp. Fisiol., 51, 23-27.
34. 10 in Parkinson's Disease. The Encyclopedia of Vitamin E (eds V.R. Preedy and R.R. Watson) CAB International. pp 439-449.
35. Ebadi, M; Brown-Borg, H; Sharma, S; Shavali, S; El Refaey, H; Carlson, E.C. (2006) Therapeutic Efficacy of selegiline in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurological Diseases. Current Drug Targets, 7, 1-17.
36. Ebadi, M;Sharma, S; Wanpen, S; Shavali, S. (2004). Metallothionein Isoforms Attenuate Peroxynityrite-Induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. In Parkinson's Disease. Editors: M. Ebadi and R.F. Pfeiffer. CRC Press.
37. Ebadi, M;Sharma, S. K; Ajjimaporn, A; Maanum S. (2004). Weaver Mutant Mouse in Progression of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. In Parkinson's Disease. Editors: M. Ebadi and R.F. Pfeiffer CRC Press.
38. Ebadi, M; Wanpen, S; Shavali, S;Sharma, S. (2004). Coenzyme Q10 stabilizes Metallothionein in Parkinson's disease. In Hiramatsu, M., Packer, L. and Yoshikava T. Molecular Interventions and Protection in Life Style-Related Diseases. Markel Dekker, Inc. New York.
39. Ebadi, M;Sharma, S. (2006) Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Attenuate Peroxynitrite-Induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's disease. Exp. Biol. Med., 231, 1576-1583.
40. Ebadi, M; Brown-Borg, H; Garrett, S; Singh, B; Shavali, S;Sharma, S. (2005) Metallothionein-Mediated Neuroprotection in genetically-Engineered Mice Models of Parkinson's Disease and Aging. Molecular Brain Research, 134, 67-75.
41. Ebadi, M; Sharma, S; Ghafourifar, P; Brwon-Borg, H; Refaey, H.EI (2005). Peroxynitrite in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Method in Enzymology,396, 276-298.
42. 10 Inhibits Mitochondrial Complex-1 downregulation and Nuclear Factor-kappa B Activation. J. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, 8, 213-222.
43. Ebadi, M; Wanpen, S; Shavali, S;Sharma, S. (2005). Coenzyme Q10 Stabilizes Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease. Molecular Interventions in Life-Style-Related Diseases. Ed. Hiramatsu. P127-153.
44. Ebadi, M;Sharma, S. (2003). Peroxynitrite and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling,5, 319-335.
45. Ebadi, M; Govitrapong, P; Sharma, S; Muralikrishnan, D; Shavali, S; Pellet, L; Schaffer, R; Albano, C; Ekens, J. (2001). Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) and Mitochondria in Oxidative Stress of Parkinson's disease. Biological Signals and Receptors, 10, 1-29.
46. Ebadi, M; Govitrapong, P; Sharma. S; Muralikrishnan, D; Shavali, S; Pellet, L; Schaffer, R; Albano, C; Ekens, J. (2001) Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) and Mitochondria in Oxidative Stress of Parkinson's disease. Biological Signals and Receptors, 10, 224-253.
47. Ebadi, M;Sharma, S.K; Shavali, S; Rafaey, E.H. (2002) Neuroprotective Action of Selegiline. J. Neurosci. Res., 67, 285-289.
48. Ebadi, M; Sharma, S.K; Muralikrishnan, D; Shavali, S; Josh, E; Sangchot, P; Chetsawang, B; Brekke, L. (2002) Metallothionein provides Ubiquinone-Mediated Neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Proceedings of Western Pharmacol. Soc., 45, 1-3.
49. Ebadi, M; Sharma, S.K; Shavali, S; Sangchot, P; Brekke, L. (2002) The Multiple Actions of selegiline. Proceedings of Western Pharmacol. Soc., 45, 106-107.
50. Fraga, M; Vilarino, N; Louzao, M.C; Rodriguez, P; Campbell, K; Elliott, C.T; Botana, L.M. (2013). Multidetection of paralytic, diarrheic, and amnesic shellfish toxins by an inhibition immunoassay using a microsphere-flow cytometry system. Anal. Chem., 85, 7794-7802.
51. Friedberg, E.B; Ross, D.T.(1993) Degeneration of rat thalamic reticular neurons following intrathalamic DA injection. Neurosci. Lett , 151, 115-119.
52. Fuentes, M.S; Wikfors, G.H. (2013) Control of DA toxin expression in Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries by copper and silica: relevance to mussel aquaculture in New England (USA). Mar. Environ. Res., 83, 23-28.
53. Garthwaite, J; Garthwait, G. (1983). The mechanism of KA neurotoxicity. Nature, 305, 138-140
54. Garthwaite, J; Gilligan, G.T. (1984) Kainate-glutamate interaction in rat cerebellar slices. Neuroscience, 2, 125-138.
55. Gimnez Papiol, G: Casanova, A; Fernndez-Tejedor, M; de la Iglesia, P; Diogne, J. (2013) Management of DA monitoring in shellfish from the Catalan coast.Environ Monit Assess, 185, 6653-6666.
56. Giordano, G; Kavanagh, T.J; Faustman, E.M; White, C.C; Costa, L.G. (2013) Low-level DA protects mouse cerebellar granule neurons from acute neurotoxicity: role of glutathione. Toxicol. Sci., 132, 399-408.
57. Godin, Y.L; Heiner, L; Mark, J; Mendel, P. (1969) Effect of di-propyl acetate, an anticonvulsant compound on GABA metabolism. J. Neurochem., 16, 869-873.
58. Hall, J.G; Hicks, T.P; McLennan, H. (1978). KA and the glutamate receptors. Neurosci. Lett. 8, 171-175.
59. Honegger, P; Richelson, E. (1977) Kianic acid alters neurochemical development in fetal rat brain aggregating cell cultures. Brain Res., 138, 580-584.
60. Hortigüela, M.J; Wall, J.G. (2013) Improved detection of DA using covalently immobilised antibody fragments. Mar. Drugs, 11, 881-895.
61. Jacobson, E.R; Homer, B.L; Stacy, B.A; Greiner, E.C; Szabo, N.J; Chrisman, C.L; Origgi, F; Coberley, S; Foley, A.M; Landsberg, J.H; Flewelling, L; Ewing, R.Y; Moretti, R; Schaf, S; Rose, C; Mader, D.R; Harman, G.R; Manire, C.A; Mettee, N.S; Mizisin, A.P; Shelton, G.D. (2006). Neurological disease in wild loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta.Dis Aquat. Organ, 70, 139-154.
62. Jawaid, W; Meneely, J; Campbell, K; Hooper, M; Melville, K; Holmes, S; Rice, J; Elliott, C. (2013)Development and validation of the first high performance-lateral flow immunoassay (HP-LFIA) for the rapid screening of DA from shellfish extracts. Talanta. 116, 663-669.
63. Johnston, D. (1984). Valproic acid, its update on its mechanism of action. Epilepsia, 25, S1-S4.
64. Klongpanichapak, S; Govitropong, P;Sharma, S; Ebadi, M. (2006 Attenuation of Cocaine and Methamphetamine neurotoxicity by Coenzyme Q10. Neurochem. Res, 31, 303-311.
65. Künig, G; Niedermeyer, B; Krause, F; Hartmann, J; Deckert, J; Ransmayr, G; Heinsen, H; Beckmann, H; Riederer, P. (1994) Interactions of neurotoxins with non-NMDA glutamate receptors: an autoradiographic study. J. Neural. Transm. Suppl., 43, 59-62.
66. Lopes, V.M; Lopes, A.R; Costa, P; Rosa, R. (2013) Cephalopods as vectors of harmful algal bloom toxins in marine food webs. Mar. Drugs, 11, 3381-3409.
67. Lu, J; Wu, D.M; Zheng, Y.L; Hu, B; Cheng, W; Zhang, Z.F; Li, M.Q. (2013). Troxerutin counteracts DA-induced memory deficits in mice by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β-mediated inflammatory response and oxidative stress. J. Immunol._190, 3466-3479.
68. Lu, J; Wu, D. M; Zheng, Y.L; Hu, B; Cheng, W; Zhang, Z. F. (2012) Purple sweet potato color attenuates DA-induced cognitive deficits by promoting estrogen receptor-a-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis signaling in mice. Free Radic Biol Med, 52, 646-659.
69. MacDonald, R. L; Bergey, G.K. (1979) Valproic acid augments GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition in cultured mammalian neurons. Brain Res., 170, 558-562.
70. Madl, J.E; Duncan, C.G; Stanhill, J.E; Tai, P.Y; Spraker, T.R; Gulland, F.M. (2013)Oxidative Stress and Redistribution of Glutamine Synthetase in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) with DA Toxicosis. J. Comp. Pathol., Sep 21.
71. Maheshwari, M.C. (1984). Sodium valproate in the treatment of shildhood epilepsies. Indian Pediatrics 21, 439-446.
72. Marrs, T.C; Maynard, R. L. (2013). Neurotranmission systems as targets for toxicants: a review. Cell Biol. Toxicol. Sep 15.
73. McGeer, P.L; McGeer, E.G; Hattori, T. (1978). KA-induced epilepsy. In: Kiniac acid as a tool in Neurobiology. E.G. McGeer, J.W. Onley and P.L. McGeer, Eds Raven Press, New York) p 123.
74. McGinty, J.F; Henricksen, S.J; Goldstein, A; Terrenius, L; Bloom, F.E. (1983). Dynorphin is contained within hippocampal mossy fibers, immunochemical alterations after kinic acid administration and colchicine induced neurotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 80, 589-593.
75. McGrath, T.F; Andersson, K; Campbell, K; Fodey, T.L; Elliott, C.T. (2013)Development of a rapid low cost fluorescent biosensor for the detection of food contaminants. Biosens. Bioelectron, 41, 96-102.
76. McGrath, T.F; Campbell, K; Fodey, T.L; O'Kennedy, R, Elliott, C.T. (2013) An evaluation of the capability of a biolayer interferometry biosensor to detect low-molecular-weight food contaminants. Anal. Bioanal. Chem, 405, 2535-2544.
77. McNamee, S.E; Elliott, C.T; Delahaut, P; Campbell, K. (2013) Multiplex biotoxin surface plasmon resonance method for marine biotoxins in algal and seawater samples. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int, 20, 6794-807.
78. Nayar, U; Puthuraya, K.P; Deo, M.G. (1979). Effect of undernutrition on electrogenesis of cerebellum. In: IBRO, Neural Growth and Differentiation, E. Meisami and M.A.B. Brazier, Eds (Raven Press, New York) p. 237.
79. 2+ calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in rat brain (review). Int. J. Mol. Med., 6, 377-389.
80. Nitecka, L; Tremblay, E; Chorton, G; Bouillot, J.P; Berger, M.L; Ben-Ari, Y. (1984) Maturation of KA seizure-Brain damage syndrome in rat II-Histopathological sequale. Neuroscience, 13, 1073-1094.
81. Osada, M; Marks, L.J; Stewart J.E. (1995) determination of DA by two different versions of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 54, 797-804.
82. Peng, Y.G; Taylor, T.B; Finch, R.E; Switzer, R.C; Ramsdell, J.S. (1994). Neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic actions of the amnesic shellfish poison, DA. Neuroreport, 5, 981-985.
83. Peng, Y.G; Taylor, T.B; Finch, R.E; Switzer, R.C; Ramsdell, J.S. (1994). Neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic actions of the amnesic shellfish poison, DA. Neuroreport, 5, 981-985.
84. Pérez-Gοmez, A; Tasker, R.A. (2013)Transient DA excitotoxicity increases BDNF expression and activates both MEK-and PKA-dependent neurogenesis in organotypic hippocampal slices. BMC Neurosci, 14, 72.
85. Picot, C; Limon, G; Durand, G; Parent-Massin, D; Roudot, A.C. (2013) Probabilistic dietary exposure to phycotoxins in a recreational shellfish harvester subpopulation (France). J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol, 23, 435-441.
86. Polischuk, T.M; Jarvis, C.R; Andrew, R.D. (1998) Intrinsic optical signaling denoting neuronal damage in response to acute excitotoxic insult by DA in the hippocampal slice. Neurobiol. Dis, 4, 423-437.
87. Prince, E.K; Irmer, F; Pohnert, G. (2013)DA improves the competitive ability of Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima against the diatom Skeletonema marinoi. Mar. Drugs, 11, 2398-412.
88. Rimval, K; Keller, F; Waser, P.G. (1987) Selective KA lesions in altered explants of rat hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol. Scand, 74, 183-188.
89. Roach, M.K; Corbin, J; Pennington, W. (1974) Effect of undernutrition on amino acid compartmentation in the developing rat brain. J. Neurochem., 22, 521-528.
90. Roy, M; Hom, J; Sapolsky, R. M. (2001) Neuroprotection with herpes simplex vectors expressing virally derived anti-apoptotic agents. Brain Res., 901, 12-22.
91. Ryan, J.C; Cross, C.A; Van Dolah, F.M. (2011). Effects of COX inhibitors on neurodegeneration and survival in mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin DA. Neurosci. Lett, 487, 83-87.
92. Sangchot, P;Sharma, S.K; Chetsawang, B; Govitropong, P; Ebadi, M. (2002) Deferoxamine attenuates Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress and prevents Mitochondrial aggregation and α-Synuclein Translocation in SK-N-SH cells in Culture. Developmental. Neuroscience, 24, 143-153.
93. Scallet, A.C; Binienda, Z; Caputo, F.A; Hall, S; Paule, M.G; Rountree, R.L; Schmued, L; Sobotka, T; Slikker, W. Jr. (1993) DA-treated cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis): effects of dose on hippocampal neuronal and terminal degeneration. Brain Res, 627, 307-313.
94. Scallet, A.C; Schmued, L.C; Johannessen, J.N. (2005) Neurohistochemical biomarkers of the marine neurotoxicant, DA. Neurotoxicol Teratol, 27, 745-752.
95. Scallet, A.C; Ye, X. (1997) Excitotoxic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 825, 194-205.
96. Schmued, L; Slikker, W. Jr. (1999) Black-gold: a simple, high-resolution histochemical label for normal and pathological myelin in brain tissue sections. Brain Res., 837, 289-297.
97. Schmued, L.C; Hopkins, K.J. (2000) Fluoro-Jade: novel fluorochromes for detecting toxicant-induced neuronaldegeneration. Toxicol. Pathol., 28, 91-99.
98. Schmued, L.C; Scallet, A.C; Slikker, W. Jr. (1995) DA-induced neuronal degeneration in the primate forebrain revealed by degeneration specific histochemistry. Brain Res, 695, 64-70.
99. Schultz, I.R; Skillman, A; Sloan-Evans, S; Woodruff, D. (2013). DA toxicokinetics in Dungeness crabs: new insights into mechanisms that regulate bioaccumulation. Aquat. Toxicol., 140-141,77-88.
100. Seubert, E.L; Gellene, A.G; Howard, M.D; Connell, P; Ragan, M; Jones, B.H; Runyan, J; Caron, D.A. (2013) Seasonal and annual dynamics of harmful algae and algal toxins revealed through weekly monitoring at two coastal ocean sites off southern California, USA. Environ Sci. Pollut. Res. Int, 20, 6878-6895.
101. Sharma, S; Ebadi, M. (2008). Therapeutic Potential of Metallothioneins in Parkinson's Disease. In New Research on Parkinson's Disease. Eds: Timothy F. Hahn & Julian Werner, Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 1-28.
102. Sharma, S; Ebadi, M. (2011). Metallothioneins As Early & Sensitive Biomarkers of Redox Signaling in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Journal of Institute of Integrative Omics & Applied Biotechnonogy (IIOAB Journal), 2, 98-106.
103. Sharma, S; Ebadi, M. (2011). Therapeutic Potential of Metallothioneins as Anti-inflammatory Agents in Polysubstance Abuse. Journal of Institute of Integrative Omics & Applied Biotechnonogy IIOAB Journal, 12, 50-61.
104. Sharma, S; Ebadi, M. (2013). Antioxidant Targeting in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Ed. I. Laher, Springer Verlag. Germany. Chapter 85, p 1-30. (in Press).
105. +)-Induced Apoptosis in Dopaminergic Neurons. J. Neurocytology, 32, 329-343.
106. Sharma, S; Moon, C.S; Khogali, A; Haidous, A; Chabenne, A; Ojo, C; Jelebinkov, M; Kurdi, Y; Ebadi, M. (2013) Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease (Recent Update). Neurochemistry International, 63, 201-229.
107. Sharma, S; Rais, A; Sandhu, R; Nel, W; Ebadi, M (2013) Clinical significance of metallothioneins in cell therapy and nanomedicine. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 8, 1477-1488.
108. 18F-DOPA uptake in genetically engineered mouse model of Parkinson's disease and the neuroprotective role of coenzyme Q10. Brain Res. Bull 70, 22-32.
109. Sharma, S; Kheradpezhou, M; Shavali, S; El Refaey, H; Eken, J; Hagen, C; Ebadi, M. (2004). Neuroprotective Actions of Coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson's Disease. Methods in Enzymology. 382, 488-509.
110. Sharma, S.K; Ebadi, M. (2004) An improved method for analysing coenzyme Q homologues and multiple detection of rare biological samples. J. Neurosci. Method, 137, 1-8.
111. Sharma, S. K; Dakshinamurti, K. (1992) Seizure activity in Pyridoxine-deficient adult rats. Epilepsia, 33, 235-247.
112. Sharma, S. K; Bolster, B; Viswanathan, M; Dakshinamurti, K. (1990). Effects of Pyridoxine Deficiency on Picrotoxin-induced seizure activity in the rat. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 585, 543-548.
113. Sharma, S. K. (1988). Nutrition and Brain Development. Published in the Proceedings of the First World Congress of Clinical Nutrition. New Delhi, (India) p 5-8.
114. Sharma, S. K; Selvamurthy, W; Maheshwari, M. C; Singh, T. P. (1990) KA induced epileptogenesis in developing normal and UN rats-A Computerized EEG Analysis. Ind. Jr. Med. Res, 92, 456-466.
115. Sharma, S. K; Behari, M; Maheshwari, M. C; Selvamurthy, W. (1990). Seizure susceptibility and intra-rectal Sodium Valproate induced recovery in developing UN rats. Ind. J. Med. Res. 92, 120-127.
116. Sharma, S. K. (1986). Electrophysiological correlates of Bradykinin and other neuropeptides in developing rat cerebral cortex. Published in the Proceedings of Symposium on Substance-P and Neurokinins held in Montreal, July 21-23, Canada Ed. James L. Henry. Publisher: Springer Verlag. p 340-342.
117. Sharma, S. K; Nayar, U; Maheshwari, M.C; Gopinath, G. (1986) Ultrastructural studies of P-cell morphology in developing normal and UN rat cerebellar cortex. Electrophysiological Correlates. Neurology India, 34, 323-327.
118. Sharma, S. K; Nayar, U; Maheshwari, M.C; Singh, B. (1993). Purkinje Cell evoked unit activity in developing UN rats. J. Neurol. Sci. 116, 212-219.
119. Sharma, S. K; Nayar, U; Maheshwari, M.C; Singh, B. (1987). Effect of undernutrition on developing rat cerebellum: Some Electrophysiological and Neuromorphological Correlates. J. Neurol. Sciences. 78, 261-272.
120. Sharma, S. K; Selvamurthy, W; Behari, M; Maheshwari, M.C. Singh, T. P. (1987). Computerized EEG analysis of Penicillin induced seizure threshold in developing rats. Ind. J. Med. Res. 86, 775-782.
121. Sharma, S.K; Dakshinamurti, K. (1993) Suppression of DA-induced seizures by 8-(OH)-DPAT. J. Neural. Transmission, 93, 87-89.
122. Sharma, S.K; Ebadi, M. (2003) Metallothionein Attenuates 3-Morpoholinosydnonimone (SIN-1)-Induced Oxidative and Nitrative Stress in Dopaminergic Neurons. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 5, 251-264.
123. Sharma, S.K; Bolster, B; Dakshinamurti, K. (1994). Picrotoxin and Pentylene Tetrazole induced seizure activity in pyridoxine-deficient rats. J. Neurol. Sci,. 121, 1-9.
124. Sharma, S. K; Dhalla, N.S. (2001). DA as a Tool in Molecular Pharmacology. Pharmacology and Therapeutics in New Millinium. Ed. S.K. Gupta, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. (India). Chapter 12,pp130-137.
125. Sharma, S. K; Selvamurthy, W; Dakshinamurti, K. (1993) Effect of environmental neurotoxins in the developing brain. Biometeorology, 2, 447-455.
126. Sison-Mangus, M.P; Jiang, S; Tran, K.N; Kudela, R.M. (2013)Host-specific adaptation governs the interaction of the marine diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia and their microbiota. ISME J. Aug 29.
127. Slater, G.F; Johnston, D. (1978) Sodium valproate increases potassium conductance in Aplasia neurons. Epilepsia, 19, 379-384.
128. Smith, D.S; Kitts, D.A. (1994) A competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for DA determination in human body fluids. Food Chem. Txicol., 32, 1147-1154.
129. Sperk, G; Lassmann, H; Baran, H; Kish, S.I; Steilberger, F; Hornykiewicz, O. (1983) KA induced seizures: Neurochemical and Histochemical changes. Neuroscience, 10, 1361-1368.
130. Stewart GR; Olney JW; Pathikonda, M; Snider, W.D. (1991)Excitotoxicity in the embryonic chick spinal cord. Ann. Neurol., 30, 758-766.
131. Szkola, A; Campbell, K; Elliott, C.T; Niessner, R; Seidel, M. (2013) Automated, high performance, flow-through chemiluminescence microarray for the multiplexed detection of phycotoxins. Anal. Chim. Acta, 787, 211-218.
132. Tiedeken, J.A; Muha, N; Ramsdell, J.S. (2013) A cupric silver histochemical analysis of DA damage to olfactory pathways following status epilepticus in a rat model for chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior. Toxicol. Pathol., 41, 454-469.
133. Tiedeken, J.A; Ramsdell, J.S. (2013). Persistent neurological damage associated with spontaneous recurrent seizures and atypical aggressive behavior of DA epileptic disease. Toxicol. Sci. 133, 133-1343.
134. Tremblay, E; Nitecka, L; Berger, M.L; Ben-Ari, Y. (1984) Maturation of kinaic acid induced seizures-Brain damage syndrome in the rat. I Clinical, electrographic, and metabolic observations. Neuroscience, 13, 1051-1072.
135. Tryphonas, L, Iverson, F. (1990) Neuropathology of excitatory neurotoxins: the DA model. Toxicol. Pathol., 18, 165-169.
136. Tsunekawa, K; Kondo, F; Okada, T; Feng, G.G; Huang, L; Ishikawa, N; Okada, S. (2013). Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) stimulated by DA in rat hippocampus: involvement of reactive oxygen species generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. BMC Neurosci., 14, 4.
137. Van Dolah, F. M; Leightfield, T. A; Haynes, B. L; Hampson, D. R; Ramsdell, J.S. (1997) A microplate receptor assay for amnestic shellfish poisoning toxin, DA, utilizing a cloned glutamate receptor. Anal. Biochem, 245, 102-105.
138. Vcsei, L; Dib, G; Kiss, C. (1998). Neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurotoxicology. 19, 511-514.
139. Wang, G. J., Schmued, L.C; Andrews, A.M; Scallet, A.C; Slikker, W. Jr; Binienda, Z. (2000)Systemic administration of DA-induced spinal cord lesions in neonatal rats. J. Spinal. Cord. Med., 23, 31-39.
140. Wiggins, R.C; Fuller, G; Enna, S. (1986) Undernutrition and the development of brain neurotransmitter systems. Life Sci., 35, 2085-2094.
141. Wu, D.M; Lu, J; Zhang, Y.Q; Zheng, Y.L; Hu, B; Cheng, W; Zhang; Z.F; Li, M.Q. (2013). Ursolic acid improves DA-induced cognitive deficits in mice.Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 271, 127-136.
142. Xi, D; Ramsdell, J.S. (1996) Glutamate receptors and calcium entry mechanisms for DA in hippocampal neurons. Neuroreport, 7, 1115-1120.
143. Ye, X; Carp, R.I; Schmued, L.C; Scallet, A.C. (2001). Fluoro-Jade and silver methods: application to the neuropathology of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc., 8, 104-112.
144. Zhao, J. Y; Thibault, P; Quilliam, M.A. (1997) Analysis of DA and isomers in seafood by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis, 18, 268-276.