The BOSCO solar cell: Simulation and experiment

IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1243-1251

  Fertig, Fabian ^a   Greulich, Johannes ^a   Kraub, Karin ^a   Clement, Florian ^a   Biro, Daniel ^a   Preu, Ralf ^a   Rein, Stefan ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bifacial; double sided collection; multicrystalline silicon; photovoltaic cells

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; POLYSILICON; SOLAR CELLS;

BIFACIAL; INTERCONNECTION TECHNOLOGY; LARGE-AREA WAFERS; MULTI-CRYSTALLINE SILICON; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON (MC-SI); SILICON SUBSTRATES; SOLAR CELL STRUCTURES; STRUCTURE FEATURES;

SILICON WAFERS;

EID: 84906780711     PISSN: 21563381     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2333875     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. D.M. Chapin, C. S. Fuller, and G. L. Pearson, "A new silicon p-n junction photocell for converting solar radiation into electrical power," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 676-676, 1954.
2. J. M. Gee,W. K. Schubert, and P. A. Basore, "Emitter wrap-through solar cell," in Proc. Rec. 23rd IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf., Louisville, KY, USA, 1993, pp. 265-270.
3. R. N. Hall and T. J. Soltys, "Polka dot solar cell," in Proc. 14th IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf., San Diego, CA, USA, 1980, pp. 550-553.
4. A. Luque, A. Cuevas, and J. M. Ruiz, "Double-sided n+-p-n+ solar cell for bifacial concentration," Solar Cells, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 151-166, 1980.
5. I. Chambouleyron and Y. Chevalier, "Silicon double solar cell," in Proc. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Luxembourg, 1977, pp. 967-976.
6. G.Willeke and P. Fath, "The POWER silicon solar cell concept," in Proc. 12th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1994, pp. 766-768.
7. ISFH, Mar. 20, 2012, press release.
8. P. Engelhart, "Lasermaterialbearbeitung als Schl̈ usseltechnologie zum Herstellen r̈uckseitenkontaktierter Siliciumsolarzellen," Ph.D. dissertation, Fakulẗat f̈ur Elektrotechnik und Informatik, Univ. Hannover, Hannover, Germany, 2007.
9. J. M. Gee and M. Wang, "Pilot production of back-contact EWT cells," in Proc. 26th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. Exhib., Hamburg, Germany, 2011, pp. 1992-1995.
10. A. R. Burgers, L. J. Geerligs, A. J. Carr, A. Gutjahr, D. S. Saynova, X. Jingfeng, L. Gaofei, X. Zhuo, W. Hongfang, A. Haijiao, H. Zhiyan, P. R. Venema, and A. Vlooswijk, "19.5% efficient n-type Si solar cells made in production," in Proc. 26th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. Exhib., Hamburg, Germany, 2011, pp. 1144-1147.
11. S. deWolf, A. Descoeudres, Z. C. Holman, and C. Ballif, "High-efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells: A review," Green, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7-24, 2012.
12. T. S. B̈oscke, D. Kania, A. Helbig, C. Scḧollhorn, M. Dupke, P. Sadler, M. Braun, T. Roth, D. Stichtenoth, T.Ẅutherich, R. Jesswein, D. Fiedler, R. Carl, J. Lossen, A. Grohe, and H.-J. Krokoszinski, "Bifacial n-type cells with 20% front-side efficiency for industrial production," IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 674-677, Apr. 2013.
13. A. Edler, P. Lill, M. Dahlinger, M. Ebersp̈acher, V. D. Mihailetchi, C. Comparrotto, R. Harney, and R. Kopecek, "Bifacial n-type solar cell with selective boron emitter," in Proc. 28th Eur. Photovoltaics Solar Energy Conf. Exhib., Paris, France, 2013, pp. 967-970.
14. S. Gall, A. Lanterne, S. Manuel, V. Sanzone, R. Cabal, Y. Veschetti, A. Bettinelli, H. Robin, P. Lefillastre, and C. Gillot, "High efficient industrial N-type technology: From cell to module," in Proc. 28th Eur. Photovoltaics Solar Energy Conf. Exhib., Paris, France, 2013, pp. 695-698.
15. F. Clement, "Die Metal Wrap Through Solarzelle-Entwicklung und Charakterisierung," Ph.D. dissertation, Fakulẗat f̈ur Angewandte Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 2009.
16. F. Fertig, K. Krauß, J. Greulich, F. Clement, D. Biro, R. Preu, and S. Rein, "The BOSCO solar cell-A both sides collecting and contacted structure," Phys. Stat. Sol., vol. 8, pp. 381-384, 2014.
17. J. Greulich, M. Glatthaar, F. Fertig, F. Clement, B. Thaidigsmann, A. Fallisch, D. Biro, M. R̈udiger, M. Hermle, and S. Rein, "Intrinsic effects of double side collecting silicon solar cells," Energy Procedia, vol. 8, pp. 160-166, 2011.
18. C. Ulzḧofer, P. P. Altermatt, N.-P. Harder, and R. Brendel, "Loss analysis of emitter-wrap-through silicon solar cells by means of experiment and three-dimensional device modeling," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 107, no. 10, pp. 104509-104509, 2010.
19. Sentaurus TCAD, "Release H-2013.03," 2013.
20. F. Schindler, W. Warta, M. Forster, J. Broisch, J. Scḧon, J. A. Giesecke, S. Rein, and M. C. Schubert, "Towards a unified low-field model for carrier mobilities in crystalline silicon," Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 2014, DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.05.047.
21. D. Klaassen, "A unified mobility model for device simulation-I. Model equations and concentration dependence," Solid-State Electron., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 953-959, 1992.
22. D. Klaassen, "A unified mobility model for device simulation-II. Temperature dependence of carrier mobility and lifetime," Solid-State Electron., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 961-967, 1992.
23. P. P. Altermatt, "Models for numerical device simulations of crystalline silicon solar cells-A review," J. Comput. Electron., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 314-330, 2011.
24. B. T. Phong, "Illumination for computer generated pictures," Commun. ACM, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 311-317, 1975.
25. D. Kray, M. Hermle, and S. W. Glunz, "Theory and experiments on the back side reflectance of silicon wafer solar cells," Prog. Photovoltaic, Res. Appl., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2008.
26. A. W. Blakers, A. Wang, A. M. Milne, J. Zhao, and M. A. Green, "22.8% efficient silicon solar cell," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 55, no. 13, pp. 1363-1363, 1989.
27. F. Werner, A. Cosceev, and J. Schmidt, "Interface recombination parameters of atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 on crystalline silicon," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 73710-73710, 2012.
28. J. Dicker, "Analyse und Simulation von hocheffizienten Silizium-Solarzellenstrukturen f̈ur industrielle Fertigungstechniken," Ph.D. dissertation, Fakulẗat f̈ur Physik, Univ. Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany, 2003.
29. A. Richter, S.W. Glunz, F.Werner, J. Schmidt, and A. Cuevas, "Improved quantitative description of Auger recombination in crystalline silicon," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 86, no. 16, pp. 165202-165202, 2012.
30. K. Bothe, R. Sinton, and J. Schmidt, "Fundamental boron-oxygen-related carrier lifetime limit in mono-and multicrystalline silicon," Prog. Photovoltaics, Res. Appl., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 287-296, 2005.
31. B. Lim, "Boron-oxygen-related recombination centers in crystalline silicon and the effects of dopant-compensation," Ph.D. dissertation, Fakulẗat f̈ur Mathematik und Physik, Univ. Hannover, Hannover, Germany, 2012.
32. M. A. Green, Solar Cells, Kensington, NSW, Australia: University of New South Wales, 1986.
33. Y. M. Yang, A. Yu, B. Hsu, W. C. Hsu, A. Yang, and C. W. Lan, "Development of high-performance multicrystalline silicon for photovoltaic industry," Prog. Photovoltaics, Res. Appl., 2013, DOI: 10.1002/pip.2437.
34. J. A. Giesecke, M. C. Schubert, B. Michl, F. Schindler, and W. Warta, "Minority carrier lifetime imaging of silicon wafers calibrated by quasi-steady-state photoluminescence," Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 1011-1018, 2011.
35. B. Michl, M. R̈udiger, J. A. Giesecke, M. Hermle, W. Warta, and M. C. Schubert, "Efficiency limiting bulk recombination in multicrystalline silicon solar cells," Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, vol. 98, pp. 441-447, 2012.
36. S.-Y. Chiang, B. G. Carbajal, and G. F. Wakefield, "Improved performance thin solar cells," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-25, no. 12, pp. 1405-1409, Dec. 1978.
37. M.Y. Ghannam, "A newn+pn+ structure with back side floating junction for high efficiency silicon solar cells," in Proc. 22nd IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf., Las Vegas, NV, USA, 1991, pp. 284-289.
38. G. Agostinelli, J. Szlufcik, P. Choulat, and G. Beaucarne, "Local contact structures for industrial PERC-type solar cells," in Proc. 20th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Barcelona, Spain, 2005, pp. 942-945.
39. R. Preu, S. W. Glunz, S. Scḧafer, R. L̈udemann, W. Wettling, and W. Pfleging, "Laser ablation-A new low-cost approach for passivated rear contact formation in crystalline silicon solar cell technology," in Proc. 16th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Glasgow, U.K., 2000.
40. K. A. M̈unzer, J. Scḧone, M. Hein, A. Teppe, R. E. Schlosser,M. Hanke, J. Maier, K. Varner, S. Keller, and P. Fath, "Development and implementation of 19% rear passivation and local contact centaurus technology," in Proc. 26th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. Exhib., Hamburg, Germany, 2011, pp. 2292-2297.
41. E. Schneiderl̈ochner, R. Preu, R. L̈udemann, and S.W. Glunz, "Laser-fired rear contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells," Prog. Photovoltaics, Res. Appl., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 29-34, 2002.
42. A. Mohr, S. Wanka, A. Stekolnikov, M. Scherff, R. Seguin, P. Engelhart, C. Klenke, J. Y. Lee, S. Tardon, S. Diez, J. Wendt, B. Hintze, R. Hoyer, S. Schmidt, J. W. M̈uller, and P. Wawer, "Large area solar cells with efficiency exceeding 19% in pilot series designed for conventional module assembling," Energy Procedia, vol. 8, pp. 390-395, 2011.
43. B. Thaidigsmann, C. Kick, A. Drews, F. Clement, A. Wolf, and D. Biro, "Fire-through contacts-A new approach to contact the rear side of passivated silicon solar cells," Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, vol. 108, pp. 164-169, 2013.
44. P. Saint-Cast, D. Kania, M. Hofmann, J. Benick, J. Rentsch, and R. Preu, "Very low surface recombination velocity on p-type c-Si by high-rate plasma-deposited aluminum oxide," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 95, no. 15, pp. 151502-151502, 2009.
45. G. Emanuel, E. Schneiderl̈ochner, J. Stollhof, J. Gentischer, R. Preu, and R. L̈udemann, "High throughput laser isolation of crystalline silicon solar cells," in Proc. 17th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Munich, Germany, 2001, pp. 1578-1581.
46. A. Hauser, G. Hahn, M. Spiegel, H. Feist, O. Breitenstein, J. P. Rakotoniaina, P. Fath, and E. Bucher, "Comparison of different techniques for edge isolation," in Proc. 17th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Munich, Germany, 2001, pp. 1739-1742.
47. J. Hohl-Ebinger and W. Warta, "Bifacial solar cells in STC measurement," in Proc. 25th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. Exhib.,Valencia, Spain, 2010, pp. 1358-1362.
48. R. A. Sinton and A. Cuevas, "A quasi-steady-state open-circuit voltage method for solar cell characterization," in Proc. 16th Eur. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Glasgow, U.K., 2000, pp. 1152-1155.
49. J. Greulich, M. Glatthaar, and S. Rein, "Fill factor analysis of solar cells' current-voltage curves," Prog. Photovoltaics, Res. Appl., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 511-515, 2010.
50. J. Kr̈ugener and N.-P. Harder, "Weak light performance of PERC, PERT and standard industrial solar cells," Energy Procedia, vol. 38, pp. 108-113, 2013.