Hope versus hype: What can additive manufacturing realistically offer trauma and orthopedic surgery?

Regenerative Medicine

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 535-549

  Gibbs, David M R ^a   Vaezi, Mohammad ^b   Yang, Shoufeng ^b   Oreffo, Richard O C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

3D printing; additive manufacturing; bone graft; orthopedic surgery

Indexed keywords

OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN 1; BONE PROSTHESIS;

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING; ARTHRODESIS; BINDER JETTING; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BONE GRAFT; CELL EXPANSION; CELL VIABILITY; DEVICE REMOVAL; DIRECTED ENERGY DEPOSITION; ENGINEERING; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HUMAN; INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES; JOINT PROSTHESIS; MATERIAL EXTRUSION; MATERIAL JETTING; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY; ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANT; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; OSTEOCHONDRAL RECONSTRUCTION; PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION; PLASTIC SURGERY; POROSITY; POWDER BED FUSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SHEET LAMINATION TECHNIQUE; SPINAL ARTHRODESIS; SPINE FUSION; VASCULARIZATION; VAT PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; BONE PROSTHESIS; PROCEDURES; THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING;

BONE SUBSTITUTES; HUMANS; PRINTING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; SPINAL FUSION;

EID: 84906764023     PISSN: 17460751     EISSN: 1746076X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.20     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Derby B. Printing and prototyping of tissues and scaffolds. Science 338(6109), 921-926 (2012
2. Arafat MT, Gibson I, Li X. State of the art and future direction of additive manufactured scaffolds-based bone tissue engineering. Rapid Prototyping J. 20(1), 13-26 (2014
3. Van Der Stok J, Van Lieshout EMM, El-Massoudi Y, Van Kralingen GH, Patka P. Bone substitutes in the Netherlands-A systematic literature review. Acta Biomaterialia 7(2), 739-750 (2011
4. Younger EM, Chapman MW. Morbidity at bone graft donor sites. J. Orthop. Trauma 3(3), 192-195 (1989
5. Kurien T, Pearson RG, Scammell BE. Bone graft substitutes currently available in orthopaedic practice: The evidence for their use. Bone Joint J. 95-B(5), 583-597 (2013
6. Cowan JA Jr, Dimick JB, Wainess R, Upchurch GR Jr, Chandler WF, La Marca F. Changes in the utilization of spinal fusion in the United States. Neurosurgery 59(1), 15-20 (2006
7. Fischer CR, Cassilly R, Cantor W, Edusei E, Hammouri Q, Errico T. A systematic review of comparative studies on bone graft alternatives for common spine fusion procedures. Eur. Spine J. 22(6), 1423-1435 (2013
8. Beutler WJ, Peppelman WC Jr. Anterior lumbar fusion with paired BAK standard and paired BAK proximity cages: Subsidence incidence, subsidence factors, and clinical outcome. Spine J. 3(4), 289-293 (2003
9. Curl WW, Krome J, Gordon ES, Rushing J, Smith BP, Poehling GG. Cartilage injuries: A review of 31,516 knee arthroscopies. Arthroscopy 13(4), 456-460 (1997
10. Bentley G, Biant LC, Vijayan S, Macmull S, Skinner JA, Carrington RW. Minimum ten-year results of a prospective randomised study of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosaicplasty for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions of the knee. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 94(4), 504-509 (2012
11. National Joint Registry of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Full 9th NJR Annual Report. www.njrcentre.org.uk
12. Parvizi J, Adeli B, Zmistowski B, Restrepo C, Greenwald AS. Management of periprosthetic joint infection: The current knowledge: AAOS exhibit selection. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 94(14), e104 (2012
13. Vaezi M, Seitz H, Yang S. A review on 3D micro-Additive manufacturing technologies. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 67(5-8), 1721-1754 (2013
14. Melchels FPW, Domingos MAN, Klein TJ, Malda J, Bartolo PJ, Hutmacher DW. Additive manufacturing of tissues and organs. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37(8), 1079-1104 (2012
15. Stucker B. Additive manufacturing technologies: Technology introduction and business implications. In: Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2011 Symposium. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 5-14 (2011
16. Wang F, Shor L, Darling A et al. Precision extruding deposition and characterization of cellular poly-epsilon-caprolactone tissue scaffolds. Rapid Prototyping J. 10(1), 42-49 (2004
17. Woodfield TBF, Malda J, de Wijn J, Pèters F, Riesle J, van Blitterswijk CA. Design of porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering using a three-dimensional fiber-deposition technique. Biomaterials 25(18), 4149-4161 (2004
18. Greulich M, Greul M, Pintat T. Fast, functional prototypes via multiphase jet solidification. Rapid Prototyping J. 1(1), 20-25 (1995
19. Vozzi G, Flaim CJ, Bianchi F, Ahluwalia A, Bhatia S. Microfabricated PLGA scaffolds: A comparative study for application to tissue engineering. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. 20(1-2), 43-47 (2002
20. Landers R, Mulhaupt R. Desktop manufacturing of complex objects, prototypes and biomedical scaffolds by means of computer-Assisted design combined with computer-guided 3D plotting of polymers and reactive oligomers. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 282(9), 17-21 (2000
21. Cesarano J. A review of robocasting technology. In: Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication. Dimos D, Danforth SC, Cima MJ (Eds). Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA, USA, 133-139 (1999
22. Smay JE, Gratson GM, Shepherd RF, Cesarano J, Lewis JA. Directed colloidal assembly of 3D periodic structures. Adv. Mater. 14(18), 1279-1283 (2002
23. Hayati I, Bailey AI, Tadros TF. Mechanism of stable jet formation in electrohydrodynamic atomization. Nature 319(6048), 41-43 (1986
24. Carter NA, Jayasinghe SN, Mauri C. Biosprayed spleen cells integrate and function in mouse models. Analyst 136(17), 3434-3437 (2011
25. Qi H, Hu P, Xu J, Wang A. Encapsulation of drug reservoirs in fibers by emulsion electrospinning: Morphology characterization and preliminary release assessment. Biomacromolecules 7(8), 2327-2330 (2006
26. Ahn SH, Lee HJ, Kim GH. Polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated with an advanced electrohydrodynamic direct-printing method for bone tissue regeneration. Biomacromolecules 12(12), 4256-4263 (2011
27. Thomas V, Jose MV, Chowdhury S, Sullivan JF, Dean DR, Vohra YK. Mechano-morphological studies of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds of polycaprolactone fabricated by electrospinning. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 17(9), 969-984 (2006
28. Gbureck U, Hölzel T, Klammert U, Würzler K, Müller FA, Barralet JE. Resorbable dicalcium phosphate bone substitutes prepared by 3D powder printing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17(18), 3940-3945 (2007
29. Manning L. Additive manufacturing used to create first laser-sintered cranial implant geometry. Adv. Mater. Processes 170(9), 33-36 (2012
30. Janicki P, Schmidmaier G. What should be the characteristics of the ideal bone graft substitute? Combining scaffolds with growth factors and/or stem cells. Injury 42(Suppl. 2), S77-S81 (2011
31. Klammert U, Gbureck U, Vorndran E, Rodiger J, Meyer-Marcotty P, Kubler AC. 3D powder printed calcium phosphate implants for reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 38(8), 565-570 (2010
32. Kuhne JH, Bartl R, Frisch B, Hammer C, Jansson V, Zimmer M. Bone formation in coralline hydroxyapatite. Effects of pore size studied in rabbits. Acta Orthop. Scand. 65(3), 246-252 (1994
33. Kalita SJ, Bose S, Hosick HL, Bandyopadhyay A. Development of controlled porosity polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds via fused deposition modeling. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 23(5), 611-620 (2003
34. Vaezi M, Chianrabutra S, Mellor B, Yang S. Multiple material additive manufacturing-part 1: A review. Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 8(1), 19-50 (2013
35. Yang S, Yang H, Chi X et al. Rapid prototyping of ceramic lattices for hard tissue scaffolds. Mater. Des. 29(9), 1802-1809 (2008
36. Yang H, Yang S, Chi X et al. Sintering behaviour of calcium phosphate filaments for use as hard tissue scaffolds. J. Eur. Ceramic Soc. 28(1), 159-167 (2008
37. Yang HY, Thompson I, Yang SF, Chi XP, Evans JRG, Cook RJ. Dissolution characteristics of extrusion freeformed hydroxyapatite-Tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 19(11), 3345-3353 (2008
38. Lu X, Lee Y, Yang S, Hao Y, Evans JRG, Parini CG. Fine lattice structures fabricated by extrusion freeforming: Process variables. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 209(10), 4654-4661 (2009
39. Fielding G, Bose S. SiO2 and ZnO dopants in three-dimensionally printed tricalcium phosphate bone tissue engineering scaffolds enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. Acta Biomater. 9(11), 9137-9148 (2013
40. Langton DJ, Joyce TJ, Jameson SS et al. Adverse reaction to metal debris following hip resurfacing: The influence of component type, orientation and volumetric wear. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 93(2), 164-171 (2011
41. Meseguer-Olmo L, Vicente-Ortega V, Alcaraz-Banos M et al. In-vivo behavior of Si-hydroxyapatite/ polycaprolactone/DMB scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 101(7), 2038-2048 (2013
42. Reichert JC, Cipitria A, Epari DR et al. A tissue engineering solution for segmental defect regeneration in load-bearing long bones. Sci. Transl. Med. 4(141), 141ra93 (2012
43. Moon S, Hasan SK, Song YS et al. Layer by layer three-dimensional tissue epitaxy by cell-laden hydrogel droplets. Tissue Eng C Methods 16(1), 157-166 (2010
44. Marga F, Jakab K, Khatiwala C et al. Toward engineering functional organ modules by additive manufacturing. Biofabrication 4(2), 022001 (2012
45. Xu T, Zhao W, Zhu J-M, Albanna MZ, Yoo JJ, Atala A. Complex heterogeneous tissue constructs containing multiple cell types prepared by inkjet printing technology. Biomaterials 34(1), 130-139 (2013
46. Schuurman W, Khristov V, Pot MW, van Weeren PR, Dhert WJA, Malda J. Bioprinting of hybrid tissue constructs with tailorable mechanical properties. Biofabrication 3(2), 021001 (2011
47. Park Y, Ha JW, Lee YT, Sung NY. The effect of a radiographic solid fusion on clinical outcomes after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J. 11(3), 205-212 (2011
48. Abbah SA, Lam CXL, Hutmacher DW, Goh JCH, Wong H-K. Biological performance of a polycaprolactone-based scaffold used as fusion cage device in a large animal model of spinal reconstructive surgery. Biomaterials 30(28), 5086-5093 (2009
49. Yong M, Brooker B, Labrom RD, Askin GN, Hutmacher D, Adam CJ. Biomechanical performance of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffold with rhBMP-2 in a sheep thoracic spine fusion model. Eur. Spine J. 23(3), 650-657 (2014
50. Tissue Regeneration Systems, Inc.: US20110282392 (2011
51. LaMarca F, Flanagan CL, Tseng W-J et al.A new resorbable integrated cervical plate/cage fusion device modified with osteoconductive coating or osteoinductive factors: Preliminary results in a pre-clinical Yucatan minipig model http://tissuesys.com/trs-media/publications/Link%203.pdf
52. Krijnen MR, Mullender MG, Smit TH, Everts V, Wuisman PI. Radiographic, histologic, and chemical evaluation of bioresorbable 70/30 poly-L-lactide-CO-D, L-lactide interbody fusion cages in a goat model. Spine 31(14), 1559-1567 (1976
53. Castro NJ, Hacking SA, Zhang LG. Recent progress in interfacial tissue engineering approaches for osteochondral defects. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 40(8), 1628-1640 (2012
54. Kon E, Delcogliano M, Filardo G et al. A novel nano-composite multi-layered biomaterial for treatment of osteochondral lesions: Technique note and an early stability pilot clinical trial. Injury 41(7), 693-701 (2010
55. Park JS, Woo DG, Yang HN et al. Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a hydrogel construct: Neocartilage formation in animal models as both mice and rabbits. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 92(3), 988-996 (2010
56. Koerner J, Nesic D, Romero JD, Brehm W, Mainil-Varlet P, Grogan SP. Equine peripheral blood-derived progenitors in comparison to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 24(6), 1613-1619 (2006
57. Reyes R, Pec M, Sánchez E, Del Rosario C, Delgado A, Evora C. Comparative, osteochondral defect repair: Stem cells versus chondrocytes versus bone morphogenetic protein-2, solely or in combination. Eur. Cell. Mater. 25, 351-365 (2013
58. Schuurman W, Klein T, Dhert W, Weeren P, Hutmacher D, Malda J. Cartilage regeneration using zonal chondrocyte subpopulations: A promising approach or an overcomplicated strategy? J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. doi:10.1002/term.1638. (2012) (Epub ahead of print
59. Izadifar Z, Chen X, Kulyk W. Strategic design and fabrication of engineered scaffolds for articular cartilage repair. J. Funct. Biomater. 3(4), 799-838 (2012
60. Grad S, Eglin D, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Physical stimulation of chondrogenic cells in vitro: A review. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 469, 2764-2772 (2011
61. Jeong CG, Hollister SJ. Mechanical and biochemical assessments of three-dimensional poly (1, 8-octanediol-co-citrate) scaffold pore shape and permeability effects on in vitro chondrogenesis using primary chondrocytes. Tissue Eng. A 16(12), 3759-3768 (2010
62. Li W-J, Jiang YJ, Tuan RS. Chondrocyte phenotype in engineered fibrous matrix is regulated by fiber size. Tissue Eng. 12(7), 1775-1785 (2006
63. Miot S, Woodfield T, Daniels AU et al. Effects of scaffold composition and architecture on human nasal chondrocyte redifferentiation and cartilaginous matrix deposition. Biomaterials 26(15), 2479-2489 (2005
64. Erisken C, Kalyon DM, Wang H. Functionally graded electrospun polycaprolactone and β-Tricalcium phosphate nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials 29(30), 4065-4073 (2008
65. Fedorovich NE, Schuurman W, Wijnberg HM et al. Biofabrication of osteochondral tissue equivalents by printing topologically defined, cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds. Tissue Eng. C Methods 18(1), 33-44 (2011
66. Shim J-H, Lee J-S, Kim JY, Cho D-W. Bioprinting of a mechanically enhanced three-dimensional dual cell-laden construct for osteochondral tissue engineering using a multi-head tissue/organ building system. J. Micromech. Microeng. 22(8), 085014 (2012
67. Peterson L, Minas T, Brittberg M, Nilsson A, Sjögren-Jansson E, Lindahl A. Two-To 9-year outcome after autologous chondrocyte transplantation of the knee. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 374, 212-234 (2000
68. Gikas PD, Morris T, Carrington R, Skinner J, Bentley G, Briggs T. A correlation between the timing of biopsy after autologous chondrocyte implantation and the histological appearance. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 91(9), 1172-1177 (2009
69. Cohen DL, Lipton JI, Bonassar LJ, Lipson H. Additive manufacturing for in situ repair of osteochondral defects. Biofabrication 2(3), 035004 (2010
70. Tam MD, Laycock SD, Bell D, Chojnowski A. 3-D printout of a DICOM file to aid surgical planning in a 6 year old patient with a large scapular osteochondroma complicating congenital diaphyseal aclasia. J. Radiol. Case Rep. 6(1), 31-37 (2012
71. Li J, Hsu Y, Luo E, Khadka A, Hu J. Computer-Aided design and manufacturing and rapid prototyped nanoscale hydroxyapatite/polyamide (n-HA/PA) construction for condylar defect caused by mandibular angle ostectomy. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 35(4), 636-640 (2011
72. Zhim F, Ayers RA, Moore JJ, Moufarrege R, Yahia L. Personalized implant for high tibial opening wedge: Combination of solid freeform fabrication with combustion synthesis process. J. Biomater. Appl. 27(3), 323-332 (2012
73. Lethaus B, Poort L, Böckmann R, Smeets R, Tolba R, Kessler P. Additive manufacturing for microvascular reconstruction of the mandible in 20 patients. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 40(1), 43-46 (2012
74. Radisic M, Yang L, Boublik J et al. Medium perfusion enables engineering of compact and contractile cardiac tissue. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286(2), H507-H516 (2004
75. Miller JS, Stevens KR, Yang MT et al. Rapid casting of patterned vascular networks for perfusable engineered three-dimensional tissues. Nat. Mater. 11(9), 768-774 (2012
76. Kanczler JM, Oreffo RO. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis: The potential for engineering bone. Eur. Cell. Mater. 15, 100-114 (2008
77. Cui X, Dean D, Ruggeri ZM, Boland T. Cell damage evaluation of thermal inkjet printed Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 106(6), 963-969 (2010
78. Zimmermann G, Moghaddam A. Allograft bone matrix versus synthetic bone graft substitutes. Injury 42, S16-S21 (2011
79. Nejadnik H, Hui JH, Choong EPF, Tai B-C, Lee EH. Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells versus autologous chondrocyte implantation: An observational cohort study. Am. J. Sports Med. 38(6), 1110-1116 (2010
80. Wüst S, Müller R, Hofmann S. Controlled positioning of cells in biomaterials-Approaches towards 3D tissue printing. J. Funct. Biomater. 2(3), 119-154 (2011