메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

Microglial phenotypes and toll-like receptor 2 in the substantia nigra and hippocampus of incidental Lewy body disease cases and Parkinson's disease patients

Author keywords

Hippocampus; Incidental Lewy body disease; Microglia; Parkinson's disease; Substantia nigra; Toll like receptor 2

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; CD68 PROTEIN, MOUSE; DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGEN; LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN; SNCA PROTEIN, MOUSE; TLR2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2;

EID: 84907407571     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20515960     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0090-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (223)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0141741347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models
    • Dauer W, Przedborski S: Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron 2003, 39: 889-909. 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00568-3
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.39 , pp. 889-909
    • Dauer, W.1    Przedborski, S.2
  • 3
    • 79955018192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patients' perception of prodromal symptoms before the initial diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
    • Gaenslen A, Swid I, Liepelt Scarfone I, Godau J, Berg D: The patients' perception of prodromal symptoms before the initial diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011, 26: 653-658. 10.1002/mds.23499
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 653-658
    • Gaenslen, A.1    Swid, I.2    Liepelt Scarfone, I.3    Godau, J.4    Berg, D.5
  • 5
    • 71849116135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-motor features of Parkinson's disease: depression and dementia
    • Reichmann H, Schneider C, Löhle M: Non-motor features of Parkinson's disease: depression and dementia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009, 15: S87-S92. 10.1016/S1353-8020(09)70789-8
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.15 , pp. S87-S92
    • Reichmann, H.1    Schneider, C.2    Löhle, M.3
  • 6
    • 74149094680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brainstem pathology and non-motor symptoms in PD
    • Grinberg LT, Rueb U, Alho ATL, Heinsen H: Brainstem pathology and non-motor symptoms in PD. J Neurol Sci 2010, 289: 81-88. 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.021
    • (2010) J Neurol Sci , vol.289 , pp. 81-88
    • Grinberg, L.T.1    Rueb, U.2    Alho, A.T.L.3    Heinsen, H.4
  • 7
    • 77950813474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
    • Aarsland D, Kurz MW: The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Brain Pathol 2010, 20: 633-639. 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00369.x
    • (2010) Brain Pathol , vol.20 , pp. 633-639
    • Aarsland, D.1    Kurz, M.W.2
  • 8
    • 84860835686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-dopamine Lesions in Parkinson's Disease
    • Oxford University Press, Inc., New York;
    • Halliday A, Barker RA, Rowe DB: Non-dopamine Lesions in Parkinson's Disease. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York; 2011.
    • (2011)
    • Halliday, A.1    Barker, R.A.2    Rowe, D.B.3
  • 10
    • 0036392590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staging of the intracerebral inclusion body pathology associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (preclinical and clinical stages)
    • Braak H, Del Tredici K, Bratzke H, Hamm-Clement J, Sandmann-Keil D, Rüb U: Staging of the intracerebral inclusion body pathology associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (preclinical and clinical stages). J Neurol 2002, 249: 1-5. 10.1007/s00415-002-1301-4
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , pp. 1-5
    • Braak, H.1    Del Tredici, K.2    Bratzke, H.3    Hamm-Clement, J.4    Sandmann-Keil, D.5    Rüb, U.6
  • 12
    • 0036522967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease
    • Wu DC, Jackson-Lewis V, Vila M, Tieu K, Teismann P, Vadseth C, Choi DK, Ischiropoulos H, Przedborski S: Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. J Neurosci 2002, 22: 1763-1771.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 1763-1771
    • Wu, D.C.1    Jackson-Lewis, V.2    Vila, M.3    Tieu, K.4    Teismann, P.5    Vadseth, C.6    Choi, D.K.7    Ischiropoulos, H.8    Przedborski, S.9
  • 14
    • 0030222037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS
    • Kreutzberg GW: Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci 1996, 19: 312-318. 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10049-7
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 312-318
    • Kreutzberg, G.W.1
  • 15
    • 73449145606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of microglia in neuronal degeneration and regeneration
    • Walter L, Neumann H: Role of microglia in neuronal degeneration and regeneration. Semin Immunopath 2009, 31: 513-525. 10.1007/s00281-009-0180-5
    • (2009) Semin Immunopath , vol.31 , pp. 513-525
    • Walter, L.1    Neumann, H.2
  • 16
    • 0028171374 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 [beta], interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-[alpha] are elevated in the brain from Parkinsonian patients
    • Mogi M, Harada M, Kondo T, Riederer P, Inagaki H, Minami M, Nagatsu T: Interleukin-1 [beta], interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-[alpha] are elevated in the brain from Parkinsonian patients. Neurosci Lett 1994, 180: 147-150. 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90508-8
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.180 , pp. 147-150
    • Mogi, M.1    Harada, M.2    Kondo, T.3    Riederer, P.4    Inagaki, H.5    Minami, M.6    Nagatsu, T.7
  • 17
    • 71849087424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation in the living brain of Parkinson's disease
    • Ouchi Y, Yagi S, Yokokura M, Sakamoto M: Neuroinflammation in the living brain of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009, 15: 200-204. 10.1016/S1353-8020(09)70814-4
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.15 , pp. 200-204
    • Ouchi, Y.1    Yagi, S.2    Yokokura, M.3    Sakamoto, M.4
  • 19
    • 47349104402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial reactions in Parkinson's disease
    • McGeer PL, McGeer EG: Glial reactions in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008, 23: 474-483. 10.1002/mds.21751
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 474-483
    • McGeer, P.L.1    McGeer, E.G.2
  • 21
    • 0035241253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of olfaction in de novo and treated Parkinson's disease: possible implications for early diagnosis
    • Tissingh G, Berendse HW, Bergmans P, DeWaard R, Drukarch B, Stoof JC, Wolters EC: Loss of olfaction in de novo and treated Parkinson's disease: possible implications for early diagnosis. Mov Disord 2001, 16: 41-46. 10.1002/1531-8257(200101)16:1<41::AID-MDS1017>3.0.CO;2-M
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 41-46
    • Tissingh, G.1    Berendse, H.W.2    Bergmans, P.3    DeWaard, R.4    Drukarch, B.5    Stoof, J.C.6    Wolters, E.C.7
  • 22
    • 84864056887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders
    • Edited by: Halliday GM, Barker RA, Rowe DB.
    • Doty RL, Hawkes CH, Berendse HW: Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders. In Non-dopamine Lesions in Parkinson's Disease Edited by: Halliday GM, Barker RA, Rowe DB. 2011, 65-91.
    • (2011) In Non-dopamine Lesions in Parkinson's Disease , pp. 65-91
    • Doty, R.L.1    Hawkes, C.H.2    Berendse, H.W.3
  • 24
    • 34447328426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's patients and MPTP-treated mice is not restricted to the nigrostriatal system: microgliosis and differential expression of interleukin-1 receptors in the olfactory bulb
    • Vroon A, Drukarch B, Bol JGJM, Cras P, Brevé JJP, Allan SM, Relton JK, Hoogland PVJM, Van Dam AM: Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's patients and MPTP-treated mice is not restricted to the nigrostriatal system: microgliosis and differential expression of interleukin-1 receptors in the olfactory bulb. Exp Gerontol 2007, 42: 762-771. 10.1016/j.exger.2007.04.010
    • (2007) Exp Gerontol , vol.42 , pp. 762-771
    • Vroon, A.1    Drukarch, B.2    Bol, J.G.J.M.3    Cras, P.4    Brevé, J.J.P.5    Allan, S.M.6    Relton, J.K.7    Hoogland, P.V.J.M.8    Van Dam, A.M.9
  • 25
    • 32044442102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial phenotype: is the commitment reversible?
    • Schwartz M, Butovsky O, Bruck W, Hanisch UK: Microglial phenotype: is the commitment reversible? Trends Neurosci 2006, 29: 68-74. 10.1016/j.tins.2005.12.005
    • (2006) Trends Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 68-74
    • Schwartz, M.1    Butovsky, O.2    Bruck, W.3    Hanisch, U.K.4
  • 26
    • 35548986304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
    • Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H: Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10: 1387-1394. 10.1038/nn1997
    • (2007) Nat Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 1387-1394
    • Hanisch, U.K.1    Kettenmann, H.2
  • 27
    • 46749115222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Region specific expression of immunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS
    • De Haas AH, Boddeke HW, Biber K: Region specific expression of immunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS. Glia 2008, 56: 888-894. 10.1002/glia.20663
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , pp. 888-894
    • De Haas, A.H.1    Boddeke, H.W.2    Biber, K.3
  • 28
    • 0035101188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of microglial activation: a confocal time lapse analysis in hippocampal slices
    • Stence N, Waite M, Dailey ME: Dynamics of microglial activation: a confocal time lapse analysis in hippocampal slices. Glia 2001, 33: 256-266. 10.1002/1098-1136(200103)33:3<256::AID-GLIA1024>3.0.CO;2-J
    • (2001) Glia , vol.33 , pp. 256-266
    • Stence, N.1    Waite, M.2    Dailey, M.E.3
  • 30
    • 0030757323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuritic plaque evolution in Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by transition of activated microglia from primed to enlarged to phagocytic forms
    • Sheng JG, Mrak RE, Griffin WS: Neuritic plaque evolution in Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by transition of activated microglia from primed to enlarged to phagocytic forms. Acta Neuropathol 1997, 94: 1-5. 10.1007/s004010050664
    • (1997) Acta Neuropathol , vol.94 , pp. 1-5
    • Sheng, J.G.1    Mrak, R.E.2    Griffin, W.S.3
  • 31
    • 84897976299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial priming in neurodegenerative disease
    • Perry VH, Holmes C: Microglial priming in neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2014, 10(4):217-224. 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.38
    • (2014) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 217-224
    • Perry, V.H.1    Holmes, C.2
  • 32
    • 84872733391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: microglia of the aged brain: primed to be activated and resistant to regulation
    • Norden DM, Godbout JP: Review: microglia of the aged brain: primed to be activated and resistant to regulation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013, 39: 19-34. 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01306.x
    • (2013) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.39 , pp. 19-34
    • Norden, D.M.1    Godbout, J.P.2
  • 33
    • 58049220365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity
    • Palm NW, Medzhitov R: Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2009, 227: 221-233. 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00731.x
    • (2009) Immunol Rev , vol.227 , pp. 221-233
    • Palm, N.W.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 34
    • 77956394741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clear and present danger: endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors
    • Sloane JA, Blitz D, Margolin Z, Vartanian T: A clear and present danger: endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors. Neruomol Med 2010, 12: 149-163. 10.1007/s12017-009-8094-x
    • (2010) Neruomol Med , vol.12 , pp. 149-163
    • Sloane, J.A.1    Blitz, D.2    Margolin, Z.3    Vartanian, T.4
  • 36
    • 77956802559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors expression and signaling in glia cells in neuro-amyloidogenic diseases: towards future therapeutic application
    • Trudler D, Farfara D, Frenkel D: Toll-like receptors expression and signaling in glia cells in neuro-amyloidogenic diseases: towards future therapeutic application. Mediators Inflamm 2010,: doi:10.1155/2010/497987
    • (2010) Mediators Inflamm
    • Trudler, D.1    Farfara, D.2    Frenkel, D.3
  • 37
    • 75849151435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: the role of microglia in toll-like receptor-mediated neuronal injury
    • Lehnardt S: Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: the role of microglia in toll-like receptor-mediated neuronal injury. Glia 2010, 58: 253-263.
    • (2010) Glia , vol.58 , pp. 253-263
    • Lehnardt, S.1
  • 39
    • 58149181978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrillar amyloid-b peptides activate microglia via TLR2: implications for Alzheimer's disease
    • Jana M, Palencia CA, Pahan K: Fibrillar amyloid-b peptides activate microglia via TLR2: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Immunol 2008, 181: 7254-7262. 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7254
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 7254-7262
    • Jana, M.1    Palencia, C.A.2    Pahan, K.3
  • 40
    • 77951634046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in multiple sclerosis
    • Racke MK, Drew PD: Toll-like receptors in multiple sclerosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009, 336: 155-168.
    • (2009) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.336 , pp. 155-168
    • Racke, M.K.1    Drew, P.D.2
  • 41
    • 84875898265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuron-released oligomeric a-synuclein is an endogenous agonist of TLR2 for paracrine activation of microglia
    • Kim C, Ho DH, Suk JE, You S, Michael S, Kang J, Lee SJ, Masliah E, Hwang D, Lee HJ: Neuron-released oligomeric a-synuclein is an endogenous agonist of TLR2 for paracrine activation of microglia. Nat Commun 2013, 4: 1562. 10.1038/ncomms2534
    • (2013) Nat Commun , vol.4 , pp. 1562
    • Kim, C.1    Ho, D.H.2    Suk, J.E.3    You, S.4    Michael, S.5    Kang, J.6    Lee, S.J.7    Masliah, E.8    Hwang, D.9    Lee, H.J.10
  • 43
    • 84858652204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misfolded α-synuclein and toll-like receptors: therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease
    • Béraud D, Maguire-Zeiss KA: Misfolded α-synuclein and toll-like receptors: therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012, 18: S17-S20. 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70008-6
    • (2012) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.18 , pp. S17-S20
    • Béraud, D.1    Maguire-Zeiss, K.A.2
  • 46
    • 84864813232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regionally-specific microglial activation in young mice over-expressing human wildtype alpha-synuclein
    • Watson MB, Richter F, Lee SK, Gabby L, Wu J, Masliah E, Effros RB, Chesselet MF: Regionally-specific microglial activation in young mice over-expressing human wildtype alpha-synuclein. Exp Neurol 2012, 237: 318-334. 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.025
    • (2012) Exp Neurol , vol.237 , pp. 318-334
    • Watson, M.B.1    Richter, F.2    Lee, S.K.3    Gabby, L.4    Wu, J.5    Masliah, E.6    Effros, R.B.7    Chesselet, M.F.8
  • 47
    • 84873123076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triggering of inflammasome by aggregated A-synuclein, an inflammatory response in synucleinopathies
    • Codolo G, Plotegher N, Pozzobon T, Brucale M, Tessari I, Bubacco L, de Bernard M: Triggering of inflammasome by aggregated A-synuclein, an inflammatory response in synucleinopathies. PLoS ONE 2013, 8: e55375. 10.1371/journal.pone.0055375
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Codolo, G.1    Plotegher, N.2    Pozzobon, T.3    Brucale, M.4    Tessari, I.5    Bubacco, L.6    de Bernard, M.7
  • 48
    • 79960069979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-syn suppression reverses synaptic and memory defects in a mouse model of dementia with Lewy bodies
    • Lim Y, Kehm VM, Lee EB, Soper JH, Li C, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY: Alpha-syn suppression reverses synaptic and memory defects in a mouse model of dementia with Lewy bodies. J Neurosci 2011, 31: 10076-10087. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0618-11.2011
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 10076-10087
    • Lim, Y.1    Kehm, V.M.2    Lee, E.B.3    Soper, J.H.4    Li, C.5    Trojanowski, J.Q.6    Lee, V.M.Y.7
  • 49
    • 84863593338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal abnormalities and memory deficits in Parkinson disease A multimodal imaging study
    • Carlesimo GA, Piras F, Assogna F, Pontieri FE, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G: Hippocampal abnormalities and memory deficits in Parkinson disease A multimodal imaging study. Neurology 2012, 78: 1939-1945. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318259e1c5
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , pp. 1939-1945
    • Carlesimo, G.A.1    Piras, F.2    Assogna, F.3    Pontieri, F.E.4    Caltagirone, C.5    Spalletta, G.6
  • 50
    • 5444255434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stages in the development of Parkinson's disease-related pathology
    • Braak H, Ghebremedhin E, Rüb U, Bratzke H, Del Tredici K: Stages in the development of Parkinson's disease-related pathology. Cell Tissue Res 2004, 318: 121-134. 10.1007/s00441-004-0956-9
    • (2004) Cell Tissue Res , vol.318 , pp. 121-134
    • Braak, H.1    Ghebremedhin, E.2    Rüb, U.3    Bratzke, H.4    Del Tredici, K.5
  • 53
    • 0027474061 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to lysosomal glycoproteins
    • Holness CL, Simmons DL: Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to lysosomal glycoproteins. Blood 1993, 81: 1607-1613.
    • (1993) Blood , vol.81 , pp. 1607-1613
    • Holness, C.L.1    Simmons, D.L.2
  • 55
  • 56
    • 84897572238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hippocampal CA2 region is essential for social memory
    • Hitti FL, Siegelbaum SA: The hippocampal CA2 region is essential for social memory. Nature 2014, 508: 88-92. 10.1038/nature13028
    • (2014) Nature , vol.508 , pp. 88-92
    • Hitti, F.L.1    Siegelbaum, S.A.2
  • 57
    • 0023789193 scopus 로고
    • Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains
    • McGeer PL, Itagaki S, Boyes BE, McGeer EG: Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurology 1988, 38: 1285-1286. 10.1212/WNL.38.8.1285
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 1285-1286
    • McGeer, P.L.1    Itagaki, S.2    Boyes, B.E.3    McGeer, E.G.4
  • 58
    • 16344382456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine production of activated microglia and decrease in neurotrophic factors of neurons in the hippocampus of Lewy body disease brains
    • Imamura K, Hishikawa N, Ono K, Suzuki H, Sawada M, Nagatsu T, Yoshida M, Hashizume Y: Cytokine production of activated microglia and decrease in neurotrophic factors of neurons in the hippocampus of Lewy body disease brains. Acta Neuropathol 2005, 109: 141-150. 10.1007/s00401-004-0919-y
    • (2005) Acta Neuropathol , vol.109 , pp. 141-150
    • Imamura, K.1    Hishikawa, N.2    Ono, K.3    Suzuki, H.4    Sawada, M.5    Nagatsu, T.6    Yoshida, M.7    Hashizume, Y.8
  • 59
    • 77956230017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of systemic inflammation to chronic neurodegeneration
    • Perry VH: Contribution of systemic inflammation to chronic neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2010, 120: 277-286. 10.1007/s00401-010-0722-x
    • (2010) Acta Neuropathol , vol.120 , pp. 277-286
    • Perry, V.H.1
  • 60
    • 72849137193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
    • Ibarretxe Bilbao N, Tolosa E, Junque C, Marti MJ: MRI and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009, 24: S748-S753. 10.1002/mds.22670
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. S748-S753
    • Ibarretxe Bilbao, N.1    Tolosa, E.2    Junque, C.3    Marti, M.J.4
  • 62
    • 33750440495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal neuron and glial cell numbers in Parkinson's disease: a stereological study
    • Joelving FC, Billeskov R, Christensen JR, West M, Pakkenberg B: Hippocampal neuron and glial cell numbers in Parkinson's disease: a stereological study. Hippocampus 2006, 16: 826-833. 10.1002/hipo.20212
    • (2006) Hippocampus , vol.16 , pp. 826-833
    • Joelving, F.C.1    Billeskov, R.2    Christensen, J.R.3    West, M.4    Pakkenberg, B.5
  • 63
    • 84872706357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain
    • Boche D, Perry VH, Nicoll JA: Review: activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain. Neuropathol Appl Eurobiol 2013, 39: 3-18. 10.1111/nan.12011
    • (2013) Neuropathol Appl Eurobiol , vol.39 , pp. 3-18
    • Boche, D.1    Perry, V.H.2    Nicoll, J.A.3
  • 64
    • 7644231561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization
    • Mantovani A, Sica A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Locati M: The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol 2004, 25: 677-686. 10.1016/j.it.2004.09.015
    • (2004) Trends Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 677-686
    • Mantovani, A.1    Sica, A.2    Sozzani, S.3    Allavena, P.4    Vecchi, A.5    Locati, M.6
  • 65
    • 51349085578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TREM2 is upregulated in amyloid plaque-associated microglia in aged APP23 transgenic mice
    • Frank S, Burbach GJ, Bonin M, Walter M, Streit W, Bechmann I, Deller T: TREM2 is upregulated in amyloid plaque-associated microglia in aged APP23 transgenic mice. Glia 2008, 56: 1438-1447. 10.1002/glia.20710
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , pp. 1438-1447
    • Frank, S.1    Burbach, G.J.2    Bonin, M.3    Walter, M.4    Streit, W.5    Bechmann, I.6    Deller, T.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.